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324 results on '"Heil, Reinhard"'

1. Vision Assessment

Author

Frey, Philipp, Dobroc, Paulina, Hausstein, Alexandra, Heil, Reinhard, Lösch, Andreas, Roßmann, Maximilian, and Schneider, Christoph

Subjects
Vision Assessment, Technikfolgenabschätzung, Technikzukünfte, soziotechnische Zukünfte, Technology Assessment, Socio-technical futures, thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
Abstract

Visions of the future play an increasing role in all spheres of society, in science and policy making as well as in civil society and mass media. Since 2012, researchers at the Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis have been developing "Vision Assessment" as an approach to investigate the societal effects of such visions. This anthology presents the theoretical foundations of their research.

Published
2022
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3. Explaining Any ML Model? -- On Goals and Capabilities of XAI

Author

Renftle, Moritz, Trittenbach, Holger, Poznic, Michael, and Heil, Reinhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, I.2.0, J.0, K.4.0
Abstract

An increasing ubiquity of machine learning (ML) motivates research on algorithms to explain ML models and their predictions -- so-called eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Despite many survey papers and discussions, the goals and capabilities of XAI algorithms are far from being well understood. We argue that this is because of a problematic reasoning scheme in XAI literature: XAI algorithms are said to complement ML models with desired properties, such as "interpretability", or "explainability". These properties are in turn assumed to contribute to a goal, like "trust" in an ML system. But most properties lack precise definitions and their relationship to such goals is far from obvious. The result is a reasoning scheme that obfuscates research results and leaves an important question unanswered: What can one expect from XAI algorithms? In this article, we clarify the goals and capabilities of XAI algorithms from a concrete perspective: that of their users. Explaining ML models is only necessary if users have questions about them. We show that users can ask diverse questions, but that only one of them can be answered by current XAI algorithms. Answering this core question can be trivial, difficult or even impossible, depending on the ML application. Based on these insights, we outline which capabilities policymakers, researchers and society can reasonably expect from XAI algorithms.

Published
2022
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6. Technology Assessment of Socio-Technical Futures—A Discussion Paper

Author

Lösch, Andreas, Böhle, Knud, Coenen, Christopher, Dobroc, Paulina, Heil, Reinhard, Grunwald, Armin, Scheer, Dirk, Schneider, Christoph, Ferrari, Arianna, Hommrich, Dirk, Sand, Martin, Aykut, Stefan C., Dickel, Sascha, Fuchs, Daniela, Kastenhofer, Karen, Torgersen, Helge, Gransche, Bruno, Hausstein, Alexandra, Konrad, Kornelia, Nordmann, Alfred, Schaper-Rinkel, Petra, Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo, Wentland, Alexander, Grunwald, Armin, Series Editor, Heil, Reinhard, Series Editor, Coenen, Christopher, Series Editor, Lösch, Andreas, editor, Meister, Martin, editor, and Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo, editor

Published
2019
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7. Visionary Practices Shaping Power Constellations

Author

Lösch, Andreas, Heil, Reinhard, Schneider, Christoph, Grunwald, Armin, Series Editor, Heil, Reinhard, Series Editor, Coenen, Christopher, Series Editor, Lösch, Andreas, editor, Meister, Martin, editor, and Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo, editor

Published
2019
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10. Introduction

Author

Heil, Reinhard, Seitz, Stefanie B., Robienski, Jürgen, König, Harald, Grunwald, Armin, Series editor, Heil, Reinhard, Series editor, Coenen, Christopher, Series editor, Seitz, Stefanie B., editor, König, Harald, editor, and Robienski, Jürgen, editor

Published
2017
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13. Einleitung

Author

Heil, Reinhard, Seitz, Stefanie B., Robienski, Jürgen, König, Harald, Grunwald, Armin, Series editor, Heil, Reinhard, Series editor, Coenen, Christopher, Series editor, Seitz, Stefanie B., editor, König, Harald, editor, and Robienski, Jürgen, editor

Published
2016
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23. Autorenverzeichnis

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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25. Technology Assessment of Socio-Technical Futures—A Discussion Paper

Author

Lösch, Andreas, primary, Böhle, Knud, additional, Coenen, Christopher, additional, Dobroc, Paulina, additional, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Grunwald, Armin, additional, Scheer, Dirk, additional, Schneider, Christoph, additional, Ferrari, Arianna, additional, Hommrich, Dirk, additional, Sand, Martin, additional, Aykut, Stefan C., additional, Dickel, Sascha, additional, Fuchs, Daniela, additional, Kastenhofer, Karen, additional, Torgersen, Helge, additional, Gransche, Bruno, additional, Hausstein, Alexandra, additional, Konrad, Kornelia, additional, Nordmann, Alfred, additional, Schaper-Rinkel, Petra, additional, Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo, additional, and Wentland, Alexander, additional

Published
2019
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26. E. Verkehrswesen

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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28. L. Bildung

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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29. Sachverzeichnis

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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30. G. Heim und Freizeit

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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32. K. Wissenschaft

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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34. J. Demokratie

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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35. C. Gesundheitswesen

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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37. A. Einleitung

Author

Kolany-Raiser, Barbara, primary, Heil, Reinhard, additional, Orwat, Carsten, additional, and Hoeren, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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44. Vision Assessment: Theoretische Reflexionen zur Erforschung soziotechnischer Zukünfte

Author

Frey, Philipp, Dobroć, Paulina, Hausstein, Alexandra, Heil, Reinhard, Lösch, Andreas, Roßmann, Maximilian, Schneider, Christoph, RS: FASoS MUSTS, and History

Subjects
Technikzukünfte, soziotechnische Zukünfte, Technology, Technology Assessment, Technikfolgenabschätzung, ddc:600, Vision Assessment, Socio-technical futures
Abstract

Zukunftsvisionen sind in allen Bereichen der Gesellschaft wirkmächtig, in Wissenschaft und Politik wie in Zivilgesellschaft und Massenmedien. Seit 2012 entwickeln Wissenschaftler:innen am Institut für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Systemanalyse das „Vision Assessment“ als einen für die empirische Erforschung von Visionen als sozio-epistemische Praktiken operationalisierbaren Forschungsansatz. Das vorliegende Buch entfaltet die theoretischen Dimensionen, die den Forschungsansatz heute fundieren. Abstract (englisch): Visions of the future play an increasing role in all spheres of society, in science and policy making as well as in civil society and mass media. Since 2012, researchers at the Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis have been developing "Vision Assessment" as an approach to investigate the societal effects of such visions. This anthology presents the theoretical foundations of their research.

Published
2022
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45. Artificial intelligence in human genomics and biomedicine: Dynamics, potentials and challenges

Author

Heil, Reinhard, Heyen, Nils B., Baumann, Martina, Hüsing, Bärbel, Bachlechner, Daniel, Schmoch, Ulrich, König, Harald, Heil, Reinhard, Heyen, Nils B., Baumann, Martina, Hüsing, Bärbel, Bachlechner, Daniel, Schmoch, Ulrich, and König, Harald

Abstract

The increasing availability of extensive and complex data has made human genomics and its applications in (bio)medicine an at­ tractive domain for artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of advanced machine learning (ML) methods. These methods are linked not only to the hope of improving diagnosis and drug development. Rather, they may also advance key issues in biomedicine, e. g. understanding how individual differences in the human genome may cause specific traits or diseases. We analyze the increasing convergence of AI and genom­ics, the emergence of a corresponding innovation system, and how these associative AI methods relate to the need for causal knowledge in biomedical research and development (R&D) and in medical prac­tice. Finally, we look at the opportunities and challenges for clinical practice and the implications for governance issues arising from this convergence., Die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit umfangreicher und komplexer Daten hat die Humangenomik und ihre Anwendungsbereiche in der (Bio-)Medizin zu einem attraktiven Bereich für künstliche Intelligenz (KI) vor allem in Form von fortgeschrittenen Methoden des maschinellen Lernens (ML) gemacht. Diese Methoden sind nicht nur mit der Hoffnung verbunden, Diagnosen und die Medikamentenentwicklung zu verbessern. Sie könnten auch darum, Kernthemen in der Biomedizin voranzubringen, z. B. zu verstehen, wie individuelle Unterschiede im menschlichen Genom bestimmte Merkmale oder Krankheiten verursachen können. Wir analysieren die zunehmende Konvergenz von KI und Genomik, das Entstehen eines entsprechenden Innovationssystems und wie diese assoziativen KI‑Methoden mit dem Bedarf an kausalem Wissen in der biomedizinischen Forschung und Entwicklung und in der medizinischen Praxis zusammenhängen. Schließlich betrachten wir die Potenziale und Herausforderungen für die klinische Praxis und die sich aus dieser Konvergenz ergebenden Implikationen für Governance-Fragen.

Published
2022

47. Artificial intelligence in human genomics and biomedicine

Author

Heil, Reinhard, Heyen, Nils B., Baumann, Martina, Hüsing, Bärbel, Bachlechner, Daniel, Schmoch, Ulrich, König, Harald, and Publica

Subjects
Social sciences (General), H1-99, knowledge, governance, genomics, biomedicine, T1-995, artificial intelligence, Technology (General)
Abstract

Die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit umfangreicher und komplexer Daten hat die Humangenomik und ihre Anwendungsbereiche in der (Bio-)Medizin zu einem attraktiven Bereich für künstliche Intelligenz (KI) vor allem in Form von fortgeschrittenen Methoden des maschinellen Lernens (ML) gemacht. Diese Methoden sind nicht nur mit der Hoffnung verbunden, Diagnosen und die Medikamentenentwicklung zu verbessern. Sie könnten auch darum, Kernthemen in der Biomedizin voranzubringen, z.B. zu verstehen, wie individuelle Unterschiede im menschlichen Genom bestimmte Merkmale oder Krankheiten verursachen können. Wir analysieren die zunehmende Konvergenz von KI und Genomik, das Entstehen eines entsprechenden Innovationssystems und wie diese assoziativen KI-Methoden mit dem Bedarf an kausalem Wissen in der biomedizinischen Forschung und Entwicklung und in der medizinischen Praxis zusammenhängen. Schließlich betrachten wir die Potenziale und Herausforderungen für die klinische Praxis und die sich aus dieser Konvergenz ergebenden Implikationen für Governance-Fragen.

Published
2021

48. Einleitung

Author

Heil, Reinhard, primary, Seitz, Stefanie B., additional, Robienski, Jürgen, additional, and König, Harald, additional

Published
2015
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