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1. Studying the Aerosol Effect on Deep Convective Clouds over the Global Oceans by Applying Machine Learning Techniques on Long-Term Satellite Observation.

Author

Zhao, Xuepeng, Frech, James, Foster, Michael J., and Heidinger, Andrew K.

Subjects
CONVECTIVE clouds, CLIMATE change models, MACHINE learning, AEROSOLS, TROPOSPHERIC aerosols, SINGULAR value decomposition, OCEAN color
Abstract

Long-term (1982–2019) satellite climate data records (CDRs) of aerosols and clouds, reanalysis data of meteorological fields, and machine learning techniques are used to study the aerosol effect on deep convective clouds (DCCs) over the global oceans from a climatological perspective. Our analyses are focused on three latitude belts where DCCs appear more frequently in the climatology: the northern middle latitude (NML), tropical latitude (TRL), and southern middle latitude (SML). It was found that the aerosol effect on marine DCCs may be detected only in NML from long-term averaged satellite aerosol and cloud observations. Specifically, cloud particle size is more susceptible to the aerosol effect compared to other cloud micro-physical variables (e.g., cloud optical depth). The signature of the aerosol effect on DCCs can be easily obscured by meteorological covariances for cloud macro-physical variables, such as cloud cover and cloud top temperature (CTT). From a machine learning analysis, we found that the primary aerosol effect (i.e., the aerosol effect without meteorological feedbacks and covariances) can partially explain the aerosol convective invigoration in CTT and that meteorological feedbacks and covariances need to be included to accurately capture the aerosol convective invigoration. From our singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, we found the aerosol effects in the three leading principal components (PCs) may explain about one third of the variance of satellite-observed cloud variables and significant positive or negative trends are only observed in the lead PC1 of cloud and aerosol variables. The lead PC1 component is an effective mode for detecting the aerosol effect on DCCs. Our results are valuable for the evaluation and improvement of aerosol-cloud interactions in the long-term climate simulations of global climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. ABI Cloud Products from the GOES-R Series

Author

Heidinger, Andrew K., primary, Pavolonis, Michael J., additional, Calvert, Corey, additional, Hoffman, Jay, additional, Nebuda, Sharon, additional, Straka, William, additional, Walther, Andi, additional, and Wanzong, Steven, additional

Published
2020
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3. Contributors

Author

Allegrino, Americo, primary, Bailey, Andrew, additional, Bouwer, S. Dave, additional, Bresky, Wayne, additional, Califf, Samuel, additional, Calvert, Corey, additional, Cintineo, John L., additional, Ciren, Pubu, additional, Codrescu, Stefan, additional, Daniels, Jaime, additional, Darnel, Jonathan M., additional, Eden, Thomas D., additional, Eparvier, Francis G., additional, Goodman, Steven J., additional, Gunshor, Mathew M., additional, Heidinger, Andrew K., additional, Hoffman, Jay, additional, Hsu, Vicki, additional, Huff, Amy, additional, Hughes, J. Marcus, additional, Key, Jeffrey R., additional, Kim, Hye-Yun, additional, Kondragunta, Shobha, additional, Kress, Brian T., additional, Kuligowski, Robert J., additional, Laszlo, Istvan, additional, Letterly, Aaron, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Li, Zhenglong, additional, Lindsey, Daniel T., additional, Liu, Yinghui, additional, Liu, Hongqing, additional, Loto’aniu, Paul T.M., additional, Machol, Janet L., additional, Martin, Graeme, additional, McClintock, William E., additional, McNamara, Donna, additional, McNitt, James, additional, Meisner, Randle, additional, Menzel, W. Paul, additional, Miller, Steven D., additional, Mozer, Kathryn, additional, Mueller, Steven, additional, Nebuda, Sharon, additional, Onsager, Terrance G., additional, Painter, Thomas H., additional, Pavolonis, Michael J., additional, Pinker, Rachel T., additional, Redmon, Robert J., additional, Reinard, Alysha A., additional, Rodriguez, Juan V., additional, Rudlosky, Scott D., additional, Schmidt, Chris, additional, Schmit, Timothy J., additional, Seaman, Curtis, additional, Seaton, Daniel B., additional, Sieglaff, Justin M., additional, Singer, Howard J., additional, Snow, Martin, additional, Straka, William, additional, Sullivan, Pamela C., additional, Thiemann, Ed, additional, Velden, Christopher S., additional, Viereck, Rodney A., additional, Virts, Katrina S., additional, Walther, Andi, additional, Wang, Xuanji, additional, Wanzong, Steven, additional, Woodraska, Donald L., additional, Woods, Thomas N., additional, Yu, Yunyue, additional, Yu, Peng, additional, and Zhang, Hai, additional

Published
2020
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5. Applying the Dark Target Aerosol Algorithm with Advanced Himawari Imager Observations During the KORUS-AQ Field Campaign

Author

Gupta, Pawan, Levy, Robert C, Mattoo, Shana, Remer, Lorraine A, Holz, Robert E, and Heidinger, Andrew K

Subjects
Geosciences (General)
Abstract

For nearly 2 decades we have been quantitatively observing the Earth's aerosol system from space at one or two times of the day by applying the Dark Target family of algorithms to polar-orbiting satellite sensors, particularly MODIS and VIIRS. With the launch of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and the Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABIs) into geosynchronous orbits, we have the new ability to expand temporal coverage of the traditional aerosol optical depth (AOD) to resolve the diurnal signature of aerosol loading during daylight hours. The Korean–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign taking place in and around the Korean peninsula during May–June 2016 initiated a special processing of full-disk AHI observations that allowed us to make a preliminary adoption of Dark Target aerosol algorithms to the wavelengths and resolutions of AHI. Here,we describe the adaptation and show retrieval results from AHI for this 2-month period. The AHI-retrieved AOD is collocated in time and space with existing AErosol RObotic NETwork stations across Asia and with collocated Terra and Aqua MODIS retrievals. The new AHI AOD product matches AERONET, and the standard MODIS product does as well, and the agreement between AHI and MODIS retrieved AOD is excellent, as can be expected by maintaining consistency in algorithm architecture and most algorithm assumptions. Furthermore, we show that the new product approximates the AERONET-observed diurnal signature. Examining the diurnal patterns of the new AHI AOD product we find specific areas over land where the diurnal signal is spatially cohesive. For example, in Bangladesh the AOD in-creases by 0.50 from morning to evening, and in northeast China the AOD decreases by 0.25. However, over open ocean the observed diurnal cycle is driven by two artifacts, one associated with solar zenith angles greater than 70t hat may be caused by a radiative transfer model that does not properly represent the spherical Earth and the other artifact associated with the fringes of the 40 degree glint angle mask. This opportunity during KORUS-AQ provides encouragement to move towards an operational Dark Target algorithm for AHI. Future work will need to re-examine masking including snow mask, reevaluate assumed aerosol models for geosynchronous geometry, address the artifacts over the ocean, and investigate size parameter retrieval from the over-ocean algorithm.

Published
2019
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22. Cloud and Sun-Glint Statistics Derived from GOES and MODIS Observations Over the Intra-Americas Sea for GEO-CAPE Mission Planning

Author

Feng, Lian, Hu, Chuanmin, Barnes, Brian B, Mannino, Antonio, Heidinger, Andrew K, Strabala, Kathleen, and Iraci, Laura T

Subjects
Statistics And Probability, Oceanography
Abstract

Knowledge of cloud cover, frequency, and duration is not only important to study cloud dynamics, but also critical in determining when and where to take ocean measurements from geostationary orbits such as the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission due to the challenges in achieving complete hemispheric coverage of coastal oceans, estuaries, and inland waters at hourly frequency. Using GOES hourly measurements at 4 km nadir resolution between 2006 and 2011, the number of cloud-free hourly observations per day (N(sub cf)) for solar zenith angle Theta(sub 0) less than 80 degrees was estimated for each 0.1 degree location of the Intra-Americas Sea. The number of Sun-glint-affected hourly observations per day [Ns(sub sg)] was also calculated based on the planned GEO-CAPE observation geometry and realistic wind speed. High-latitude and equatorial oceans showed the lowest N(sub cf) (less than 2.4) in all climatological months, and highest N(sub cf) was observed in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and Caribbean (greater than 4.5). Different regions showed differences in seasonality of cloud-free conditions and also showed differences in the hour of a day at which the satellite observations would have the maximal cloud-free and glint-free probability (Temperature maximum). Cloud cover from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1 km measurements are greater than 10 degrees higher than those from the MODIS 250 m measurements, supporting ocean color missions at subkilometer resolutions to enhance both spatial coverage and temporal frequency. These findings provide valuable information for GEO-CAPE mission planning to maximize its science value through minimizing the impacts of clouds and Sun glint.

Published
2017
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37. Studies Regarding the Ensquared Energy of a Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder

Author

Li, Zhenglong, Schmit, Timothy J., Li, Jinlong, Li, Jun, and Heidinger, Andrew K.

Abstract

Compared with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the high altitude from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites leads to increased diffraction effects on hyperspectral infrared (HIR) sounders, which reduces the ensquared energy (EE) within the satellites’ field of view (FOV) and increases the pseudo noise of the measurements. To help understand how the instrument performance is affected by EE for the Geostationary Extended Observations Sounder (GXS), a point spread function (PSF) is used to simulate the contribution of each location within and outside of an FOV ( $4\times $ 4 km at nadir). The PSF is applied to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) airborne simulator (MAS) data with a spatial resolution of 50 m, to determine an appropriate EE for GXS. Although wavenumber dependent, an EE of 70% is recommended, which ensures that all GXS channels have pseudo noise less than the instrument specifications. Regardless of the EE value, the pseudo noise reduces the precision of the temperature and moisture sounding retrievals in the troposphere. Even with an EE of 70%, the pseudo noise slightly increases the root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 3%–4% for temperature and by 1%–4% for relative humidity. If an EE of 70% is difficult to meet, due to cost for example, a lower EE can be a good tradeoff with only a slight degradation in the sounding retrieval quality, which may be overcome with spatial averaging using the inverted cone method. An EE of 50% would lead to an RMSE increase of about 6% for temperature and 3%–6% for relative humidity.

Published
2023
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39. Global Climate [in 'State of the Climate in 2019']

Author

Dunn, Robert J. H., Stanitski, Diane M., Gobron, Nadine, Willett, Kate M., Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E.-S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., Eyto, Elvira De, de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-Peng (ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, Sergey, Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., Fuente, R. S. La, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, Thierry, Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mccabe, M. F., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Petron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Remy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W, Schmid, Martin, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L, Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Jr., Paul W. Stackhouse, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., A, Ronald J. van Der, van Der Schalie, Robin, van Der Schrier, Gerard, van Der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Universität Bremen, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Princeton], Princeton University, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Department of Meteorology [Reading], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Hamburg (UHH), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Marine Institute [Ireland], VanderSat B.V., King County Water and Land Resources Division, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, University of Innsbruck, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation [Wien], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Woodland Trust, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), Department of Meteorology and Geophysics [Vienna], Universität Wien, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Dundalk Institute of Technology (DkIT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Earth Observation Data Centre GmbH (EODC), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), GSFC Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Hydro-Climate Extremes Laboratory (H-CEL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Remote Sensing Systems [Santa Rosa] (RSS), Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences [Boston] (EEOS), University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Nichols College Dudley, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], Columbia University [New York], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Geography [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Irkutsk State University (ISU), Institute of Geography [Bern], University of Bern, UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Department of Physical Oceanography [Woods Hole], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), York University [Toronto], Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Geography [Washington], The George Washington University (GW), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA)-NASA, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Capacity Center for Climate and Weather Extremes (C3WE), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Earth Observing Laboratory [Boulder] (EOL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR)-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and NASA-Universities Space Research Association (USRA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract

International audience; Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is avail- able from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0104.1 Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contributions from scien- tists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instru- ments located on land, water, ice, and in space.The full report is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.

Published
2020

40. Bulk scattering properties for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part III: high-resolution spectral models from 100 to 3250 [cm.sup.-1]

Author

Baum, Bryan A., Yang, Ping, Nasiri, Shaima, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heymsfield, Andrew, and Li, Jun

Subjects
Spectrum analysis -- Usage, Remote sensing -- Models, Cloud forecasting -- Methods, Cloud forecasting -- Analysis, Radiography -- Equipment and supplies, Radiography -- Usage, Earth sciences
Abstract

This study reports on the development of bulk single-scattering models for ice clouds that are appropriate for use in hyperspectral radiative transfer cloud modeling over the spectral range from 100 to 3250 [cm.sup.-1]. The models are developed in a manner similar to that recently reported for the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); therefore these models result in a consistent set of scattering properties from visible to far-infrared wavelengths. The models incorporate a new database of individual ice-particle scattering properties that includes droxtals, 3D bullet rosettes, hexagonal solid and hollow columns, aggregates, and plates. The database provides single-scattering properties for each habit in 45 size bins ranging from 2 to 9500 [micro]m, and for 49 wavenumbers between 100 and 3250 [cm.sup.-1], which is further interpolated to 3151 discrete wavenumbers on the basis of a third-order spline interpolation method. Bulk models are developed by integrating various properties over both particle habit and size distributions. Individual bulk models are developed for 18 effective diameters [D.sub.eff], ranging from [D.sub.eff] = 10 [micro]m to [D.sub.eff] = 180 [micro]m. A total of 1117 particle size distributions are used in the analyses and are taken from analysis of the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment (FIRE)-I, FIRE-II, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program intensive operation period (ARM-IOP), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Kwajalein Experiment (TRMM-KWAJEX), and Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida-Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) data. The models include microphysical and scattering properties such as median mass diameter, effective diameter, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and scattering phase function. The spectral models are appropriate for applications involving the interpretation of the radiometric measurements of ice clouds acquired by infrared spectrometers such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua satellite and the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the upcoming National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) platforms.

Published
2007

41. Global climate

Author

Dunn, Robert J. H., Stanitski, Diane M., Gobron, Nadine, Willett, Kate M., Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, Rob, Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier., Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura., Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E.-S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard A. M, VanderSat, B.V., DeGasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K, Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, S., Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., La Fuente, R. S., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, T., Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G, Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, M. F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Pétron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W, Schmid, Martin, Eawag, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L, Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, VanderSat B.V., van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Dunn, Robert J. H., Stanitski, Diane M., Gobron, Nadine, Willett, Kate M., Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, Rob, Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier., Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura., Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E.-S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard A. M, VanderSat, B.V., DeGasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K, Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, S., Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., La Fuente, R. S., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, T., Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G, Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, M. F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Pétron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W, Schmid, Martin, Eawag, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L, Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, VanderSat B.V., van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., and Ziese, Markus

Abstract

Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0104.1 Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contributions from scientists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instruments located on land, water, ice, and in space. The full report is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.

Published
2020

42. Global Climate : in State of the climate in 2019

Author

Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, Rob, Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -S, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard A. M., VanderSat, B. V., DeGasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Dunn, R. J. H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gobron, N., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Huser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, S., Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., La Fuente, R. S., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, T., Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, M. F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Muhle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Petron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Remy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishauser, T., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W., Schmid, Martin Eawag, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stanitski, D. M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vomel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, K. M., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, Rob, Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -S, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard A. M., VanderSat, B. V., DeGasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Dunn, R. J. H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gobron, N., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Huser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, S., Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., La Fuente, R. S., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, T., Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, M. F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Muhle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Petron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Remy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishauser, T., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W., Schmid, Martin Eawag, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stanitski, D. M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vomel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, K. M., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., and Ziese, Markus

Published
2020
Full Text
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44. The successive-order-of-interaction radiative transfer model. Part II: model performance and applications

Author

O'Dell, Christopher W., Heidinger, Andrew K., Greenwald, Thomas, Bauer, Peter, and Bennartz, Ralf

Subjects
Radiative transfer -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Radiative transfer models for scattering atmospheres that are accurate yet computationally efficient are required for many applications, such as data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. The successive-order-of-interaction (SOI) model is shown to satisfy these demands under a wide range of conditions. In particular, the model has an accuracy typically much better than 1 K for most microwave and submillimeter cases in precipitating atmospheres. Its speed is found to be comparable to or faster than the commonly used though less accurate Eddington model. An adjoint has been written for the model, and so Jacobian sensitivities can be quickly calculated. In addition to a conventional error assessment, the correlation between errors in different microwave channels is also characterized. These factors combine to make the SOI model an appealing candidate for many demanding applications, including data assimilation and optimal estimation, from microwave to thermal infrared wavelengths.

Published
2006

45. Molecular line absorption in a scattering atmosphere. Part III: path length characteristics and effects of spatially heterogeneous clouds

Author

Heidinger, Andrew K. and Stephens, Graeme L.

Subjects
Clouds -- Research, Absorption of light -- Research, Stratocumulus clouds, Earth sciences, Science and technology
Abstract

The paper analyzes the influence of horizontal variability of clouds on sunlight reflected in a narrow portion of the solar spectrum and how this influence affects the ability to estimate cloud properties from measurements of reflection. This paper is part of a series that examines the use of high-resolution measurements of absorption lines of the oxygen A band located between 0.763 and 0.773 [micro]m as a way of deriving information on cloud structure presently unobtainable from other passive measurements. The effects of spatial heterogeneity on reflectances and pathlength distributions are examined for marine stratocumulus cloud fields derived from Landsat data. The results showed that for the marine stratocumulus fields studied, the radiance errors were on the order of 3%-20%, and the spectral radiance ratio (in-band to out-of-band) errors were on the order of 1%-5%. When these errors are too large, the retrieved quantities possess too much error to be useful. The errors due to horizontal transport of photons and subpixel variability are studied independently as a function of spatial scale. Using both the radiance and radiance ratios, a technique was developed that allows the plane-parallel forward model typically used in retrieval schemes to be able to predict when its retrievals are so influenced by spatial heterogeneity that the results are invalid. This ability would represent a significant step forward in the current abilities of passive retrievals, which cannot determine the effect of cloud spatial variability on their retrievals. Lastly, a method was demonstrated that used domain-averaged measurements of absorption formed by reflection along with plane-parallel theory to estimate the distribution of optical depth throughout the domain. The results for the four simulated cloud fields showed this technique to have significant promise in quickly classifying the level of cloud heterogeneity over a large area.

Published
2002

47. Global Climate

Author

Ades, M., additional, Adler, R., additional, Allan, Rob, additional, Allan, R. P., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Argüez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, C., additional, Augustine, J. A., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Barichivich, J., additional, Barnes, J., additional, Beck, H. E., additional, Becker, Andreas, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Berry, David I., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Bock, Olivier., additional, Bosilovich, Michael G., additional, Boucher, Olivier., additional, Buehler, S. A., additional, Carrea, Laura., additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Chouza, F., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, E.-S., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Compo, Gil P., additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Crotwell, A., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, de Eyto, Elvira, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M, additional, VanderSat, B.V., additional, DeGasperi, Curtis L., additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Di Girolamo, Larry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dutton, Geoff S., additional, Duveiller, G., additional, Elkins, James W., additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Frey, Richard A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Garforth, J., additional, Gupta, S. K., additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Brad D., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Heidinger, Andrew K, additional, Hemming, D. L., additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Hüser, I., additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, K., additional, John, Viju, additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Kaiser, J. W., additional, Kelly, S., additional, Khaykin, S., additional, Kidd, R., additional, Kim, Hyungiun, additional, Kipling, Z., additional, Kraemer, B. M., additional, Kratz, D. P., additional, La Fuente, R. S., additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Leblanc, T., additional, Li, Bailing, additional, Loeb, Norman G, additional, Long, Craig S., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, additional, Martens, B., additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, McCabe, M. F., additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Menzel, W. Paul, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Miller, Ben R., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Montzka, Stephen A., additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Myneni, R., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Osborn, Tim J., additional, Park, T., additional, Pasik, A., additional, Paterson, Andrew M., additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., additional, Pétron, G., additional, Phillips, C., additional, Pinty, Bernard, additional, Po-Chedley, S., additional, Polvani, L., additional, Preimesberger, W., additional, Pulkkanen, M., additional, Randel, W. J., additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Ricciardulli, L., additional, Richardson, A. D., additional, Rieger, L., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Roth, Chris, additional, Rozanov, A., additional, Rusak, James A., additional, Rusanovskaya, O., additional, Rutishäuser, T., additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Sawaengphokhai, P., additional, Scanlon, T., additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schladow, S. Geoffey, additional, Schlegel, R. W, additional, Schmid, Martin, Eawag, additional, Selkirk, H. B., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shimaraeva, S. V., additional, Silow, E. A., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smith, C. A., additional, Smith, Sharon L, additional, Soden, B. J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Sparks, T. H., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., additional, Taha, G., additional, Telg, Hagen, additional, Thackeray, S. J., additional, Timofeyev, M. A., additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald J., additional, van der Schalie, Robin, VanderSat B.V., additional, van der SchrierW. Paul, Gerard, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Wang, Ray, additional, Watanabe, Shohei G., additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., additional, Wiese, David, additional, Wilber, Anne C., additional, Wild, Jeanette D., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Woolway, R. Iestyn, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhao, Guanguo, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, and Ziese, Markus, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
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