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Shortly after a healthy default beverage (HDB) law took effect in Hawai‘i, requiring restaurants that serve children’s meals to offer healthy beverages with the meals, the COVID-19 pandemic struck. Efforts to contain the virus resulted in changes to restaurants’ operations and disrupted HDB implementation efforts. Economic repercussions from containment efforts have exacerbated food insecurity, limited access to healthy foods, and created obstacles to chronic disease management. Promoting healthy default options is critical at a time when engaging in healthy behaviors is difficult, but important, to both prevent and manage chronic disease and decrease COVID-19 risk. This commentary discusses COVID-19’s impact on restaurant operations and healthy eating, and the resulting challenges and opportunities for this promising health promotion intervention.

In June 2021, over 200 stakeholders, advocates, and visionaries gathered to launch the Healthy Hawai‘i Strategic Plan 2030 (HHSP), a 10-year strategic plan for improving the health of Hawai‘i residents by preventing and reducing chronic disease and advancing health equity. The HHSP is a guide to enable coordination across common risk factors, program areas, interventions, and strategies for chronic disease prevention and control. Developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which revealed major areas of susceptibility in our health system infrastructure and magnified existing disparities, the HHSP prioritizes health equity and strives to create sustainable change to transform communities, schools, health care and worksites to support the health of the people of Hawai‘i. The HHSP is a living document and partners – present and future – are invited to work together to achieve a healthier future for the people of Hawai‘i.

1. Atlantic salmon populations have declined in recent decades. Many of the threats to the species during its freshwater and coastal residency periods are known, and management approaches are available to mitigate them. The global scale of climate change and altered ocean ecosystems make these threats more difficult to address. 2. Managers need to be aware that promoting strong, healthy, and resilient wild populations migrating from rivers is the optimal approach currently to reduce the impacts of changing ecosystems and low marine survival. We argue that a fundamental strategy should be to ensure that the highest number of wild smolts in the best condition leave from rivers and coastal areas to the ocean. There is great scope for water quality, river regulation, migration barriers, and physical river habitat improvements. 3. Maintenance of genetic integrity and diversity of wild populations by eliminating interbreeding with escaped farmed salmon, eliminating poorly planned stocking, and reducing impacts that reduce population sizes to dangerously low levels will support the ability of Atlantic salmon to adapt to changing environments. Reducing the impacts from aquaculture and other human activities in coastal areas can greatly increase marine survival in affected areas. 4. As most of the threats to wild salmon are the result of human activities, a focus on human dimensions and improved communication, from scientific and management perspectives, needs to be increasingly emphasized. When political and social will are coupled with adequate resources, managers often have the tools to mitigate many of the threats to wild salmon. aquaculture, catchment management, climate change, conservation evaluation, fish, habitat management, hydropower, ocean, river

Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for infants, including short- and longterm health benefits for baby and mother. Maternity care practices supporting breastfeeding after delivery increase the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding. This study explores trends in early infant feeding practices by maternal race and other characteristics in Hawai‘i. Data from a linked 2008–2015 Hawai‘i Newborn Metabolic Screening and Birth Certificate file for 128 399 singleton term infants were analyzed. Early infant feeding occurring 24–48 hours after delivery and before discharge was categorized: Early formula feeding; early mixed feeding; and early exclusive breastfeeding. Differences were assessed over time by maternal race and other socio-demographic characteristics. Further assessment of maternal race included a generalized logit model adjusting for maternal age, marital status, county of residence, type of birth attendant, and birth year. Statewide, early exclusive breastfeeding increased from 58.8% in 2008 to 79.1% in 2015 (relative increase=+35%); early mixed feeding declined from 31.1% to 16.0% (relative decrease=−49%) and early formula feeding declined from 10.1% to 4.9% (relative decrease=−51%). Most maternal race subgroups experienced increases in early exclusive breastfeeding and decreases in mixed and formula. Japanese mothers were 2.15 (95%CI=1.90–2.42) and Korean mothers were 1.73 (95%CI=1.37–2.18) times more likely to practice early exclusive breastfeeding compared with white mothers. Several subgroups were less likely to practice early exclusive breastfeeding compared with white mothers. Substantial increases in early exclusive breastfeeding in Hawai‘i occurred across all subgroups. Development of culturally appropriate hospital practices, particularly in those with persistently lower estimates, could help improve early exclusive breastfeeding.

Wayfinding signs can support active transportation by guiding pedestrians and bicyclists onto safer routes to community destinations. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of pedestrians and bicyclists related to a community-wide wayfinding signage project implemented in Kailua, a suburban community in Hawai‘i and an increasingly popular tourist destination. Wayfinding signs consisted of standard bicycle route confirmation and decision signs showing direction or distance to popular community destinations, including beaches and parks. Intercept surveys (n = 244) were conducted immediately and five months after the wayfinding signs were installed. Overall, 50.5% of pedestrians and 63.3% of bicyclists reported seeing a wayfinding sign along their route. Among those who saw a sign, 41.9% reported that it helped with route decision making. Logistic regression models revealed that those walking and bicycling the route for the first time had higher odds of seeing a wayfinding sign [OR (95% CI): 2.59 (1.07–6.27)]. Being a bicyclist, female, and non-resident were significantly associated with using a wayfinding sign. One-third (33.1%) of surveyed community residents agreed that seeing the wayfinding signs encouraged them to walk or bicycle more often in their community. Lastly, the majority of residents (82.6%) and non-residents (86.5%) thought the wayfinding signs were beneficial to the community. These evaluation findings indicate that wayfinding signs are useful environmental supports for active transportation, especially for those who are traveling along new routes. Additional programs or promotional activities are needed to complement wayfinding signage interventions to further encourage walking and bicycling trips.

The Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs [44] are an ambitious step towards sustainable development, taking a much broader view of sustainability than ever achieved previously, yet practical challenges remain, including how to implement change. The aims of this research were to determine how an influential aquaculture company in Australia - Tassal, Tasmania's largest salmon aquaculture company - perceived the SDGs, and to ascertain the motivations and barriers for Tassal to work towards implementing the goals. Interviews were conducted with leaders, employees and external business partners. Tassal was not aware of the SDGs prior to this project, but were open to considering implementing them in their current sustainability practices. The survey responses were analysed using the Values-Rules-Knowledge (vrk) framework of decision making. Key findings were: 1) corporate and personal values were the key component driving Tassal's positive responses to the SDGs; 2) awareness of the SDGs resulted in Tassal recognising the potential gains from engaging with some of the seemingly less aquaculture-related goals (such as health and wellbeing). These findings demonstrate that businesses can fruitfully engage with the SDGs, even without government requirements or societal expectations, if they are prepared to broaden their interpretation of business sustainability and be reflective about their values. The vrk model is a potentially useful addition to current SDG and sustainability tools, such as those of the UN Global Compact, as a way to diagnose organisational barriers to adopting practices aligned with the SDGs. An emerging area of importance to social, economic and environmental sustainability – social license – was also identified as implicit in many, but not explicit in any of the SDGs.

Kommunikationstrekanten bygger på Peirces triadiske tegn og afspejler en semiotisk og narrativ tilgang til kommunikation.

Whites gatekeepermodel sætter fokus på begrebet gatekeeper og den magt, der ligger i denne position.

Coordinated management of meaning er en kommunikationsteori, der sætter fokus på, hvordan individer skaber og koordinerer mening i netværk af forskellige kontekster.

Peirce udviklede det triadiske tegn, som består af objekt, repræsentamen og interpretant. Tegnet sætter fokus på, hvad betydning er, og hvordan betydning skabes.

This illuminating Handbook presents the state-of-the-art in the scientific field of experience economy studies. It offers a rich and varied collection of contributions that discuss different issues of crucial importance for our understanding of the experience economy. Each chapter reflects diverse scientific viewpoints from disciplines including management, mainstream economics and sociology to provide a comprehensive overview.

This article presents and discusses a conceptual understanding of consumer experiences as multirelational. Based on consumer research, tourism research, and the being-in-the-world ontology, we propose a multirelational approach using four core concepts wherein consumers are situated ontologically in and across (a) time, (b) context, (c) body, and (d) interaction. We explore and propose how this multirelational approach can be applied to research by discussing the conceptual and practical consequences of this approach for understanding tourists’ dynamic experiences and meaning. Consequently, the article presents an alternative approach that contributes to a broader understanding of consumer experience within tourism. This approach is illustrated with examples from consumer experiences in the arctic Svalbard.

Background: Breastfeeding is the optimal method for infant feeding. In the United States, 81.1% of mothers initiate breastfeeding; however, only 44.4% and 22.3% of mothers are exclusively breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Research aim: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides guidance and funding to state health departments to support strategies to improve breastfeeding policies and practices in the hospital, community, and worksite settings. In 2010, the Hawaii State Department of Health received support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to launch the Baby-Friendly Hawaii Project (BFHP) to increase the number of Hawaii hospitals that provide maternity care consistent with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and increase the rate of women who remain exclusively breastfeeding throughout their hospital stay. Methods: For this article, we examined the BFHP’s final evaluation report and Hawaii breastfeeding and maternity care data to identify the role of the BFHP in facilitating improvements in maternity care practices and breastfeeding rates. Results: Since 2010, 52 hospital site visits, 58 trainings, and ongoing technical assistance were administered, and more than 750 staff and health professionals from BFHP hospitals were trained. Hawaii’s overall quality composite Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care score increased from 65 (out of 100) in 2009 to 76 in 2011 and 80 in 2013, and Newborn Screening Data showed an increase in statewide exclusive breastfeeding from 59.7% in 2009 to 77.0% in 2014. Conclusion: Implementation and findings from the BFHP can inform future planning at the state and federal levels on maternity care practices that can improve breastfeeding.

Questions: How does draining affect the composition of vegetation? Are certain functional groups favoured? Can soil parameters explain these differences? Location: Central Faroe Islands, treeless islands in the northern boreal vegetation zone. Since 1987, an area of 21 km2 at 100–200 m a.s.l. was drained in order to provide water for hydro-electric production. Method: Vegetation and soil of a drained area and a control, undrained neighbouring area of approximately the same size were sampled in 2007. Six sites were sampled in each area. The vegetation was classified with cluster analysis. Results: Four plant communities were defined in the area: Calluna vulgaris–Empetrum nigrum–Vaccinium myrtillus heath, Scirpus cespitosus–Eriophorum angustifolium blanket mire, Carex bigelowii–Racomitrium lanuginosum moss-heath, Narthecium ossifragum–Carex panacea mire. Heath was more extensively distributed within, and was the dominant community of the drained area, whereas moss-heath was more extensive in the undrained area. Blanket mire and mire had approximately the same distribution in both areas. For the blanket mire, species composition indicated drier conditions in the drained than in the undrained area. The drained area had higher frequencies of woody species and lichens, grasses had finer roots and available soil phosphate was considerably higher, whereas the undrained area had higher frequencies of grasses and sedges. Conclusion: The dominant plant communities were different in the two areas, which indicated that the blanket mire was drying in the drained area. Higher concentration of soil phosphate in the drained area also indicated increased decomposition of organic soils owing to desiccation.

Data from the International Biological Programme (IBP) and subsequent studies have been re-analysed to test the two hypotheses which previously have been suggested concerning the zooplankton in the mountain lake, Ovre Heimdalsvatn: (1) the average temperature in June, more than other summer months, is affecting the growth rate and population densities of zooplankton in the lake, (2) the invasion of the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) has caused changes in the zooplankton community. The analyses have demonstrated that the June temperature strongly affects the growth rate of all the zooplankton species, but that there is no relationship with the population maxima. The species composition in the crustacean zooplankton has not changed between 1969 and 1999, and any direct impact of the minnows on the zooplankton community could not be detected. Indirectly, the minnows may have reduced the density of invertebrate predators, and thus caused an increase in juvenile survival and increased summer maximum density of Bosmina longispina. The variation in density of the copepod, Cyclops scutifer, was correlated with the density of Heterocope saliens, most likely the result of predator–prey interactions.

Many studies have evaluated why male mammals form social groups; few however have investigated how these groups are formed and maintained. We observed behavioral interactions of 15 male river otters (Lontra canadensis) captured in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, and held in captivity for 10 mo. Because the otters were captured in various areas and differed in age and relatedness, we were able to test how kinship and age influenced social interactions. We also explored how kinship, age and social interactions in captivity related to geographic spacing after the otters were released back in PWS. In 284 h of observations, the otters exhibited more positive than negative interactions. Social network models indicated that in the early stage of captivity, there were more links among individuals than in the late stage. In the late-stage period, older animals that had higher testosterone levels exhibited increased social distance and lower information centrality (a network connectivity metric). Social distance was not related to genetic distance, nor did it relate directly to age, although both social distance and age were correlated with post-release geographic distance. Thus, the formation of male groups in coastal river otters is largely influenced by familiarity and past experience, rather than kinship. The maintenance of groups, especially during the mating season, is a function of reproductive status and age, with older animals withdrawing from the social network during that time. What other phenotypic characters may contribute to the formation and maintenance of river otter groups merit future exploration.

In noninvasive genetic sampling, when genotyping error rates are high and recapture rates are low, misidentification of individuals can lead to overestimation of population size. Thus, estimating genotyping errors is imperative. Nonetheless, conducting multiple polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) at multiple loci is time-consuming and costly. To address the controversy regarding the minimum number of PCRs required for obtaining a consensus genotype, we compared consumer-style the performance of two genotyping protocols (multiple-tubes and 'comparative method') in respect to genotyping success and error rates. Our results from 48 faecal samples of river otters (Lontra canadensis) collected in Wyoming in 2003, and from blood samples of five captive river otters amplified with four different primers, suggest that use of the comparative genotyping protocol can minimize the number of PCRs per locus. For all but five samples at one locus, the same consensus genotypes were reached with fewer PCRs and with reduced error rates with this protocol compared to the multiple-tubes method. This finding is reassuring because genotyping errors can occur at relatively high rates even in tissues such as blood and hair. In addition, we found that loci that amplify readily and yield consensus genotypes, may still exhibit high error rates (7-32%) and that amplification with different primers resulted in different types and rates of error. Thus, assigning a genotype based on a single PCR for several loci could result in misidentification of individuals. We recommend that programs designed to statistically assign consensus genotypes should be modified to allow the different treatment of heterozygotes and homozygotes intrinsic to the comparative method.

En corporate film kan ses som organisationens autoritative tekst kommunikeret i en enkelt digital fortælling. I denne artikel belyses corporate film som genre fra henholdsvis kommunikationsdirektørens, forskerens, det kreative bureau og filmskaberens side.

Frequent checks of live traps require enormous amounts of labor and add human scents associated with repeated monitoring, which may reduce capture efficiency. To reduce efforts and increase efficiency, we developed a trap-signaling device with long-distance reception, durability in adverse weather, and ease of transport, deployment, and use. Modifications from previous designs include a normally open magnetic switch and a mounting configuration to maximize reception. The system weighed

(1997). History of acidification and restoration of the fauna in Lake Nordre Boksjo. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 760-764.

The Treatment Institution at Herstedvester in Denmark is a penal institution under the Department of Prisons and Probation. For decades the institution has treated violent sex offenders and has obtained considerable experience and special knowledge within this field. Until 1970 surgical castration was the treatment of choice in several cases. Thereafter and until 1989 the treatment of sexual offenders has been based on more or less intensive psychotherapy. However, we found that a subgroup of sex offenders stayed dangerous in spite of having received psychotherapy. Since 1989 we have therefore treated this group with antihormonal medicine. Medical castration constitutes no cure per se. Furthermore medical castration is a serious encroachment on the individual. It is therefore necessary to combine medical castration with psychotherapy.

In noninvasive genetic sampling, when genotyping error rates are high and recapture rates are low, misidentification of individuals can lead to overestimation of population size. Thus, estimating genotyping errors is imperative. Nonetheless, conducting multiple polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) at multiple loci is time-consuming and costly. To address the controversy regarding the minimum number of PCRs required for obtaining a consensus genotype, we compared consumer-style the performance of two genotyping protocols (multiple-tubes and 'comparative method') in respect to genotyping success and error rates. Our results from 48 faecal samples of river otters (Lontra canadensis) collected in Wyoming in 2003, and from blood samples of five captive river otters amplified with four different primers, suggest that use of the comparative genotyping protocol can minimize the number of PCRs per locus. For all but five samples at one locus, the same consensus genotypes were reached with fewer PCRs and with reduced error rates with this protocol compared to the multiple-tubes method. This finding is reassuring because genotyping errors can occur at relatively high rates even in tissues such as blood and hair. In addition, we found that loci that amplify readily and yield consensus genotypes, may still exhibit high error rates (7-32%) and that amplification with different primers resulted in different types and rates of error. Thus, assigning a genotype based on a single PCR for several loci could result in misidentification of individuals. We recommend that programs designed to statistically assign consensus genotypes should be modified to allow the different treatment of heterozygotes and homozygotes intrinsic to the comparative method.

Background:Policy changes were needed to reshape the built environment for active transportation.Methods:Using the social ecological model as a framework, the Healthy Hawaii Initiative worked with a contractor to develop a series of meetings, planning sessions, and workshops. Activities spanned 22 months between 2007 and 2009, and involved multiple stakeholders, including educational outreach for legislators and collaborative planning sessions with advocates.Results:Ultimately, with the help of the contractor to initiate the process, Complete Streets and Safe Routes to School (SRTS) legislation were introduced January 2009. Advocacy groups monitored bill progress, testified at hearings, and assisted in rewording the bills. The SRTS statute required the Department of Transportation (DOT) to administer the federal SRTS funds and the complete streets law tasked the state and county DOTs to adopt complete streets policies and review existing highway design standards and guidelines. Both bills were signed into law June 2009.Conclusions:Focusing efforts at multiple levels of the social ecological model involving champions and key stakeholders led to the successful passage of legislation supporting active transportation. Tracking policy implementation and evaluation over time will help determine actual impact on active transportation behaviors across Hawaii.

Exposure to organophosphorus (OP) agents can lead to learning and memory deficits. Disruption of axonal transport has been proposed as a possible explanation. Microtubules are an essential component of axonal transport. In vitro studies have demonstrated that OP agents react with tubulin and disrupt the structure of microtubules. Our goal was to determine whether in vivo exposure affects microtubule structure. One group of mice was treated daily for 14 days with a dose of chlorpyrifos that did not significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Beta-tubulin from the brains of these mice was diethoxyphosphorylated on tyrosine 281 in peptide GSQQY(281)RALTVPELTQQMFDSK. A second group of mice was treated with a single sublethal dose of chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO). Microtubules and cosedimenting proteins from the brains of these mice were visualized by atomic force microscopy nanoimaging and by Coomassie blue staining of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis bands. Proteins in gel slices were identified by mass spectrometry. Nanoimaging showed that microtubules from control mice were decorated with many proteins, whereas microtubules from CPO-treated mice had fewer associated proteins, a result confirmed by mass spectrometry of proteins extracted from gel slices. The dimensions of microtubules from CPO-treated mice (height 8.7 +/- 3.1 nm and width 36.5 +/- 15.5 nm) were about 60% of those from control mice (height 13.6 +/- 3.6 nm and width 64.8 +/- 15.9 nm). A third group of mice was treated with six sublethal doses of CPO over 50.15 h. Mass spectrometry identified diethoxyphosphorylated serine 338 in peptide NS(338)NFVEWIPNNVK of beta-tubulin. In conclusion, microtubules from mice exposed to chlorpyrifos or to CPO have covalently modified amino acids and abnormal structure, suggesting disruption of microtubule function. Covalent binding of CPO to tubulin and to tubulin-associated proteins is a potential mechanism of neurotoxicity.

Å kunne gjøre rede for de objektive kjennemerkene til normativ diskusjon har tradisjonelt vært en utfordring for ikke-kognitivister. Gibbard mener han, med sin norm-ekspressivitiske analyse av normative termer kan gi en slik redegjørelse. Å dømme normativt er å uttrykke sin aksept fo normer som tillater det, hevder Gibbard. Normative dommer er ikke følelser eller disposisjoner til følelser, mener Gibbard; men omhandler hvilke følelser, tanker eller handlinger som er «rasjonelle» i betydningen «passende»: «A judgment is normative, (...) if on analysis, the judgment includes the simple, non-natural concept of warrant», skriver Gibbard. Ideen er altså å gi en ekspressivistisk redegjørelse for rasjonalitesdommer. Å kalle noe rasjonelt er å uttrykke sin aksept for normer som tillater det, skriver Gibbard: det er å uttrykke en kompleks sinnstilstand som består i å akseptere normer. Sinnstilstanden skal gjøres rede for psykologisk med hjelp av de redskapene som evolusjonsteori gir oss tilgang på. Normer er, som et resultat av våre koordineringsbehov, motivasjons-ladede, argumenterer Gibbard: å akseptere en norm innebærer å handle, tenke eller føle i tråd med den. Samtidig er normer diskursive av natur og egner seg for resonnering: å akseptere normer innebærer å være disponert til å også akseptere det som følger fra dem, skriver Gibbard. Dette gir oss de redskapene vi trenger for å gjøre rede for de objektive kjennetegnene til normativ diskusjon, mener Gibbard. Jeg argumenterer i oppgaven for at Gibbard ikke kan løse det såkalte Frege-Geach problemet ved hjelp av disse redskapene. Problemet omhandler ett av de av de objektive kjennetegnene til normativ diskurs: det faktum at normative utsagn inngår i komplekse logiske sammenhenger som om de skulle kognitive. Setningen «det er galt å lyve» har den samme meningen uavhengig av om den står alene eller inngår som antesendent i «hvis det er galt å lyve så er det galt å få lillebroren sin til å lyve». Det må være sånn fordi vi ved hjelp av modus ponens kan slutte til «det er galt å få lillebroren sin til å lyve» fra de to overnevnte setningene uten å begå en feilslutning. Problemet er at det ikke ser ut som om noe er uttrykt i den relevante betydningen av ordet når «det er galt å lyve» fungerer som antesendenten i den nevnte kondisjonalen. Dermed kan det se ut som om meningen til den normative setningen likevel ikke kan gis ved en ekspressivistisk analyse. Gibbard presenterer i Wise Choices, Apt Feelings en løsning på dette problemet. Det synes å oppstå en del problemer for løsningen hans, problemer Gibbard i Thinking How to Live forsøker å løse ved hjelp av en omfattende omstrukturering av den opprinnelige teorien. Jeg forsøker i oppgaven å klargjøre både hva problemene og de forskjellige løsningen går ut på.

The number of older adults with HIV is increasing. The authors conducted a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of selected comorbidities that may affect the delivery of oral health care to this population.The authors reviewed the charts of 162 patients with HIV who were 50 years or older who had sought dental treatment from 2000 through 2006. The authors abstracted patients' self-reported clinical comorbidities and laboratory-verified HIV-related and hematologic values.A total of 88.8 percent of the study subjects had at least one comorbidity. Comorbidity prevalence was 44.4 percent for hepatitis C virus, 41.4 percent for hypertension, 16.7 percent for psychiatric disorders, 16.1 percent for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 15.4 percent for anemia and 14.8 percent for heart disease. Significantly more subjects with a CD4+ cell count of less than 200 per cubic millimeter were anemic compared with subjects with counts of 200/mm(3) or more.HIV-positive patients 50 years or older have a broad range of comorbidities that may affect the provision of oral health care.Whether these patients have clinically severe or less well-controlled comorbidities that may require modification of oral health care treatment remains to be determined.

Despite the long history of Feral Cats Felis catus in Hawai?i, there has been little research to provide strategies to improve control programmes and reduce depredation on endangered species. Our objective was to develop a predictive model to determine how landscape features on Mauna Kea, such as habitat, elevation, and proximity to roads, may affect the number of Feral Cats captured at each trap. We used log-link generalized linear models and QAICc model ranking criteria to determine the effect of these factors. We found that the number of cats captured per trap was related to effort, habitat type, and whether traps were located on the West or North Slope of Mauna Kea. We recommend an adaptive management strategy to minimize trapping interference by non-target Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus with toxicants, to focus trapping efforts in Mamane Sophora chrysophylla habitat on the West slope of Mauna Kea, and to cluster traps near others that have previously captured multiple cats.

Population genetics can provide information about the demographics and dynamics of invasive species that is beneficial for developing effective control strategies. We studied the population genetics of feral cats on Hawai‘i Island by microsatellite analysis to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure, assess gene flow and connectivity among three populations, identify potential source populations, characterise population dynamics, and evaluate sex-biased dispersal. High genetic diversity, low structure, and high number of migrants per generation supported high gene flow that was not limited spatially. Migration rates revealed that most migration occurred out of West Mauna Kea. Effective population size estimates indicated increasing cat populations despite control efforts. Despite high gene flow, relatedness estimates declined significantly with increased geographic distance and Bayesian assignment tests revealed the presence of three population clusters. Genetic structure and relatedness estimates indicated male-biased dispersal, primarily from Mauna Kea, suggesting that this population should be targeted for control. However, recolonisation seems likely, given the great dispersal ability that may not be inhibited by barriers such as lava flows. Genetic monitoring will be necessary to assess the effectiveness of future control efforts. Management of other invasive species may benefit by employing these population genetic tools.

We documented the diet of feral cats by analysing the contents of 42 digestive tracts from Kilauea and Mauna Loa In Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Small mammals, invertebrates, and birds were the most common prey types consumed by feral cats. Birds occurred in 27.8?29.2% of digestive tracts. The total number of bird, small mammal, and invertebrate prey differed between Kilauea and Mauna Loa. On Mauna Loa, significantly more (89%) feral cats consumed small mammals, primarily rodents, than on Kilauea Volcano (50%). Mice (Mus musculus) were the major component of the feral cat diet on Mauna Loa, whereas Orthoptera were the major component of the diet on Kilauea. We recovered a mandible set, feathers, and bones of an endangered Hawaiian Petrel (Plerodroma sandwichensis) from a digestive tract from Mauna Loa. This specimen represents the first well-documented endangered seabird to be recovered from the digestive tract of a feral cat in Hawai'i and suggests that feral cats prey on this species.

Grunig og Hunts modeller handler om forholdet mellem afsender og modtager, som kan være symmetrisk eller asymmetrisk. Modellerne afspejler den historiske udvikling indenfor public relations.

Kommunikation er med til at skabe vores sociale verdener - og er dermed essentiel i forhold til at skabe virksomhedens image udadtil og den organisatoriske virkeligehd indadtil. Bogen tager udgangspunkt i en semiotisk og narrativ tilgang til kommunikation, hvor organisationen konstant (gen-)skabes genenm interaktioner mellem ledere og medarbejdere og mellem organisation og omverden. Identitet er et nøgleberegb i denne forståelse. Historier hjælper os med at skabe mening og er derfor vigtige som organisationsudviklings- og positioneringsværktøj.