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Lifelong learning has become an important keyword in international research and studies because of its increasing impact on educational policies globally. One of the important goals of education systems worldwide is lifelong learning. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is in the form of extracting data from Adler's books, the second category of resources related to the Paidia curriculum. The method of data analysis was classification and interpretation, which was done simultaneously with data collection. In this descriptive-analytical study, Mortimer Adler's educational thinking has been analyzed in the context of Paideia, and the relationship between public education and continuous learning has been examined. According to the research findings, according to Adler, the public education curriculum underpins lifelong learning, and after school education, any failure in lifelong learning constitutes a failure in public education, while continuing learning. It can improve the health of students in adulthood. On the other hand, vocational education has no place in the Paideia curriculum. If, in the light of the critique of the plan, a stronger foundation for lifelong learning can be hoped for, given the place of work and profession in the field of public education. It is recommended that in future research, researchers compare Adler's perspective on continuous learning with other thinkers. One of the most important limitations of the current research was the lack of access to schools that were designed based on the Paidia program. Another suggestion for future research is to examine the schools that have been established based on the Paidia program and study the continuous learning process in them.

The purpose of this article is to describe Ibn Sina and Ghazali's philosophical views on soul and body on the one hand and to express their views on physical movements on the other hand in order to explain the relationship between their philosophical views on games and physical exercises related to body and soul. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The research findings showed that despite the differences in the philosophical thought of Ibn Sina and Ghazali, in the field of proofs of the soul and the body, there is a similarity between these two thinkers and the relationship between the soul and the body is two-ways. With physical activity in the game, there is an effect on the soul and vice versa. In fact, whenever playing and exercising are done in proportion and the body is active, then the soul will also have fun, and this is based on the effect that the body has on the soul. According to the theory of two thinkers, such a conclusion is that games and physical exercises recreate energy and rejuvenates the body and soul.

Recently, the existence of at least two weak solutions for a Kirchhoff–type problem has been studied in [M. Makvand Chaharlang and A. Razani, Two weak solutions for some Kirchhoff-type problem with Neumann boundary condition, Georgian Math. J. 28 2021, 3, 429–438]. Here, the existence of infinitely many solutions for nonlocal Kirchhoff-type systems including Dirichlet boundary conditions in Orlicz–Sobolev spaces is studied by using variational methods and critical point theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, for the first time, the nanoparticle (NP) of Fe2O3@glutamine (C5H10N2O3) was synthesized to improve the Fe2O3 properties in absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) using the base fluid of hydrous N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution (50 wt%), as a physically powerful CO2 absorbent. To do this, several nano-NMP solutions, in different weight percentages of NPs, were first prepared. Then, in a batch setup, the nano-NMP solutions were directly exposed to CO2 gaseous (at the pressures of 20, 30, and 40 bar) to clarify the effects of the mass percentage of NPs and initial pressure on CO2 absorption. Results clearly illustrated that Fe2O3 nanofluid was not stable more than 0.025 wt%. However, Fe2O3@glutamine nanofluid was stable approximately two times more than Fe2O3 nanofluid due to the presence of glutamine as a hydrophilic agent in the structure of Fe2O3@glutamine. Moreover, in comparison to the base fluid (NMP solution), although Fe2O3 increased CO2 absorption up to 9.14%, Fe2O3@glutamine NPs caused the CO2 absorption to increase up to 19.41%, which can be determined as the chemical reactions of two amino groups in the glutamine structure with CO2 and also higher stability of Fe2O3@glutamine NPs compared to bare Fe2O3 NPs. To achieve accurate results, all the mentioned experiments were repeated 5 times. The performance of Fe2O3 and Fe2O3@glutamine NPs after the fifth trial reduced by less than 3.5%, which reveals that the synthesized NPs had almost stable efficiency throughout their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluates the suitability of ultrasound pretreatment in n‐hexane solvent as well as enzymatic treatment with cellulase enzyme to extract oil from peanut seed powders. To optimize this process, the effects of ultrasonic time (0–70 min), cellulase enzyme concentration (0–2%) and pH (4–5.5) are investigated on peanut oil extraction yield (EY) as well as the quality attributes of the extracted oil containing total phenolic content (TPC), peroxide value (PV), and color parameters of L, a, and b using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum condition of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction using n‐hexane solvent (UAEE) is found as ultrasonic pretreatment time of 33.23 min, cellulase concentration of 1.47%, and pH of 4.61 before incubation process at temperature of 56 °C for 120 min. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) represented considerable interspaces, holes, and porous structure of peanut meal after optimal UAEE treatment compared to that after shaking incubation extraction using n‐hexane solvent (SIE). It is found that the peanut oil extracted by optimal UAEE treatment had considerable high levels of L color parameter and TPC and significantly more EY and b color parameters than those extracted by SIE, ultrasound‐assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (UAAEE), and aqueous shaking incubation extraction (ASIE) treatments. Practical Applications: This paper describes an innovative oil extraction method of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic process using n‐hexane solvent. This new extraction technique makes it possible to increase the extraction yield, total phenolic content, and yellowness of extracted peanut oil. The results illustrated that ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction using n‐hexane solvent method was a far more efficient extracting technique than the individual shaking incubation extraction using n‐hexane solvent, ultrasound‐ assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction and aqueous shaking incubation extraction treatments and would be a promising alternative for conventional oil extraction techniques. Comparison of two treatments of optimal ultrasound‐enzymatic extraction and individual shaking incubation extraction of oil from peanut seed powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the best-known methods of in situ stress measurement at great depths. In the last two decades, this method has been used as an important tool for pre-excavation designing of large projects, e.g., hydroelectric power plants, tunnels, mines, waste disposal galleries, etc. In this paper, some methods of stress calculation in fractured and intact rocks by means of hydraulic fracturing test are described, and the in situ stress states of Aras hydropower project and Roudbar Lorestan pumped-storage project are determined afterwards. The hydraulic fracturing (HF) and hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures (HTPF) tests were carried out in four vertical boreholes at shallow depth (100-190 m) at Aras and two vertical boreholes at almost great depth (440-520 m) at Roudbar Lorestan. The in situ stress magnitudes and orientations are calculated by classical and inversion methods in HF method (great depths) and by differential evolution and Gauss-Newton algorithms in HTPF method (shallow depths). The results of stress measurements illustrate that differential evolution provides better solutions than Gauss-Newton method. It is also demonstrated that the maximum horizontal stress orientation falls in southeast quarter which is in good agreement with the reports published from focal mechanism analysis and the direction of existing faults in Aras Project but deviates from world stress map data in the Rudbar site where it is influenced by the local joints and fractures in the test zone. Eventually, it should be mentioned that the ratio of horizontal to vertical stresses is significantly affected by topography and geology of the test areas. However, this ratio decreases as the depth increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the issues regarding introducing new radiocompounds in nuclear medicine are the distribution patterns, delivered dose to different organs, diagnostic abilities and side effects. In this study, in order to assess the biodistribution of 64 Cu-DOX-loaded microcapsules, rats were IV-injected with the microcapsules, and 1, 4, 14, and 24 h later, the activities of the targeted organs were measured (%ID/g). The accumulated activities were achieved by %ID/g curves, and S-factors were obtained by MCNP outputs. The MIRD formulation and Monte Carlo method were used to determine the absorbed dose in the target organs. The biodistribution data and PET-CT images showed that the lungs were where the majority of activity was seen. According to MIRD and MCNP, the maximum dose delivered in the lungs was 5.79E+01 mGy/MBq and 4.70E+01 mGy/MBq, respectively. Also, the effective dose was 1.2E+01 for MIRD and 8.31E+00 mSv/MBq for MCNP. These results indicate that 64 Cu-DOX microcapsules can be considered a new radiocompound in pulmonary imaging, and MCNP simulation can be a reliable method for internal dosimetry., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The purpose of this study is dose evaluation induced by Auger electrons emitted from 119 Sb in a tumor and surrounding healthy tissues. Dose evaluation was done by using the MCNP6 code in the tumor and healthy tissue (in thyroid follicles) and the calculated absorbed dose was significant. Most of the Auger electron energy emitted from 119 Sb deposits in the decay position, so the effectiveness of Auger electrons should not be ignored also an accurate target therapy can be planned by them., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)