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1. Climatic conditions and landscape diversity predict plant–bee interactions and pollen deposition in bee‐pollinated plants.

Author

Sydenham, Markus A. K., Dupont, Yoko L., Nielsen, Anders, Olesen, Jens M., Madsen, Henning B., Skrindo, Astrid B., Rasmussen, Claus, Nowell, Megan S., Venter, Zander S., Hegland, Stein Joar, Helle, Anders G., Skoog, Daniel I. J., Torvanger, Marianne S., Hanevik, Kaj‐Andreas, Hinderaker, Sven Emil, Paulsen, Thorstein, Eldegard, Katrine, Reitan, Trond, and Rusch, Graciela M.

Subjects
POLLEN, POLLINATION by insects, FLOWERING of plants, LOTUS corniculatus, PLANT diversity
Abstract

Climate change, landscape homogenization, and the decline of beneficial insects threaten pollination services to wild plants and crops. Understanding how pollination potential (i.e. the capacity of ecosystems to support pollination of plants) is affected by climate change and landscape homogenization is fundamental for our ability to predict how such anthropogenic stressors affect plant biodiversity. Models of pollinator potential are improved when based on pairwise plant–pollinator interactions and pollinator's plant preferences. However, whether the sum of predicted pairwise interactions with a plant within a habitat (a proxy for pollination potential) relates to pollen deposition on flowering plants has not yet been investigated. We sampled plant–bee interactions in 68 Scandinavian plant communities in landscapes of varying land‐cover heterogeneity along a latitudinal temperature gradient of 4–8°C, and estimated pollen deposition as the number of pollen grains on flowers of the bee‐pollinated plants Lotus corniculatus and Vicia cracca. We show that plant–bee interactions, and the pollination potential for these bee‐pollinated plants increase with landscape diversity, annual mean temperature, and plant abundance, and decrease with distances to sand‐dominated soils. Furthermore, the pollen deposition in flowers increased with the predicted pollination potential, which was driven by landscape diversity and plant abundance. Our study illustrates that the pollination potential, and thus pollen deposition, for wild plants can be mapped based on spatial models of plant–bee interactions that incorporate pollinator‐specific plant preferences. Maps of pollination potential can be used to guide conservation and restoration planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020

Author

Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rech, André Rodrigo, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, de Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Díaz, Sara Straffon, Lander, Tonya, Mayr, Antonia V., Katzer, Sophie, Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, William Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Geiger, Anya Goncalves, Carvell, Claire, Wallace, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine C.R., Arnold, Sarah E.J., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chri, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, De Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya Allen, Mayr, Antonia V., Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Lui, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Wallace, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine, and Arnold, Sarah E. J.

Subjects
C181 Biodiversity, hummingbirds, nature in cities, species interactions, Ecology, flowers, Biology and Life Sciences, Plant Science, bees, flowers, hummingbirds, insects, pollination, species interactions, C340 Entomology, Ecology and Environment, urban ecology, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, bees, gardens, pollinators, C180 Ecology, insects, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

During the main COVID-19 global pandemic lockdown period of 2020 an impromptu set of pollination ecologists came together via social media and personal contacts to carry out standardised surveys of the flower visits and plants in gardens. The surveys involved 67 rural, suburban and urban gardens, of various sizes, ranging from 61.18° North in Norway to 37.96° South in Australia, resulting in a data set of 25,174 rows, with each row being a unique interaction record for that date/site/plant species, and comprising almost 47,000 visits to flowers, as well as records of flowers that were not visited by pollinators, for over 1,000 species and varieties belonging to more than 460 genera and 96 plant families. The more than 650 species of flower visitors belong to 12 orders of invertebrates and four of vertebrates. In this first publication from the project, we present a brief description of the data and make it freely available for any researchers to use in the future, the only restriction being that they cite this paper in the first instance. The data generated from these global surveys will provide scientific evidence to help us understand the role that private gardens (in urban, rural and suburban areas) can play in conserving insect pollinators and identify management actions to enhance their potential.

Published
2022
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11. Impacts of climate change on the boreal forest ecosystem. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

Author

Kausrud, Kyrre Linné, Vandvik, Vigdis, Flø, Daniel, Geange, Sonya Rita, Hegland, Stein Joar, Hermansen, Jo Skeie, Hole, Lars Robert, Ims, Rolf Anker, Kauserud, Håvard, Kirkendall, Lawrence Richard, Nordén, Jenni, Nybakken, Line, Ohlson, Mikael, Skarpaas, Olav, Wendell, Micael, de Boer, Hugo, Eldegard, Katrine, Hindar, Kjetil, Järnegren, Johanna, Måren, Inger Elisabeth, Nielsen, Anders, Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland, Rueness, Eli Knispel, Thorstad, Eva Bonsak, and Velle, Gaute

Subjects
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, VDP::Agriculture and fisheries science: 900::Agricultural sciences: 910::Forestry: 915, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470, VDP::Landbruks- og fiskerifag: 900::Landbruksfag: 910::Skogbruk: 915, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Basic biosciences: 470
Abstract

Source at https://vkm.no/

Published
2022

12. Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, de Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya, Mayr, Antonia V., Katzer, Sophie, Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine C.R., Arnold, Sarah E.J., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, de Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya, Mayr, Antonia V., Katzer, Sophie, Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine C.R., and Arnold, Sarah E.J.

Abstract

During the main COVID-19 global pandemic lockdown period of 2020 an impromptu set of pollination ecologists came together via social media and personal contacts to carry out standardised surveys of the flower visits and plants in gardens. The surveys involved 67 rural, suburban and urban gardens, of various sizes, ranging from 61.18° North in Norway to 37.96° South in Australia, resulting in a data set of 25,174 rows, with each row being a unique interaction record for that date/site/plant species, and comprising almost 47,000 visits to flowers, as well as records of flowers that were not visited by pollinators, for over 1,000 species and varieties belonging to more than 460 genera and 96 plant families. The more than 650 species of flower visitors belong to 12 orders of invertebrates and four of vertebrates. In this first publication from the project, we present a brief description of the data and make it freely available for any researchers to use in the future, the only restriction being that they cite this paper in the first instance. The data generated from these global surveys will provide scientific evidence to help us understand the role that private gardens (in urban, rural and suburban areas) can play in conserving insect pollinators and identify management actions to enhance their potential.

Published
2022

13. Forslag til utvikling av masterprogram i Environmental management (anvendt miljøvitenskap) ved Høgskulen på Vestlandet

Author

Hegland, Stein Joar, Vik, Marte Lange, Scheiber, Thomas, Gillespie, Mette Kusk, Rydgren, Knut, Paetzel, Matthias, Rygg, Bente Johnsen, Wierling, August, and Nilsen, Marianne

Subjects
planlegging, landskapsplanlegging med landskapsarkitektur, geologi med geofare, klimaendringar, studieprogram, fornybar energi, fagleg utvikling, miljøvitskap, arealbruk, master
Published
2022

18. MetaComNet: A random forest‐based framework for making spatial predictions of plant–pollinator interactions

Author

Sydenham, Markus A. K., primary, Venter, Zander S., additional, Reitan, Trond, additional, Rasmussen, Claus, additional, Skrindo, Astrid B., additional, Skoog, Daniel I. J., additional, Hanevik, Kaj‐Andreas, additional, Hegland, Stein Joar, additional, Dupont, Yoko L., additional, Nielsen, Anders, additional, Chipperfield, Joseph, additional, and Rusch, Graciela M., additional

Published
2021
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23. The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx)

Author

Halbritter, Aud H., De Boeck, Hans J., Eycott, Amy E., Reinsch, Sabine, Robinson, David A., Vicca, Sara, Berauer, Bernd, Christiansen, Casper T., Estiarte, Marc, Grunzweig, Jose M., Gya, Ragnhild, Hansen, Karin, Jentsch, Anke, Lee, Hanna, Linder, Sune, Marshall, John, Penuelas, Josep, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen, Wilfahrt, Peter, Vandvik, Vigdis, Abrantes, Nelson, Almagro, Maria, Althuizen, Inge H. J., Barrio, Isabel C., te Beest, Mariska, Beier, Claus, Beil, Ilka, Berry, Z. Carter, Birkemoe, Tone, Bjerke, Jarle W., Blonder, Benjamin, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Bohrer, Gil, Campos, Isabel, Cernusak, Lucas A., Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Cosby, Bernhard J., Dickman, Lee T., Djukic, Ika, Filella, Iolanda, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, Gillespie, Mark A. K., Goldsmith, Gregory R., Gough, Christopher, Halliday, Fletcher W., Hegland, Stein Joar, Hoch, Guenter, Holub, Petr, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnson, Daniel M., Jones, Scott B., Kardol, Paul, Keizer, Jan J., Klem, Karel, Konestabo, Heidi S., Kreyling, Juergen, Kroel-Dulay, Gyorgy, Landhausser, Simon M., Larsen, Klaus S., Leblans, Niki, Lebron, Inma, Lehmann, Marco M., Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lenz, Armando, Linstaedter, Anja, Llusia, Joan, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Malyshev, Andrey, V, Mand, Pille, Marshall, Miles, Matheny, Ashley M., McDowell, Nate, Meier, Ina C., Meinzer, Frederick C., Michaletz, Sean T., Miller, Megan L., Muffler, Lena, Oravec, Michal, Ostonen, Ivika, Porcar-Castell, Albert, Preece, Catherine, Prentice, Iain C., Radujkovic, Dajana, Ravolainen, Virve, Ribbons, Relena, Ruppert, Jan C., Sack, Lawren, Sardans, Jordi, Schindlbacher, Andreas, Scoffoni, Christine, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Smart, Simon, Smith, Stuart W., Soper, Fiona, Speed, James D. M., Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne, Sydenham, Markus A. K., Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Telford, Richard J., Tielboerger, Katja, Topper, Joachim P., Urban, Otmar, van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Langenhove, Leandro, Vecerova, Kristyna, Ven, Arne, Verbruggen, Erik, Vik, Unni, Weigel, Robert, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Wood, Lauren K., Zinnert, Julie, Zurba, Kamal, Halbritter, Aud H., De Boeck, Hans J., Eycott, Amy E., Reinsch, Sabine, Robinson, David A., Vicca, Sara, Berauer, Bernd, Christiansen, Casper T., Estiarte, Marc, Grunzweig, Jose M., Gya, Ragnhild, Hansen, Karin, Jentsch, Anke, Lee, Hanna, Linder, Sune, Marshall, John, Penuelas, Josep, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen, Wilfahrt, Peter, Vandvik, Vigdis, Abrantes, Nelson, Almagro, Maria, Althuizen, Inge H. J., Barrio, Isabel C., te Beest, Mariska, Beier, Claus, Beil, Ilka, Berry, Z. Carter, Birkemoe, Tone, Bjerke, Jarle W., Blonder, Benjamin, Blume-Werry, Gesche, Bohrer, Gil, Campos, Isabel, Cernusak, Lucas A., Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Cosby, Bernhard J., Dickman, Lee T., Djukic, Ika, Filella, Iolanda, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, Gillespie, Mark A. K., Goldsmith, Gregory R., Gough, Christopher, Halliday, Fletcher W., Hegland, Stein Joar, Hoch, Guenter, Holub, Petr, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnson, Daniel M., Jones, Scott B., Kardol, Paul, Keizer, Jan J., Klem, Karel, Konestabo, Heidi S., Kreyling, Juergen, Kroel-Dulay, Gyorgy, Landhausser, Simon M., Larsen, Klaus S., Leblans, Niki, Lebron, Inma, Lehmann, Marco M., Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lenz, Armando, Linstaedter, Anja, Llusia, Joan, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Malyshev, Andrey, V, Mand, Pille, Marshall, Miles, Matheny, Ashley M., McDowell, Nate, Meier, Ina C., Meinzer, Frederick C., Michaletz, Sean T., Miller, Megan L., Muffler, Lena, Oravec, Michal, Ostonen, Ivika, Porcar-Castell, Albert, Preece, Catherine, Prentice, Iain C., Radujkovic, Dajana, Ravolainen, Virve, Ribbons, Relena, Ruppert, Jan C., Sack, Lawren, Sardans, Jordi, Schindlbacher, Andreas, Scoffoni, Christine, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Smart, Simon, Smith, Stuart W., Soper, Fiona, Speed, James D. M., Sverdrup-Thygeson, Anne, Sydenham, Markus A. K., Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Telford, Richard J., Tielboerger, Katja, Topper, Joachim P., Urban, Otmar, van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Langenhove, Leandro, Vecerova, Kristyna, Ven, Arne, Verbruggen, Erik, Vik, Unni, Weigel, Robert, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Wood, Lauren K., Zinnert, Julie, and Zurba, Kamal

Abstract

Climate change is a world-wide threat to biodiversity and ecosystem structure, functioning and services. To understand the underlying drivers and mechanisms, and to predict the consequences for nature and people, we urgently need better understanding of the direction and magnitude of climate change impacts across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. An increasing number of climate change studies are creating new opportunities for meaningful and high-quality generalizations and improved process understanding. However, significant challenges exist related to data availability and/or compatibility across studies, compromising opportunities for data re-use, synthesis and upscaling. Many of these challenges relate to a lack of an established 'best practice' for measuring key impacts and responses. This restrains our current understanding of complex processes and mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems related to climate change. To overcome these challenges, we collected best-practice methods emerging from major ecological research networks and experiments, as synthesized by 115 experts from across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Our handbook contains guidance on the selection of response variables for different purposes, protocols for standardized measurements of 66 such response variables and advice on data management. Specifically, we recommend a minimum subset of variables that should be collected in all climate change studies to allow data re-use and synthesis, and give guidance on additional variables critical for different types of synthesis and upscaling. The goal of this community effort is to facilitate awareness of the importance and broader application of standardized methods to promote data re-use, availability, compatibility and transparency. We envision improved research practices that will increase returns on investments in individual research projects, facilitate second-order research outputs and create opportunities for collaboration across scientif

Published
2020

26. MetaComNet: A random forest‐based framework for making spatial predictions of plant–pollinator interactions.

Author

Sydenham, Markus A. K., Venter, Zander S., Reitan, Trond, Rasmussen, Claus, Skrindo, Astrid B., Skoog, Daniel I. J., Hanevik, Kaj‐Andreas, Hegland, Stein Joar, Dupont, Yoko L., Nielsen, Anders, Chipperfield, Joseph, and Rusch, Graciela M.

Subjects
POLLINATION, POLLINATORS, RANDOM forest algorithms, SPECIES diversity, HONEY plants, PLANT species, WILD plants
Abstract

Predicting plant–pollinator interaction networks over space and time will improve our understanding of how environmental change is likely to impact the functioning of ecosystems. Here we propose a framework for producing spatially explicit predictions of the occurrence and number of pairwise plant–pollinator interactions and of the species richness, diversity and abundance of pollinators visiting flowers. We call the framework 'MetaComNet' because it aims to link metacommunity dynamics to the assembly of ecological networks.To illustrate the MetaComNet functionality, we used a dataset on bee–flower networks sampled at 16 sites in southeast Norway along with random forest models to predict bee–flower interactions. We included variables associated with climatic conditions (elevation) and habitat availability within a 250 m radius of each site. Regional commonness, site‐specific distance to conspecifics, social guild and floral preference were included as bee traits. Each plant species was assigned a score reflecting its site‐specific abundance, and four scores reflecting the bee species that the plant family is known to attract. We used leave‐one‐out cross‐validations to assess the models' ability to predict pairwise plant–bee interactions across the landscape.The relationship between observed occurrence or absence of interactions and the predicted probability of interactions was nearly proportional (GLMlogistic regression slope = 1.09), matching the data well (AUC = 0.88), and explained 30% of the variation. Predicted probability of interactions was also correlated with the number of observed pairwise interactions (r = 0.32). The sum of predicted probabilities of bee–flower interactions were positively correlated with observed species richness (r = 0.50), diversity (r = 0.48) and abundance (r = 0.42) of wild bees interacting with plant species within sites.Our findings show that the MetaComNet framework can be a useful approach for making spatially explicit predictions and mapping plant–pollinator interactions. Such predictions have the potential to identify areas where the pollination potential for wild plants is particularly high, and where conservation action should be directed to preserve this ecosystem function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. Call to restrict neonicotinoids

Author

Goulson, Dave, Sills, Jennifer, Frey, Hans, Tzinieris, Sarah, Colin, Marc, Edouard, Marchand, Patrice, A., Bastian, Suzanne, Richard, Freddie, Jeanne, Early, Ralph, Herrick, Sarah, Arlettaz, Raphaël, Wubs, E., R.J., Sitters, Judith, Seidl, Irmi, Potthast, Thomas, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Bücking, Elisabeth, Vittoz, Pascal, Lundgren, Jonathan, G., Stöcklin, Jürg, Guisan, Antoine, Hufty, Marc, Moretti, Marco, Aragno, Michel, Forney, Jeremie, Todorov, Milcho, Todorov, Gilbert, Daniel, Geisen, Stefan, Lara, Enrique, Seppey, Christophe, V.W., Kudryavtsev, Alexander, Theurillat, Jean, Paul, Wilkinson, David, M., Leadbeater, Elli, Glauser, Gaetan, Koenig, Isabelle, Hedenec, Petr, Portier, Christopher, J., Stamati, Polyxeni, Nicolopoulou, Elwood, Bob, Nielsen, Anders, Nascimento, Fábio, Wickson, Fern, Chittka, Lars, Yela, José, Luis, Boykett, Tim, von Weizsäcker, Ernst, Ulrich, Silva, Margarida, Armitage, Sophie, Mertens, Martha, Rembiałkowska, Ewa, Swaegers, Janne, Rosslenbroich, Bernd, Rolff, Jens, Bøhn, Thomas, Geiger, Matthias, F., Radek, Renate, Fritz, Jürgen, Vallianatos, Evaggelos, Fraser, Gail, Børsen, Tom, Kollek, Regine, Loening, Ulrich, Liess, Matthias, Schaefer, Ralf, B., Idel, Anita, Loske, Reinhard, Fischer, Doreen, Antoniou, Michael, Wynne, Brian, Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar, von Fragstein und Niemsdorff, Peter, Vogtmann, Hartmut, Schröder, Winfried, Wägele, J., Wolfgang, Kratz, Werner, Rudolf, Bamberger, Axel, Valentina, Cebotari, Bohlen, Patrick, J., Gordon, Rachel, Wyckhuys, Kris, Amrine, James, Wesley, Cornelisse, Tara, Marquez, Emily, Miles, Albie, Novotny, Eva, Hayden, Nancy, Müller, Eduard, Boulton, April, Wilson, Allison, K., Abernathy, Rella, Callahan, Richard, A., Verzeñassi, Damián, Doebel, Hartmut, Garcia-Gonzalez, Jaime, E., Graham, Charles, Edward, dos Santos, Charles, Fernando, Rodriguez-Cervantes, Silvia, Marino, Damián, J., DiBartolomeis, Michael, J., Hughes, Bill, Måren, Inger, Elisabeth, Lovett, Peter, Yates, Barry, Mineau, Pierre, Alton, Karin, Collins, Terrence, J., Heller, Richard, Scott, Dentan, Robert, Knox, Regal, Philip, J., Raptis, Leda, Wright, Angela, J., Clark, E., Ann, Prof., Nicolas, J., Watts, Meriel, Almeida Sousa, Ana, Catarina, Fyfe, Lorna, Siddique, Ilyas, Blum, Astrid, Juliette, Hambrey, John, Olarieta, José, Ramón, Beckwith, Robaire, Perret-Clermont, Anne, Nelly, Krogmann, Lars, de Vere, Natasha, Seidler, Ramon, Fagan, John, Lambeets, Kevin, Frankie, Gordon, Smith, Janet, E., Seneff, Stephanie, Vandame, Rémy, Hornig, Mady, Davis, Chandler, Anderson, Molly, D., Kenan, William, R., Latham, Jonathan, Weiss, Will, Knapp, Jennifer, Enríquez, Eunice, Raucq, Philippe, Porter, Siobhán, Kelly, Ruth, Hegland, Stein, Joar, Reynolds, James, H., Worthington, Andrea, Petersson, Wilhelm, Rees, Alan, Kozuharova, Ekaterina, Gibbons, David, W., Lucero, Raymundo, M., Oruç, Hasan, Hüseyin, Riede, Klaus, Hendrickson, O., Sultan, Pr, Charles, Safer, Anton, Downs, Craig, A., Hoppe, Peter, P., Tapparo, Andrea, Belzunces, Luc, Janairo, Jose Isagani, B., Chen, Yun, Ru, van Lexmond, Maarten, F.I.J.Bijleveld, Cave, Ronald, D., Michaud, J., P., Weissling, Thomas, J., Ratcliffe, Brett, Woodcock, Ben, Ellis, Marion, Kiljanek, Tomasz, Buckley, Lizette, Garrigue, Claire, González-Ortega, Emmanuel, Noymer, Andrew, Mesnage, Robin, Reumer, Jelle, Whitehorn, Penelope, Donley, Nathan, Strange, Philip, Duncan, Elizabeth, Warren, Martin, Tennekes, Henk, A., Krischik, Vera, Brandt, Annely, Manclus, Juan, J., Pavlaki, Maria, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Pettigrove, Vincent, van der Sluijs, Jeroen, P., Aebi, Alexandre, López, Javier, Hernández, Mitchell, Edward, A.D., Bushmann, Sara, L., Tison, Léa, Kegley, Susan, E., Nugegoda, Dayanthi, Morrissey, Christy, Lima, Maria, Augusta, Morton, Eugene, S., Porrini, Claudio, Daza, Antonieta, Baer, Boris, Codling, Garry, Lu, Chensheng, Marrero, Hugo, Javier, Teixeira, Erica, Weinstein, Schneider, Marcela, Inés, Kent, Clement, F., Monaghan, Kieran, Sadd, Ben, Li, Hongliang, Zaccagnini, Maria, Elena, Delaplane, Keith, S., Fellow, Walter, B.Hill, Brodeur, Julie, Celine, Al Naggar, Yahya, Rosa-Fontana, Annelise, Pestana, João Luis, Teixeira, Tooker, John, F., Menzel, Randolf, Zimmermann, Jesko, Botías, Cristina, Montoya-Baides, Angel, Beaurepaire, Alexis, Varó, Inmaculada, Connolly, Christopher, N., Ollerton, Jeff, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Marchand, Patrice, Giorio, Chiara, Bonmatin, Jean-Marc, Yang, En, Cheng, Nicholls, Elizabeth, Callaghan, Carolyn, Kerr, Jeremy., School of life sciences, and University of Sussex

Subjects
Insecticides, Insecta, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neurotoxins, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Insect Control, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias Biológicas, Toxicology, Neonicotinoids, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Animals, Call to restrict neonicotinoids, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Pest control, Biodiversity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Conservación de la Biodiversidad
Abstract

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world . They are applied to a broad range of food, energy, and ornamental crops, and used in domestic pest control. Because they are neorotoxins, they are higyly toxic to insects , a group of organisms that contains the majority of the described life on Earth, and wich includes numerous species of vital importance to humans such as pollinators and predators of pets... Fil: Frey, Hans. Geothermal Electricity Generation; Australia Fil: Tzinieris, Sarah. King's College; Reino Unido Fil: Colin, Marc Edouard. Universidad de Aix-Marsella; Francia Fil: Marchand, Patrice. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Bastian, Suzanne. University of Brittany-Loire; Francia Fil: Richard, Freddie Jeanne. Université de Poitiers; Francia Fil: Early, Ralph. Harper Adams University; Reino Unido Fil: Herrick, Sarah. University of Manchester; Reino Unido Fil: Arlettaz, Raphaël. University of Bern; Suiza Fil: Wubs, E.R.J.. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Países Bajos Fil: Sitters, Judith. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Países Bajos Fil: Seidl, Irmi. Swiss Federal Research Institute; Suiza Fil: Potthast, Thomas. University of Tübingen; Alemania Fil: Karpinska Kolaczek, Monika. University in Poznan; Polonia Fil: Bücking, Elisabeth. Institute for Forestry Research; Alemania Fil: Vittoz, Pascal. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Lundgren, Jonathan G.. Ecdysis Foundation; Estados Unidos Fil: Stöcklin, Jürg. University of Basel; Suiza Fil: Guisan, Antoine. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Hufty, Marc. Graduate Institute; Suiza Fil: Moretti, Marco. Swiss Federal Research Institute; Suiza Fil: Aragno, Michel. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Forney, Jeremie. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Todorov, Milcho Todorov. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Bulgaria Fil: Gilbert, Daniel. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Geisen, Stefan. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Países Bajos Fil: Lara, Enrique. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Real Jardín Botánico; España Fil: Seppey, Christophe V.W.. University of Tromsø; Noruega Fil: Kudryavtsev, Alexander. Saint Petersburg State University; Rusia Fil: Theurillat, Jean-Paul. Universidad de Ginebra; Suiza Fil: Wilkinson, David M.. University of Lincoln; Estados Unidos Fil: Leadbeater, Elli. University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Glauser, Gaetan. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Koenig, Isabelle. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Hedenec, Petr. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Portier, Christopher J.. Maastricht University; Países Bajos Fil: Stamati, Polyxeni Nicolopoulou. University of Athens; Grecia Fil: Elwood, Bob. The Queens University of Belfast; Irlanda Fil: Nielsen, Anders. University of Oslo; Noruega Fil: Nascimento, Fábio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Wickson, Fern. GenØk Centre for Biosafety; Noruega Fil: Chittka, Lars. University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Yela, José Luis. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; España Fil: Boykett, Tim. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; Austria Fil: von Weizsäcker, Ernst Ulrich. University of Freiburg; Alemania Fil: Silva, Margarida. Universidade Católica Portuguesa; Portugal Fil: Armitage, Sophie. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Mertens, Martha. Institute for Biodiversity; Alemania Fil: Rembialkowska, Ewa. Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Polonia Fil: Swaegers, Janne. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Rosslenbroich, Bernd. University of Witten/Herdecke; Alemania Fil: Rolff, Jens. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Bøhn, Thomas. GenØk Centre for Biosafety; Noruega Fil: Geiger, Matthias F.. Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz; Alemania Fil: Radek, Renate. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Fritz, Jürgen. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Vallianatos, Evaggelos. United States Environmental Protection Agency; Estados Unidos Fil: Fraser, Gail. York University; Canadá Fil: Børsen, Tom. Aalborg University; Dinamarca Fil: Kollek, Regine. Universitat Hamburg; Alemania Fil: Loening, Ulrich. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Liess, Matthias. Centro Helmholtz de Investigación Ambiental; Alemania Fil: Schaefer, Ralf B.. Universitat Koblenz; Alemania Fil: Idel, Anita. Mediation And Project Management Agrobiodiversity; Fil: Loske, Reinhard. Witten/Herdecke University; Alemania Fil: Fischer, Doreen. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Antoniou, Michael. King’s College London; Reino Unido Fil: Wynne, Brian. University of Lancaster; Reino Unido Fil: Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar. Universidad de Murcia; España Fil: von Fragstein und Niemsdorff, Peter. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Vogtmann, Hartmut. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Schröder, Winfried. University of Vechta; Alemania Fil: Wägele, J. Wolfgang. Leibniz Institute of Animal Biodiversity Research; Alemania Fil: Kratz, Werner Rudolf. Universität zu Berlin; Alemania Fil: Bamberger, Axel. Ceres International Project; Portugal Fil: Cebotari, Valentina. Academy of Sciences of Moldova; Moldavia Fil: Bohlen, Patrick J.. University of Central Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Gordon, Rachel. Fil: Wyckhuys, Kris. Independent Research Entomologist; Vietnam Fil: Amrine, James Wesley. West Virginia University; Estados Unidos Fil: Cornelisse, Tara. Canisius College; Estados Unidos Fil: Marquez, Emily. Pesticide Action Network North America; Estados Unidos Fil: Miles, Albie. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Novotny, Eva. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos Fil: Hayden, Nancy. University of Vermont; Estados Unidos Fil: Müller, Eduard. University for International Cooperation; Costa Rica Fil: Boulton, April. Hood College; Estados Unidos Fil: Wilson, Allison K.. The Bioscience Resource Project; Fil: Abernathy, Rella. Planning, Housing and Sustainability Department; Estados Unidos Fil: Callahan, Richard A.. Advanced Hardware Architectures; Estados Unidos Fil: Verzeñassi, Damian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Doebel, Hartmut. The George Washington University; Estados Unidos Fil: Garcia-Gonzalez, Jaime-E.. Universidad Estatal a Distancia; Costa Rica Fil: Graham, Charles Edward. University of the Highlands and Islands; Reino Unido Fil: dos Santos, Charles Fernando. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Rodriguez-Cervantes, Silvia. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa Rica Fil: Marino, Damian Jose Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: DiBartolomeis, Michael J.. Toxicology Research International; Estados Unidos Fil: Hughes, Bill. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Måren, Inger Elisabeth. University of Bergen; Noruega Fil: Lovett, Peter. Form International; Países Bajos Fil: Yates, Barry. Sussex Wildlife Trust; Reino Unido Fil: Mineau, Pierre. Carleton University; Canadá Fil: Alton, Karin. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Collins, Terrence J.. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados Unidos Fil: Heller, Richard Scott. Fil: Dentan, Robert Knox. State University of New York at Buffalo; Estados Unidos Fil: Regal, Philip J.. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Raptis, Leda. Queens University; Canadá Fil: Wright, Angela J.. Compassion in World Farming; España Fil: Clark, E. Ann. University of Guelph; Canadá Fil: Verecken, Nicolas J.. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Watts, Meriel. Fil: Almeida Sousa, Ana Catarina. Centro Nacional de Investigación Científica; Francia Fil: Fyfe, Lorna. Queen Margaret University; Reino Unido Fil: Siddique, Ilyas. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Blum, Astrid Juliette. Ceres International Project; Portugal Fil: Hambrey, John. Hambrey Consulting; Canadá Fil: Safer, Anton. University of Heidelberg; Alemania Fil: Olarieta, José Ramón. Universidad de Lleida; España Fil: Beckwith, Robaire. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos Fil: Perret-Clermont, Anne-Nelly. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Krogmann, Lars. Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History; Alemania Fil: de Vere, Natasha. National Botanic Garden of Wales; Reino Unido Fil: Seidler, Ramon. United State Environmental Protection Agency; Estados Unidos Fil: Fagan, John. Maharishi University of Management; Estados Unidos Fil: Lambeets, Kevin. Natuurpunt Beheer; Bélgica Fil: Gordon, Frankie. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Smith, Janet E.. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Seneff, Stephanie. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Vandame, Rémy. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; México Fil: Hornig, Mady. Columbia University; Estados Unidos Fil: Davis, Chandler. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Anderson, Molly D.. Middlebury College; Estados Unidos Fil: Kenan, William R.. Middlebury College; Estados Unidos Fil: Latham, Jonathan. The Bioscience Resource Project; Fil: Weiss, Will. Valencia College; Estados Unidos Fil: Knapp, Jennifer. University of Bristol; Reino Unido Fil: Enríquez, Eunice. San Carlos University of Guatemala; Guatemala Fil: Raucq, Philippe. WPConsulting; México Fil: Porter, Siobhán. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute; Reino Unido Fil: Kelly, Ruth. Trinity College Dublin; Reino Unido Fil: Hegland, Stein Joar. Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Noruega Fil: Reynolds, James H.. Brevard College; Estados Unidos Fil: Worthington, Andrea. Siena College; Estados Unidos Fil: Petersson, Wilhelm. Fil: Rees, Alan. University of Exeter; Reino Unido Fil: Kozuharova, Ekaterina. Medical University Of Sofia; Bulgaria Fil: Gibbons, David W.. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Reino Unido Fil: Lucero, Raymundo M.. University of the Philippines; Filipinas Fil: Oruç, Hasan Hüseyin. University of Uludag; Turquía Fil: Riede, Klaus. Global Register Of Migratory Species; Fil: Hendrickson, O.. Biodiversity Conservancy International; Canadá Fil: Sultan, Pr. Charles. University Hospital of Montpellier; Alemania Fil: Safer, Anton. University of Heidelberg; Alemania Fil: Downs, Craig A.. Haereticus Environmental Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Hoppe, Peter P.. University of Nairobi; Kenia Fil: Tapparo, Andrea. Università di Padova; Italia Fil: Belzunces, Luc. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Janairo, Jose Isagani B.. De La Salle University; Filipinas Fil: Chen, Yun-Ru. National Taiwan University; China Fil: van Lexmond, Maarten F.I.J. Bijleveld. Chairman Task Force On Systemic Pesticides; Fil: Cave, Ronald D.. University of Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Michaud, J.P.. Kansas State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Weissling, Thomas J.. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Ratcliffe, Brett. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Woodcock, Ben. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Ellis, Marion. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Kiljanek, Tomasz. National Veterinary Research Institute; Polonia Fil: Buckley, Lizette. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Garrigue, Claire. Inland Revenue Department; Nueva Zelanda Fil: González-Ortega, Emmanuel. National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change; Suiza Fil: Noymer, Andrew. University of California at Irvine; Estados Unidos Fil: Mesnage, Robin. King's College; Reino Unido Fil: Reumer, Jelle. Utrecht University; Países Bajos Fil: Whitehorn, Penelope. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Alemania Fil: Donley, Nathan. Center for Biological Diversity. Environmental Health Program; Estados Unidos Fil: Strange, Philip. University of Reading; Reino Unido Fil: Duncan, Elizabeth. University of Leeds; Reino Unido Fil: Warren, Martin. Butterfly Conservation Europe; Países Bajos Fil: Tennekes, Henk A.. Experimental Toxicology Services; Países Bajos Fil: Krischik, Vera. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Brandt, Annely. Bee Institute Kirchhain; Alemania Fil: Manclus, Juan J.. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; España Fil: Pavlaki, Maria. University of Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Bartomeus, Ignasi. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Biológica de Doñana; España Fil: Pettigrove, Vincent. University of Melbourne; Australia Fil: van der Sluijs, Jeroen P.. University of Bergen; Noruega. University of Utrecht; Países Bajos Fil: Aebi, Alexandre. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: López, Javier Hernández. University of Graz; Australia Fil: Mitchell, Edward A. D.. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Bushmann, Sara L.. George Stevens Academy; Estados Unidos Fil: Tison, Léa. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Kegley, Susan E.. Pesticide Research Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Nugegoda, Dayanthi. University of Melbourne; Australia Fil: Morrissey, Christy. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá Fil: Lima, Maria Augusta. Universidad Federal de Viçosa; Brasil Fil: Morton, Eugene S.. National Zoological Park; India Fil: Porrini, Claudio. Universidad de Bologna; Italia Fil: Daza Millone, Maria Antonieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentina Fil: Baer, Boris. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Codling, Garry. Masaryk University; República Checa Fil: Lu, Chensheng. Chan School of Public Health; Estados Unidos Fil: Marrero, Hugo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina Fil: Teixeira, Erica Weinstein. Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios; Brasil Fil: Schneider, Marcela Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Kent, Clement F.. York University; Canadá Fil: Monaghan, Kieran. Universidade de Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Sadd, Ben. Illinois State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Li, Hongliang. China Jiliang University; China Fil: Zaccagnini, María Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Delaplane, Keith S.. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Fellow, Walter B. Hill. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Brodeur, Celine Marie Julie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Al Naggar, Yahya. Tanta University; Egipto Fil: Rosa-Fontana, Annelise. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Pestana, João Luis Teixeira. University of Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Tooker, John F.. Penn State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Menzel, Randolf. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Zimmermann, Jesko. The University of Dublin; Irlanda Fil: Botías, Cristina. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Montoya-Baides, Angel. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; España Fil: Beaurepaire, Alexis. Inra Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur; Francia Fil: Varó, Inmaculada. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Connolly, Christopher N.. Centre for Environmental Change & Human Resilience; Reino Unido Fil: Ollerton, Jeff. University of Northampton; Reino Unido Fil: Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco. The University Of Sydney; Australia Fil: Marchand, Patrice. l'Institut de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation biologiques; Francia Fil: Giorio, Chiara. Università di Padova; Italia Fil: Jean-Marc, Bonmatin. Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; Francia Fil: Yang, En-Cheng. National Taiwan University; China Fil: Nicholls, Elizabeth. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Callaghan, Carolyn. Canadian Wildlife Federation; Canadá Fil: Kerr, Jeremy. University of Ottawa; Canadá Fil: Goulson, D.. University of Sussex; Reino Unido

Published
2018
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39. The response of Vaccinium myrtillus to variations in grazing intensity in a Scandinavian pine forest on the island of Svanøy.

Author

Hegland, Stein Joar, Rydgren, Knut, and Seldal, Tarald

Subjects
*EFFECT of grazing on plants, *BILBERRY, *GRAZING, *ERICACEAE, *PINACEAE, *DWARF shrubs, *RANGE management
Abstract

The impact on the performance of dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) subjected to differing natural intensities of grazing by Cervus elaphus L. (red deer) was examined in a mature Scandinavian pine forest, on Svanøy, an island on the western coast of Norway. All the study sites were in forest where bilberry dominated the forest floor and no forestry activities had been carried out for several decades. Pellet group counts were used as measure of grazing intensity. Bilberry size, abundance, and fruit set, and invertebrate activity on bilberry were negatively related to grazing intensity. The responses varied between early and late summer (negative or neutral), but impact on plant size was negative throughout the season. Because of the large variation in grazing intensity represented in our study, we can, in contrast to many experimental studies, show that grazing affects the performance of bilberry even at low grazing intensities. The effect on fruit production and invertebrate activity on bilberry indicates that red deer grazing has a negative impact on the population dynamics of the plant and invertebrate herbivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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40. Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020

Author

Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, De Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya Allen, Mayr, Antonia V., Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Wallace, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine, Arnold, Sarah E. J., Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, De Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya Allen, Mayr, Antonia V., Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Wallace, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine, and Arnold, Sarah E. J.

Abstract

During the main COVID-19 global pandemic lockdown period of 2020 an impromptu set of pollination ecologists came together via social media and personal contacts to carry out standardised surveys of the flower visits and plants in gardens. The surveys involved 67 rural, suburban and urban gardens, of various sizes, ranging from 61.18° North in Norway to 37.96° South in Australia, resulting in a data set of 25,174 rows, with each row being a unique interaction record for that date/site/plant species, and comprising almost 47,000 visits to flowers, as well as records of flowers that were not visited by pollinators, for over 1,000 species and varieties belonging to more than 460 genera and 96 plant families. The more than 650 species of flower visitors belong to 12 orders of invertebrates and four of vertebrates. In this first publication from the project, we present a brief description of the data and make it freely available for any researchers to use in the future, the only restriction being that they cite this paper in the first instance. The data generated from these global surveys will provide scientific evidence to help us understand the role that private gardens (in urban, rural and suburban areas) can play in conserving insect pollinators and identify management actions to enhance their potential.

41. Herbivory and climate effects on plant defenses: an ecological and molecular approach

Author

Benevenuto, Rafael Fonseca, Hegland, Stein Joar, Moe, Stein Ragnar, Seldal, Tarald, and Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar

Abstract

Knowledge of plant defense responses and how they interact with biotic (e.g., herbivores) and abiotic (e.g., temperature) factors is of fundamental importance for understanding ecosystem functioning. Increases in temperature can dramatically weaken plant immune systems, and thereby cause elevated herbivory rates. On the other hand, rising temperatures can make plants more alert, and consequently result in investment in more effective defense strategies. Such adaptation can potentially influence plant-animal and plant-plant interactions. The effects of climate change on plant defenses can have particularly strong impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of vulnerable high-latitude systems. The boreal forest is the dominant biome in Fennoscandia (the Scandinavian peninsula and Finland), where bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), a widely distributed dwarf shrub, is considered to be a key food source for many species, and an excellent model organism for ecological studies in the boreal system. The main objective of this thesis is to explore bilberry defense responses through plant-herbivore and plant-plant interactions, as well as investigate how these relationships are affected by environmental variation. To investigate this, we experimentally treated bilberry ramets with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to simulate herbivory and induce plant defenses. Subsequently we observed ecological and molecular responses in relation to growth, reproduction and defense along an elevational gradient in a boreal system in Western Norway. The elevational gradient design mainly reflected variation in temperature and snow cover, and included optimal growing conditions for bilberry (ca. 500 m a.s.l.; mid-montane zone), as well as the plants’ range limits at low (ca. 100 m a.s.l.; submontane zone) and high (ca. 900 m a.s.l.; subalpine zone) altitudes. We observed that MeJA-induced defenses in bilberry plants effectively reduced insect and mammalian herbivory, as well as growth and reproduction across the three years of study. Such findings provide evidence for an effective ecological trade-off between growth/reproduction and defense over multiple seasons. Interestingly, bilberry induced defense systems occurred in a delayed manner, with the strongest effects from one (insect herbivores) to two (mammalian herbivores) years after induction. We also provide evidence of long-term effects on plant-plant communication, indicating that MeJA-induced bilberry plants are “good” neighbors, due to ecological facilitation with conspecifics in the boreal system (Paper I). Subsequently, we reported such a trade-off at transcriptional level, which I termed a ‘genetic trade-off’, highlighting molecular mechanisms underpinning and supporting our previous field observations (Paper II). We found that bilberry defense responses are modulated by the altitudinal variation in climate and herbivory at both molecular and ecological levels. High-altitude plants living under cooler temperatures and limiting resource availability invest more in constitutive defenses, whereas low-altitude plants growing under higher temperatures and herbivory pressure rely strongly on induced defenses (Paper III). Environmental variation along the elevational gradient also affected plant-plant communication. Suboptimal lower (warmer submontane zone) and optimal medium-altitude (mid-montane zones) environments in the boreal system favored the facilitation of defense-induced plants with long distanced conspecifics; as compared to the suboptimal upper elevation (colder subalpine zone) (Paper IV). The greater prominence of this inducible plant defense system at lower altitudes may presage the kinds of change expected in plant-plant communication systems and associated VOC emissions in a warmer world, which will likely feedback to further influence ecological functioning. Such findings support previous observations that under increasingly warmer conditions and higher herbivory pressure, bilberry plants are more responsive to herbivory by strongly relying on induced defenses against future attacks. In this thesis we document that multiannual induced defenses in bilberry plants cause resource allocation from growth and reproduction to defense (trade-off), also seen at gene level, with its strongest effect delayed. We also report that altitudinal variation modulated defense capacity, where plants from warmer low/medium altitudes were more responsive to induced defenses in terms of plant-herbivore and plant-plant interactions. Due to rapid global warming, higher elevations are likely to become the new optimal growing environment for bilberry in the near future. Therefore, if low-altitude plants migrate to higher elevations, they will need to readapt to novel biotic (e.g. less diversity and herbivory pressure) and abiotic (e.g. harsher environment and less resource availability) conditions. Furthermore, abundance of ‘more-defended’ plants in subalpine zones can affect herbivore population dynamics, by limiting cycle amplitude due to higher levels of defense during the growing season. Such a combination of events in response to climate change might catalyze new ecological and co-evolutionary dynamics in the boreal system.

Published
2019

42. Økologiske effekter av hjortebeiting i boreal skog

Author

Lilleeng, Marte Synnøve, Moe, Stein Ragnar, Rydgren, Knut, and Hegland, Stein Joar

Subjects
Beta diversity, Browsing, Cervids, Old growth forest, Vaccinium myrtillus, Cervus elaphus, Understory vegetation, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Grazing, Beetles, Plant-animal interaction, Alpha diversity, Herbivory, Ungulate
Abstract

The populations of wild ungulates are increasing in the northern hemisphere, and in many areas, their populations have developed from critically low to historically high numbers within the last century. There are multiple causes for this increase, which differ between species and areas. In general, however, changing forestry techniques, reduced free-ranging livestock herbivory, and milder climate have increased food plant availability and thereby stimulated the wild ungulate population growth. This, in combination with hunting regulations that favor increased productivity and the reduction or removal of large predators, has been central for the ungulate population growth. Because large herbivores affect their ecosystems via various mechanisms in such as selective feeding on plants, trampling, defecation, and urination, they are considered as potential ecosystem engineers. Hence, the dramatic increase in population densities has become an ecological concern. Populations without substantial natural predation may risk to reach overabundance. Wild ungulates may, however, already have severe impacts on their ecosystem long before reaching overabundance. Knowledge about the ecological role of how different ungulate densities can shape and impact their ecosystems, is therefore central for determining appropriate population management goals, and to prevent irreversible effects on the ecosystem. In Scandinavia, cervids were relatively rare around 1900. In recent decades, the populations have shown an exponential increase in population size. In Norway, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population has increased approximately 150-fold since 1900, and passed the moose (Alces alces) as the most hunted ungulate around 2010. This development has been applauded by hunters, but creates concern among foresters and nature management authorities, regarding forest regeneration, loss of biodiversity, and potential trophic cascades. However, many aspects of how variation in red deer population densities can affect ecological dynamics in the boreal forest remain unclear. The main objective of this thesis was to identify how red deer, and variation in their densities, may structure the boreal forest and affect dynamics, composition and diversity of ecological communities. I investigated how historically high densities of red deer affect the understory plant and insect communities. Such changes can alter food and habitat availability for, for example, forest dwelling birds and mammals, and implies that red deer may induce trophic cascades. I used a long-term, paired exclosure vs. deer-access research design to reach my objectives. The exclosures were established in December 2000 within old-growth pine-bilberry (Pinus sylvestris-Vaccinium myrtillus) forest at the Svanøy island in Western Norway, as part of a long-term research project to assess how red deer affect ecological dynamics in general (the EcoDynDeer project). Specifically, I investigated the role of red deer browsing on the structure, abundance, and diversity of plant (paper I and II) and insect communities (III). In addition, I studied whether red deer may induce trophic cascades by modifying interactions between the key boreal plant, bilberry, and the ecological important insect group of herbivorous Lepidoptera and Symphyta (paper IV). We found that intermediate red deer browsing intensities resulted in the most species rich understory plant communities (Paper I). We found that growth-form determined much of the plants responses to browsing. In general, early succession and prostrate growing species benefited (Paper I), whereas there was a reduction of woody species when exposed to red deer browsing (Paper I & II). This dichotomy between growth forms was reflected in a positive relationship between temporal heterogeneity and red deer browsing, as higher plant species turnover rates occurred at higher browsing intensities (Paper II). Red deer browsing had a homogenizing effect on the spatial distribution of plant species, and thus made the plant communities more similar across sites than would be expected based on the variation in abiotic factors (Paper II). The ground-dwelling beetle community responded differently to red deer browsing compared to plants. The overall beetle species richness did not relate to red deer browsing (Paper III). Although, as for the plants, measured in abundance, there were more beetle species benefitting from red deer browsing than those that decreased (Paper III). The species in disadvantage of browsing were functionally related to plant cover and detritus or arthropod predation (Paper III). Red deer browsing structured the ground-dwelling beetle community. Contrary to the effect on the plant community, red deer browsing increased the ground-dwelling beetle heterogeneity (beta diversity, Paper III). Thus the beetle assemblages showed higher local variation between plots where red deer had access than in exclosures. Finally, we showed that red deer also affected other primary consumers. The abundance of herbivorous larvae was halved by red deer browsing (Paper IV). The main mechanism behind this response appeared to be the removal of biomass (Paper IV). Interestingly, our results also indicated that red deer browsing alters the nutritional quality of shared food plants (Paper IV). The larvae selected the highly browsed bilberry ramets much stronger than ramets subjected to both lower, and extremely heavy, browsing intensity. The reductions in larvae numbers are likely to affect forest vegetation-dwelling bird species of which their reproductive success depends on insect larvae densities. Hence, our results suggest that red deer has the potential for inducing trophic cascades.

Published
2018

43. Effect of mountain biking on red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Kaupanger, Norway

Author

Scholten, Janneke, Moe, Stein Ragnar, and Hegland, Stein Joar

Subjects
avoidance, pellet group counting, Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 [VDP], camera trap, red deer, education, mountain biking, trail, human activities, GLMM
Abstract

Human outdoor activities, like mountain biking, often affect animal behaviour. Ungulates might avoid roads and trails, and increase their avoidance with increasing human activity. Recently, biking on forest trails has increased considerably in Norway, but we still have limited knowledge about how forest biking may affect wildlife. In this study, I used pellet group counts and camera traps to study the effect of biking trails on red deer occurrence in Kaupanger, Norway. Based on pellet group counts, red deer avoided biking trails up to 40 m. The camera trap data showed that there was a tendency of a decreased deer occurrence with increasing human activity (trail width) during the day. Furthermore, males reacted stronger to increasing human activity than females. My findings imply that mountain biking has an effect on red deer. A further increase in biking may result in a higher avoidance and, thus, less suitable habitat for red deer in the forest area. M-ECOL

Published
2016

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