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4. Increasing autonomy in charitable giving: The effect of choosing the number of recipients on donations

Author

Fehérová, M, Heger, S, Péliová, J, Servátka, M, Slonim, R, Fehérová, M, Heger, S, Péliová, J, Servátka, M, and Slonim, R

Abstract

In many contexts people can choose how many charities to help. This paper presents results from a laboratory experiment that varies whether the subjects have a choice in the number of charities to donate to and whether they are given an option to opt out. We find that the choice increases donation frequency, but does not influence donation amounts. If the choice also includes the opt-out option, there is no increase in the donation frequency or amount.

Published
2022

22. The mechanical and thermal setup of the GLORIA spectrometer

Author

Piesch, C., primary, Sartorius, C., additional, Friedl-Vallon, F., additional, Gulde, T., additional, Heger, S., additional, Kretschmer, E., additional, Maucher, G., additional, Nordmeyer, H., additional, Barthel, J., additional, Ebersoldt, A., additional, Graf, F., additional, Hase, F., additional, Kleinert, A., additional, Neubert, T., additional, and Schillings, H. J., additional

Published
2015
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23. Tungsten materials for structural divertor applications

Author

Rieth, M., Armstrong, D., Dafferner, B., Heger, S., Hoffmann, A., Hoffmann, M.D., Jäntsch, U., Kübel, C., Materna-Morris, E., Reiser, J., Rohde, M., Scherer, T., Widak, V., and Zimmermann, H.

Subjects
ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Published
2010

24. Industrial sludge containing pharmaceutical residues and explosives alters inherent toxic properties when co-digested with oat and post-treated in reed beds

Author

Gustavsson, L. K., Heger, S., Ejlertsson, J., Ribé, Veronica, Hollert, H., Keiter, S. H., Gustavsson, L. K., Heger, S., Ejlertsson, J., Ribé, Veronica, Hollert, H., and Keiter, S. H.

Abstract

Background: Methane production as biofuels is a fast and strong growing technique for renewable energy. Substrates like waste (e.g. food, sludge fromwaste water treatment plants (WWTP), industrial wastes) can be used as a suitable resource for methane gas production, but in some cases, with elevated toxicity in the digestion residue. Former investigations have shown that co-digesting of contaminated waste such as sludge together with other substrates can produce a less toxic residue. In addition, wetlands and reed beds demonstrated good results in dewatering and detoxifying of sludge. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the toxicity may alter in industrial sludge co-digested with oat and post-treatment in reed beds. In this study, digestion of sludge from Bjorkborn industrial area in Karlskoga (reactor D6) and co-digestion of the same sludge mixed with oat (reactor D5) and post-treatment in reed beds were investigated in parallel. Methane production as well as changes in cytotoxicity (Microtox(R); ISO 11348-3), genotoxicity (Umu-C assay; ISO/13829) and AhR-mediated toxicity (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay using RTW cells) were measured. Results: The result showed good methane production of industrial sludge (D6) although the digested residue was more toxic than the ingoing material measured using microtox30min and Umu-C. Co-digestion of toxic industrial sludge and oat (D5) showed higher methane production and significantly less toxic sludge residue than reactor D6. Furthermore, dewatering and treatment in reed beds showed low and non-detectable toxicity in reed bed material and outgoing water as well as reduced nutrients. Conclusions: Co-digestion of sludge and oat followed by dewatering and treatment of sludge residue in reed beds can be a sustainable waste management and energy production. We recommend that future studies should involve co-digestion of decontaminated waste mixed with different non-toxic material to find a substrate mixt

Published
2014
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25. Consensus statement on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children

Author

Carel, Jc, Eugster, Ea, Rogol, A, Ghizzoni, Lucia, Palmert, Mr, ESPE LWPES GnRH Analogs Consensus Conference Group, Antoniazzi, F, Berenbaum, S, Bourguignon, Jp, Chrousos, Gp, Coste, J, Deal, S, de Vries, L, Foster, C, Heger, S, Holland, J, Jahnukainen, K, Juul, A, Kaplowitz, P, Lahlou, N, Lee, Mm, Lee, P, Merke, Dp, Neely, Ek, Oostdijk, W, Phillip, M, Rosenfield, Rl, Shulman, D, Styne, D, Tauber, M, Wit, J. M., Diabète de l'enfant et développement ((U 690)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes de la Croissance, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System-Riley Hospital for Children, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Centro per gli Stati Disendocrini e Dismetabolici, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Dr Carel has received grant funding from Ipsen and Takeda, Carel, Jean-Claude, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Virginia, and Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR)

Subjects
MESH: Organ Size, Puberty, Precocious, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, MESH: Hypothyroidism, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Nafarelin, 0302 clinical medicine, Bone Density, MESH: Child, MESH: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Child, MESH: Puberty, Precocious, MESH: Bone Density, MESH: Nafarelin, Organ Size, GnRH analogs, 16. Peace & justice, 3. Good health, MESH: Uterus, Female, Luteinizing hormone, Psychosocial, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, medicine.drug, MESH: Ovary, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Pediatric endocrinology, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, precocious puberty, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Hypothyroidism, 030225 pediatrics, MESH: Body Height, MESH: Luteinizing Hormone, medicine, Humans, Precocious puberty, Gynecology, MESH: Adolescent, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Histrelin, Public health, Ovary, Uterus, Luteinizing Hormone, medicine.disease, Body Height, Family medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, MESH: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

OBJECTIVE. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs revolutionized the treatment of central precocious puberty. However, questions remain regarding their optimal use in central precocious puberty and other conditions. The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology convened a consensus conference to review the clinical use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children and adolescents.PARTICIPANTS. When selecting the 30 participants, consideration was given to equal representation from North America (United States and Canada) and Europe, an equal male/female ratio, and a balanced spectrum of professional seniority and expertise.EVIDENCE. Preference was given to articles written in English with long-term outcome data. The US Public Health grading system was used to grade evidence and rate the strength of conclusions. When evidence was insufficient, conclusions were based on expert opinion.CONSENSUS PROCESS. Participants were put into working groups with assigned topics and specific questions. Written materials were prepared and distributed before the conference, revised on the basis of input during the meeting, and presented to the full assembly for final review. If consensus could not be reached, conclusions were based on majority vote. All participants approved the final statement.CONCLUSIONS. The efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in increasing adult height is undisputed only in early-onset (girls

Published
2009
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36. Trackerless ultrasound-integrated bone cement detection using a modular minirobot in revision total hip replacement.

Author

Heger S, Niggemeyer M, de la Fuente M, Mumme T, Radermacher K, Heger, S, Niggemeyer, M, de la Fuente, M, Mumme, T, and Radermacher, K

Abstract

Medical robots are superior to freehand manipulation if an accurate, precise, and time-efficient implementation of a preplanned intervention is required. In the first part of this contribution a new modular minirobot for automatic ultrasound-based bone cement detection followed by subsequent cement milling in revision total hip replacement is presented. A minirobot integrated ultrasound module eliminates the need for external position tracking (e.g. by an optical system) as well as patient registration since the scanned contours can be directly provided within the robot's coordinate system. Further, the modular minirobot concept allows kinematics, workspace, and mechanical parameters to be easily adapted to the requirements of related or even new surgical applications. In the experimental part, the impact of ultrasound module integration on the implementation of optimized scanning strategies is investigated and evaluated in a laboratory set-up. As wave mode conversion and refraction artefacts due to angular sound incidence influence the detection accuracy, the transducer alignment can be optimized with respect to the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) provided by the minirobot. A model-based scanning approach using two degrees of freedom (2DOFs), three degrees of freedom (3DOFs), and four degrees of freedom (4DOFs) respectively is presented. For automated scanning path calculation, a 2DOF distal-proximal prescan has been performed to estimate the principal components of the cement cavity's geometry using either a model-based or a statistical approach. In a cadaver study, the model-based approach consistently outperformed the statistical approach. The 3DOFs and 4DOFs scanning strategies yielded a significantly higher scanning accuracy if compared with the 2DOFs approach whereas the 3DOFs approach represents a trade-off between system complexity and detection accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

37. Robot- and computer-assisted craniotomy (CRANIO): from active systems to synergistic man-machine interaction.

Author

Cunha-Cruz V, Follmann A, Popovic A, Bast P, Wu T, Heger S, Engelhardt M, Schmieder K, Radermacher K, Cunha-Cruz, V, Follmann, A, Popovic, A, Bast, P, Wu, T, Heger, S, Engelhardt, M, Schmieder, K, and Radermacher, K

Abstract

Computer and robot assistance in craniotomy/craniectomy procedures is intended to increase precision and efficiency of the removal of calvarial tumours, enabling the preoperative design and manufacturing of the corresponding implant. In the framework of the CRANIO project, an active robotic system was developed to automate the milling processes based on a predefined resection planning. This approach allows for a very efficient milling process, but lacks feedback of the intra-operative process to the surgeon. To better integrate the surgeon into the process, a new teleoperated synergistic architecture was designed. This enables the surgeon to realize changes during the procedure and use their human cognitive capabilities. The preoperative planning information is used as guidance for the user interacting with the system through a master-slave architecture. In this article, the CRANIO system is presented together with this new synergistic approach. Experiments have been performed to evaluate the accuracy of the system in active and synergistic modes for the bone milling procedure. The laboratory studies showed the general feasibility of the new concept for the selected medical procedure and determined the accuracy of the system. Although the integration of the surgeon partially reduces the efficiency of the milling process compared with a purely active (automatic) milling, it provides more feedback and flexibility to the user during the intra-operative procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

38. Arbeiten zur Grundcharakterisierung am niedrigaktivierenden Stahl F82H-mod im Vergleich zu OPTIFER

Author

Schirra, M., Adelhelm, C., Graf, P., Heger, S., Kempe, H., Zimmermann, H., Fernandez, M. P., and Lapena, J.

Subjects
ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Abstract

Von japanischer Seite wurde den europäischen Labors Plattenmaterial des niedrigaktivierenden Stahles F82H-mod zur Verfügung gestellt. Vom FZK/IMF werden Untersuchungen zur Grundcharakterisierung durchgeführt, die im Rahmen dieses Berichtes mit den Ergebnissen der europäischen OPTIFER-Versionen verglichen werden. Neben den Kontrollversuchen zur chemischen Zusammensetzung und des Anlieferzustandes wird das Umwandlungs-, Härte- und Anlaßverhalten beschrieben. Die Zugfestigkeitseigenschaften wurden für den Bereich RT bis 700°C und das Kerbschlagzähigkeitsverhalten im Bereich -80° bis +80°C bestimmt. Breiten Raum nehmen die Versuche zum Zeitstandfestigkeits- und Kriechverhalten ein, die im Temperaturbereich 450-700°C z.Zt. den Standzeitbereich bis rd. 15 000 h experimentell abdecken. Auffallend ist die bei einigen Kenngrößen beobachtete große Streubreite der Meßergebnisse, die einen wesentlich breiteren Versuchsumfang als üblich erforderte.

Published
1997
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41. Autorenverzeichnis

Author

Graul-Neumann, L., Horn, D., Hübner, C., Huppke, P., König, R., Majewski, F., Meinecke, P., Pankau, R., Rosenbaum, T., Schnabel, D., Schuelke, M., Spranger, J., Theile, U., Tinschert, S., Wilichowski, E., Wollmann, H.A., Zenker, M., Bartmann, P., Bassler, D., Bührer, C., Flemmer, A.W., Forster, J., Franz, A., Gonser, M., Gortner, L., Groneck, P., Hentschel, R., Herting, E., Hoyme, U.B., Hummler, H., Jandeck, C., Jorch, G., Korinthenberg, R., Liese, J., Maier, R.F., Martius, J., Merkenschlager, A., Poets, C.F., Pohlandt, F., Roll, C., Roos, R., Roth, B., Schneider, K.T.M., Speer, Ch., Stopfkuchen, H., Teichmann, A., Thomas, W., Vetter, K., von der Wense, A., Zielen, S., Assmann, B., Hoffmann, G.F., Kölker, S., Lindner, M., Mönch, E., Santer, R., Spiekerkötter, U., Zschocke, J., Bauer, K., Böhles, H.-J., Sinclair, Jack, Jauch, K.W., Jochum, F., Kauth, Thomas, Koletzko, B., Krawinkel, M., Krohn, K., Mihatsch, Walter, Moß, A., Mühlebach, S., Verwied-Jorky, S., Wabitsch, M., Zimmer, K.-P., Albers, N., L'Allemand, D., Binder, G., Brämswig, J.H., Dörr, H.G., Grüters-Kieslich, A., Hauffa, B.P., Heger, S., Hiort, O., Holl, R., Holterhus, P.M., Köhler, B., Korsch, Eckhard, Kratzsch, J., Krude, H., Mohnike, K., Neu, A., Pfäffle, R., Richter-Unruh, A., Riepe, F.G., Simic-Schleicher, G., Schönau, E., Sinnecker, G., Sippell, W., Willgerodt, H., Wölfle, J., Wudy, S.A., Aygören-Pürsün, E., Bas, M., Baumann, U., Biedermann, T., Blume, J., Buchholz, B., Dückers, G., Dunsch, D., Edelhäuser, M., Ehl, S., Feiterna-Sperling, C., Funk, M., Hartmann, K., Königs, C., Kreuz, W., Krudewig, J., Laws, H.-J., Linde, R., Martinez-Saguer, I., Maurer, M., Nadal, David, Niehues, T., Notheis, G., Ott, H., Schulze, I., Wedi, B., Wintergerst, U., Bürk, G., Foeldvari, I., Frosch, M., Girschick, H., Gerhold, K., Guellac, N., Haas, J.P., Häfner, R., Häuser, W., Heiligenhaus, A., Hospach, T., Horneff, G., Huppertz, H.-I., Illhardt, A., Jansson, A.F., Kallinich, T., Michels, H., Mönkemöller, K., Neudorf, U., Richter, M., Schnöbel-Müller, E., Thon, A., Zernikow, B., Behnisch, W., Cario, H., Dickerhoff, R., Eber, S., Führer, M., Kohne, E., Kulozik, A.E., Kunz, J., Muckenthaler, M., Eberl, W., Gaedicke, G., Muntean, W., Streif, W., Beck, J.D., Berthold, F., Bielack, S., Calaminus, G., Claviez, A., Creutzig, U., Dirksen, U., Dworzak, M., Göbel, U., Graf, N., Grießmeier, B., Henze, G., Hero, B., Jürgens, H., Kaiser, U., Klingebiel, T., Koscielniak, E., Kramm, C., Langer, T., Lawrenz, B., Lehrnbecher, T., Leiss, U., Mentzel, H.-J., Minkov, M., Peitz, J., Placzek, R., Reinhardt, D., Reiter, A., Rutkowski, S., Schmittenbecher, P., Schneider, D.T., Schreiber-Gollwitzer, B.M., Schrappe, M., Schroten, H., Schröder, H.M., Schuster, V., von Schweinitz, D., Sörensen, N., Tallen, G., Timmermann, B., Warmuth-Metz, M., Weckesser, M., Wessel, L., Wirth, T., Wolff, J.E.A., Wößmann, W., Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, A. am, Apitz, C., Arnold, R., Baumgartner, H., Bennink, G., Bertram, H., Blankenburg, M., Bönner, G., von der Breek, J., Breuer, J., Buchhorn, R., Bürsch, J., Cesnjevar, R., Dähnert, I., Deisenhofer, I., Diller, G.-P., Doenst, T., Dubowy, K.-O., Eicken, A., Ewert, P., Fink, C., Franke, J., Gebauer, R., Gorenflo, M., Grabitz, Haas, N.A., Häusler, H.-J., Hager, A., Hebebrand, J., Henschel, W., Hirt, M., Hoeper, M.M., Hörer, J., Hofbeck, M., Horke, A., Hraska, V., Hulpke-Wette, M., šek, J. Janou, Jux, C., Kändler, L., Kandolf, R., Kaulitz, R., Kienast, W., Klaassen, S., Knirsch, W., Kramer, H.H., Kreuder, J.G., Kriebel, T., Läer, S., Laser, K.T., Lê, T.-P., Lewin, M.A.G., Lindinger, A., Mackenzie, C.R., Mebus, S., van der Mei, S.H., Miera, O., Ovroutski, S., Paul, T., Photiadis, J., Pozza, R. Dalla, Rickers, C., Rosendahl, W., Ruschewski, W., Sachweh, J.S., Schäfers, H.-J., Scheewe, J., Schirmer, K.-R., Schlensak, C., Schlez, M., Schmaltz, A.A., Schmitt, K., Schneider, H., Schneider, M.B., Schranz, D., Schreiber, C., Schulze-Neick, I., Sieverding, L.F.J., Singer, H., Stieh, J., Sreeram, N., Thies, W.-R., Thul, J., Trauzeddel, R., Tschöpe, C., Uebing, A., Ulmer, H.E., Vogel, M., Vogt, M., Weil, J., Wessel, A., Will, J.C., Wühl, E., Ballmann, M., Barben, J., Bauer, C.P., Bend, J., Berdel, D., Blankenstein, O., Bremer, W., Brunsmann, F., Buchholz, T., Bufe, A., Derichs, N., Eber, E., Friedrichs, F., Frischer, T., Gembruch, U., Gieler, U., Götz, M., Haas, W.H., Hamelmann, E., Hammer, J., Hellermann, M., Jacobeit, J., Jung, A., Keim, V., Kitz, R., Kleinheinz, A., Koletzko, S., Kopp, I., Kopp, M., Lau, S., Lauener, R., Loff, Magdorf, K., Muche-Borowski, C., Müller, F.-M., Müsken, H., Naehrlich, L., Nicolai, T., Nüßlein, Th., Paditz, E., Palm, Frau B., Paul, K., Pfeiffer-Auler, S., Pfeiffer-Kascha, Frau D., Posselt, H.-G., Przybilla, B., Räwer, H.-C., Ratjen, F., Reese, I., Riedler, J., Rietschel, E., Rose, M., Rossi, R., Ruëff, F., Schäfer, T., Schmidt, S., Schmitt-Grohé, S., Schulze, J., Schuster, A., Seidenberg, J., Sitter, H., Smaczny, C., Spindler, T., Staab, D., Stern, M., Strassburg, C.P., Strömer, K., Stuhrmann-Spangenberg, M., Szczepanski, R., Tacke, A., Tiedgen, M., Urschitz, M.S., Vagts, J., Vogelberg, C., Wahn, U., Walker, A., Werfel, T., Wildhaber, J.H., Zach, M., Zimmermann, Th., Ballauff, A., Bannert, N., Böhn, I., Buderus, S., Bufler, P., Burdelski, M., Gerner, P., Grosse, K.-P., Henker, J., Henneke, P., Huber, W., Lang, T., Lentze, M.J., Melter, M., Müller, T., Pfister, E.-D., Rodeck, B., Schmidt-Choudhury, A., Skopnik, H., Wirth, S., Witt, H., Bachmann, H., Dötsch, J., Ehrich, J.H., Fuchshuber, Arno, Hoppe, B., Hoyer, P.F., Kemper, M.J., Michalk, D., Müller, D., Müller-Wiefel, D.E., Pohl, M., Tönshoff, B., Zerres, K., Bast, T., Baumeister, F.A.M., Berner, R., Bode, H., Christen, H.J., Collmann, H., Ebinger, F., Eiffert, H., Evers, S., Gold, R., Groß, S., Hanefeld, F., Heinen, F., Holthausen, H., Hübner, A., Jacobi, G., Karch, D., Kauschke, C., Kerkhoff, G., Kiese-Himmel, C., Klepper, J., Kohlschütter, A., Korn-Merker, E., Krägeloh-Mann, I., Kropp, P., Kurlemann, G., de Langen-Müller, U., Lenard, H.G., Michael, Th., von Moers, A., Felderhoff-Müser, U., Nau, R., Neubauer, B.A., Neuhäuser, G., Neumann, K., Noterdaeme, M., Pothmann, R., Rating, D., Reitter, B., Rickels, E., Ritz, A.M., Rosenkötter, H., Schmitt, B., Stephani, U., Stöver, B., Tibussek, D., Trollmann, R., Trommer, G., Tuxhorn, I., Wohlrab, G., Boergen, K.P., Brosch, S., Delb, W., Frank, R., Herrmann, B., von Hofacker, N., de Camargo, O. Kraus, Kries, R.v., Michaelis, R., Papousek, M., Schlack, H.G., Schriever, J., Skrodzki, K., Straßburg, H.-M., Thyen, U., Becker, K., Fels, T., Fitze, G., Grasshoff-Derr, S., Göbel, P., Illing, P., Lieber, J., Schmidt, A., Wessel, L.M., Berthold, L.D., Hahn, G., Hirsch, W., Moritz, J.D., Schröder, C., Schumacher, R., Stegmann, J., Steinborn, M., Tietze, R., Wunsch, R., Deppe, W., Hermann, T., Kiosz, D., Leidig, E., Mayer, H., Oepen, J., Stachow, R., Ahrens, F., Frey, G., Huttegger, I., Preil, M.-L., Schmittenbecher, P.P., Traupe, H., Eberhardt, O., Hasler, C., Krauspe, R., Meenen, N.M., Meurer, A., Rödl, R., Stücker, R., and Zilkens, C.

Published
2015
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