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Let CC be a linear code of length nn and dimension kk over the finite field Fqm{{\mathbb{F}}}_{{q}^{m}}. The trace code Tr(C){\rm{Tr}}\left(C) is a linear code of the same length nn over the subfield Fq{{\mathbb{F}}}_{q}. The obvious upper bound for the dimension of the trace code over Fq{{\mathbb{F}}}_{q} is mkmk. If equality holds, then we say that CC has maximum trace dimension. The problem of finding the true dimension of trace codes and their duals is relevant for the size of the public key of various code-based cryptographic protocols. Let Ca{C}_{{\boldsymbol{a}}} denote the code obtained from CC and a multiplier vector a∈(Fqm)n{\boldsymbol{a}}\in {\left({{\mathbb{F}}}_{{q}^{m}})}^{n}. In this study, we give a lower bound for the probability that a random multiplier vector produces a code Ca{C}_{{\boldsymbol{a}}} of maximum trace dimension. We give an interpretation of the bound for the class of algebraic geometry codes in terms of the degree of the defining divisor. The bound explains the experimental fact that random alternant codes have minimal dimension. Our bound holds whenever n≥m(k+h)n\ge m\left(k+h), where h≥0h\ge 0 is the Singleton defect of CC. For the extremal case n=m(h+k)n=m\left(h+k), numerical experiments reveal a closed connection between the probability of having maximum trace dimension and the probability that a random matrix has full rank.

Mining and quarrying operations exert a substantial influence on both the environment and nearby communities. Plenty of them can be found in mountainous areas of Transylvania. These activities, which involve the excavation of expansive open pits and the disruption of soil and vegetation, can lead to adverse consequences such as soil erosion, deforestation, habitat degradation, and water contamination. Mining and quarrying operations carry notable consequences for both the environment and the nearby communities. The interventions of contemporary humans have changed the landscape on an unprecedented scale. The signs of human involvement are apparent in numerous locations in the Giurgeului Depression; the Suseni quarry site is an example of a place that necessitates a comprehensive rehabilitation plan.

The paper examines two of the most important sectors of agriculture, crop and livestock production, in a time series analysis. The authors analyzed the number of enterprises, the number of employees, labor costs, turnover, and balance sheet total, and also assessed the evolution of liquidity and profitability in the two sectors, broken down by size.

Despite the growing popularity of biostimulants among farmers, a major problem remains with their variable effects on individual species and varieties of cultivated crops. Therefore, it is important to know how to choose a suitable product for the given growing conditions while simultaneously considering species and varietal variability in crop cultivation. The goal of this study is to highlight different reactions of plants to the applied preparations within the monitored representatives of the Capsicum genus, with an emphasis on intervarietal variability. The experiments with two monitored and one control variants occurred during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2022 in Slovakia’s southwest region, characterized by a European continental climate with warm and dry summers. Seven varieties of Capsicum annuum and two varieties of Capsicum chinense were chosen based on actual growers’ preferences: “Žitava,” “Szegedi 80,” “Karkulka,” “Hodoníska sladká,” “Habanero Orange,” “Habanero Chocolate,” “Kristián,” “Damián” and “Kurtovska kápia.” In the present study, we observed the effects of selected commercial biostimulants – the combination of Energen Fulhum Plus and Energen Fruktus Plus in the first variant and the biostimulant Humix® Universal in the second variant – on bell pepper fruits. We evaluated three productivity parameters: fresh fruit weight per variety, weight of one fruit and number of bell pepper fruits per plant. From the qualitative parameters, we evaluated the content of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, carotenoids, and the American Spice Trade Association color value. The monitored biostimulants had variable effects in all pepper varieties, while some of them statistically significantly increased and others significantly decreased the monitored parameters. In conclusion, we state that the application of verified biostimulants did not have a uniform effect on the observed varieties of the Capsicum genus. Therefore, based on our results, we cannot generalize the effect of a specific biostimulant on a specific crop genus or species.

Das starke Leistungswachstum kombiniert mit dem Fachkräftemangel in der häuslichen Pflege verlangt nach einer anpassungsfähigen Betriebsorganisation. Das niederländische Buurtzorg-Modell orientiert sich am Ansatz der Holokratie und verspricht eine Reorganisation der Pflege im Privathaushalt, welche sich positiv auf die Zufriedenheit der Mitarbeitenden und die Personzentrierung auswirkt. Das Buurtzorg-Modell stößt auch in der Schweiz auf reges Interesse.

The land is a natural resource which is rich in diversity, and its value tends to increase over time. Therefore, compensation in cases when the State acquires land, is an issue of concern. Using data from 100 surveyed households and ten interviews (including 5 houesholds indirectly affected by land acquisition, 3 relevant experts, and 2 village headmen) in Da Nang, the article aims to answer two research questions: (1) assessment of landless households on land compensation policy, and (2) an assessment of outstanding issues in this policy in Vietnam. The results show that the local government has strictly followed the regulations and procedures of the State on land acquisition and compensation for economic development purposes under the 2013 Land Law. However, affected people feel dissatisfied with what they had received when they lost land. The first reason is the significant difference between the compensation prices households received and the market price, as determined by a real estate broker. Second, concerns about the future arise when a family’s means of production are acquired by the state. In addition, the policy also lacks support measures for households located in affected areas. These shortcomings lead to dissatisfaction among families.

Introduction/Objective. Hypothyroidism is a common disease and treatment with levothyroxine (LT4) is effective. However, variations in management are frequent. The aim of this study was to identify practices and attitudes of Serbian physicians relating to the treatment of hypothyroidism. Methods. An anonymized questionnaire was distributed electronically to members of the Serbian Thyroid Society, Serbian Association of Endocrine Surgeons, and Section for Endocrinology of the Serbian Medical Society. Results. Out of 170 invitations, 99 responses were received. LT4 was the first choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism in 90% of patients. After starting LT4 replacement therapy most respondents would recheck thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in 4–6 weeks (n = 51, 62%) and in eight weeks (n = 29, 35%). In total, 61% of respondents (n = 60) indicated that they would consider treating euthyroid patients with LT4, the commonest indication being female infertility with high levels of thyroid antibodies (54%, n = 50). More than half respondents (58%, n = 45) would recommend combined LT4 + LT3 therapy for patients on LT4 with normal serum TSH who still complain of symptoms of hypothyroidism. 53% (n = 41/77), reported that the frequency of patients with normal serum TSH who still complain of hypothyroid symptoms is less than 5%. Conclusion. LT4 was the first choice of therapy for the treatment of hypothyroid patients, whereas LT3 + LT4 combination treatment is considered in patients with persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism despite normalization of TSH. The most common indication for thyroid hormone treatment in euthyroid patients was female infertility with high levels of thyroid antibodies. Alternative LT4 formulations like liquid solution or soft-gel capsules –formulations presently not available in Serbia, were largely reserved for specific conditions (interfering drugs, malabsorption, inability to take LT4 in the fasting state, unexplained poor biochemical control of hypothyroidism).

As a response to the processes of international migration in the Balkans, the Hungarian government in 2015 constructed a technical border defence system on the southern border of Hungary, also assigning manpower to guard the border. As a response to migration, this is not unique in Europe if we also consider previous and subsequent events. Although this topic has already been addressed by several authors from different perspectives, this paper is the first to analyse in detail the construction and characteristics of the technical border defence system, and the structure and operation of the assigned police and military forces. The paper also examines how government policy related to the protection of the southern border and the fence revived the ‘Hungary, the fortress/bastion of (Christian) Europe’ concept, and also how the Hungarian government communicated this in order to achieve its political objectives.

Imaging keeps pervading biomedical sciences from the nanoscale to the bedside. Connecting the hierarchical levels of biomedicine with relevant imaging approaches, however, remains a challenge.

In the paper the numerical modelling of ensuring slope stability and their analysing with using of different numerical methods are presented. We have designed the cutting walls with earth nails and anchors securing for modelling of slope stability ensuring. The calculate and the mechanism of failure process of the reinforced slopes were studied using the different methods for slope stability. The nailing significantly increased the stability level for using Spencer method. The anchors increased the stability level for using Spencer method. Increasing the nail or anchors length improved the stability of the reinforced slopes. The reinforced slope exhibited a significant the stability level.

This study aimed to evaluate yield parameters, antioxidant activity (AOA), total polyphenol content (TPC) and total soluble solids (TSS) in beetroot cultivars with different flesh colours. Field experiments were established at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in 2016 and 2017. Within the study, 16 beetroot cultivars were tested, including 11 red-fleshed (‘Boltardy’, ‘Boro’ F1, ‘Crosby Egyptian’, ‘Cylindra’, ‘Detroit Globe’, ‘Detroit 2’, ‘Egyptian Turnip Rooted’, ‘Opolski’, ‘Pablo’ F1, ‘Renova’ and ‘Taunus’ F1), 2 yellow-fleshed (‘Boldor’ F1 and ‘Golden’), 2 white-flesh cultivars (‘Albino’ and ‘White Detroit’) and 1 red-white fleshed cultivar (‘Chioggia’). All beetroot cultivars with red flesh colour showed higher AOA and TPC than different-coloured beetroot cultivars. The highest root yield was found in the white-fleshed beetroot cultivar ‘Albino’ (37.80–41.91 t · ha−1). The highest root weight was found in the white-fleshed beetroot cultivar ‘White Detroit’ (362.4–412.1 g). The highest AOA (819.19–972.50 mg TEAC · kg−1 d.w.) and TPC (2,387.70–2,731.00 mg · kg−1 d.w.) were found in the red-fleshed beetroot cultivar ‘Pablo’ F1. Different-coloured cultivars of beetroot were characterised by a lower content of TSS (6.4–8.8 ºBRIX) than cultivars with typical, red flesh colour (7.8–10.8 ºBRIX). Results clearly indicate that cultivar, or flesh colour, is showed as a significant factor influencing the quality of beetroot. Knowing of yield potential and quality of beetroot cultivars is important for growers as well as consumers. Results of this study indicate that white-fleshed cultivars of beetroot are characterised by high yield potential but lower quality, including lower AOA, TPC and TSS.

The black bullhead is an invasive species that forms dense populations and has a negative impact on the native ichthyofauna. Recent studies indicate that it is one of the most dominant invasive fish species in Serbian waters. Feeding habits based on stomach contents of individuals caught in Lake Sava were analyzed as a first step towards evaluating its possible negative impact on the native fish fauna of the lake. The following indices for diet analysis were applied: vacuity index, frequency of occurrence, numerical abundance and prominence value. Trophic niche breadth and seasonal trophic diversity were calculated using the Shannon’s index. The diet spectrum comprised 16 different prey categories from five groups: Mollusca, Crustacea, Insecta, Teleostei and plants. Fish were the main prey in all seasons, followed by aquatic invertebrates. Plant material and terrestrial insects were used as food in relatively small quantities. Predation on fish eggs was also detected. Our research confirmed that this species is an opportunistic generalist. An ontogenetic diet shift was also detected. The lowest value of trophic diversity was found in age 1+ individuals (H=1.39), while the highest was found in age 3+ individuals (H=2.00). The widest niche breadth was recorded in spring 2011 (H=2.12).

The work aimed to determine the potential of selenium incorporation into seeds of selected species of Ocimum spp. after fortification with a foliar solution of sodium selenate at a concentration of 50 g Se · ha−1. In a 2-year trial, the selenium content was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption method with Zeeman background correction. Modified spectrophotometric method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] assays) was used to rate the potential of oxidation– reduction components of basil seeds (AA). The total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and gallic acid (GA) as the standard solution. The results of experiments showed that the selenium biofortification significantly (p < 0.05) increased the content of selenium in basil seeds (17-fold increase in comparison with controlled variant in case of Tulsi, 12-fold in ‘Cinamonette’ and 12-fold in ‘Dark Green’ when compared with control). The basil seeds represented a valuable source of polyphenols (1414.61–1681.75 μg GA · g−1 dried weight [d.w.]) with multiple times higher antioxidant activity (23.50–28.97 mmol Trolox · kg−1) in comparison with common tested horticultural crops (e.g. peas, tomato and pumpkin). Significant influence of fortification was not found in AA and TPC values. Fortification was not significantly reflected in AA and TPC values. In addition to its very strong reproductive function, healing and religious purposes, the basil seed is used as a functional food due to its high content of bioactive compounds.

In this paper, a thermal model of a ball bearing subjected to radial loads is presented. By the application of the State-Space approach and the Light Gray-Box lumped parameter thermal network, the temperature of the inner components of a ball bearing, these are: outer-race To; balls Tb and inner-race Ti; and the temperature of the housing Th were determined. The relation between the external force, rotational speed, lubrication type, were investigated for the purpose of determining the total frictional moment Mf that occurs among the elements comprising the ball bearing. Subsequently, the total heat losses Qf were calculated together with the heat distribution along the elements of the ball bearing. The analytical results were validated experimentally. It could be seen that the standard deviation of temperature between the thermal model and the experimental measurements over the outer-race To and housing Th were sd = 5.06 % and sd = 0.33 % . Moreover, the temperature of the balls Tb and the inner-race Ti were predicted. In this context, the results show good agreement with real data, therefore, the thermal model can be utilized to foresee the thermal behavior of bearings with similar geometry that undergo effects of radial loads.

A web 2.0 és digitális környezet, illetve az ezekben a terekben létrejövő közösségi média vitathatatlanul átformálta életünket: nemcsak a mindennapi tapasztalatainkat befolyásolta, de egy teljesen új társas terepet is teremtett, elősegítve korábban soha nem látott társadalmi gyakorlatok és szereplők kialakulását, elterjedését. A digitális technológiák demotizáló (Turner 2010) hatása teljesen új terepeket hozott létre a hírességek (újra)termelődéséhez, aminek egyik legnépszerűbb formája a videóblogolás. A vloggerek különböző mikro-celeb gyakorlatokon keresztül meglehetősen nagy hírnévre tettek szert rövid időn belül (Marwick 2015, Senft 2012), így társadalmi szerepük kulcsfontosságúvá vált a különböző tudáshalmazok, ötletek, értékek terjesztése, nyilvános artikulációja kapcsán. Ezek a kognitív mintázatok különböző diszkurzív gyakorlatokon keresztül jutnak el a rajongókhoz, melyek konkrétan – a közösségi médiás affordanciáknak megfelelően – a posztok, videók, kommentek, tweet-ek stb. sokaságából állnak össze és amely aktivitási elemekkel a rajongók különböző interakciókat is végezhetnek (komment, like stb.). Ez a fajta diszkurzív folyamat a hírességeket (jelen esetben videóbloggereket) úgynevezett szakértői intézmény (Giddens 1990) pozícióba helyezi, aminek segítségével különböző attitűdbeli, mentális, viselkedési sémákat nyújthatnak rajongóiknak. Mindeközben a digitális környezet a társadalomtudományos megismerés számára is teljesen új perspektívákat nyit, mivel a kutatók éppen ezekhez a diszkurzív panelekhez férhetnek hozzá nagy volumenben, tudományos elemzés céljából. Jelen kutatás is éppen a digitális adatokban rejlő megismerési potenciált aknázza ki, ugyanis a SentiOne nevű social listening alkalmazás segítségével rekonstruálja a hírességek alkotta online hálózatokat a különböző közös említések alapján (történjen az egy posztban, vagy rajongói kommentben). A hálózat felrajzolásán felül a SentiOne lehetőséget nyújt különböző, az említésekhez kapcsolódó metrikák létrehozására, amellyel még részletesebb kép nyerhető a hazai online térben hálózatosodó videóblogger hírességekről és az általuk létrehozott diskurzusról.

István Lampé,1 Dezső Beke,2 Sándor Biri,3 István Csarnovics,4 Attila Csik,3 Zsuzsanna Dombrádi,5 Péter Hajdu,3 Viktória Hegedűs,6 Richárd Rácz,3 István Varga,7 Csaba Hegedűs11Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 2Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 3Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary; 4Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 5Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 6Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 7Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HungaryObjectives: Using dental Ti implants has become a well-accepted and used method for replacing missing dentition. It has become evident that in many cases peri-implant inflammation develops. The objective was to create and evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) coated Ti surfaces that can help to prevent such processes if applied on the surface of dental implants.Methods: Annealing I, Ag ion implantation by the beam of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS), Ag Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Annealing II procedures were used, respectively, to create a safely anchored Ag-NP layer on 1x1 cm2, Grade 2 titanium samples. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by culturing Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) on the surfaces of the samples for 8 hours, and comparing the results to that of glass as control and of pure titanium samples. Alamar Blue assay was carried out to check cytotoxicity.Results: It was proved that silver nanoparticles were present on the treated surfaces. The average diameter of the particles was 58 nm, with a 25 nm deviation and Gaussian distribution, the the filling factor was 25%. Antibacterial evaluation revealed that the nanoparticle covered samples had an antibacterial effect of 64.6% that was statistically significant. Tests also proved that the nanoparticles are safely anchored to the titanium surface and are not cytotoxic.Conclusion: Creating a silver nanoparticle layer can be an option to add antibacterial features to the implant surface and to help in the prevention of peri-implant inflammatory processes. Recent studies demonstrated that silver nanoparticles can induce pathology in mammal cells, thus safe fixation of the particles is essential to prevent them from getting into the circulation.Keywords: implants, peri-implant inflammation, oxyde layer, cytocompatibility, antibacterial effect, physical vapor deposition, geometrical model

The aim of this paper is to analyse legal and financial dynamics of the self-governance in three countries of the Visegrad Group: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. The paper explores compliance with the European Charter of Local Self-Government, financial independence and operational features of self-governance. The paper provides an overview of the regulatory environment that was set up for the local government in the Visegrad countries, examines the powers by local government, and the degree of its financial independence. The financial aspects of self-government are compared, and compliance with major fiscal rules is examined.

Direct sales by farmers gained acceptance in Hungary following the incursion of healthy eating and the enhancement of local economic development efforts. Conducting questionnaire surveys and interviews, our research investigated the means through which locally produced goods reach consumers, e.g., short food supply chains, as well as the farmers’ motivations and the necessary developments. According to the main results, personal direct consumer relations are vital for local farmers; however, advanced sales channels are not popular nor fully developed in Hungary. Only the capital city shows some development here, catalysing and stimulating the domestic market and consumer behaviour. On the other hand, the age structure of local farmers or the lack of knowledge hinder the advent of advanced sales channels. Nevertheless, there is a continuous and immanent need for development in this sector; although, the recent conditions of subsidies unfortunately do not support small scale local farmers.

The object of the research is developed around the historical gardens belonging to certain historical monuments, more precisely in relation to the palaces and manors of aristocratic families from the Banat area. These gardens are selected according to certain criteria that preserve physical and documentary stylistic and memorial values. The aim of the research is the studying of a frequently met phenomenon both as specialists in the field and as simple citizens, that is, the loss of values of a building and its surroundings, which at the time of their construction had a special historical and architectural value, but with the passing of time they lost some of these values due to political, social, and cultural changes. The gardens, manors, and palaces are testimonies of the past. They present a private and urban lifestyle at a certain social, cultural, and architectural level. This paper has the purpose of investigating these still existing landscape arrangements as well as the main factors that lead to their transformation, their problematics being discussed from its historical, architectural, and social-cultural perspective.

In the focus of our study was stood the distribution of disadvantaged and traditional students, according to the type and the maintainer of the school. Furthermore, the attention is drawn to the composition and selection mechanism of the school together with the susceptibility to the further trainings of the teaching staff as well. In the investigation, the variables of disadvantaged and traditional status was created on the basis of the law concerning the disadvantage, additionally, school maintainers were aggregated into four big groups. Subsequently, crosstabs and ANOVA analysis were made between the variables. Regarding the results, it can be stated that disadvantaged students concentrate in low quality secondary technical schools and vocational schools where the results of the mathematics and literature is the lowest. The ratio of disadvantaged students is lower in religious schools. Disadvantaged students attend those schools where entrance exam is less typical, the social background of the students is low.

The aim of the article is the studying of a frequently seen phenomenon, which is the loss of value as far as some buildings and their surroundings are concerned, which, at the moment of their construction, held great historical and architectural value, but in time they have gradually lost their value due to political, social, and cultural changes. In the Banat region of the first half of the 19th century, we can remark the dominance of the neoclassical style. The parks of the Banat region, apart from their role of satisfying the visual aesthetic appearances, are very well adapted to the place. They are unique, but the pattern after which they were conceived is common, according to the fashion of the era in which they were created. The subject of the research develops around the historical gardens belonging to certain historical monuments. The aim of researching these landscape arrangements is the investigation of the present-day situation and their evolution that has led to their actual transformation.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis can be successfully applied for the degradation of organic pollutants, although the efficiency of this method is insufficient. It can be increased by modification of the catalyst with precious metals (e.g. silver) or heterogeneous catalysis can be combined with other oxidative procedures such as ozonation. Another obstacle to the infield use of the method is that separating the catalyst from the liquid phase is difficult. This problem can be eliminated by the immobilization of the catalyst. The poly(vinyl alcohol)-TiO2 immobilized catalyst has been prepared for this purpose. During TiO2-based photocatalysis, active oxygen species such as the hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide are produced. The formation rate of the oxidative •OH radicals was also determined in the case of the previously mentioned techniques. As a scavenger of this radical, coumarin was added.

In this short study I analyze a request told in a personal letter in the 16th century from the view of historical sociopragmatics. After the general pragmatic overview of the request I demonstrate some aspects of text analysis including the critical presentation of the practice till now. The knowledge of correspondence of the given time period influences the evaluation of the formulas used and an emphasis is put to the presentation of the social and relational contacts of the participants in the correspondence. On the basis of the enquiry it becomes obvious that the way of telling the request, the linguistic elements used and the procedures applied do not differ essentially from today’s practice, however, the argumentation technique as it appears in the 16th century as live speech seems to be redundant today. Familiarity with the relations of the time period (repayment of debt and the practice of recovery of possessions given on credit) makes a meaningful evaluation of seemingly redundant phrases possible. *** A rövid tanulmányban egy 16. századi magánlevélben megfogalmazott kérést elemzek a történeti szociopragmatika szemszögéből. A kérés pragmatikájának általánosabb áttekintése után a szövegvizsgálat szempontjait mutatom be, kitérve az eddigi gyakorlat kritikai ismertetésére. Az adott kor levelezésének ismerete a korban használt formulák értékelését is befolyásolja, továbbá hangsúlyt kap a levelezésben részt vevők társadalmi és rokoni kapcsolatának bemutatása is. A vizsgálat alapján nyilvánvalóvá válik, hogy a kérés megfogalmazása, a felhasznált nyelvi elemek és az alkalmazott eljárásmódok lényegében nem térnek el a ma is élő gyakorlattól, csupán az érvelő technika 16. századi élőbeszédbeli megjelenése tűnik mai szemmel redundánsnak. A kor viszonyainak ismerete (az adósság visszafizetése, illetőleg a hitelbe adott javak visszaszerzésének gyakorlata) alapján azonban a mai ember számára túlzsúfoltnak, redundáns ismétlésnek tűnő frázisok szerepének valós értékelése válik lehetővé.

This article presents a hydraulic design procedure for axial-flow pump impellers, followed by their manufacturing documentations, all in one easy-to-use software named AXPHD V2.0 (AXial Pump Hydraulic Design) developed by one of the authors (Kalmár). After the user determined pump duty, the software offers input data which may be changed interactively. The hydrodynamic singularity method is used to compute the blade profiles on cylindrical surfaces. If the velocity and pressure distributions are accepted, then the body model of the impeller is produced by AUTODESK INVENTOR PROFESSIONAL 2019. Full manufacturing documentation is prepared including shop-drawings for traditional production, numeric modules for CAM, and files for 3D printing. A photo of an impeller made by 3D printing closes the paper.

The concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in the muscle, gills, liver and intestine of the wels catfish (Silurus glanis) from the Danube River were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The aim of the study was to determine whether in complex muscle/skin, gill filament/gill arch, proximal/distal liver and proximal/median/distal intestine samples, particular components differ in concentrations of the analyzed elements. Results indicated that there were no differences in the accumulation of different elements between the proximal and distal liver segments and between the proximal and median intestine sections. Conversely, elemental accumulation patterns in muscle and skin differed significantly. Significant differences were also observed between the gill arch and filaments, as well as between the distal and the two upper intestine sections. Findings indicated the importance of detailed reporting of tissue sampling, i.e. whether the skin was included in the muscle sample, as well as if the gill arch and filaments were analyzed together. Due to a potential bias that can be produced by different muscle/skin or gill arch/filament ratios included in the sample, we strongly recommend that they should not be analyzed together. Results of the present study might be of interest to the scientific community and stakeholders involved in aquatic ecosystem monitoring programs. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR37009 i br. 173045]

The subject matter of the contribution is findings obtained from a parametric simulation of ceiling panels behaviour under a change of determined parameters. The optional parameters included concrete strength, reinforcement cross-section area, and concrete covering. The experiment investigated an impact of the given parameters changes onto the element resistance which was evaluated on the basis of the ultimate state of usability, namely from the point of view of crack checking and deflection measuring. Panel behaviour was presented by a load-deflection relation and crack topography

When a tank containing liquid vibrates, the liquid exerts hydrodynamic effects on the solid domain of a tank. In the case of roof tanks, a large sloshing wave will impact the wall or roof of the tanks and may cause extensive damage or failure of the tanks. This paper provides the theoretical background of simplified seismic analysis of liquid storage cylindrical ground -supported tanks, and it documents the seismic effect of input motions characteristics on fluid sloshing behaviour.

The subject matter of the article is the comparison of behaviour of the actual ceiling panels exposed to an aggressive environment and the software-modelled panels while their functioning conditions taken into account are identical. The article presents the comparison based on deflections obtained on the ceiling panels. Comparison is expressed by analysis of the panel load-deflection relation.

Badano wpływ wybranych czynników agrochemicznych na akumulację metali ciężkich w bulwach ziemniaka. Gleby uprawne mogą być zanieczyszczone metalami ciężkimi. Pierwiastki, które występują w glebach w formach biodostępnych (mobilnych) mogą zostać włączone do obiegu biologicznego, mając tym samym negatywny wpływ na jakość plonów i zdrowie konsumentów/ człowieka. W badanych glebach oznaczono całkowitą zawartość: Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd oraz udział tych pierwiastków w formach mobilnych. Spośród badanych pierwiastków najbardziej mobilnym metalem był ołów, którego zakres zawartości w formach mobilnych wynosił: 0,100-0,295 mg∙kg-1, przekraczając dopuszczalne wartości dla tego pierwiastka. Zawartość ołowiu w ziemniakach wynosiła: 0.244-0.855 mg∙kg-1 FM. Analiza statystyczna wykazała istotną korelację pomiędzy zawartością pierwiastków w formach mobilnych i ich zawartością w ziemniakach oraz między odczynem badanych gleb, a całkowitą zawartością ołowiu w ziemniakach. Nie zaobserwowano istotnej statystycznie korelacji pomiędzy zawartością próchnicy w glebach a zawartością ołowiu w ziemniakach

Kevin R Ford,1 Anh-Dung Nguyen,2 Steven L Dischiavi,1 Eric J Hegedus,1 Emma F Zuk,2 Jeffrey B Taylor11Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA; 2Department of Athletic Training, School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, USAAbstract: Deficits in proximal hip strength or neuromuscular control may lead to dynamic lower extremity valgus. Measures of dynamic lower extremity valgus have been previously shown to relate to increased risk of several knee pathologies, specifically anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and patellofemoral pain. Therefore, hip-focused interventions have gained considerable attention and been successful in addressing these knee pathologies. The purpose of the review was to identify and discuss hip-focused exercise interventions that aim to address dynamic lower extremity valgus. Previous electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics research support the use of targeted hip exercises with non-weight-bearing, controlled weight-bearing, functional exercise, and, to a lesser extent, dynamic exercises in reducing dynamic lower extremity valgus. Further studies should be developed to identify and understand the mechanistic relationship between optimized biomechanics during sports and hip-focused neuromuscular exercise interventions.Keywords: dynamic lower extremity valgus, hip neuromuscular control, ACL injury rehabilitation, patellofemoral pain, hip muscular activation

In the article selected results of parametric analysis of lightened reinforced concrete panels used in agricultural objects are presented. The aim of the analysis was to devise a parametric model that can be later on used for the simulation of behaviour of real ceiling panels when changing predefined parameters.

Johan Bohr,1,3 Anna Wickbom,1,3 Agnes Hegedus,2 Nils Nyhlin,1,3 Elisabeth Hultgren Hörnquist,3 Curt Tysk1,3 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, 2Department of Laboratory Medicine/Pathology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, 3School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden Abstract: Collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis, together constituting microscopic colitis, are common causes of chronic diarrhea. They are characterized clinically by chronic nonbloody diarrhea and a macroscopically normal colonic mucosa where characteristic histopathological findings are seen. Previously considered rare, they now have emerged as common disorders that need to be considered in the investigation of the patient with chronic diarrhea. The annual incidence of each disorder is five to ten per 100,000 inhabitants, with a peak incidence in 60- to 70-year-old individuals and a predominance of female patients in collagenous colitis. The etiology and pathophysiology are not well understood, and the current view suggests an uncontrolled mucosal immune reaction to various luminal agents in predisposed individuals. Clinical symptoms comprise chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, and fecal incontinence that may impair the patient's health-related quality of life. An association is reported with other autoimmune disorders, such as celiac disease, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, and arthritis. The best-documented treatment, both short-term and long-term, is budesonide, which induces clinical remission in up to 80% of patients after 8 weeks' treatment. However, after successful budesonide therapy is ended, recurrence of clinical symptoms is common, and the best possible long-term management deserves further study. The long-term prognosis is good, and the risk of complications, including colonic cancer, is low. We present an update of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of microscopic colitis. Keywords: microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, chronic diarrhea, budesonide

The process of robotics in the world, but also in Slovakia is constantly increasing, and although new types of robots are being developed, the human hand of those work stations cannot be removed completely. Despite the already developed and functioning collaborative robots that allow safe operations side by side with humans, it is necessary for a worker to known accurate, fast and safe procedure of his working activities. Visual work instructions (VWI) are made for this purpose. The worker must be able to quickly understand the principle of work procedure and get quick information about potential risks in very short time. Therefore, great regard for the content of VWI must be taken. At first glance, a simple visual work instructions enable not only to increase safety at the workplace, but also increase workers productivity.

Diána Kovács,1 Zoltán Simon,2,3 Péter Hári,2,3 András Málnási-Csizmadia,2,4,5 Csaba Hegedus,6 László Drimba,1 József Németh,1 Réka Sári,1 Zoltán Szilvássy,1 Barna Peitl11Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 2Drugmotif, Ltd, Veresegyház, Hungary; 3Printnet, Ltd, Budapest, Hungary; 4Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; 5Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; 6Cera-Med Ltd, Debrecen-Józsa, HungaryIntroduction: Computational molecular database screening helps to decrease the time and resources needed for drug development. Reintroduction of generic drugs by second medical use patents also contributes to cheaper and faster drug development processes. We screened, in silico, the Food and Drug Administration-approved generic drug database by means of the One-dimensional Drug Profile Matching (oDPM) method in order to find potential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists. The PPARγ action of the selected generics was also investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.Materials and methods: The in silico oDPM method was used to determine the binding potency of 1,255 generics to 149 proteins collected. In vitro PPARγ activation was determined by measuring fatty acid-binding protein 4/adipocyte protein gene expression in a Mono Mac 6 cell line. The in vivo insulin sensitizing effect of the selected compound (nitazoxanide; 50–200 mg/kg/day over 8 days; n = 8) was established in type 2 diabetic rats by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamping.Results: After examining the closest neighbors of each of the reference set’s members and counting their most abundant neighbors, ten generic drugs were selected with oDPM. Among them, four enhanced fatty acid-binding protein/adipocyte protein gene expression in the Mono Mac 6 cell line, but only bromfenac and nitazoxanide showed dose-dependent actions. Induction by nitazoxanide was higher than by bromfenac. Nitazoxanide lowered fasting blood glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic rats.Conclusion: We demonstrated that the oDPM method can predict previously unknown therapeutic effects of generic drugs. Nitazoxanide can be the prototype chemical structure of the new generation of insulin sensitizers.Keywords: computer-aided prediction of receptor-ligand interaction, in silico lead selection, insulin sensitizers, one-dimensional drug profile matching, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPARγ, type two diabetes

The paper deals with the determination of strength of laminar ceramics by mechanical tests in bending and contact modes. The bending and contact modes are simulated by the four-point bending test, and by single-cycle contact test using rollers or spheres, respectively. In general, the determination of strength of ceramic materials results from statistical methods which are usually represented by the Weibull analysis. The Weibull analysis comprises the determination of the characteristic strength σ0 and Weibull modulus m. The characteristic strength σ0,bend and σ0,cont as well as the Weibull moduli mbend and mcont, which are related to the four-point bending test and the single-cycle contact test using rollers, are thus determined, respectively. The comparison of numerical results of σ0,bend/σ0,cont, mbend/mcont confirms the validity of the Fett's theory. Along with this verification, a microstructural analysis of strength-degrading defects which represent fraction origins is performed for both modes. The determination of the mechanical loading which causes material failure along with an analysis of parameters of cracks are also presented. The contact test using the spheres is also performed at a multi-cycle mode. The mechanical tests were applied to Al2O3-ZTA laminar ceramics (ZTA=60%Al2O3 + 40%ZrO2).

The biosorption of cadmium from artificial aqueous solutions using native baker’s yeast was investigated. The highest metal uptake value was 110 mg g-1 in a suspension of 0.3 g L-1. The effect of pH, initial cadmium concentration, adsorption time and biosorbent dosage on biosorption by baker’s yeast was studied. The maximum biosorption capacity of cadmium by yeast was observed at pH 6.0. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within sixty minutes and the sorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetics. Cadmium biosorption isotherms were determined in the cadmium concentration range of 10-500 mg L-1 at pH 6 in a suspension of 0.3 g L-1. For evaluation of biosorption equilibrium Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied to the experimental data.

The railway sector plays an important role in the European transport sector and its environmental sustainability is a highly important issue today recognized by all the main stakeholders, including the European Commission. EU-28 railway transport network consisted of 220,000 km of railway lines in 2013. Such a big railway transport network requires maintenance. Maintenance of a railway infrastructure is a resource- and cost-demanding activity that has as well a considerable impact on the environment. This paper presents the results of the environmental assessment of an innovative new product which aims to decrease the environmental impact of the railway maintenance processes. Life cycle assessment methodology was used and results show that the biggest environmental impact, in all impact categories, is achieved in the use and maintenance phase. In the end, the normalized data of the environmental impact were presented using the standard functional unit for the freight trains: tonne for kilometre (tkm). Additionally, authors have compared two different functional units that could be used in Life cycle assessment of the self-propelled freight railway vehicles, proposing the use of the new functional unit: tonne for working hour (twh). Use of such customized functional unit is more appropriate because of the specific nature of work that selfpropelled bulk carriages have.

Three localities, representing three distinct coastal areas, were investigated: 1. the mouth of the Sutorina River; 2. the mouth of the Jaška River; 3. the mouth of the Bojana River (right branch). Regarding the composition of young mullet assemblages, Lisa saliens, Lisa ramada and Lisa aurata were dominant at the first locality; L. aurata and Chelon labrosus at the second; and at the third L. ramada was clearly dominant, Mugil cephalus occupied the subdominant position, while L. aurata was absent. The seasons of the first appearance of migratory fry were October, April, November, October and July, for M. cephalus, C. labrosus, L. ramada, L. aurata and L. saliens, respectively. Migratory periods varied from 2 (C. labrosus) to 7 (L. ramada) months.

Carps (Cyprinus carpio) were farmed on a river hopper barge at two stocking densities, 10 and 20 individuals per m3. A comparison of average weights, specific growth rates and weight distributions was performed. The obtained results show that there was no statistically significant difference in any of the parameters studied with regard to stocking density.

Specimens of Pontic shad (Alosa pontica Eichwald, 1838) were collected during April and May of 2006 in the Danube River (rkm 863) just downstream of the Iron Gate (Djerdap) II dam. Twenty-eight scales and 30 vertebrae were prepared and given to five interpreters with fish aging experience of from 3 to 30 years and with shad aging experience of from 0 to 12 years. Interpreters with experience in shad age determination showed lower values for the index of average percent error (IAPE) and an index of coefficient of variation (ICV). In regard to within-interpreter reproducibility, no significant differences were found between scale and vertebrae as structure for age determination. The most experienced reader showed the lowest value for IAPE, while the least experienced reader showed the highest value for IAPE. The results of this work indicate that experience in age determination by particular structure had more impact on age determination precision than specificity of structure, scale or vertebra. More work is needed on adopting standard protocols that must include some sort of common interaction between responsible age readers.

Between September 5, 2008 and September 5,2009, near-surface soil moisture time series were collectedin the northern part of a 1.7 km2 watershed in SWHungaryat 14 monitoring locations using a portable TDR-300 soilmoisture sensor. The objectives of this study are to increasethe accuracy of soil moisture measurement at watershedscale, to improve flood forecasting accuracy, and to optimizesoil moisture sensor density.