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Following increasing inquiries to the Danish Poison Information Centre regarding pregabalin and gabapentin, this review investigates existing literature about the addictive potential of these two drugs, with a focus on publications after 2020. A systematic search of PubMed was conducted to identify studies concerning the recreational use, misuse and withdrawal symptoms associated with pregabalin and gabapentin. Five case studies, three observational studies, and two interviews were included. This review highlights demographical variations in the misuse of the drugs. Notably, a high prevalence of recreational use of pregabalin was observed among adolescents often co-ingested with sedatives, such as opioids and alcohol. Withdrawal symptoms often followed abrupt discontinuation even at recommended doses, underscoring the drugs' potential for physical dependence. This review adds information to the already existing literature and provides new insights into the misuse and abuse of pregabalin and gabapentin. This review supports the need for further monitoring and better patient education to mitigate the rising misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology literature by investigating AI-generated content in abstracts of articles published in five prominent dermatology journals. The study used OpenAI's AI Text Classifier to predict the likelihood of abstracts being AI-generated. Out of 65 abstracts analyzed, none were found to be possibly or likely AI-generated. However, the study acknowledges the limitations of the AI Text Classifier and suggests that the use of AI in dermatology publishing may change over time. The research received no specific funding and the data underlying the article can be obtained upon request. [Extracted from the article]

This observational study examined the trend from the 1990s to 2016 of sunscreen use, sun protection factor (SPF) and quantity of sunscreen applied amongst beachgoers in Denmark. In 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2016, a total of 1,306 beachgoers were asked if they had used sunscreen on that day and, if so, which SPF. In 1992 and 2016 another 143 beachgoers had their sunscreen bottles weighed before and after application. The frequency of sunscreen use among women increased from 45% in 1997 to 78% in 2016, while the frequency of use among men increased from 39% to 49%. For both sexes the median SPF increased, on average, by one unit per year, from SPF 5 in 1997 to SPF 20 in 2016. The quantity of sunscreen applied increased from 0.48 mg/cm° in 1992 to 0.57 mg/cm° in 2016. Thus, the frequency of sunscreen use, the SPF, and the quantity of sunscreen applied have increased in the recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl aminolevulinate is reduced when treating actinic keratosis (AK) on the extremities in comparison with the face and scalp. Studies indicate that PDT efficacy can be improved by combining PDT with other treatment modalities. This randomized intra-individual study investigated whether pretreatment with topical 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) enhanced the treatment efficacy of daylight-mediated PDT in 24 patients with AKs on the hands. One hand of each patient was given 7 days of pretreatment with 5-FU twice daily before daylight-PDT, whereas the other hand was treated with daylight-PDT alone. At 3-month follow-up the overall lesion response rate was significantly higher for the combination of 5-FU and daylight-PDT (62.7%) than for daylight-PDT alone (51.8%) (p = 0.001). Furthermore, pain and erythema in relation to treatment were similar in the 2 groups (p = 1.0 and p = 0.2, respectively). Combination therapy is a safe and effective method to improve daylight-PDT for acral AKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy (daylight PDT) is a simple and pain free treatment of actinic keratoses. Weather conditions may not always allow daylight PDT outdoors. We compared the spectrum of five different lamp candidates for indoor "daylight PDT" and investigated their ability to photobleach protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Furthermore, we measured the amount of PpIX activating daylight available in a glass greenhouse, which can be an alternative when it is uncomfortable for patients to be outdoors. The lamps investigated were: halogen lamps (overhead and slide projector), white light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, red LED panel and lamps used for conventional PDT. Four of the five light sources were able to photobleach PpIX completely. For halogen light and the red LED lamp, 5000 lux could photobleach PpIX whereas 12,000 lux were needed for the white LED lamp. Furthermore, the greenhouse was suitable for daylight PDT since the effect of solar light is lowered only by 25%. In conclusion, we found four of the five light sources and the greenhouse usable for indoor daylight PDT. The greenhouse is beneficial when the weather outside is rainy or windy. Only insignificant ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) radiation passes through the greenhouse glass, so sun protection is not needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is the main risk factor for development of skin cancer. The incidence of skin cancer in Denmark and worldwide is high and increasing. The overall aim was to achieve basic knowledge about sun protection with sunscreen among beachgoers in Denmark. Other aims were to establish a method to investigate sunscreen distribution on the body and to test two approaches to optimize the used amount and body distribution of sunscreen. Furthermore, time and duration of a beach visit and use of protective clothes among beachgoers were determined to investigate the risk the beachgoers expose themselves to. 
Of the counted number of beachgoers 46% were at the beach between noon and 3 p.m. where the UVR is strongest and a mean beach visit lasted 142 minutes. In the middle of the day 90% of the beachgoers wore swimwear and sunscreen application was their only possible sun protection. More beachgoers wore protective clothes in the morning and late afternoon.
 Seventy-eight percent of women wearing swimwear reported sunscreen use at the beach and 49% of men reported sunscreen use. They used a sunscreen with a median sun protection factor (SPF) of 20 (interquartile range: 15-30). The effective SPF probably decreases exponentially with decreasing quantity of sunscreen applied. Users at the beach applied a mean quantity of 0.57 mg/cm 2 (standard deviation 0.31 mg/cm 2 ) to their sun accessible skin, i.e. skin not covered by swimwear or scalp hair, providing a mean effective SPF of 2.3. Both SPF chosen and quantity applied were independent of sex. 
Two approaches to increase sunscreen use was tested; the rule of thumb: "Fill up a handful of sunscreen and spread it all over your body", and a recommendation to apply sunscreen two consecutive times. Both strategies increased the total amount of sunscreen significantly. The instruction: "Fill up a handful of sunscreen and spread it all over your body" increased the median quantity of sunscreen to 0.87 mg/cm 2 whereas double application increased the quantity to 1.10 mg/cm 2 . Sunscreen with a label SPF of 20 applied in a quantity of 0.87 mg/cm 2 provided an effective SPF of 3.7. Applied in a quantity of 1.10 mg/cm 2 provided an effective SPF of 5.2. 
A method based on a link between darkness of skin in black light illumination and the quantity of sunscreen applied was established and made it possible to investigate the distribution of sunscreen on the body. Sunscreen was very unevenly applied both after application of a handful and after double application. The face and the front of the trunk were generally well covered whereas the back of the trunk was poorly covered. After a single application, either as at the beach or with the use of a handful of sunscreen, about one fifth of the total accessible skin was left without sunscreen. After double application only about a 9% of the accessible skin was left uncovered. As especially missed areas are at risk of getting sunburned double application seems to be the better of the two tested strategies to improve coverage.