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1. Studies of Day Care Center Climate and Its Effect on Children's Social and Emotional Behavior.

Author

Ekholm, Bodil and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

School climates at 12 day care centers in Sweden were compared to investigate effects of center climates on children's social and emotional behavior. Observations and interviews conducted at the day care centers revealed differences in center climates related to child-rearing patterns, patterns of interaction, the distribution of power, and in children's social behavior. At centers in which caregivers exhibited "present-focused" working methods, children were frequently involved in free play, planned activities did not always take place as planned, adults were rather passive in their relationship to children, and children were seen often wandering around aimlessly. Children attending such centers also played less with each other and teased and rejected each other more than at"future-focused" centers. At centers in which caregivers used "future-focused" working methods, a clear daily plan and many planned activities were exhibited. Adults activated children who had nothing to do and required children to take responsibility for many situations. Consequently, children felt they were needed. Children played together more at these centers than they did at "present-focused" centers. (Examples of free play and planned activities at "present-focused" and "future-focused" centers are included.) (RH)

Published
1985

2. Fortursbarn och 'vanliga' barn pa tolv daghem: Jamforande observationer. (Mainstreamed Children and 'Ordinary' Children in Twelve Day-Care Centers: An Observational Study).

Author

Linkoping Univ. (Sweden). Pedagogiska Inst., Ekholm, Bodil, and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

Observations of one mainstreamed child and one "ordinary child" at each of 12 day care centers were compared. Five of the 12 mainstreamed children were mentally retarded, and seven had a slight developmental retardation mainly due to deprivation. Observations of 10-minute duration, totaling 4 hours and dispersed across 7 days, focused on (1) time each child spent in active communication; (2) qualitative aspects of this communication; and (3) the child's behavior while alone. Findings indicated that deprived children did not differ much from the "ordinary" children. However, the observations of the five mentally retarded children differed significantly. The mentally retarded children were not socially integrated, were significantly more often alone, were alone for longer periods, and played noticeably less with other children than the "ordinary" children did. Most of the children communicated only short periods of time with an adult. Mentally retarded children needing practical help received a little more time with adults. While positive about integrating the children, none of the staff considered their own role as an active one in the integration process. Results are discussed in the context of day care centers as learning environments and implications for the development of all children. (RH)

Published
1984

3. Att Arbeta pa Daghem: Daghemspersonals upplevelse av sitt arbete. En intervjuundersokning pa 12 daghem. (To Work at a Day-Care Center).

Author

Linkoping Univ. (Sweden). Pedagogiska Inst., Ekholm, Bodil, and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

Part of a larger investigation of day care climate and children's social and emotional behavior in Sweden, this study interviewed 99 staff members at 12 day care centers about their work experiences and opinions of their work. Interviews focused on the system by which decisions are made, variation of working tasks, the meaningfulness of work, the goals of the preschool activity, the possibility of personal development for staff, the communication system, and the strain in work. Most of the personnel were to a great extent satisfied with their working conditions. Staff members thought that they had the same work tasks, despite differences in the education of preschool teachers, nurses, and special teachers guiding children's use of leisure time. Work goals were of a general nature, mostly concerning care of the children. Half of the group considered experience as being more important than education. Most respondents felt that they had too little contact with central administration and that they did not get enough feedback in their work. The splitting up of the day by different routines and the arrivals and departures of children and adults at different times were seen as strain factors. Another strain factor was working in groups of children in which the age span was very large (1 through 10 years). Personnel also indicated that they received too little further education and had too little time for work with individual children. The survey instrument is included. (RH)

Published
1985

4. Barns upplevelser av daghem. En bildenkat pa 12 daghem. (Children's Perception on Day Care: A Picture Questionaire.)

Author

Linkoping Univ. (Sweden). Pedagogiska Inst., Ekholm, Bodil, and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

A total of 145 children 4 through 6 years of age attending 12 day care centers in Sweden answered a picture questionnaire consisting of 10 stories about everyday events which might occur in the center. Each child listened individually to the stories and gave his/her answer by choosing one of two or three pictures describing possible outcomes of the event. The stories concerned peer relations, possibilities for exerting influence on decisions, care situations, general feelings about being at the center, and perception of adult reactions toward disobedience. Findings indicated that 50 percent of the children viewed peer relations as being friendly, 48 percent gave answers suggesting they could exert influence, 67 percent suggested that they perceived the adults as caring, 63 percent depicted an adult as having an angry face in situations of disobedience, and attitudes toward being at the center were ambivalent. Children's answers did not differ significantly from center to center. Some differences were found regarding age. Older children seemed to have a more positive impression of the day care center than did younger children. The picture questionnaire is included. (RH)

Published
1984

5. 12 Daghem: Beskrivning av uppfostringsklimat och sociala relationer (Twelve Day Care Centers: A Multisite Comparison of Day-Care Climate and Social Relations).

Author

Linkoping Univ. (Sweden). Pedagogiska Inst., Ekholm, Bodil, and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

Twelve day care centers in a Swedish commune were systematically observed. Centers were selected on the basis of responses to a questionnaire on attitudes about upbringing which was answered by all the personnel at the 104 day care centers in the commune. Four of the selected centers represented a so-called "present-focused" upbringing pattern, four a "future-focused" upbringing pattern, and the last four represented a mixture that was common in the commune. In this report each of the 12 centers is described according to the variables observed. These variables cover different aspects of the social relations between the children, between the children and the adults, the upbringing norms, and the patterns of control exerted. Contents also include a comparison of the centers that focuses on the traits which are common for all of the 12 centers as well as traits that are specific to the differing day care climates. This comparative analysis issues from a model of variables constituting a day care climate presented in a earlier report. (Author/RH)

Published
1984

6. Climates in Swedish Day Care Centers: Children's Behavior in Differing Centers.

Author

Hedin, Anna

Abstract

Investigated relationship between children's behavior and the child-rearing climate (future-focused, present-focused, combined) and work climate (relaxed, strained, mixed) at day care centers. Found differences in children's prosocial and collaborative behaviors in centers with future-focused or combined rearing climates and relaxed work climates compared to children in centers with present-focused rearing and strained work climates. (Author/KB)

Published
1997

7. Unlocking liberation : a study on critical pedagogy projects with Saraguro women, Ecuador

Author

Hedin, Anna and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

How can critical pedagogy (CP) further Indigenous women’s sociopolitical agency and liberation? This case study is engaging with a CP project conducted by the Ecuadorian NGO GAMMA with Indigenous Saraguro women. Given its methodological approach, the project represents an interesting case for looking into alternatives to top-down and technocratic capacity building approaches within mainstream development. Utilising qualitative methods and an analytical framework based on Freirean and mujerista conscientisation theory, I explore the experiences, ideas and practices produced by the participants throughout the project. The analysis shows the importance of a deep intertwinement between theory and practice and of paying attention to cognitive as well as emotional learning and healing processes. Moreover, it is clear that CP, as a participatory and capacity building approach, should be about learning how to co-move with learners and building a process based on people’s existing spiritual, emotional, relational and political resources. While the method is limited by structural issues, these obstacles are seen as an important part of the learning process. In conclusion, what is characterising the theory for liberation produced throughout the project is continuous learning, healing and action, but also deep patience and hope.

Published
2020

8. 'Jag lär mig mer engelska hemma än i skolan' : En hermeneutisk studie kring elevers upplevelser av muntlig kommunikation i engelska

Author

Hedin, Anna and Svegard, Linda

Subjects
Skolengelska, Pedagogy, Pedagogik, Fritidsengelska, Engelska, Andraspråk, Samtal
Abstract

Då vi lever i en allt mer globaliserad värld är det till sin fördel att bemästra det engelska språket. Det är ett internationellt problem att elever avstår samtal på engelska i engelskundervisningen. En kombination av erfarenheter och forskning påvisar att samtal på engelska har minskat i skolan medan samtal på engelska utanför skolan har ökat. Detta var ett problemområde vi ville undersöka närmare, vilket mynnade ut i följande syfte och forskningsfrågor. Med hänsyn till problemområdet är syftet med denna empiriska undersökning att förstå elevers upplevelser av muntlig kommunikation i engelska och mer specifikt besvara frågeställningarna: Hur upplever elever att samtala på engelska i och utanför skolan? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns det mellan hur elever upplever skolengelska och fritidsengelska? För att besvara frågeställningarna och uppnå studiens syfte har hermeneutik använts som teoretiskt ramverk. Insamlingsmetoderna resulterade i material från 47 enkäter och 6 intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet har tolkats med hjälp av en hermeneutisk tolkningsprocess. Resultatet visar bland annat att elever upplever samtal på engelska som roligt när det är fritt att samtala med vem man vill och om vad man vill. Resultatet visar även att elever upplever en användbarhet med att kunna samtala på engelska både i och utanför skolan. Den didaktiska implikationen är att elever bör erbjudas en större frihet när det gäller att samtala på engelska i klassrummet. Ett förslag på vidare forskning är att undersöka problemområdet kring varför elever föredrar att samtala på engelska på rasterna gentemot engelsklektionerna.

Published
2019

9. Vad motiverar elever till att samtala på engelska i klassrummet?

Author

Hedin, Anna and Svegard, Linda

Subjects
Motivation och Samtal, Didactics, Engelska, Andraspråk, Didaktik
Abstract

De senaste åren har resultat från nationella prov indikerat på att den muntliga förmågan inom engelska har avtagit. Syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt är att beskriva vad forskning säger om vad som får elever att utveckla sin muntliga kommunikation i engelska utifrån kommunikationens innehåll. Utifrån frågeställningen: Vad motiverar elever till att samtala på engelska i klassrummet? har vi systematisk tagit fram, analyserat och sammanställt vetenskapliga studier om motivation och andraspråk. Resultatet visar att spel och videosamtal motiverar elever till att samtala på engelska och att deras självbild är en viktig aspekt inom motivationen. Resultatet visar även att lärarens interaktioner i klassrummet påverkar elevers motivation till samtal. Enligt vår kunskapsöversikt säger forskningen att spel, yttre motivationsfaktorer, tekniska hjälpmedel och elevers självbild får elever att utveckla sin muntliga kommunikation i engelska. Den didaktiska implikationen av vår kunskapsöversikt är att lärare bör vara öppna för dessa fyra svar på vad som motiverar och det bör vara en del av lektionsplaneringen. Ute i verksamheten hade det varit intressant att följa upp vilken utveckling samtal på engelska får av att spela spel. Det hade även varit intressant att forska vidare kring ytterligare metoder lärare kan använda för att motivera elever till samtal på engelska.

Published
2019

10. Amorteringskravets påverkan på bostadsmarknaden : En kvalitativ studie om hur det utökade amorteringskravet påverkar bostadspriserna i Åre och Östersund

Author

Jönsson, Malin and Hedin, Anna

Subjects
Business Administration, Företagsekonomi
Abstract

Bostadspriserna har kraftigt ökat de senaste Åren i stora delar av Sverige. Ökningen av bostadspriserna har lett till högre skuldsättning. Något som Riksbanken, Regeringen och Finansinspektion ville påverka genom att införa ett utökat amorteringskrav som skulle minska den höga skuldsättningen. Kravet infördes den 1 mars 2018 som ledde till ökad amortering vid nya lån som överstiger 4,5 gånger bruttoinkomsten för låntagare. Innan införandet av kravet målade media upp en bild om att bostadspriserna kommer sjunka vilket påverkade bostadsmarknaden och dess priser. I denna kvalitativa studie undersöks det utökade amorteringskravets påverkan på bostadspriserna i Åre och Östersund samt hur priserna kommer påverkas i framtiden. Som grund till studien är det fyra intervjuer med mäklare som är verksamma i Åre och Östersund. En förändring på marknaden skedde under hösten År 2017 i Östersund. Det var i samband med medias skrivande om amorteringskravet som bostadspriserna sjönk. Marknaden i Östersund blev trögare och priserna stannade upp. I Åre skedde förändringen strax innan införandet av det skärpta amorteringskravet År 2018. Där blev även marknaden trögare, det blev färre budgivningar och svårare att få säljare och köpare att enas om ett pris. Effekten som hittills kunnat konstateras är en långsammare marknad som resulterat i fler objekt ute samtidigt. Amorteringskravet har haft en liten påverkan på bostadsmarknaden vilket har lett till dämpade bostadspriser. Det är dock svårt att fastställa om det enbart beror på det utökade amorteringskravet eller marknadsaktörernas förväntningar. Framtiden ser ut att påverka de dyra och större objekten i Åre och Östersund. Dock är det i de större städerna som bostadspriserna framförallt kommer påverkas. De yngre som ännu inte har etablerat sig på bostadsmarknaden anses vara de som kommer drabbas mest.

Published
2018

12. Impact of patient characteristics, education and knowledge on emergency room visits in patients with asthma and COPD: a descriptive and correlative study

Author

Andersson Mikael, Hedin Anna, Emtner Margareta, and Janson Christer

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background Asthma and COPD are major health problems and an extensive burden for the patient and the health care system. Patient education has been recommended, but the influence on knowledge and health outcomes is not fully examined. Our aims were to compare patient characteristics, education and knowledge in patients who had an emergency room (ER) visit, to explore factors related to disease knowledge, and to investigate patient characteristics, patient education and knowledge in relation to further ER visits over a 12 month period. Methods Eighty-four patients with asthma and 52 with COPD, who had had an ER visit, were included. They were interviewed by telephone 4 to 6 weeks after the ER visit and followed for a year. Results Patients with COPD were older, more sedentary, had had more ER visits the previous year, and had more co morbidity than patients with asthma. About 80% of the patients had received information from health professionals or participated in education/rehabilitation, but a minority (< 20%) reported that their knowledge about how to handle the disease was good. Patients with "good knowledge" were younger, were more likely to have asthma diagnose, and had a higher educational background (p < 0.05). Sixty-seven percent of the patients with COPD had repeated ER visits during the following year versus 42% in asthma (p < 0.05) (adjusted HRR: 1.73 (1.03-2.90)). Patients who had had ER visits the year before inclusion had a higher risk of ER visits the following year (adjusted HRR: 3.83 (1.99-7.38)). There were no significant differences regarding patient education and knowledge between the group with and without further ER visits after adjusting for sex, diagnose, age, and educational background. Conclusion Patients with asthma had a better self reported knowledge of disease management and were less likely to have new exacerbations than patients with COPD. Reported level of knowledge was, however, in it self not a predictor of exacerbations. This indicates that information is not sufficient to reduce the burden of disease. Patient education focused on self-management and behavioral change should be emphasized.

Published
2009
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14. Civilsamhället - demokratins vän eller fiende? : Om demokratibegreppet och statens relation till civilsamhället i den svenska politiska diskursen

Author

Hedin, Anna and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker demokratibegreppet och omgivande diskurs i svensk politisk debatt om statlig bidragsgivning till civilsamhällets organisationer, mellan 2011-2017. Inläggen i debatten tolkas genom en begrepps-, diskurs- och talhandlingsanalys och ställs samtidigt mot de centrala aspekterna av en global utveckling som kallas shrinking civic space, en utveckling som inneburit ett allt mer restriktivt klimat för civilsamhället. Detta sker i syfte att utläsa förändringstendenser i relationen mellan stat och civilsamhälle i Sverige. Undersökningen visar hur bruket av demokratibegreppet och omgivande diskurs återupprepar samma föreställningar och påståenden kring civilsamhället som har omgett den globala trenden av shrinking civic space. Demokratibegreppet och dess antites, det ”odemokratiska”, tar form inom och förstärker en diskurs där civilsamhället är en suspekt arena och där krav på hårdare kontroll av föreningar är legitimerat. Studien indikerar därför på ett förändrat förhållningssätt gentemot civilsamhället från statligt håll, präglat av misstänksamhet och säkerhetisering., This Bachelor thesis explores the conceptualization of democracy and its surrounding discourse in Swedish political debate about government grants to civil society organisations between 2011-2017. The debate is examined using a conceptual, discourse and speech act analysis, while also being compared to the global trend of shrinking civic space. This is done in order to discern tendencies in the relationship between state and civil society in Sweden. The study reveals how the concept of democracy and its surrounding discourse echo the beliefs and assertions about civil society found in the global trend of shrinking civic space. The concept of democracy and its antithesis, the “undemocratic”, take shape within and reinforce a discourse of civil society as a suspect arena, where restrictions and surveillance of non-state actors is legitimized. This indicates a change in the public approach towards civil society organisations, characterized by greater distrust and securitization.

Published
2017

15. Trakasserier i arbetslivet : En kvantitativ studie om sambandet mellan trakasserier och självskattad (o)hälsa

Author

Hedin, Anna and Isberg, Madelen

Subjects
arbetsliv, Psykologi, arbetslivet, kvinnligt, diskriminering, självskattad hälsa, harassment, män, Work Sciences, Arbetslivsstudier, self-rated health, trakasserier, gender, Psychology, manligt, kvinnor, orättvis behandling, kön
Abstract

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om en ökad upplevelse av trakasserier i arbetslivet ger en ökad självskattad (o) hälsa. Vidare undersöker studien eventuella skillnader mellan män och kvinnor. Studien genomfördes genom en internetbaserad enkät som skickades ut till 420 stycken medarbetare på en större organisation. Enkäten baserades på mätinstrumenten Harassment Scale (Savicki, Cooley och Gjesvolds, 2003) och The Karolinska Exhaustion Scale (KES) (Saboonchi, Perski & Grossi, 2012). Studiens huvudresultat visade att trakasserier påverkar den självskattade (o) hälsan inom samtliga delområden(kognitiv utmattning, störd sömn, överdriven trötthet, fysiska symptom, lättretlighet och negativa känslor) av (o)hälsan. Studien visade även att männens självskattade (o) hälsa påverkades starkare av trakasserier än vad kvinnorna påverkades inom alla förutom ett delområde. The purpose of the study was to investigate if high experienced harassment can explain high self-rated (un) health. This was done by asking 420 employees to answer an internet questionnaire consisting based on the measuring intstruments Harassment Scale (Savicki, Cooley och Gjesvolds, 2003) and The Karolinska Exhaustion Scale (KES) (Saboonchi, Perski & Grossi, 2012). The main result of the study showed that harassment in workplace has an impact on the self- rated health in all of the different areas of health (cognitive exhaustion, disturbed sleep, fatigue, somatic symptoms, irritability, negative affect) the results also showed that there is a difference between men and women consider harassments effects on the self-rated health. The results showed that men´s self-rated health was affected more than women in all of the areas except one.

Published
2016

16. Integration i Sverige, nycklar till dörrar utan lås? : en kritisk och reviderande analys av begreppet integration

Author

Hedin, Anna and Hedin, Anna

Abstract

Föreliggande arbete innehåller en begreppsanalys av det officiella begreppet integration och syftar till att undersöka vad det finns för problematik med den vedertagna förståelsen av integration i Sverige, och hur begreppets innebörd lämpligen kan revideras för att bättre uttrycka integrationspolitikens utmaningar. Utgångspunkten är den att i begreppet integration, och förståelsen av detsamma, ligger både integrationens problem, men också dess potentiella lösning. Undersökningen görs från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv vilket innebär att hur vi använder begrepp och vad vi lägger i dem i sig har politiska och samhälleliga konsekvenser. För att kunna utföra detta analyseras den svenska proposition som introducerade integrationsbegreppet, och med utgångspunkt ur den problematik som denna förståelse visar på teoretiseras en ny innebörd av begreppet integration fram, genom en analytisk form av begreppsanalys. Den analytiska begrepps-analysen tar avstamp ur teorier om demokratiskt jämlikhet, social rättvisa och intersektionalitet. Resultatet visar på en vedertagen förståelse av integration som dras med en fokus på den som ska ”integreras”, och en förenklad förståelse av diskriminering, där endast diskriminering på basis av kultur eller etnicitet adresseras, samtidigt som diskriminering inte kopplas samman med samhälleliga institutioner och sociala hierarkier. Därför riktar den analytiska och reviderande begreppsanalysen in sig på en nyförståelse av integration som adresserar ojämlika maktrelationer och diskriminerande institutioner och strukturer, med ett intersektionellt perspektiv.

Published
2016

18. Developing health impact assessment in the European Union. (Perspectives)

Author

Hubel, Michael and Hedin, Anna

Subjects
Company business management, European Union -- Social policy, Medical policy -- Management, Medical policy -- International aspects, Environmental impact analysis -- Management
Abstract

It is not surprising that the use of impact assessments has been pioneered at local and regional levels, where the potential impacts of a proposal cover a limited geographical area [...]

Published
2003

19. Motionsvanor bland gymnasieflickor - En enkätstudie om motionsvanor samt faktorer som bidrar till regelbunden motion

Author

Hedin, Anna and Wiberg, Sandra

Subjects
MEDICIN, MEDICINE, education, fungi
Abstract

Individuals of today are living in a community that encourages an inactive life. For many individuals exercise is an important part in their life and can be a health factor and contribute to the joy of living. Some environments in the individuals’ everyday life are of supportive character. These supportive environments can make it easier for the individual to make healthier choices. The goal is to examine girls’ exercise habits and the effects of supportive environments for regular exercise. The theoretical points consist of model learning and the Vygotskijs’, Säljös’ and Bourdieus’ theories of learning. Quantitative approach was chosen in form of a questionnaire. The study received the approval of the University of Kristianstad ethical committee. Fifty-two percent of the girls exercised regularly, no significant differences were found between theoretical and practical programs. Many of the girls exercised together. It didn’t matter which exercise activity the girls were participating in. It was also found that in order to keep on with a specific activity, it had to be enjoyable. The girls’ exercise habits were influenced both positively and negatively due to supportive environments. The supportive environments were: family, friends and school. The conclusion is that supportive environments are importent to regular exercise.

Published
2005

23. Impact of patient characteristics, education and knowledge on emergency room visits in patients with asthma and COPD : a descriptive and correlative study

Author

Emtner, Margareta, Hedin, Anna, Andersson, Mikael, Janson, Christer, Emtner, Margareta, Hedin, Anna, Andersson, Mikael, and Janson, Christer

Abstract

BACKGROUND Asthma and COPD are major health problems and an extensive burden for the patient and the health care system. Patient education has been recommended, but the influence on knowledge and health outcomes is not fully examined. Our aims were to compare patient characteristics, education and knowledge in patients who had an emergency room (ER) visit, to explore factors related to disease knowledge, and to investigate patient characteristics, patient education and knowledge in relation to further ER visits over a 12 month period. METHODS Eighty-four patients with asthma and 52 with COPD, who had had an ER visit, were included. They were interviewed by telephone 4 to 6 weeks after the ER visit and followed for a year. RESULTS Patients with COPD were older, more sedentary, had had more ER visits the previous year, and had more co morbidity than patients with asthma. About 80% of the patients had received information from health professionals or participated in education/rehabilitation, but a minority (< 20%) reported that their knowledge about how to handle the disease was good. Patients with "good knowledge" were younger, were more likely to have asthma diagnose, and had a higher educational background (p < 0.05). Sixty-seven percent of the patients with COPD had repeated ER visits during the following year versus 42% in asthma (p < 0.05) (adjusted HRR: 1.73 (1.03-2.90)). Patients who had had ER visits the year before inclusion had a higher risk of ER visits the following year (adjusted HRR: 3.83 (1.99-7.38)). There were no significant differences regarding patient education and knowledge between the group with and without further ER visits after adjusting for sex, diagnose, age, and educational background. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma had a better self reported knowledge of disease management and were less likely to have new exacerbations than patients with COPD. Reported level of knowledge was, however, in it self not a predictor of exacerbatio

Published
2009
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39. From different starting-points...

Author

Hedin, Anna M.

Subjects
*HOME care services, *CARE of people with disabilities, *ELDER care, *EMPLOYEES
Abstract

Presents a study that evaluated the relationship between health and psychosocial aspects of the work situation for home care workers employed in the care of the elderly and handicapped. Application of a two-group contrast design; Differences in subjective work-load and complaint frequency between the groups; Discussion on the results.

Published
1997
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41. Developing health impact assessment in the European Union.

Author

Huúbel, Michael and Hedin, Anna

Subjects
*ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, *PUBLIC health
Abstract

The use of impact assessments has been pioneered at local and regional levels, where the potential impacts of a proposal cover a limited geographical area and the projects tend to be specific and tangible, such as infrastructure plans for roads and airports. As European Union interest in health matters and powers regarding them has increased, so has its interest in intersectoral approaches to health. An initial starting point to understanding the rationale behind applying health impact assessment within the EU is to examine the legal base of its activities.

Published
2003

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