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2. Genome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Author

Barr, Cathy L., Batterson, James R., Berlin, Cheston, Budman, Cathy L., Coppola, Giovanni, Cox, Nancy J., Darrow, Sabrina, Dion, Yves, Freimer, Nelson B., Grados, Marco A., Greenberg, Erica, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Huang, Alden Y., Illmann, Cornelia, King, Robert A., Kurlan, Roger, Leckman, James F., Lyon, Gholson J., Malaty, Irene A., McMahon, William M., Neale, Benjamin M., Okun, Michael S., Osiecki, Lisa, Robertson, Mary M., Rouleau, Guy A., Sandor, Paul, Singer, Harvey S., Smit, Jan H., Sul, Jae Hoon, Androutsos, Christos, Basha, Entela, Farkas, Luca, Fichna, Jakub, Janik, Piotr, Kapisyzi, Mira, Karagiannidis, Iordanis, Koumoula, Anastasia, Nagy, Peter, Puchala, Joanna, Szejko, Natalia, Szymanska, Urszula, Tsironi, Vaia, Apter, Alan, Ball, Juliane, Bodmer, Benjamin, Bognar, Emese, Buse, Judith, Vela, Marta Correa, Fremer, Carolin, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gulisano, Mariangela, Hagen, Annelieke, Hagstrøm, Julie, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Pellico, Alessandra, Ruhrman, Daphna, Schnell, Jaana, Silvestri, Paola Rosaria, Skov, Liselotte, Steinberg, Tamar, Gloor, Friederike Tagwerker, Turner, Victoria L., Weidinger, Elif, Alexander, John, Aranyi, Tamas, Buisman, Wim R., Buitelaar, Jan K., Driessen, Nicole, Drineas, Petros, Fan, Siyan, Forde, Natalie J., Gerasch, Sarah, van den Heuvel, Odile A., Jespersgaard, Cathrine, Kanaan, Ahmad S., Möller, Harald E., Nawaz, Muhammad S., Nespoli, Ester, Pagliaroli, Luca, Poelmans, Geert, Pouwels, Petra J.W., Rizzo, Francesca, Veltman, Dick J., van der Werf, Ysbrand D., Widomska, Joanna, Zilhäo, Nuno R., Brown, Lawrence W., Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J., Fernandez, Thomas V., Gilbert, Donald L., Hong, Hyun Ju, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Kim, Eun-Joo, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett L., Maras, Athanasios, Murphy, Tara L., Shin, Eun-Young, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, State, Matthew W., Visscher, Frank, Wang, Sheng, Zinner, Samuel H., Tsetsos, Fotis, Topaloudi, Apostolia, Jain, Pritesh, Yang, Zhiyu, Yu, Dongmei, Kolovos, Petros, Tumer, Zeynep, Rizzo, Renata, Hartmann, Andreas, Depienne, Christel, Worbe, Yulia, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Cath, Danielle C., Boomsma, Dorret I., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zekanowski, Cezary, Barta, Csaba, Nemoda, Zsofia, Tarnok, Zsanett, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha S., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Grice, Dorothy, Glennon, Jeffrey, Stefansson, Hreinn, Hengerer, Bastian, Yannaki, Evangelia, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa, Cardona, Francesco, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Mueller, Norbert, Munchau, Alexander, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Roessner, Veit, Walitza, Susanne, Schrag, Anette, Martino, Davide, Tischfield, Jay A., Heiman, Gary A., Willsey, A. Jeremy, Dietrich, Andrea, Davis, Lea K., Crowley, James J., Mathews, Carol A., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Georgitsi, Marianthi, Hoekstra, Pieter J., and Paschou, Peristera

Published
2024
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3. Investigation of gene-environment interactions in relation to tic severity.

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, Yu, Dongmei, Osiecki, Lisa, King, Robert A, Fernandez, Thomas V, Brown, Lawrence W, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gilbert, Donald L, Grice, Dorothy E, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Maras, Athanasios, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Münchau, Alexander, Plessen, Kerstin J, Roessner, Veit, Shin, Eun-Young, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Visscher, Frank, Zinner, Samuel H, Mathews, Carol A, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Tischfield, Jay A, Heiman, Gary A, Dietrich, Andrea, and Hoekstra, Pieter J

Subjects
Humans, Tourette Syndrome, Tics, Severity of Illness Index, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Pregnancy, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Gene-Environment Interaction, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gene–environment interaction, Pre- and perinatal complications, Tic severity, Tourette syndrome, Mental Health, Autism, Genetics, Pediatric, Neurosciences, Serious Mental Illness, Brain Disorders, Human Genome, Neurodegenerative, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Gene-environment interaction, Psychology, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with involvement of genetic and environmental factors. We investigated genetic loci previously implicated in Tourette syndrome and associated disorders in interaction with pre- and perinatal adversity in relation to tic severity using a case-only (N = 518) design. We assessed 98 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from (I) top SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of TS; (II) top SNPs from GWASs of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (III) SNPs previously implicated in candidate-gene studies of TS; (IV) SNPs previously implicated in OCD or ASD; and (V) tagging SNPs in neurotransmitter-related candidate genes. Linear regression models were used to examine the main effects of the SNPs on tic severity, and the interaction effect of these SNPs with a cumulative pre- and perinatal adversity score. Replication was sought for SNPs that met the threshold of significance (after correcting for multiple testing) in a replication sample (N = 678). One SNP (rs7123010), previously implicated in a TS meta-analysis, was significantly related to higher tic severity. We found a gene-environment interaction for rs6539267, another top TS GWAS SNP. These findings were not independently replicated. Our study highlights the future potential of TS GWAS top hits in gene-environment studies.

Published
2021

4. Polygenic risk score-based phenome-wide association study identifies novel associations for Tourette syndrome

Author

Jain, Pritesh, Miller-Fleming, Tyne, Topaloudi, Apostolia, Yu, Dongmei, Drineas, Petros, Georgitsi, Marianthi, Yang, Zhiyu, Rizzo, Renata, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Tumer, Zeynep, Mol Debes, Nanette, Hartmann, Andreas, Depienne, Christel, Worbe, Yulia, Mir, Pablo, Cath, Danielle C., Boomsma, Dorret I., Roessner, Veit, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Janik, Piotr, Szejko, Natalia, Zekanowski, Cezary, Barta, Csaba, Nemoda, Zsofia, Tarnok, Zsanett, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Grice, Dorothy, Glennon, Jeffrey, Stefansson, Hreinn, Hengerer, Bastian, Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa, Cardona, Francesco, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Morer, Astrid, Mueller, Norbert, Munchau, Alexander, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Walitza, Susanne, Schrag, Anette, Martino, Davide, Dietrich, Andrea, Mathews, Carol A., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Davis, Lea K., and Paschou, Peristera

Published
2023
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8. Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, Londono, Douglas, Gordon, Derek, Fernandez, Thomas V, Brown, Lawrence W, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J, Elzerman, Lonneke, Fremer, Carolin, Fründt, Odette, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gilbert, Donald L, Grice, Dorothy E, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Jakubovski, Ewgeni, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Ludolph, Andrea G, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Maras, Athanasios, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L, Plessen, Kerstin J, Roessner, Veit, Shin, Eun-Young, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Tübing, Jennifer, van den Ban, Els, Visscher, Frank, Wanderer, Sina, Woods, Martin, Zinner, Samuel H, King, Robert A, Tischfield, Jay A, Heiman, Gary A, Hoekstra, Pieter J, and Dietrich, Andrea

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Psychology, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Autism, Genetics, Pediatric, Mental Health, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Tourette Syndrome, Neurodegenerative, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Family Health, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Male, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Severity of Illness Index, Tic Disorders, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Young Adult, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Candidate gene study, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, Transmission Disequilibrium Test, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

Genetic studies in Tourette syndrome (TS) are characterized by scattered and poorly replicated findings. We aimed to replicate findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our cohort included 465 probands with chronic tic disorder (93% TS) and both parents from 412 families (some probands were siblings). We assessed 75 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 465 parent-child trios; 117 additional SNPs in 211 trios; and 4 additional SNPs in 254 trios. We performed SNP and gene-based transmission disequilibrium tests and compared nominally significant SNP results with those from a large independent case-control cohort. After quality control 71 SNPs were available in 371 trios; 112 SNPs in 179 trios; and 3 SNPs in 192 trios. 17 were candidate SNPs implicated in TS and 2 were implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 142 were tagging SNPs from eight monoamine neurotransmitter-related genes (including dopamine and serotonin); 10 were top SNPs from TS GWAS; and 13 top SNPs from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, OCD, or ASD GWAS. None of the SNPs or genes reached significance after adjustment for multiple testing. We observed nominal significance for the candidate SNPs rs3744161 (TBCD) and rs4565946 (TPH2) and for five tagging SNPs; none of these showed significance in the independent cohort. Also, SLC1A1 in our gene-based analysis and two TS GWAS SNPs showed nominal significance, rs11603305 (intergenic) and rs621942 (PICALM). We found no convincing support for previously implicated genetic polymorphisms. Targeted re-sequencing should fully appreciate the relevance of candidate genes.

Published
2018

10. A Critical Examination of the Clinical Diagnosis of Functional Tic‐like Behaviors.

Author

Andersen, Kaja, Cavanna, Andrea Eugenio, Szejko, Natalia, Müller‐Vahl, Kirsten R., Hedderly, Tammy, Skov, Liselotte, and Mol Debes, Nanette

Subjects
TOURETTE syndrome, TIC disorders, BEHAVIOR disorders, YOUNG adults, NEUROLOGICAL disorders
Abstract

Background: Since the COVID‐19 pandemic, movement disorder clinics have seen an increase in patients with an unusual type of tic‐like symptoms: young adults with abrupt onset complex behaviors. It was quickly suspected that these patients suffered from functional neurological symptoms, later named Functional Tic‐Like Behaviors (FTLB). Subsequent research on the differential diagnosis between FTLB and tics has been substantial and led to the development of diagnostic checklists. Objectives: We conducted a theoretical reappraisal of the FTLB literature to clarify the validity of the concept and its diagnostic implications. Methods: This paper addresses several key aspects of the current FTLB literature: circular reasoning, the complications of the FTLB phenomenology and demographics, the impact of FTLB on tic literature at large, and issues with alignment of the FTLB concept with the diagnostic criteria for functional disorders. Results: The clinical approach to FTLB might involve circular reasoning due to a lack of clinical benchmarks. The FTLB phenomenology and demographics may need more work to ensure a lack of bias and a proper description of this patient group including a clear distinction from tics. The impact of the FTLB discussion on the wider literature needs consideration. The validation of positive signs may help with both these endeavors and pave way to the inclusion of FTLB within psychiatric classification systems. Furthermore, the coexistence of FTLB and tics within the same patient needs to be addressed. Conclusion: More research may be needed to fully establish the diagnosis of FTLB and differentiate it from tics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Diagnostic Criteria for Primary Tic Disorders: Time for Reappraisal.

Author

Sarchioto, Marianna, Frey, Jessica, Ganos, Christos, Gilbert, Donald L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hedderly, Tammy, Isaacs, David, Malaty, Irene, Martindale, Jaclyn M., Medina Escobar, Alex, Müller‐Vahl, Kirsten R., Okun, Michael S., Parnes, Mered, Sarva, Harini, Śmilowska, Katarzyna, Szejko, Natalia, Tomczak, Kinga, Worbe, Yulia, Pringsheim, Tamara, and Martino, Davide

Published
2024
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15. Pre- and perinatal complications in relation to Tourette syndrome and co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, Tischfield, Jay A, King, Robert A, Fernandez, Thomas V, Brown, Lawrence W, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J, de Bruijn, Sebastian FTM, Elzerman, Lonneke, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gilbert, Donald L, Grice, Dorothy E, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Lamerz, Andreas, Leventhal, Bennett, Ludolph, Andrea G, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Maras, Athanasios, Messchendorp, Marieke D, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L, Openneer, Thaïra JC, Plessen, Kerstin J, Rath, Judith JG, Roessner, Veit, Fründt, Odette, Shin, Eun-Young, Sival, Deborah A, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Stolte, Anne-Marie, Tübing, Jennifer, van den Ban, Els, Visscher, Frank, Wanderer, Sina, Woods, Martin, Zinner, Samuel H, State, Matthew W, Heiman, Gary A, Hoekstra, Pieter J, and Dietrich, Andrea

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Mental Health, Tourette Syndrome, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Infant Mortality, Serious Mental Illness, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Brain Disorders, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Parent-Child Relations, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Republic of Korea, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Tic Disorders, United States, Young Adult, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Delivery, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Prenatal, Tourette syndrome, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Pre- and perinatal complications have been implicated in the onset and clinical expression of Tourette syndrome albeit with considerable inconsistencies across studies. Also, little is known about their role in co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with a tic disorder. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal complications in relation to the presence and symptom severity of chronic tic disorder and co-occurring OCD and ADHD using data of 1113 participants from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics study. This study included 586 participants with a chronic tic disorder and 527 unaffected family controls. We controlled for age and sex differences by creating propensity score matched subsamples for both case-control and within-case analyses. We found that premature birth (OR = 1.72) and morning sickness requiring medical attention (OR = 2.57) were associated with the presence of a chronic tic disorder. Also, the total number of pre- and perinatal complications was higher in those with a tic disorder (OR = 1.07). Furthermore, neonatal complications were related to the presence (OR = 1.46) and severity (b = 2.27) of co-occurring OCD and also to ADHD severity (b = 1.09). Delivery complications were only related to co-occurring OCD (OR = 1.49). We conclude that early exposure to adverse situations during pregnancy is related to the presence of chronic tic disorders. Exposure at a later stage, at birth or during the first weeks of life, appears to be associated with co-occurring OCD and ADHD.

Published
2016

16. Interoceptive Accuracy in Youth with Tic Disorders: Exploring Links with Premonitory Urge, Anxiety and Quality of Life

Author

Pile, Victoria, Lau, Jennifer Y. F., Topor, Marta, Hedderly, Tammy, and Robinson, Sally

Abstract

Aberrant interoceptive accuracy could contribute to the co-occurrence of anxiety and premonitory urge in chronic tic disorders (CTD). If it can be manipulated through intervention, it would offer a transdiagnostic treatment target for tics and anxiety. Interoceptive accuracy was first assessed consistent with previous protocols and then re-assessed following an instruction attempting to experimentally enhance awareness. The CTD group demonstrated lower interoceptive accuracy than controls but, importantly, this group difference was no longer significant following instruction. In the CTD group, better interoceptive accuracy was associated with higher anxiety and lower quality of life, but not with premonitory urge. Aberrant interoceptive accuracy may represent an underlying trait in CTD that can be manipulated, and relates to anxiety and quality of life.

Published
2018
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17. Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Lee, Phil H., Anttila, Verneri, Won, Hyejung, Feng, Yen-Chen A., Rosenthal, Jacob, Zhu, Zhaozhong, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Nivard, Michel G., Grotzinger, Andrew D., Posthuma, Danielle, Wang, Meg M.-J., Yu, Dongmei, Stahl, Eli A., Walters, Raymond K., Anney, Richard J.L., Duncan, Laramie E., Ge, Tian, Adolfsson, Rolf, Banaschewski, Tobias, Belangero, Sintia, Cook, Edwin H., Coppola, Giovanni, Derks, Eske M., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Kaprio, Jaakko, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kirov, George, Kranzler, Henry R., Luykx, Jurjen J., Rohde, Luis A., Zai, Clement C., Agerbo, Esben, Arranz, M.J., Asherson, Philip, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Baldursson, Gísli, Bellgrove, Mark, Belliveau, Richard A., Jr., Buitelaar, Jan, Burton, Christie L., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Casas, Miquel, Cerrato, Felecia, Chambert, Kimberly, Churchhouse, Claire, Cormand, Bru, Crosbie, Jennifer, Dalsgaard, Søren, Demontis, Ditte, Doyle, Alysa E., Dumont, Ashley, Elia, Josephine, Grove, Jakob, Gudmundsson, Olafur O., Haavik, Jan, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hansen, Christine S., Hartman, Catharina A., Hawi, Ziarih, Hervás, Amaia, Hougaard, David M., Howrigan, Daniel P., Huang, Hailiang, Kuntsi, Jonna, Langley, Kate, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Leung, Patrick W.L., Loo, Sandra K., Martin, Joanna, Martin, Alicia R., McGough, James J., Medland, Sarah E., Moran, Jennifer L., Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B., Oades, Robert D., Palmer, Duncan S., Pedersen, Carsten B., Pedersen, Marianne G., Peters, Triinu, Poterba, Timothy, Poulsen, Jesper B., Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Ribasés, Marta, Rothenberger, Aribert, Rovira, Paula, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Schachar, Russell, Artigas, Maria Soler, Steinberg, Stacy, Stefansson, Hreinn, Turley, Patrick, Walters, G. Bragi, Werge, Thomas, Zayats, Tetyana, Arking, Dan E., Bettella, Francesco, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Christensen, Jane H., Collins, Ryan L., Coon, Hilary, De Rubeis, Silvia, Delorme, Richard, Grice, Dorothy E., Hansen, Thomas F., Holmans, Peter A., Hope, Sigrun, Hultman, Christina M., Klei, Lambertus, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Magnusson, Pall, Nærland, Terje, Nyegaard, Mette, Pinto, Dalila, Qvist, Per, Rehnström, Karola, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reichert, Jennifer, Roeder, Kathryn, Rouleau, Guy A., Saemundsen, Evald, Sanders, Stephan J., Sandin, Sven, St Pourcain, Beate, Stefansson, Kari, Sutcliffe, James S., Talkowski, Michael E., Weiss, Lauren A., Willsey, A. Jeremy, Agartz, Ingrid, Akil, Huda, Albani, Diego, Alda, Martin, Als, Thomas D., Anjorin, Adebayo, Backlund, Lena, Bass, Nicholas, Bauer, Michael, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Bergen, Sarah E., Berrettini, Wade H., Biernacka, Joanna M., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Bøen, Erlend, Budde, Monika, Bunney, William, Burmeister, Margit, Byerley, William, Byrne, Enda M., Cichon, Sven, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Craddock, Nicholas, Curtis, David, Czerski, Piotr M., Dale, Anders M., Dalkner, Nina, Dannlowski, Udo, Degenhardt, Franziska, Di Florio, Arianna, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Etain, Bruno, Fischer, Sascha B., Forstner, Andreas J., Forty, Liz, Frank, Josef, Frye, Mark, Fullerton, Janice M., Gade, Katrin, Gaspar, Héléna A., Gershon, Elliot S., Gill, Michael, Goes, Fernando S., Gordon, Scott D., Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Green, Melissa J., Greenwood, Tiffany A., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Guzman-Parra, José, Hauser, Joanna, Hautzinger, Martin, Heilbronner, Urs, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Holland, Dominic, Jamain, Stéphane, Jones, Ian, Jones, Lisa A., Kandaswamy, Radhika, Kelsoe, John R., Kennedy, James L., Joachim, Oedegaard Ketil, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koller, Anna C., Lavebratt, Catharina, Lewis, Cathryn M., Li, Qingqin S., Lissowska, Jolanta, Loohuis, Loes M.O., Lucae, Susanne, Maaser, Anna, Malt, Ulrik F., Martin, Nicholas G., Martinsson, Lina, McElroy, Susan L., McMahon, Francis J., McQuillin, Andrew, Melle, Ingrid, Metspalu, Andres, Millischer, Vincent, Mitchell, Philip B., Montgomery, Grant W., Morken, Gunnar, Morris, Derek W., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Mullins, Niamh, Myers, Richard M., Nievergelt, Caroline M., Nordentoft, Merete, Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin, Nöthen, Markus M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Michael J., Paciga, Sara A., Pato, Carlos N., Pato, Michele T., Perlis, Roy H., Perry, Amy, Potash, James B., Reinbold, Céline S., Rietschel, Marcella, Rivera, Margarita, Roberson, Mary, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Schulze, Thomas G., Scott, Laura J., Serretti, Alessandro, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Smeland, Olav B., Stordal, Eystein, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Treutlein, Jens, Turecki, Gustavo, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Vincent, John B., Wang, Yunpeng, Witt, Stephanie H., Zandi, Peter, Adan, Roger A.H., Alfredsson, Lars, Ando, Tetsuya, Aschauer, Harald, Baker, Jessica H., Bencko, Vladimir, Bergen, Andrew W., Birgegård, Andreas, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Brandt, Harry, Burghardt, Roland, Carlberg, Laura, Cassina, Matteo, Clementi, Maurizio, Courtet, Philippe, Crawford, Steven, Crow, Scott, Crowley, James J., Danner, Unna N., Davis, Oliver S.P., Degortes, Daniela, DeSocio, Janiece E., Dick, Danielle M., Dina, Christian, Docampo, Elisa, Egberts, Karin, Ehrlich, Stefan, Espeseth, Thomas, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, Fichter, Manfred M., Foretova, Lenka, Forzan, Monica, Gambaro, Giovanni, Giegling, Ina, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Gorwood, Philip, Mayora, Monica Gratacos, Guo, Yiran, Halmi, Katherine A., Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Hebebrand, Johannes, Helder, Sietske G., Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Herzog, Wolfgang, Hinney, Anke, Imgart, Hartmut, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Johnson, Craig, Jordan, Jennifer, Julià, Antonio, Kaminská, Deborah, Karhunen, Leila, Karwautz, Andreas, Kas, Martien J.H., Kaye, Walter H., Kennedy, Martin A., Kim, Youl-Ri, Klareskog, Lars, Klump, Kelly L., Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Landén, Mikael, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Levitan, Robert D., Li, Dong, Lichtenstein, Paul, Maj, Mario, Marsal, Sara, McDevitt, Sara, Mitchell, James, Monteleone, Palmiero, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A., Nacmias, Benedetta, Navratilova, Marie, O’Toole, Julie K., Padyukov, Leonid, Pantel, Jacques, Papezova, Hana, Rabionet, Raquel, Raevuori, Anu, Ramoz, Nicolas, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Ricca, Valdo, Roberts, Marion, Rujescu, Dan, Rybakowski, Filip, Scherag, André, Schmidt, Ulrike, Seitz, Jochen, Slachtova, Lenka, Slof-Op‘t Landt, Margarita C.T., Slopien, Agnieszka, Sorbi, Sandro, Southam, Lorraine, Strober, Michael, Tortorella, Alfonso, Tozzi, Federica, Treasure, Janet, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, van Elburg, Annemarie A., Wade, Tracey D., Wagner, Gudrun, Walton, Esther, Watson, Hunna J., Wichmann, H-Erich, Woodside, D. Blake, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zerwas, Stephanie, Zipfel, Stephan, Adams, Mark J., Andlauer, Till F.M., Berger, Klaus, Binder, Elisabeth B., Boomsma, Dorret I., Castelao, Enrique, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Direk, Nese, Docherty, Anna R., Domenici, Enrico, Domschke, Katharina, Dunn, Erin C., Foo, Jerome C., de. Geus, E.J.C., Grabe, Hans J., Hamilton, Steven P., Horn, Carsten, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Howard, David, Ising, Marcus, Kloiber, Stefan, Levinson, Douglas F., Lewis, Glyn, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Mbarek, Hamdi, Middeldorp, Christel M., Mostafavi, Sara, Nyholt, Dale R., Penninx, Brenda WJH., Peterson, Roseann E., Pistis, Giorgio, Porteous, David J., Preisig, Martin, Quiroz, Jorge A., Schaefer, Catherine, Schulte, Eva C., Shi, Jianxin, Smith, Daniel J., Thomson, Pippa A., Tiemeier, Henning, Uher, Rudolf, van der Auwera, Sandra, Weissman, Myrna M., Alexander, Madeline, Begemann, Martin, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy G., Cairns, Murray J., Campion, Dominique, Carr, Vaughan J., Cloninger, C. Robert, Cohen, David, Collier, David A., Corvin, Aiden, DeLisi, Lynn E., Donohoe, Gary, Dudbridge, Frank, Duan, Jubao, Freedman, Robert, Gejman, Pablo V., Golimbet, Vera, Godard, Stephanie, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Hartmann, Annette M., Henskens, Frans A., Ikeda, Masashi, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Joa, Inge, Jönsson, Erik G., Kelly, Brian J., Knight, Jo, Konte, Bettina, Laurent-Levinson, Claudine, Lee, Jimmy, Lencz, Todd, Lerer, Bernard, Loughland, Carmel M., Malhotra, Anil K., Mallet, Jacques, McDonald, Colm, Mitjans, Marina, Mowry, Bryan J., Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., O’Neill, F. Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Palotie, Aarno, Pantelis, Christos, Pulver, Ann E., Petryshen, Tracey L., Quested, Digby J., Riley, Brien, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Scott, Rodney J., Sham, Pak C., Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Steixner, Agnes A., Tooney, Paul A., van Os, Jim, Vawter, Marquis P., Walsh, Dermot, Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Wormley, Brandon K., Zhang, Fuquan, Androutsos, Christos, Arnold, Paul D., Barr, Cathy L., Barta, Csaba, Bey, Katharina, Bienvenu, O. Joseph, Black, Donald W., Brown, Lawrence W., Budman, Cathy, Cath, Danielle, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Ciullo, Valentina, Coffey, Barbara J., Cusi, Daniele, Davis, Lea K., Denys, Damiaan, Depienne, Christel, Dietrich, Andrea, Eapen, Valsamma, Falkai, Peter, Fernandez, Thomas V., Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Geller, Daniel A., Gilbert, Donald L., Grados, Marco A., Greenberg, Erica, Grünblatt, Edna, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hedderly, Tammy, Heiman, Gary A., Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Khramtsova, Ekaterina A., Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, King, Robert A., Koh, Yun-Joo, Konstantinidis, Anastasios, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett L., Lochner, Christine, Ludolph, Andrea G., Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene, Maras, Athanasios, McCracken, James T., Meijer, Inge A., Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L., Naarden, Allan, Nagy, Peter, Nestadt, Gerald, Nestadt, Paul S., Nicolini, Humberto, Nurmi, Erika L., Okun, Michael S., Paschou, Peristera, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin J., Richter, Margaret A., Rizzo, Renata, Robertson, Mary, Roessner, Veit, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Schlögelhofer, Monika, Shin, Eun-Young, Singer, Harvey, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stein, Dan J., Stewart, S Evelyn, Storch, Eric A., Stranger, Barbara, Stuhrmann, Manfred, Tarnok, Zsanett, Tischfield, Jay A., Tübing, Jennifer, Visscher, Frank, Vulink, Nienke, Wagner, Michael, Walitza, Susanne, Wanderer, Sina, Woods, Martin, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Zinner, Samuel H., Sullivan, Patrick F., Franke, Barbara, Daly, Mark J., Bulik, Cynthia M., McIntosh, Andrew M., O’Donovan, Michael C., Zheutlin, Amanda, Andreassen, Ole A., Børglum, Anders D., Breen, Gerome, Edenberg, Howard J., Fanous, Ayman H., Faraone, Stephen V., Gelernter, Joel, Mathews, Carol A., Mattheisen, Manuel, Mitchell, Karen S., Neale, Michael C., Nurnberger, John I., Ripke, Stephan, Santangelo, Susan L., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Stein, Murray B., Thornton, Laura M., Walters, James T.R., Wray, Naomi R., Geschwind, Daniel H., Neale, Benjamin M., Kendler, Kenneth S., and Smoller, Jordan W.

Published
2019
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20. De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, Arbelaez, Juan, Bodmer, Benjamin, Bromberg, Yana, Brown, Lawrence W., Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J., Deng, Li, Dietrich, Andrea, Dong, Shan, Duhn, Clif, Elzerman, Lonneke, Fernandez, Thomas V., Fremer, Carolin, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gilbert, Donald L., Grice, Dorothy E., Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy, Heiman, Gary A., Heyman, Isobel, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hong, Hyun Ju, Huyser, Chaim, Kim, Eun-Joo, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, King, Robert A., Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett L, Ludolph, Andrea G., Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Mandell, Jeffrey D., Maras, Athanasios, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Morris, Montana T, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L., Nasello, Cara, Plessen, Kerstin J., Poisner, Hannah, Roessner, Veit, Sanders, Stephan J., Shin, Eun-Young, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, State, Matthew W., Sun, Nawei, Thackray, Joshua K., Tischfield, Jay A., Tübing, Jennifer, Visscher, Frank, Wanderer, Sina, Wang, Sheng, Willsey, A Jeremy, Woods, Martin, Xing, Jinchuan, Zhang, Yeting, Zhao, Xin, Zinner, Samuel H., Androutsos, Christos, Barta, Csaba, Farkas, Luca, Fichna, Jakub, Georgitsi, Marianthi, Janik, Piotr, Karagiannidis, Iordanis, Koumoula, Anastasia, Nagy, Peter, Paschou, Peristera, Puchala, Joanna, Rizzo, Renata, Szejko, Natalia, Szymanska, Urszula, Tarnok, Zsanett, Tsironi, Vaia, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zekanowski, Cezary, Barr, Cathy L., Batterson, James R., Berlin, Cheston, Bruun, Ruth D., Budman, Cathy L., Cath, Danielle C., Chouinard, Sylvain, Coppola, Giovanni, Cox, Nancy J., Darrow, Sabrina, Davis, Lea K., Dion, Yves, Freimer, Nelson B., Grados, Marco A., Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Huang, Alden Y., Illmann, Cornelia, Kurlan, Roger, Leckman, James F., Lyon, Gholson J., Malaty, Irene A., Mathews, Carol A., MacMahon, William M., Neale, Benjamin M., Okun, Michael S., Osiecki, Lisa, Pauls, David L., Posthuma, Danielle, Ramensky, Vasily, Robertson, Mary M., Rouleau, Guy A., Sandor, Paul, Scharf, Jeremiah M., Singer, Harvey S., Smit, Jan, Sul, Jae-Hoon, Yu, Dongmei, Kumar, Yogesh, Morris, Montana T., Yang, Zhiyu, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha S., Khalifa, Najah, Dahl, Niklas, Buxbaum, Joseph D., De Rubeis, Silvia, and Willsey, A. Jeremy

Published
2018
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23. De Novo Coding Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, Bohnenpoll, Julia, Bromberg, Yana, Brown, Lawrence W., Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J., Deng, Li, Dietrich, Andrea, Dong, Shan, Elzerman, Lonneke, Fernandez, Thomas V., Fründt, Odette, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gedvilaite, Erika, Gilbert, Donald L., Grice, Dorothy E., Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy, Heiman, Gary A., Heyman, Isobel, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hong, Hyun Ju, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, King, Robert A., Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Lamerz, Andreas, Leventhal, Bennett, Ludolph, Andrea G., Lühr da Silva, Claudia, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Mandell, Jeffrey D., Maras, Athanasios, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L., Nasello, Cara, Openneer, Thaïra J.C., Plessen, Kerstin J., Richer, Petra, Roessner, Veit, Sanders, Stephan, Shin, Eun-Young, Sival, Deborah A., Smith, Louw, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, State, Matthew W., Stolte, Anne Marie, Sun, Nawei, Tischfield, Jay A., Tübing, Jennifer, Visscher, Frank, Walker, Michael F., Wanderer, Sina, Wang, Shuoguo, Willsey, A. Jeremy, Woods, Martin, Xing, Jinchuan, Zhang, Yeting, Zhou, Anbo, Zinner, Samuel H., Barr, Cathy L., Batterson, James R., Berlin, Cheston, Bruun, Ruth D., Budman, Cathy L., Cath, Danielle C., Chouinard, Sylvain, Coppola, Giovanni, Cox, Nancy J., Darrow, Sabrina, Davis, Lea K., Dion, Yves, Freimer, Nelson B., Grados, Marco A., Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Huang, Alden Y., Illmann, Cornelia, Kurlan, Roger, Leckman, James F., Lyon, Gholson J., Malaty, Irene A., Mathews, Carol A., MaMahon, William M., Neale, Benjamin M., Okun, Michael S., Osiecki, Lisa, Pauls, David L., Posthuma, Danielle, Ramensky, Vasily, Robertson, Mary M., Rouleau, Guy A., Sandor, Paul, Scharf, Jeremiah M., Singer, Harvey S., Smit, Jan, Sul, Jae-Hoon, Yu, Dongmei, Sanders, Stephan J., and Samocha, Kaitlin E.

Published
2017
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24. European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome 2022 criteria for clinical diagnosis of functional tic-like behaviours:International consensus from experts in tic disorders

Author

Pringsheim, Tamara, Ganos, Christos, Nilles, Christelle, Cavanna, Andrea E., Gilbert, Donald L., Greenberg, Erica, Hartmann, Andreas, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Liang, Holan, Malaty, Irene, Malik, Osman, Debes, Nanette Mol, Vahl, Kirsten Muller, Munchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara, Nagy, Peter, Owen, Tamsin, Rizzo, Renata, Skov, Liselotte, Stern, Jeremy, Szejko, Natalia, Worbe, Yulia, Martino, Davide, Pringsheim, Tamara, Ganos, Christos, Nilles, Christelle, Cavanna, Andrea E., Gilbert, Donald L., Greenberg, Erica, Hartmann, Andreas, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Liang, Holan, Malaty, Irene, Malik, Osman, Debes, Nanette Mol, Vahl, Kirsten Muller, Munchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara, Nagy, Peter, Owen, Tamsin, Rizzo, Renata, Skov, Liselotte, Stern, Jeremy, Szejko, Natalia, Worbe, Yulia, and Martino, Davide

Abstract

Background and purpose: In 2020, health professionals witnessed a dramatic increase in referrals of young people with rapid onset of severe tic-like behaviours. We assembled a working group to develop criteria for the clinical diagnosis of functional tic-like behaviours (FTLBs) to help neurologists, pediatricians, psychiatrists, and psychologists recognize and diagnose this condition. Methods: We used a formal consensus development process, using a multiround, web-based Delphi survey. The survey was based on an in-person discussion at the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) meeting in Lausanne in June 2022. Members of an invited group with extensive clinical experience working with patients with Tourette syndrome and FTLBs discussed potential clinical criteria for diagnosis of FTLBs. An initial set of criteria were developed based on common clinical experiences and review of the literature on FTLBs and revised through iterative discussions, resulting in the survey items for voting. Results: In total, 24 members of the working group were invited to participate in the Delphi process. We propose that there are three major criteria and two minor criteria to support the clinical diagnosis of FTLBs. A clinically definite diagnosis of FTLBs can be confirmed by the presence of all three major criteria. A clinically probable diagnosis of FTLBs can be confirmed by the presence of two major criteria and one minor criterion. Conclusions: Distinguishing FTLBs from primary tics is important due to the distinct treatment paths required for these two conditions. A limitation of the ESSTS 2022 criteria is that they lack prospective testing of their sensitivity and specificity.

Published
2023

25. Polygenic risk score-based phenome-wide association study identifies novel associations for Tourette syndrome

Author

National Institutes of Health (US), Lundbeck Foundation, German Research Foundation, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), Jain, Pritesh, Miller-Fleming, Tyne, Topaloudi, Apostolia, Yu, Dongmei, Drineas, Petros, Georgitsi, Marianthi, Yang, Zhiyu, Rizzo, Renata, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Tumer, Zeynep, Mol Debes, Nanette, Hartmann, Andreas, Depienne, Christel, Worbe, Yulia, Mir, Pablo, Cath, Danielle, Boomsma, Dorret I., Roessner, Veit, Wolańczyk, Tomasz, Janik, Piotr, Szejko, Natalia, Zekanowski, Cezary, Barta, Csaba, Nemoda, Zsofia, Tarnok, Zsanett, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Grice, Dorothy, Glennon, Jeffrey, Stefansson, Hreinn, Hengerer, Bastian, Benaroya‑Milshtein, Noa, Cardona, Francesco, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Morer, Astrid, Mueller, Norbert, Münchau, Alexander, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Walitza, Susanne, Schrag, Anette, Martino, Davide, The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Tourette Syndrome Working Group (PGC-TS), The EMTICS collaborative group, Dietrich, Andrea, The TS-EUROTRAIN Network, Mathews, Carol A., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Davis, Lea K., Paschou, Peristera, National Institutes of Health (US), Lundbeck Foundation, German Research Foundation, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), Jain, Pritesh, Miller-Fleming, Tyne, Topaloudi, Apostolia, Yu, Dongmei, Drineas, Petros, Georgitsi, Marianthi, Yang, Zhiyu, Rizzo, Renata, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Tumer, Zeynep, Mol Debes, Nanette, Hartmann, Andreas, Depienne, Christel, Worbe, Yulia, Mir, Pablo, Cath, Danielle, Boomsma, Dorret I., Roessner, Veit, Wolańczyk, Tomasz, Janik, Piotr, Szejko, Natalia, Zekanowski, Cezary, Barta, Csaba, Nemoda, Zsofia, Tarnok, Zsanett, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Grice, Dorothy, Glennon, Jeffrey, Stefansson, Hreinn, Hengerer, Bastian, Benaroya‑Milshtein, Noa, Cardona, Francesco, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Morer, Astrid, Mueller, Norbert, Münchau, Alexander, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Walitza, Susanne, Schrag, Anette, Martino, Davide, The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Tourette Syndrome Working Group (PGC-TS), The EMTICS collaborative group, Dietrich, Andrea, The TS-EUROTRAIN Network, Mathews, Carol A., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Davis, Lea K., and Paschou, Peristera

Abstract

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics lasting more than a year. It is highly polygenic in nature with both rare and common previously associated variants. Epidemiological studies have shown TS to be correlated with other phenotypes, but large-scale phenome wide analyses in biobank level data have not been performed to date. In this study, we used the summary statistics from the latest meta-analysis of TS to calculate the polygenic risk score (PRS) of individuals in the UK Biobank data and applied a Phenome Wide Association Study (PheWAS) approach to determine the association of disease risk with a wide range of phenotypes. A total of 57 traits were found to be significantly associated with TS polygenic risk, including multiple psychosocial factors and mental health conditions such as anxiety disorder and depression. Additional associations were observed with complex non-psychiatric disorders such as Type 2 diabetes, heart palpitations, and respiratory conditions. Cross-disorder comparisons of phenotypic associations with genetic risk for other childhood-onset disorders (e.g.: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], and obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]) indicated an overlap in associations between TS and these disorders. ADHD and ASD had a similar direction of effect with TS while OCD had an opposite direction of effect for all traits except mental health factors. Sex-specific PheWAS analysis identified differences in the associations with TS genetic risk between males and females. Type 2 diabetes and heart palpitations were significantly associated with TS risk in males but not in females, whereas diseases of the respiratory system were associated with TS risk in females but not in males. This analysis provides further evidence of shared genetic and phenotypic architecture of different complex disorders.

Published
2023

27. Deep phenotyping of 89 xeroderma pigmentosum patients reveals unexpected heterogeneity dependent on the precise molecular defect

Author

Fassihi, Hiva, Sethi, Mieran, Fawcett, Heather, Wing, Jonathan, Chandler, Natalie, Mohammed, Shehla, Craythorne, Emma, S. Morley, Ana M., Lim, Rongxuan, Turner, Sally, Henshaw, Tanya, Garrood, Isabel, Giunti, Paola, Hedderly, Tammy, Abiona, Adesoji, Naik, Harsha, Harrop, Gemma, McGibbon, David, Jaspers, Nicolaas G. J., Botta, Elena, Nardo, Tiziana, Stefanini, Miria, Young, Antony R., Sarkany, Robert P. E., and Lehmann, Alan R.

Published
2016

29. Genome-wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Author

Tsetsos, Fotis, primary, Topaloudi, Apostolia, additional, Jain, Pritesh, additional, Yang, Zhiyu, additional, Yu, Dongmei, additional, Kolovos, Petros, additional, Tumer, Zeynep, additional, Rizzo, Renata, additional, Hartmann, Andreas, additional, Depienne, Christel, additional, Worbe, Yulia, additional, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., additional, Cath, Danielle C., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, additional, Zekanowski, Cezary, additional, Barta, Csaba, additional, Nemoda, Zsofia, additional, Tarnok, Zsanett, additional, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha S., additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Grice, Dorothy, additional, Glennon, Jeffrey, additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Hengerer, Bastian, additional, Yannaki, Evangelia, additional, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., additional, Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa, additional, Cardona, Francesco, additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Mir, Pablo, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Mueller, Norbert, additional, Munchau, Alexander, additional, Plessen, Kerstin J., additional, Porcelli, Cesare, additional, Roessner, Veit, additional, Walitza, Susanne, additional, Schrag, Anette, additional, Martino, Davide, additional, Tischfield, Jay A., additional, Heiman, Gary A., additional, Willsey, A. Jeremy, additional, Dietrich, Andrea, additional, Davis, Lea K., additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Mathews, Carol A., additional, Scharf, Jeremiah M., additional, Georgitsi, Marianthi, additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J., additional, Paschou, Peristera, additional, Barr, Cathy L., additional, Batterson, James R., additional, Berlin, Cheston, additional, Budman, Cathy L., additional, Coppola, Giovanni, additional, Cox, Nancy J., additional, Darrow, Sabrina, additional, Dion, Yves, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Grados, Marco A., additional, Greenberg, Erica, additional, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., additional, Huang, Alden Y., additional, Illmann, Cornelia, additional, King, Robert A., additional, Kurlan, Roger, additional, Leckman, James F., additional, Lyon, Gholson J., additional, Malaty, Irene A., additional, McMahon, William M., additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Okun, Michael S., additional, Osiecki, Lisa, additional, Robertson, Mary M., additional, Rouleau, Guy A., additional, Sandor, Paul, additional, Singer, Harvey S., additional, Smit, Jan H., additional, Sul, Jae Hoon, additional, Androutsos, Christos, additional, Basha, Entela, additional, Farkas, Luca, additional, Fichna, Jakub, additional, Janik, Piotr, additional, Kapisyzi, Mira, additional, Karagiannidis, Iordanis, additional, Koumoula, Anastasia, additional, Nagy, Peter, additional, Puchala, Joanna, additional, Szejko, Natalia, additional, Szymanska, Urszula, additional, Tsironi, Vaia, additional, Apter, Alan, additional, Ball, Juliane, additional, Bodmer, Benjamin, additional, Bognar, Emese, additional, Buse, Judith, additional, Vela, Marta Correa, additional, Fremer, Carolin, additional, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, additional, Gulisano, Mariangela, additional, Hagen, Annelieke, additional, Hagstrøm, Julie, additional, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, additional, Pellico, Alessandra, additional, Ruhrman, Daphna, additional, Schnell, Jaana, additional, Silvestri, Paola Rosaria, additional, Skov, Liselotte, additional, Steinberg, Tamar, additional, Gloor, Friederike Tagwerker, additional, Turner, Victoria L., additional, Weidinger, Elif, additional, Alexander, John, additional, Aranyi, Tamas, additional, Buisman, Wim R., additional, Buitelaar, Jan K., additional, Driessen, Nicole, additional, Drineas, Petros, additional, Fan, Siyan, additional, Forde, Natalie J., additional, Gerasch, Sarah, additional, van den Heuvel, Odile A., additional, Jespersgaard, Cathrine, additional, Kanaan, Ahmad S., additional, Möller, Harald E., additional, Nawaz, Muhammad S., additional, Nespoli, Ester, additional, Pagliaroli, Luca, additional, Poelmans, Geert, additional, Pouwels, Petra J.W., additional, Rizzo, Francesca, additional, Veltman, Dick J., additional, van der Werf, Ysbrand D., additional, Widomska, Joanna, additional, Zilhäo, Nuno R., additional, Brown, Lawrence W., additional, Cheon, Keun-Ah, additional, Coffey, Barbara J., additional, Fernandez, Thomas V., additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Hong, Hyun Ju, additional, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, additional, Kim, Eun-Joo, additional, Kim, Young Key, additional, Kim, Young-Shin, additional, Koh, Yun-Joo, additional, Kook, Sodahm, additional, Kuperman, Samuel, additional, Leventhal, Bennett L., additional, Maras, Athanasios, additional, Murphy, Tara L., additional, Shin, Eun-Young, additional, Song, Dong-Ho, additional, Song, Jungeun, additional, State, Matthew W., additional, Visscher, Frank, additional, Wang, Sheng, additional, and Zinner, Samuel H., additional

Published
2023
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30. European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome 2022 criteria for clinical diagnosis of functional tic‐like behaviours: International consensus from experts in tic disorders

Author

Pringsheim, Tamara, primary, Ganos, Christos, additional, Nilles, Christelle, additional, Cavanna, Andrea E., additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Greenberg, Erica, additional, Hartmann, Andreas, additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Liang, Holan, additional, Malaty, Irene, additional, Malik, Osman, additional, Debes, Nanette Mol, additional, Vahl, Kirsten Muller, additional, Munchau, Alexander, additional, Murphy, Tara, additional, Nagy, Peter, additional, Owen, Tamsin, additional, Rizzo, Renata, additional, Skov, Liselotte, additional, Stern, Jeremy, additional, Szejko, Natalia, additional, Worbe, Yulia, additional, and Martino, Davide, additional

Published
2023
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34. The spectrum of functional tic‐like behaviours: Data from an international registry

Author

Martino, Davide, primary, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Murphy, Tara, additional, Müller‐Vahl, Kirsten R., additional, Dale, Russell C., additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Rizzo, Renata, additional, Hartmann, Andreas, additional, Nagy, Peter, additional, Anheim, Mathieu, additional, Owen, Tamsin, additional, Malik, Osman, additional, Duncan, Morvwen, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Liang, Holan, additional, McWilliams, Andrew, additional, O'Dwyer, Shauna, additional, Fremer, Carolin, additional, Szejko, Natalia, additional, Han, Velda X., additional, Kozlowska, Kasia, additional, and Pringsheim, Tamara M., additional

Published
2022
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37. Hair cortisol-a stress marker in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders? A large European cross-sectional study

Author

Judith, Buse, Josefine, Rothe, Anne, Uhlmann, Benjamin, Bodmer, Clemens, Kirschbaum, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Andrea, Dietrich, Veit, Roessner, EMTICS collaborative group: Alan Apter, Baglioni, Valentina, Juliane, Ball, Noa, Benaroya-Milshtein, Emese, Bognar, Bianka, Burger, Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Marta Correa Vela, Maria Cristina Ferro, Blanca, Garcia-Delgar, Mariangela, Gulisano, Annelieke, Hagen, Julie, Hagstrøm, Hedderly, Tammy J., Isobel, Heyman, Chaim, Huyser, Marcos, Madruga-Garrido, Martino, Davide, Pablo, Mir, Astrid, Morer, Kirsten, Müller-Vahl, Alexander, Münchau, Peter, Nagy, Neri, Valeria, Openneer, Thaïra J. C., Pellico, Alessandra, Plessen, Kerstin J., Cesare, Porcelli, Rizzo, Renata, Daphna, Ruhrman, Schnell, Jaana M. L., Anette, Schrag, Silvestri, PAOLA ROSARIA, Liselotte, Skov, Tamar, Steinberg, Friederike Tagwerker Gloor, Zsanett Tarnok &amp, Elif, Weidinger, EMTICS collaborative group, Apter, A., Baglioni, V., Ball, J., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Bodmer, B., Bognar, E., Burger, B., Buse, J., Cardona, F., Vela, M.C., Dietrich, A., Ferro, M.C., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gulisano, M., Hagen, A., Hagstrøm, J., Hedderly, T.J., Heyman, I., Hoekstra, P.J., Huyser, C., Madruga-Garrido, M., Martino, D., Mir, P., Morer, A., Müller-Vahl, K., Münchau, A., Nagy, P., Neri, V., Openneer, TJC, Pellico, A., Plessen, K.J., Porcelli, C., Rizzo, R., Roessner, V., Ruhrman, D., Schnell, JML, Schrag, A., Silvestri, P.R., Skov, L., Steinberg, T., Gloor, F.T., Tarnok, Z., Weidinger, E., and Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP)

Subjects
BIOMARKER, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hydrocortisone, GENETICS, Tics, RESPONSIVITY, Cross-sectional study, Chronic tic disorders, Emotional and behavioral problems, Physiological stress marker, Psychosocial stress, Tourette, Tourette syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biomarkers, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hair, Humans, Tic Disorders/diagnosis, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Medicine, ASSOCIATIONS, business.industry, TOURETTE-SYNDROME, Stressor, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, General Medicine, medicine.disease, PREVALENCE, 030227 psychiatry, INDIVIDUALS, Psychiatry and Mental health, PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Biomarker (medicine), STRENGTHS, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Background There is clear evidence that tic disorders (TDs) are associated with psychosocial stress as well as emotional and behavioral problems. Studies have shown that individuals with TDs have higher acute physiological stress responses to external, single stressors (as reflected by saliva cortisol). The aim of the present study was to examine a physiological marker of longer-term stress (as reflected by hair cortisol concentration) in children and adolescents with TDs and unaffected siblings of individuals with TDs. Methods Two samples of a European cohort were included in this study. In the COURSE sample, 412 children and adolescents aged 3–16 years with a chronic TD including Tourette syndrome according to DSM IV-TR criteria were included. The ONSET sample included 131 3–10 years old siblings of individuals with TDs, who themselves had no tics. Differences in hair cortisol concentration (HCC) between the two samples were examined. Within the COURSE sample, relations of HCC with tic severity and perceived psychosocial stress as well as potential effects and interaction effects of comorbid emotional and behavioral problems and psychotropic medication on HCC were investigated. Results There were no differences in HCC between the two samples. In participants with TDs, there were no associations between HCC and tic severity or perceived psychosocial stress. No main effects of sex, psychotropic medication status and comorbid emotional and behavioral problems on HCC were found in participants with TDs. Conclusion A link between HCC and TDs is not supported by the present results.

Published
2021
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38. Tic disorders in children and adolescents:does the clinical presentation differ in males and females? A report by the EMTICS group

Author

Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Servera, Mateu, Coffey, Barbara J, Lázaro, Luisa, Openneer, Thaïra J C, Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa, Steinberg, Tami, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Dietrich, Andrea, Morer, Astrid, Apter, Alan, Baglioni, Valentina, Ball, Juliane, Bognar, Emese, Burger, Bianka, Buse, Judith, Cardona, Francesco, Vela, Marta Correa, Debes, Nanette M., Ferro, Maria Cristina, Fremer, Carolin, Gulisano, Mariangela, Hagen, Annelieke, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy J., Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Marotta, Anna, Martino, Davide, Mir, Pablo, Müller, Norbert, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, Münchau, Alexander, Nagy, Peter, Neri, Valeria, Openneer, Thaïra J.C., Pellico, Alessandra, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Rizzo, Renata, Roessner, Veit, Ruhrman, Daphna, Schnell, Jaana M.L., Silvestri, Paola Rosaria, Skov, Liselotte, Steinberg, Tamar, Gloor, Friederike Tagwerker, Tarnok, Zsanett, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Servera, Mateu, Coffey, Barbara J, Lázaro, Luisa, Openneer, Thaïra J C, Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa, Steinberg, Tami, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Dietrich, Andrea, Morer, Astrid, Apter, Alan, Baglioni, Valentina, Ball, Juliane, Bognar, Emese, Burger, Bianka, Buse, Judith, Cardona, Francesco, Vela, Marta Correa, Debes, Nanette M., Ferro, Maria Cristina, Fremer, Carolin, Gulisano, Mariangela, Hagen, Annelieke, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy J., Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Marotta, Anna, Martino, Davide, Mir, Pablo, Müller, Norbert, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, Münchau, Alexander, Nagy, Peter, Neri, Valeria, Openneer, Thaïra J.C., Pellico, Alessandra, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Rizzo, Renata, Roessner, Veit, Ruhrman, Daphna, Schnell, Jaana M.L., Silvestri, Paola Rosaria, Skov, Liselotte, Steinberg, Tamar, Gloor, Friederike Tagwerker, and Tarnok, Zsanett

Abstract

Tic disorders have a strong male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1 in Tourette syndrome (TS) and 2:1 in persistent tic disorders. In other neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the disparity in sex distribution has been partially related to differences in symptom presentation between males and females. In tic disorders, however, little research has been conducted on this topic, probably due to the limited access to large samples with a significant proportion of females. The aim of this study was to describe sex differences in the clinical presentation of tic disorders in children and adolescents in one of the largest pediatric samples with TS/persistent tic disorders (n = 709, 23.3% females) recruited as part of the European Multicenter Tics in Children Study (EMTICS). Validated measures assessed the severity of tics and comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Using mixed-effect models, we found that sex had a significant influence on the severity of tics, ADHD symptoms, ASD symptoms, and emotional problems. Males had more severe symptoms than females, except for emotional problems. We also observed a statistically significant interaction between sex and age on the severity of tics and compulsions, with females showing higher symptom severity with increasing age than males. These findings indicate that the clinical presentation of TS/persistent tic disorders varies with sex. Males seem to exhibit a more noticeable pattern of clinical symptoms at a younger age that may contribute to their earlier detection in comparison to females.

Published
2022

39. Lack of Association of Group A Streptococcal Infections and Onset of Tics: European Multicenter Tics in Children Study

Author

European Commission, Schrag, Anette-Eleonore, Martino, Davide, Wang, Hanyuying, Ambler, Gareth, Benaroya-Milstein, Noa, Buttiglione, Maura, Cardona, Francesco, Creti, Roberta, Efstratiou, Androulla, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Moll, Natalie, Müller, Norbert, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Rizzo, Renata, Roessner, Veit, Schwarz, Markus, Tarnok, Zsanett, Walitza, Susanne, Dietrich, Andrea, Hoekstra, Pieter J., European Commission, Schrag, Anette-Eleonore, Martino, Davide, Wang, Hanyuying, Ambler, Gareth, Benaroya-Milstein, Noa, Buttiglione, Maura, Cardona, Francesco, Creti, Roberta, Efstratiou, Androulla, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Moll, Natalie, Müller, Norbert, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Rizzo, Renata, Roessner, Veit, Schwarz, Markus, Tarnok, Zsanett, Walitza, Susanne, Dietrich, Andrea, and Hoekstra, Pieter J.

Abstract

[Background and Objectives] The goal of this work was to investigate the association between group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and tic incidence among unaffected children with a family history of chronic tic disorders (CTDs)., [Methods] In a prospective cohort study, children with no history for tics who were 3 to 10 years of age with a first-degree relative with a CTD were recruited from the European Multicentre Tics in Children Study (EMTICS) across 16 European centers. Presence of GAS infection was assessed with throat swabs, serum anti–streptolysin O titers, and anti-DNAse titers blinded to clinical status. GAS exposure was defined with 4 different definitions based on these parameters. Cox regression analyses with time-varying GAS exposure were conducted to examine the association of onset of tics and GAS exposure during follow-up. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with Cox regression and logistic regression analyses., [Results] A total of 259 children were recruited; 1 child was found to have tic onset before study entry and therefore was excluded. Sixty-one children (23.6%) developed tics over an average follow-up period of 1 (SD 0.7) year. There was a strong association of sex and onset of tics, with girls having an ≈60% lower risk of developing tics compared to boys (hazard ratio [HR] 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.7). However, there was no statistical evidence to suggest an association of any of the 4 GAS exposure definitions with tic onset (GAS exposure definition 1: HR 0.310, 95% CI 0.037–2.590; definition 2: HR 0.561, 95% CI 0.219–1.436; definition 3: HR 0.853, 95% CI 0.466–1.561; definition 4: HR 0.725, 95% CI 0.384–1.370)., [Discussion] These results do not suggest an association between GAS exposure and development of tics.

Published
2022

40. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders—version 2.0. Part I:assessment

Author

Szejko, Natalia, Robinson, Sally, Hartmann, Andreas, Ganos, Christos, Debes, Nanette M., Skov, Liselotte, Haas, Martina, Rizzo, Renata, Stern, Jeremy, Münchau, Alexander, Czernecki, Virginie, Dietrich, Andrea, Murphy, Tara L., Martino, Davide, Tarnok, Zsanett, Hedderly, Tammy, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Cath, Danielle C., Szejko, Natalia, Robinson, Sally, Hartmann, Andreas, Ganos, Christos, Debes, Nanette M., Skov, Liselotte, Haas, Martina, Rizzo, Renata, Stern, Jeremy, Münchau, Alexander, Czernecki, Virginie, Dietrich, Andrea, Murphy, Tara L., Martino, Davide, Tarnok, Zsanett, Hedderly, Tammy, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., and Cath, Danielle C.

Abstract

In 2011 a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) has developed the first European assessment guidelines for Tourette syndrome (TS). Now, we present an updated version 2.0 of these European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders, part I: assessment. Therefore, the available literature has been thoroughly screened, supplemented with national guidelines across countries and discussions among ESSTS experts. Diagnostic changes between DSM-IV and DSM-5 classifications were taken into account and new information has been added regarding differential diagnoses, with an emphasis on functional movement disorders in both children and adults. Further, recommendations regarding rating scales to evaluate tics, comorbidities, and neuropsychological status are provided. Finally, results from a recently performed survey among ESSTS members on assessment in TS are described. We acknowledge that the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is still the gold standard for assessing tics. Recommendations are provided for scales for the assessment of tics and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with TS not only in routine clinical practice, but also in the context of clinical research. Furthermore, assessments supporting the differential diagnosis process are given as well as tests to analyse cognitive abilities, emotional functions and motor skills.

Published
2022

42. Lack of Association of Group A Streptococcal Infections and Onset of Tics: European Multicenter Tics in Children Study

Author

Schrag, Anette-Eleonore, Martino, Davide, Wang, Hanyuying, Ambler, Gareth, Benaroya-Milstein, Noa, Buttiglione, Maura, Cardona, Francesco, Creti, Roberta, Efstratiou, Androulla, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Moll, Natalie, Müller, Norbert E, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R, Plessen, Kerstin J, Porcelli, Cesare, Rizzo, Renata, Roessner, Veit, Schwarz, Markus, Tarnok, Zsanett, Walitza, Susanne, Dietrich, Andrea, Hoekstra, Pieter J, European Multicentre Tics in Children Study (EMTICS), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), and European Commission

Subjects
Male, Incidence, Streptococcal Infections, Tic Disorders, Tics, Humans, Female, Neurology (clinical), Prospective Studies, Child
Abstract

[Background and Objectives] The goal of this work was to investigate the association between group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and tic incidence among unaffected children with a family history of chronic tic disorders (CTDs)., [Methods] In a prospective cohort study, children with no history for tics who were 3 to 10 years of age with a first-degree relative with a CTD were recruited from the European Multicentre Tics in Children Study (EMTICS) across 16 European centers. Presence of GAS infection was assessed with throat swabs, serum anti–streptolysin O titers, and anti-DNAse titers blinded to clinical status. GAS exposure was defined with 4 different definitions based on these parameters. Cox regression analyses with time-varying GAS exposure were conducted to examine the association of onset of tics and GAS exposure during follow-up. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with Cox regression and logistic regression analyses., [Results] A total of 259 children were recruited; 1 child was found to have tic onset before study entry and therefore was excluded. Sixty-one children (23.6%) developed tics over an average follow-up period of 1 (SD 0.7) year. There was a strong association of sex and onset of tics, with girls having an ≈60% lower risk of developing tics compared to boys (hazard ratio [HR] 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.7). However, there was no statistical evidence to suggest an association of any of the 4 GAS exposure definitions with tic onset (GAS exposure definition 1: HR 0.310, 95% CI 0.037–2.590; definition 2: HR 0.561, 95% CI 0.219–1.436; definition 3: HR 0.853, 95% CI 0.466–1.561; definition 4: HR 0.725, 95% CI 0.384–1.370)., [Discussion] These results do not suggest an association between GAS exposure and development of tics., This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program for research and technological development under grant agreement No. 278367.

Published
2022

43. Tic disorders in children and adolescents: does the clinical presentation differ in males and females? A report by the EMTICS group

Author

Blanca, Garcia‐delgar, Mateu, Servera, Coffey, Barbara J., Luisa, Lázaro, Thaïra, Openneer, Noa, Benaroya‐milshtein, Tami, Steinberg, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Andrea, Dietrich, Astrid Morer EMTICS collaborative group Alan Apter, Baglioni, Valentina, Juliane, Ball, Noa, Benaroya-Milshtein, Emese, Bognar, Bianka, Burger, Judith, Buse, Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Marta Correa Vela, Debes, Nanette M., Maria Cristina Ferro, Carolin, Fremer, Blanca, Garcia-Delgar, Mariangela, Gulisano, Annelieke, Hagen, Julie, Hagstrøm, Hedderly, Tammy J., Isobel, Heyman, Chaim, Huyser, Marcos, Madruga-Garrido, Anna, Marotta, Martino, Davide, Pablo, Mir, Astrid, Morer, Norbert, Müller, Kirsten, Müller-Vahl, Alexander, Münchau, Peter, Nagy, Neri, Valeria, Openneer, Thaïra J. C., Pellico, Alessandra, Plessen, Kerstin J., Cesare, Porcelli, Rizzo, Renata, Veit, Roessner, Daphna, Ruhrman, Schnell, Jaana M. L., Silvestri, PAOLA ROSARIA, Liselotte, Skov, Tamar, Steinberg, Friederike Tagwerker Gloor, Zsanett, Tarnok, Susanne Walitza &amp, Elif, Weidinger, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Child Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, and ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Younger age, Tics, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Comorbidity, Adolescents, Tourette syndrome, Severity of Illness Index, Limited access, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Sex differences, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, Child, Children, business.industry, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, body regions, Psychiatry and Mental health, Autism spectrum disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Presentation (obstetrics), business, human activities, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Male predominance
Abstract

Tic disorders have a strong male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1 in Tourette syndrome (TS) and 2:1 in persistent tic disorders. In other neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the disparity in sex distribution has been partially related to differences in symptom presentation between males and females. In tic disorders, however, little research has been conducted on this topic, probably due to the limited access to large samples with a significant proportion of females. The aim of this study was to describe sex differences in the clinical presentation of tic disorders in children and adolescents in one of the largest pediatric samples with TS/persistent tic disorders (n = 709, 23.3% females) recruited as part of the European Multicenter Tics in Children Study (EMTICS). Validated measures assessed the severity of tics and comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Using mixed-effect models, we found that sex had a significant influence on the severity of tics, ADHD symptoms, ASD symptoms, and emotional problems. Males had more severe symptoms than females, except for emotional problems. We also observed a statistically significant interaction between sex and age on the severity of tics and compulsions, with females showing higher symptom severity with increasing age than males. These findings indicate that the clinical presentation of TS/persistent tic disorders varies with sex. Males seem to exhibit a more noticeable pattern of clinical symptoms at a younger age that may contribute to their earlier detection in comparison to females.

Published
2022

44. SGCE and myoclonus dystonia: motor characteristics, diagnostic criteria and clinical predictors of genotype

Author

Peall, Kathryn J., Kurian, Manju A., Wardle, Mark, Waite, Adrian J., Hedderly, Tammy, Lin, Jean-Pierre, Smith, Martin, Whone, Alan, Pall, Hardev, White, Cathy, Lux, Andrew, Jardine, Philip E., Lynch, Bryan, Kirov, George, O’Riordan, Sean, Samuel, Michael, Lynch, Timothy, King, Mary D., Chinnery, Patrick F., Warner, Thomas T., Blake, Derek J., Owen, Michael J., and Morris, Huw R.

Published
2014
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46. The spectrum of functional tic‐like behaviours: Data from an international registry.

Author

Martino, Davide, Hedderly, Tammy, Murphy, Tara, Müller‐Vahl, Kirsten R., Dale, Russell C., Gilbert, Donald L., Rizzo, Renata, Hartmann, Andreas, Nagy, Peter, Anheim, Mathieu, Owen, Tamsin, Malik, Osman, Duncan, Morvwen, Heyman, Isobel, Liang, Holan, McWilliams, Andrew, O'Dwyer, Shauna, Fremer, Carolin, Szejko, Natalia, and Han, Velda X.

Subjects
*TIC disorders, *YOUNG adults, *AUTISM spectrum disorders, *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, *AUDITING procedures
Abstract

Background and purpose: Between 2019 and 2022, there was a marked rise in adolescents/young adults seeking urgent help for functional tic‐like behaviours (FTLBs). Given the global scale of this phenomenon, we aimed to pool cases from different institutions in an international registry to better characterize this spectrum and facilitate future longitudinal observation. Methods: An international collaborative group from 10 tertiary referral centres for tic disorders collected retrospective data on FTLB patients who sought specialists' attention between the last quarter of 2019 and June 2022. An audit procedure was used for collection of data, which comprised demographics, course of presentation and duration, precipitating and predisposing factors, phenomenology, comorbidities, and pharmacological treatment outcome. Results: During the study period, we collected data on 294 patients with FTLBs, 97% of whom were adolescents and young adults and 87% of whom were female. FTLBs were found to have a peak of severity within 1 month in 70% of patients, with spontaneous remissions in 20%, and a very high frequency of complex movements (85%) and vocalizations (81%). Less than one‐fifth of patients had pre‐existing primary tic disorder, 66% had comorbid anxiety disorders, 28% comorbid depressive disorders, 24% autism spectrum disorder and 23% attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Almost 60% explicitly reported exposure to tic‐related social media content. The vast majority of pharmacologically treated patients did not report benefit with tic‐suppressing medications. Conclusions: Our data from the largest multicentre registry of FTLBs to date confirm substantial clinical differences from primary tic disorders. Social modelling was the most relevant contributing factor during the pandemic. Future longitudinal analyses from this database may help understand treatment approaches and responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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47. Paediatric tic-like presentations during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Buts, Sarah, primary, Duncan, Morvwen, additional, Owen, Tamsin, additional, Martino, Davide, additional, Pringsheim, Tamara, additional, Byrne, Susan, additional, McWilliams, Andrew, additional, Murphy, Tara, additional, Malik, Osman, additional, Liang, Holan, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, and Hedderly, Tammy, additional

Published
2021
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49. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders—version 2.0. Part I: assessment

Author

Szejko, Natalia, primary, Robinson, Sally, additional, Hartmann, Andreas, additional, Ganos, Christos, additional, Debes, Nanette M., additional, Skov, Liselotte, additional, Haas, Martina, additional, Rizzo, Renata, additional, Stern, Jeremy, additional, Münchau, Alexander, additional, Czernecki, Virginie, additional, Dietrich, Andrea, additional, Murphy, Tara L., additional, Martino, Davide, additional, Tarnok, Zsanett, additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., additional, and Cath, Danielle C., additional

Published
2021
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50. Diagnostic delays in paediatric stroke

Author

Mallick, Andrew A, Ganesan, Vijeya, Kirkham, Fenella J, Fallon, Penny, Hedderly, Tammy, McShane, Tony, Parker, Alasdair P, Wassmer, Evangeline, Wraige, Elizabeth, Amin, Samir, Edwards, Hannah B, and OʼCallaghan, Finbar J

Published
2015
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