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Hecabolus chrisaxeli sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 435E2C4D-E1BE-4740-B41C-152570AE1C11 Fig. 2 Diagnosis Hecabolus chrisaxeli sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. costaricensis by having mesoscutal lobes coriaceous, forewing with wide pterostigma, and mesopleuron almost entirely smooth, longitudinally striate on posterior third. It can be morphologically distinguished from the remaining species of Hecabolus by having the second metasomal tergite with two distinctively striate subparallel anterior depressions (without subparallel anterior depressions in the remaining species); hindwing with r-m very short (medium in the remaining species), and veins RS and cu-a weakly defined, almost spectral (absent in the remaining species). Etymology The specific epithet of this species is dedicated to the first author’s life partner. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Nova Teutonia; 9 Nov. 1941; F. Plaumann leg.; B.M. 1957–341; DNA voucher no. CNIN4369; NHMUK. Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 3 Apr. 1941; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 9 Apr. 1941; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 10 Apr. 1941; CNINIBUNAM • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 12 Apr. 1941; CNIN-IBUNAM. Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.6–4.3 mm; fore wing length 2.2–2.9 mm; ovipositor length 3.1–4.2 mm. HEAD (Fig. 2B). Width 1.4–1.6 × median length (dorsal view), 1.4 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, and weakly, roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 0.9–1.0 × as long as temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in an equilateral triangle; POL 0.1 × Od, 0.5–0.6 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, with a distinct emargination opposite antennal sockets, 1.1–1.2 × as high as broad. Malar space 0.5–0.6 × height of eye, 1.0–1.1 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.4–1.5 × height of eye and 1.1–1.2 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and elliptical, 0.3–0.4 × as long as wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Antennae with 16 flagellomeres. Scapus 2.5 × as long as its maximum width. First flagellomere slightly curved, slightly widened medially, 2.5 as long as its maximum width; 0.9–1.0 × as long as second flagellomere; the last flagellomere pointed apically. MESOSOMA (Fig. 2C–D). Length of mesosoma 2.1–2.2 × its height. Pronotum short, dorsally weakly convex, without distinct submedian pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 2.5 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum shortly protruding forward, without anterolateral corners. Notauli wide, shallow, scrobiculate anteriorly and striate posteriorly. Prescutellar depression rather shallow, long, with 7–8 carinae, 0.4 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and with fine lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus distinct, rather shallow, distinctly crenulate anteriorly and striate posteriorly, running along 0.6–0.7 of lower length of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth blunt, almost indistinct. Metapleural lobe long and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with very small and blunt lateral tubercles. WINGS (Fig. 2E–F). Fore wing 3.5–3.6 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma 3.0 × as long as wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.6–2.7 × maximum width. Vein R1 1.5–1.6 as long as pterostigma. Vein r 0.9–1.0 × as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3RSa slightly curved towards posterior margin of wing, 5.3–5.4 × as long as vein r, 2.6–2.7 × as long as vein 2RS. Vein 2RS 2.0 × as long as vein r and 3.0 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu interstitial to vein 2RS. Vein (RS+M)a slightly curved medially. First discal cell long, 2.0–2.5 × as long as wide. Veins 1M and m-cu parallel. Vein cu-a postfurcal to vein 1M. Vein 1M 1.7–1.8 × as long as vein 1RS, 1.8 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein cu-a short and straight, vein 1M 3.5 × cu-a length. Vein M+CU distinctly sinuate. Vein 2CU interstitial to vein 1CU. Hind wing 4.6–4.7 × as long as wide. Vein C+Sc+R 1.6–1.7 × as long as than Sc+R. Vein r-m very short, almost indistinguishable. Basal cell considerably narrow, its length 15.0–16.0 × its maximum width, 0.2–0.3 × length of wing. Vein M+CU 0.8–0.9 × as long as vein 1M. Vein cu-a poorly defined, almost spectral. Vein m-cu unsclerotized, almost straight, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Vein RS poorly defined, almost spectral. Vein 2M unsclerotized, slightly curved anteriorly, almost straight towards apex of wing. LEGS (Fig. 2A, C). Fore tibia with few slender spines arranged in a narrow row. Hind coxa protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.5–1.6 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur moderately wide, 2.8 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide. Hind tarsus 0.9 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus about 0.8× as long as second–fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.3– 0.4 × as long as basitarsus, 1.0–1.1 × as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 2G). Metasoma 1.2–1.3 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate moderately long, 0.4–0.5 × as long as first tergite; with distinct dorsope, with small spiracle in basal 0.3. Maximum width of first tergite 3.5 × its minimum width; length equal to its apical width, 1.4–1.6 × length of propodeum. Second tergite with wide and shallow lateral subparallel depressions (furrows) not delineated by carinae. Median length of second tergite 1.3 × its basal width, 1.5–1.6 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 1.1 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.5–1.6 × as long as metasoma, 0.8–0.9 × as long as mesosoma, 1.2–1.3 × as long as body, 1.1–1.2 × as long as fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex finely striate posteriorly, smooth medially; frons smooth below ocelli, emargination opposite antennal sockets densely rugose. Face entirely, distinctly, and densely rugose; densely striate near malar space below eyes; temple smooth and polished. Sides of pronotum distinctly longitudinally striate in upper half and transversely striate in lower half. Mesoscutum densely and finely coriaceous, lateral lobes finely coriaceous. Scutellum entirely smooth. Mesopleuron almost entirely smooth, longitudinally striate in upper third; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate anteriorly, striate posteriorly. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely reticulate-striate. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, without areas delineated by carinae. Hind coxae smooth medially, slightly striate dorsally, and slightly rugose ventrally. Hind femur smooth. First metasomal tergite densely and longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture medially; second metasomal tergite with short lateral subparallel depressions densely and longitudinally striate, its remaining area smooth and polished; remaining metasomal tergites smooth and polished. Vertex with very sparse and short setae; frons with dense long setae. Pronotum and mesosctutum scarcely with long and pale setae, with narrow median glabrous areas on lateral lobes. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum almost glabrous. Both wings with dense short setae, especially on wing margins. Hind coxae with scarce semi-erect setae. Hind femur with scarce setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense setae; tarsus with short and very dense setae. Metasoma glabrous, hypopygium apically with scarce, more or less long pale setae. COLOUR. Body brown or dark reddish brown, anterior half of metasoma dark reddish brown. Antenna brown to light brown. Palpi light brown or almost yellow. Legs brown or light brown, hind coxa dark, hind tibiae yellowish or pale in basal third. Fore wing infuscate basally, hyaline in apical third; pterostigma dark brown. Hind wing entirely hyaline. Male Unknown. Distribution The locality of the six specimens, including holotype, is Nova Teutonia in the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. Hosts Unknown., Published as part of Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A. & Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, 2022, Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009, pp. 126-151 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 on pages 133-136, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, http://zenodo.org/record/7309218

Hecabolus transversalis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1A7DFE27-FA2B-42D6-B15D-EBF92BC3C35D Fig. 5 Diagnosis Hecabolus transversalis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. costaricensis and H. gavinbroadi as they have a wide pterostigma; and to H. mexicanus and H shimborii by the coriaceous lateral mesoscutal lobes. In addition, it is morphologically similar to H. assis, H. robustus, H. semiaridus, and H. sulmatogrossensis by the presence of a median and lateral longitudinal carinae on the propodeum. However, it can be morphologically distinguished from the remaining species of Hecabolus by having a transversely striate anterior area on the second metasomal tergite (smooth or not transversely striate in the remaining species), middle mesoscutal lobe strongly coriaceous to rugose (coriaceous or smooth in the remaining species); and vein 2M almost spectral (well defined in the remaining species). Etymology The specific epithet of this species comes from the Latin word ‘ transversalis ’, in reference to the distinctive transverse anterior striation on the second metasomal tergite. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; 27°11′ S, 52°23′ W; 17 Jun. 1937; Fritz Plaumann leg; B.M. 1937–656; NHMUK. Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Rio Caraguata; 4 Apr. 1953; F. Plaumann leg; B.M. 1957–341; CNINIBUNAM. Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.9–3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.1–2.3 mm; ovipositor and sheaths length 1.7–2.0 mm. HEAD (Fig. 5B). Width 0.8–0.9 × median length (dorsal view), 0.8–0.9 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, and weakly, roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 0.5–0.7 × length of temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in an equilateral triangle; POL 1.0–1.3 × Od, 1.0–1.6 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, height 1.2–1.4 × its maximum width. Malar space 2.0 × height of eye, 0.3–0.5 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 0.3 × height of eye and 0.5 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and nearly round, as long as its width. Occipital carina wide, complete, not joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Antenna with at least 9 flagellomeres (antennae incomplete). Scapus 1.5 × as long as its maximum width. First flagellomere straight, not widened medially, 3.5 × as long as its maximum width; 1.0 × as long as second flagellomere. MESOSOMA (Fig. 5C–D). Length of mesosoma 2.0–2.2 × its height. Pronotum short, dorsally convex, without submedian pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.4–0.5 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, without anterolateral corners. Notauli wide, more or less deep, scrobiculate anteriorly and slightly striate posteriorly. Prescutellar depression moderately shallow, long, with 6–7 carinae, 0.7 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and without lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus distinct (lateral view), more or less deep, distinctly crenulate anteriorly and slightly striate posteriorly, complete along lower length of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth absent. Metapleural lobe relatively short but wide, rounded apically. Propodeum without lateral tubercles or projections. WINGS (Fig. 5E–F). Fore wing 3.3–3.5 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma 2.9–3.3 × as long as wide. Vein r arising in middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.9–3.0 × maximum width. Vein R1 1.2–1.5 × as long as pterostigma. Vein r 0.7–0.8 × maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3RSa slightly curved towards apical margin of wing, 6.0–7.0 × as long as vein r, 2.8–3.0 × as long as vein 2RS. Vein 2RS 2.0–2.5 × as long as vein r, and 2.0–2.5 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu interstitial to vein 2RS. Vein (RS+M)a slightly sinuate. First discal cell considerably long, 1.5 × as long as wide. Veins 1M and m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly. Vein cu-a interstitial to vein 1M. Vein 1M 1.0–1.1 × as long as vein 1RS, 1.8–2.0 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein cu-a short and straight, vein 1M 3.6–4.0 × as long as vein cu-a. Vein M+CU slightly sinuate. Vein 2CU interstitial to vein 1CU. Hind wing 4.8–6.0 × as long as its maximum width. Vein C+Sc+R 1.0–1.5 × as long as vein SC+R. Basal cell greatly narrow and long, its length 8.8–11.4 × its maximum width, 0.3–0.4 × length of wing. Vein M+CU short, 0.7–0.8 × the length of vein 1M. Vein cu-a absent. Vein r-m short, 0.5 × length of vein R. Vein m-cu unsclerotized, poorly defined, almost straight, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Vein RS absent. Vein 2M unsclerotized, poorly defined, very slightly curved anteriorly, almost reaching margin of wing. LEGS (Fig. 5A, G). Fore tibia with a narrow row of few slender spines. Hind coxa protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.2–1.3 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur moderately wide, 2.0–2.5 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide. Hind tarsus 0.9 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus about 0.7 × as long as second–fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 2.3 × length of basitarsus, 0.2 × the length of fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 5G). 1.0–1.1 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate moderately long, 0.5–0.6 × as long as first tergite; without distinct dorsope, with small spiracle in anterior half. Maximum width of first tergite 2.7–3.0 × its minimum width; length of first tergite 1.3–1.5 × its apical width, 1.5–1.7 × length of propodeum. Second tergite without depressions (furrows) nor carinae. Median length of second tergite 0.8–1.3 × its basal width, 1.8–2.0 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.7–0.8 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.1–1.3 × as long as metasoma, 1.6–1.8 × as long as mesosoma, 0.7–0.8 × length of body, 0.8–0.9 × length of fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex entirely striate; frons striate below ocelli with shallow rugose emargination opposite antennal sockets. Face distinctly and densely rugose near antennal sockets, densely striate above clypeus; malar space smooth; temple entirely smooth and polished. Sides of pronotum slightly striate longitudinally in upper half and transversely striate in lower half; propleuron distinctly striate. Mesoscutum densely and strongly coriaceous, almost rugose, lateral lobes densely coriaceous. Scutellum smooth. Metanotum transversely striate. Mesopleuron smooth, longitudinally striate in upper anterior third; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate anteriorly, striate posteriorly. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely reticulate to rugose. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, with central and lateral incomplete carinae. Hind coxa distinctly striate dorsally, smooth laterally. Hind femur smooth. First metasomal tergite densely and longitudinally striate with rugose microsculptureanteriorly; second metasomal tergite with a transversely striate area in anterior half, remaining area smooth and polished; remaining metasomal tergites smooth and polished. Vertex and frons with very sparse short setae; face with dense setae. Pronotum and mesoscutum with sparse, long, and pale setae, with narrow median glabrous areas on lateral lobes. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum with sparse setae laterally. Wings with dense short to medium setae, especially on wing margins. Hind coxa with sparse semi-erect setae. Hind femur with sparse setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense short setae; tarsus with short and very fine setae. Metasoma with very sparse pale setae. COLOUR. Body brown to dark brown, anterior half of metasoma dark reddish brown. Head brown. Antenna light brown. Palpi light brown to almost honey yellow. Legs brown; hind coxa reddish brown; trochanter and trochantellus light brown; hind femur brown; hind tibia brown, light brown in basal third; tarsus light brown, tarsal claw brown. Fore wing hyaline, slightly infuscate below pterostigma; pterostigma dark brown. Hind wing entirely hyaline. Male Unknown. Distribution Specimens of this species were collected in Rio Caraguata in the state of Mato Grosso, and Nova Teutonia in state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Host Unknown.

Hecabolus gavinbroadi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F5EE0C8E-4966-4065-B8AD-A1FE30854430 Figs 3–4 Diagnosis Hecabolus gavinbroadi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. costaricensis and H. transversalis as they have a wide pterostigma; however, it can be distinguished from the latter species by having lateral blunt tubercles on the propodeum (tubercles absent in H. costaricesis and H. transversalis). Moreover, it can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the combination of its smooth vertex and mesoscutal lobes strongly and densely coriaceous (vertex and mesoscutal lobes smooth in H. semiaridus and H. sulamtogrossensis, vertex partially striate and mesoscutal lobes coriaceous in all the remaining species). Etymology This species is named in honour to the principal curator in charge of the insect collection of the Natural History Museum, London, UK, who kindly lent us the entomological material for morphological examination. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Mato Grosso, Rio Caraguata; 4 Apr.1953; F. Plaumann leg., B.M. 1957–341; NHMUK. Paratypes BRAZIL – Mato Grosso • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; Mar. 1953; CNIN-IBUNAM. – Nova Teutonia • 2 ♂♂; 9 Apr. 1941; F. Plaumann leg; B.M.1957–341; NHMUK • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Apr. 1941; CNIN-IBUNAM. Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.8–2.2 mm; fore wing length 1.3–1.4 mm; ovipositor and sheaths length 1.8–2.3 mm. HEAD (Fig. 3B). Head width 1.3–1.4 × median length (dorsal view), 1.2–1.3 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, and weakly, roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 1.2–1.3 × length of temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in a subequilateral triangle; POL 1.0–1.3 × Od, 0.3–0.4 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, its height 0.6–0.7 × its maximum width. Malar space 1.0–1.1 × height of eye, 0.6–0.7 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 2.0–2.2 × height of eye, and 1.0–1.3 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and round, as long as its width. Occipital carina complete, joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Antenna with 12–14 flagellomeres. Scapus 2.0–2.2 × as long as its maximum width. First flagellomere slightly curved medially, not widened, 2.2–2.3 × as long as its maximum width; 0.8–0.9 × as long as second flagellomere. MESOSOMA (Fig. 3C–D). Length of mesosoma 2.0–2.3× its height. Pronotum rather short, dorsally convex, without distinct submedian pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.7–0.8 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, without anterolateral corners. Notauli wide, more or less shallow, scrobiculate anteriorly and striate posteriorly. Prescutellar depression moderately shallow, long, with 8 carinae, 1.3–1.4 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and with no lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus distinct (lateral view), more or less shallow, crenulate anteriorly and rugose posteriorly, incomplete, running along anterior half of lower length of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth absent. Metapleural lobe relatively short but wide, slightly curved apically. Propodeum with lateral small, blunt tubercles. WINGS (Fig. 3E). Fore wing 3.3–3.5 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma wide, 2.5–3.0 × as long as wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.7–3.0 × maximum width. Vein R1 1.1–1.2 × as long as pterostigma. Vein r 0.5–0.6 × maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3RSa straight, reaching apical margin of wing, 7.5–8.0 × as long as vein r, 2.9–3.2 × as long as vein 2RS. Vein 2RS 2.3–2.8 × as long as vein r, and 2.0–2.8 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu interstitial to vein 2RS. Vein (RS+M)a slightly curved medially, almost straight. First discal cell considerably short, 1.8– 2.0 × as long as wide. Veins 1M and m-cu divergent posteriorly. Vein cu-a postfurcal to vein 1M. Vein 1M 1.1–1.3 × as long as vein 1RS, 2.0–2.1 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein cu-a rather short and straight, vein 1M 3.3–5.0 × cu-a length. Vein M+CU slightly sinuate. Vein 2CU interstitial to vein 1CU; vein 2M short, not reaching apical margin of wing, 0.5–0.6 × vein 3RS. Hind wing 5.2 × as long as its maximum width. Vein C+Sc+R long, vein SC+R absent. Basal cell long and narrow, its length 5.0 × its maximum width, 0.3–0.4 × length of wing. Vein M+CU and 1M long. Vein cu-a absent. Vein r-m short, 0.2 × length of Vein R. Vein m-cu absent. Vein RS absent. Vein 2M unsclerotized, spectral, slightly curved anteriorly, straight posteriorly, almost reaching the margin of the wing; vein 1A present, considerably short, 0.1 × length of veins M+CU and 1M combined. LEGS (Fig. 3A). Fore tibia with a narrow row of slender spines. Hind coxa protruding forwards in a ventro-anterior corner, 1.2–1.5 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur considerably wide, 2.0 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide, 1.2–1.3 × length of hind femur. Hind tarsus 1.0 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus about 0.4 × as long as second–fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.6 × length of basitarsus, equal to length of the fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 3F). 0.9–1.0 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate distinctly long, 0.5–0.7 × as long as first tergite; with distinct dorsope and laterope. Maximum width of first tergite 2.5–3.0 × its minimum width; length of first tergite 1.0–1.3 × its apical width, 1.0–1.3 × length of propodeum. Second tergite without basal depressions (furrows) nor carinae. Median length of second tergite 0.9–1.0 × its basal width, 1.0–1.1 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.9–1.1 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 2.1–2.3 × as long as metasoma, 2.9–3.0 × as long as mesosoma, 1.0 × as long as the body, 1.4–1.6 × length of the fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex smooth, sometimes slightly striate posteriorly; frons rugose below ocelli with shallow emargination opposite antennal sockets. Face distinctly, and densely striate near antennal sockets and above clypeus; malar space smooth; temple entirely smooth and polished. Sides of pronotum entirely striate longitudinally; propleuron rugose. Lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum densely and distinctively coriaceous. Scutellum smooth, scutellar sulcus striate. Mesopleuron almost entirely smooth, longitudinally striate in upper anterior corner; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate anteriorly, striate posteriorly. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely rugose, with a small smooth area anteriorly. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, with a middle carina. Hind coxae slightly striate dorsally, distinctively striate laterally. Hind femur smooth. First and second metasomal tergites densely and longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; third metasomal tergite slightly acinose basally; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Vertex and frons with very scarce and short setae; face with dense setae. Pronotum and mesosctutum with scarce short setae. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum with scarce setae. Wings with dense short to medium setae, especially on wing margins. Hind coxae with scarce semi-erect setae. Hind femur with sparse setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense short setae; tarsus with short and very fine setae. Last tergites with very sparse pale setae. COLOUR. Head, metasoma and mesosoma brown to dark brown. Antenna brown; scape light brown. Palpi light brown to almost honey yellow. Legs brown; hind coxa light brown to brown; trochanter and trochantellus light brown; hind femur brown; hind tibia brown, its basal quarter yellowish; tarsus light brown, tarsal claw dark brown. Fore and hind wings entirely hyaline, pterostigma brown. Male Larger than female (Fig. 4A). Body length 2.1–3.0 mm; fore wing length 1.5–2.1 mm. Basal sternal plate of first metasomal segment 0.4–0.5 × as long as first tergite. Hind femur 3.0–4.0 × as long as its maximum width. Fore wing with moderately wide pterostigma, 2.5–3.0 × its maximum width (Fig. 4E). Hind wing without stigma-like enlargement, with short r-m, veins RS and m-cu absent; vein 2M not sclerotized, spectral. Both wings with a line of medium-size setae along the margins. Vertex entirely smooth (Fig. 4D). Second metasomal tergite striate in anterior two thirds, with irregular striation in posterior third (Fig. 4F). Body colour dark brown (Fig. 4C–D); antenna brown; all coxae, femora, and tibiae dark brown, trochanters and tarsi brown; tarsal claws brown to dark brown. Forewing hyaline, with an infuscate band in basal half and another infuscate band under pterostigma (Fig. 4E). Distribution Specimens of this species were recorded from Rio Caraguata in the state of Mato Grosso, and in Nova Teutonia in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Hosts Unknown.

Hecabolus acutus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 28A1B6AA-0A30-4392-ADBF-FF5F5F497FE7 Fig. 1 Diagnosis Hecabolus acutus sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. assis, H. robustus and H. sulcatus as all have a moderately short basal sternal plate of the first metasomal segment; and similar to H. shimborii and H. mexicanus in the narrow pterostigma, vertex at least partially striate, and lobes of the mesoscutum coriaceous. Hecabolus acutus sp. nov. can mainly be distinguished from the remaining species of Hecabolus by having the distinctly lateral pointed edges of the median mesonotal lobe above the notauli (Fig. 1A, D) (absent in the remaining species); prescutellar depression with 10–12 carinae (12 carinae in H. semiaridus and 3–8 carinae in the remaining species), and the second and remaining metasomal tergites entirely smooth and polished (at least basal part of the second tergite sculptured in the remaining species). Etymology The specific epithet comes from the Latin word ‘ acutus ’, in reference to the antero-lateral pointed edges of the middle mesoscutal lobe above the notauli. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; 27 Oct. 1956; F. Plaumann leg.; B.M. 1957–341; NHMUK. Paratypes BRAZIL • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 24 Mar. 1941; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 20 Oct. 1956; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 22 Oct. 1956; CNIN-IBUNAM • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; Oct. 1956; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CNIN-IBUNAM. Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.8–2.7 mm; fore wing length 1.5–2.1 mm; ovipositor and sheaths length 1.2–2.2 mm. HEAD (Fig. 1B). Width 1.3–1.5 × median length (dorsal view), 0.9–1.0 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex. Transverse diameter of eye 1.9–2.0 × length of temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in a sub-equilateral triangle; POL 0.9–1.1 × Od, 0.3–0.5 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, height 1.1–1.3 × its maximum width. Malar space 0.7–0.9 × height of eye, 0.5–0.7 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.3–1.5 × height of eye, and 1.0–1.3 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with no distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and nearly round, its length 0.8–1.1 × its maximum width. Occipital carina wide, complete, not joined with hypostomal carina below. Hypostomal flange wide. Antennae with 12–13 flagellomeres. Scapus 2.1– 2.2 × as long as its maximum width, widened medio-apically. First flagellomere straight, not widened medially, 3.5–3.8 × as long as its maximum width; 0.9–1.0 × as long as second flagellomere. MESOSOMA (Fig. 1C–D). Length 1.8–2.0 × its height. Pronotum rather short, dorsally convex, without distinct transverse pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.8–1.0 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, with pointed antero-lateral projection-like edges above both notauli; without anterolateral corners. Notauli narrow, more or less shallow, scrobiculate anteriorly and slightly rugose posteriorly. Prescutellar depression considerably long and shallow, with 10–12 transverse carinae, 1.0–1.4 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and with no lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus rather shallow and straight, running along anterior half of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth absent. Metapleural lobe short and narrow. Propodeum without lateral tubercles or projections. WINGS (Fig. 1E–F). Fore wing 3.3–3.6 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma narrow, 3.7–3.9 × as long as wide. Vein r arising shortly before the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 3.2–3.5 × maximum width. Vein R1 1.5–1.8 × as long as pterostigma. Vein r 1.1–1.3 × maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3RS slightly curved towards apical margin of wing, almost straight; 6.8–7.2 × as long as vein r, 7.8–9.4 × as long as vein 2RS. Vein 2RS 0.7–0.9 × as long as vein r, and 1.0–1.6 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu slightly antefurcal to vein 2RS; vein RS+Mb considerably short. Vein (RS+M) a slightly curved distally. First discal cell moderately long, 1.9–2.3 × as long as wide. Veins 1M and m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly, almost parallel. Vein 1M 1.2–1.5 × as long as vein 1RS, 2.5–3.3 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein M+CU moderately curved medially. Vein 1cu-a absent; subdiscal cell open basally joining subbasal cell, considerably long and narrow. Vein 1-1A considerably long, reaching the middle of vein 1CU. Vein 2CU interstitial to vein 1CU. Vein 2M not sclerotized, reaching apical margin of wing, 0.9–1.1 × as long as vein 3RS. Hind wing 5.0–5.3 × as long as its maximum width. Vein C+Sc+R moderately long, 2.5–3.2 × length of vein SC+R, vein SC+R rather short, unsclerotized, apically in line with vein 2M. Basal cell considerably narrow and long, its length 7.5–8.3 × its maximum width, 0.2–0.3 × length of wing. Vein M+CU long. Vein cu-a absent. Vein r-m short, 0.3–0.5 × length of vein R. Vein m-cu absent. Vein RS almost absent. Vein 2M long, 0.2–0.4 × length of hind wing, almost reaching the margin of the wing. LEGS (Fig. 1A). Fore tibia with a narrow row of slender spines. Hind coxa protruding forwards in ventroanterior corner, 1.3–1.7 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur moderately wide, 2.9–3.3 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide. Hind tarsus 0.8–1.0 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.7–1.0 × as long as second–fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.2–0.3 × length of basitarsus, 0.6–1.0 × the length of the fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 1G). Metasoma 0.8–1.1 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate moderately short, 0.3–0.4 × as long as first tergite; with distinct dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 1.8–2.2 × its minimum width; length of first tergite 0.8–1.0 × its apical width, 0.9– 1.2 × length of propodeum. Second tergite without depressions (furrows) nor carinae. Median length of second tergite 0.9–1.1 × its basal width, 1.5–1.8 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 1.0–1.4 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.4–1.8 × as long as metasoma, 2.0–2.4 × as long as mesosoma, 0.7–0.9 × length of the body, 0.9–1.1 × length of the fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex finely aciculate, sometimes smooth in posterior half; frons striate, sometimes smooth, without emargination opposite antennal sockets. Face rugose near antennal sockets, striate above clypeus; malar space and temple striate to slightly striate, almost smooth. Sides of pronotum smooth in upper half and transversely striate in lower half; propleuron striate. Median lobe of mesoscutum coriaceous anteriorly and smooth posteriorly; lateral lobes smooth. Scutellum smooth. Metanotum distinctly rugose. Mesopleuron smooth in anterior half, rugose in posterior half; precoxal sulcus slightly scrobiculate. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely rugose. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, with central carina. Hind coxae striate dorsally, slightly rugose laterally and ventrally. Hind femur smooth. First metasomal tergite densely and longitudinally striate with a medial striate area delimitated by distinct lateral carinae; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Vertex and frons with very scarce and short setae; face with dense and erect long setae. Scape and flagellomeres with dense short semi-erect setae. Pronotum and mesosctutum scarcely with short and pale setae, with narrow median glabrous areas on lateral lobes. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum laterally with scarce long and erect setae. Wings with dense short setae, especially on posterior margins. Hind coxae laterally with dense semi-erect long setae. Hind femur with scarce short setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense short setae; tarsus with short and very fine setae. First tergite laterally with scarce short and erect setae. Pygidium and hypopygium with scarce long pale setae. COLOUR. Mesosoma dark brown, anterior and posterior thirds of metasoma brown to dark brown, its middle third with light brown areas. Head brown; vertex, and frons dark brown. Basal flagellomeres and scape light brown to honey yellow, apical flagellomeres dark brown. Palpi light brown to pale yellow. Hind legs: coxa brown; trochanter and trochantellus light brown; femur brown; tibiae light brown in basal half, golden to brown in apical half; tarsus yellow to light brown, tarsal claw brown. Fore and hind wings entirely hyaline; pterostigma light brown. Male Unknown. Distribution All specimens, including the holotype, were collected in Nova Teutonia region in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Hosts Unknown.

Hecabolus mexicanus Zaldívar-Riverón & Belokobylskij, 2009 Figs 6–7 Material examined MEXICO – Jalisco • 1 ♀; Chamela Biological Station, Calandria road, near laboratory; 19.50501° N, 105.03791° W; alt. 34 m; 16–17 Jun. 2017; Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón and Hans Clebsch leg.; UVLT (3) [Ultraviolet light 3], selva baja caducifolia [dry forest]; DNA voucher no. CNIN4388; CNINIBUNAM • 1 ♀; Chamela Biological Station; 19.4986° N, 105.04411° W; alt. 122 m; 10 Aug. 2010; Zaldívar, Salinas and García leg.; light tramp, selva baja caducifolia; BOLD ASDOR: 859; Cham-70; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♂; Chamela Biological Station, 50 m from lab; 19.49923° N, 105.04388° W; alt. 101 m; 9–10 Aug. 2010; A. Zaldívar, V. Salinas, Mario-García and Vladimir de Jesús leg.; light trap, selva baja caducifolia; Cham-68; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♂; Chamela Biological Station, Calandria road; 19.50485–19.50369° N, 105.03786–05.03642° W; alt. 45–62 m; 23 Feb. 2010; Alejandro Zaldívar leg.; sweep net, selva baja caducifolia; BOLD ASDOR: 609; Cham-51; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; San Buenaventura; 19°47.61′ N, 104°03.32′ W; alt. 720 m; 2–7 Dec. 1996; V.H. Toledo, M.E. Guardado, A. Soria, S. Zaragoza and L.F. Novelo leg.; Malaise trap 5; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr.–4 May. 1997; F.A. Noguera, M.E. Guardado, A. Soria, C.A. Uribe, A. Rodríguez, S. Zaragoza, E. Ramírez and L.F. Novelo leg.; Malaise trap 3; CNIN-IBUNAM. – Mexico City • 3 ♀♀; Federal District; “ Hecabolus sp. Det. José A. Sánchez G., [19]98”; CNIN-IBUNAM. Variation Females (Fig. 6A–F) Body length 3.2–5.3 mm. Fore wing length 1.9–3.2 mm. Ovipositor length 2.7–5.2 mm, 1.3–2.3 × as long as metasoma. Vertex very finely striate to smooth medially, sometimes entirely smooth. Frons distinctly, weakly-curvedly, and transversely striate near ocelli, with a rugose shallow depression near antennal sockets. Face transversely striate to rugose. Antenna more or less thickened, weakly setiform, with 21–22 flagellomeres. Scapus more or less narrow and long, sometimes slightly curved, 1.8–2.0 × as long as its maximum width; last flagellomere pointed apically, 0.5–0.7 × length of scapus. Mesopleuron smooth in lower 0.6, coarsely longitudinally striate in upper 0.4, finely and densely striate in posterior lower corner, sometimes very finely coriaceous near precoxal furrow. Vein m-cu of the hind wing almost straight, weakly oblique towards base of wing and unsclerotized, sometimes very poorly defined, almost spectral. Hind coxa dorsally and ventrally striate, smooth medially, inner lateral part completely striate; coxa sometimes completely striate. Hind femur wide, 2.0–2.5 × as long as its maximum width. Basal sternal plate 0.4–0.6 × as long as first metasomal segment. First tergite entirely, densely, and longitudinally striate, without areas delimited by carinae. Second tergite entirely, and third in anterior 0.1–0.3 very densely longitudinally striate, remaining area of third tergite smooth. Remaining tergites smooth, sometimes very finely coriaceous. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.3–2.0 × as long as metasoma, 0.8–1.0 × as long as body, 1.3–1.8 × as long as fore wing. Body black to dark brown, sometimes light brown. Metasomal tergites sometimes completely black or dark brown; in one specimen almost all tergites light brown but apical two tergites dark brown; in two specimens first two tergites completely and anterior half of third tergite dark brown, remaining tergites light brown; in one specimen anterior part of first tergite dark brown, posterior 0.3 light brown to honey-yellow, remaining tergites honey yellow. Head black, sometimes dark brown. Antenna brown, sometimes light brown. Mandibles dark brown to brown to light brown, sclerotized apically. Palpi yellow to pale yellow. Fore and middle coxae and femora light brown; trochanters, tibiae and tarsi honey yellow; hind coxa dark brown, hind femur brown to dark brown ventrally, trochanter and tarsi light brown; legs sometimes completely brown to dark brown; in one specimen fore coxa and fore femur honey yellow, middle and hind coxae and femora brown to dark brown, all trochanters, tibiae and most tarsi light yellow to pale yellow, tarsal claw dark brown to black. Fore and hind wings hyaline, sometimes fore wing faintly infuscate. Pterostigma brown to dark brown. Male (Fig. 7A–D) Smaller than female. Body length 4.5–4.6 mm; fore wing length 2.9–3.0 mm. Antennae with more than 14 flagellomeres (apical segments missing); basal segments honey yellow to brown, apical segments brown to dark brown. Basal sternal plate 0.3–0.4 × as long as first segment. Hind femur 2.3 × as long as its maximum width. Fore wing pterostigma with thick, long, and very dense setae, sometimes with few, short, semierect setae; hind wing without stigma-like enlargement. Hind wing with rather short r-m, without vein RS; veins 2M, m-cu, and cu-a not sclerotized, very weakly defined. Both wings with a line of setae along margins. Body colour dark brown to black; all coxae and femora brown, tibiae light brown, trochanters, and tarsi light brown to honey yellow; tarsal claws brown to dark brown. Distribution The precise geographic records of this species are presented here for the first time, which include localities in the state of Jalisco and Mexico City in central Mexico. Hosts Unknown., Published as part of Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A. & Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, 2022, Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009, pp. 126-151 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 on pages 144-147, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, http://zenodo.org/record/7309218, {"references":["Zaldivar-Riveron A. & Belokobylskij S. A. 2009. The parasitic wasp genus Hecabolus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae), with the description of a new species from Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80: 419 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2009.002.618"]}

Genus Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 Hecabolus Curtis, 1834: 507. Anisopelma Wesmael, 1838: 134 (type species: A. belgicum Wesmael, 1838). Type species Hecabolus sulcatus Curtis, 1834. Diagnosis The main diagnostic characters that define the genus Hecabolus are an open first subdiscal cell, absence of vein r-m, antefurcal position of m-cu vein, and a distinctly wide hind femur (Tobias 1971, 1976; Marsh 2002). Other diagnostic features that have been proposed for Hecabolus are the hind coxa distinctly protruding forward and without a ventro-anterior tooth, and a deep and wide mesosternal suture (Belokobylskij & Tobias 1995). Composition Hecabolus acutus sp. nov. (NT); H. assis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. chrisaxeli sp. nov. (NT); H. costaricensis (NT); H. gavinbroadi sp. nov. (NT); H. julianoi Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. mexicanus (NT); H. robustus Zaldívar-Riverón & Sormus de Castro, 2013 (NT); H. semiaridus Sormus de Castro, Zaldívar-Riverón & Briceño, 2013 (NT); H shimborii Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. sulcatus (NA, PA); H. sulmatogrossensis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. transversalis sp. nov. (NT). Hosts The type species, H. sulcatus, has been recorded to be an idiobiont ectoparasitoid of coleopteran larvae of the families Anobiidae Fleming, 1821 (Elliot & Morley 1911; Györfi 1941; Thompson 1953; Starý 1957; Hickin 1961; Tobias 1976; Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986; Zaldívar-Riverón & Belokobylskij 2009); Buprestidae Leach, 1815 (Halperin 1986); Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Kolubajiv 1962); Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802 (Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986); Curculionidae Latreille, 1802 (Marshall 1897; Mantero 1904; de Gaulle 1907; Kleine 1909; Györfi 1943; Čapek 1960; Kolubajiv 1962; Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986; Hedqvist 1998); Lyctidae Billberg, 1820 (Donisthorpe 1940); and Ptinidae Latreille, 1802 (Rondani 1871; Marshall 1885; Mantero 1904; de Gaulle 1907; Elliot & Morley 1907, 1911; Rudow 1918; Leonardi 1926; Hellén 1927; Cotton & Good 1937; Telenga 1941; Thompson 1953; Stary 1957; Wegelius 1959; Tobias 1976; Čapek 1982; Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986; ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij 2009). Distribution Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions. Key to all described species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 1. Basal sternal plate (acrosternite) of first metasomal segment ≤ 0.4 × length of tergite.................... 2 – Basal sternal plate (acrosternite) of first metasomal segment> 0.4 × length of tergite..................... 5 2. Vertex at least partially striate; hind femur of female moderately swollen, 2.7–3.5 × its maximum width.................................................................................................................................................. 3 – Vertex smooth; hind femur of female considerably swollen, 2.0–2.2 × its maximum width............ 4 3. Median lobe of mesoscutum without antero-lateral pointed edges above notauli; prescutellar depression with 3–5 carinae; propodeum without defined carinae; first metasomal tergite without defined lateral carinae; second metasomal tergite entirely striate, with wide and shallow baso-lateral subparallel depressions................................................................................ H. sulcatus Curtis, 1834 – Median lobe of mesoscutum with antero-lateral pointed edges above notauli; prescutellar depression with 10–12 carinae; propodeum with a median irregular carinae; first metasomal tergite with two defined lateral longitudinal carinae; second metasomal tergite entirely smooth, without depression.............................................................................................................. H. acutus sp. nov. 4. First and second tergites entirely and third tergite partially striate, remaining area of third tergite and following tergites smooth and polished; lateral area of pronotum weakly rugose..................................................................................................... H. assis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 – First and second tergites striate, remaining tergites entirely acinose; lateral area of pronotum strongly rugose....................................................... H. robustus Zaldívar-Riverón & Sormus de Castro, 2013 5. Vertex entirely smooth; mesoscutal lobes mainly smooth (except H. gavinbroadi sp. nov.)........... 6 – Vertex at least partially striate; mesoscutal lobes coriaceous............................................................ 8 6. Mesoscutal lobes densely coriaceous; pterostigma wide, H. gavinbroadi sp. nov. – Mesoscutal lobes smooth; pterostigma narrow, 4.0 × as long as wide; second metasomal tergite partially striate; antennae with> 14 flagellomeres........................................................................... 7 7. Vein 2CU of fore wing arising behind middle of subdiscal cell; first discal cell of fore wing short, 1.6 × as long as wide; veins 1M and m-cu of fore wing parallel.................................................................................................. H. semiaridus Sormus de Castro, Zaldívar-Riverón & Briceño-G., 2013 – Vein 2CU of fore wing interstitial to vein 1CU; first discal cell of fore wing long, 2.5 × as long as wide; veins 1M and m-cu of fore wing slightly divergent posteriorly................................................................................................. H. sulmatogrossensis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 8. Pterostigma wide, H. costaricensis Marsh, 2013 – Second metasomal tergite only anteriorly sculptured, remaining area smooth............................... 10 10. Propodeum without distinct carinae; second metasomal tergite with two densely striate subparallel anterior depressions; vein 1M of forewing 1.7–1.8 × as long as vein 1RS, vein cu-a posfurcal to vein 1M; vein RS of hindwing weakly defined, almost spectral.............................. H. chrisaxeli sp. nov. – Propodeum with distinct median and lateral carinae; second metasomal tergite densely striate transversally, without basal depressions; vein 1M of forewing 1.0–1.1 × as long as vein 1RS, vein cu-a interstitial to vein 1M; vein RS of hindwing absent............................ H. transversalis sp. nov. 11. Basal sternal plate of first metasomal segment distinctly long, 0.5–0.6 × as long as tergite; fourth tergite partially basally sculptured (reticulate-punctate), remaining tergites smooth; ovipositor and sheaths long, 3.2–3.5 × as long as metasoma............................................................................................................ H. julianoi Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 [we reexamined specimens of this species and found that the fourth metasomal segment is partially sculptured, not the fifth]. – Basal sternal plate of first metasomal segment moderately long, about no more than 0.5 × as long as tergite; fourth tergite entirely smooth; ovipositor and sheaths short, 1.5–2.3 × as long as metasoma........................................................................................................................................ 12 12. Vein 2CU of fore wing interstitial to vein 1CU; vein M+CU of hind wing 1.4 × as long as vein 1M; mesopleuron with coriaceous sculpture.............................................................................................................................................................. H. shimborii Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 – Vein 2CU of fore wing arising after middle of subdiscal cell; vein M+CU × as long as 1M; mesopleuron without coriaceous sculpture............................................................................................................................................................. H. mexicanus Zaldívar-Riverón & Belokobylskij, 2009, Published as part of Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A. & Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, 2022, Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009, pp. 126-151 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 on pages 128-130, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, http://zenodo.org/record/7309218, {"references":["Curtis J. 1834. British Entomology; Being Illustrations and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects Found in Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. III. Dermaptera. Dyctyoptera. Orthoptera. Strepsiptera. Hymenoptera, part I. By John Curtis, London.","Wesmael C. 1838. Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Nouveaux memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 11: 1 - 166.","Tobias V. I. 1971. 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Supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, with preliminary dissertations on the history of sciences, Volume 5: 41 - 56. A. Constable and Company, Edinburgh.","Gyorfi J. 1941. Beitrage zur geographischen Verbreitung der Schlupfwespen in Finnland und zur Kenntnis deren Wirte. Annales Entomologici Fennici 7: 86 - 91.","Thompson W. R. 1953. A Catalogue of the Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests. Section 2. Host Parasite Catalogue. Part 2. Hosts of the Hymenoptera (Agaonidae to Braconidae). Commonworld Institute of the Biological Control, Ottawa.","Stary P. 1957. Notes on the Braconidae (Hym.) of Czechoslovakia IV (Part 1). Casopis Ceske Spolecnosti Entomologicke 54: 277 - 292.","Hickin N. E. 1961. An introduction to the study of Anobium punctatum. Pest Control Conference of the Rentokil Group. Progress through Technology 1960: 1 - 34","Belokobylskij S. A. & Tobias V. I. 1986. Doryctinae. In: Medvedev G. S. (ed.) Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Pereponchatokrylye 4: 21 - 72. Opr. Faune SSSR.","Zaldivar-Riveron A. & Belokobylskij S. A. 2009. The parasitic wasp genus Hecabolus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae), with the description of a new species from Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80: 419 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2009.002.618","Leach W. E. 1815. The Zoological Miscellany: Being Descriptions of New, or Interesting Animals. R. P. Nodder, London.","Halperin J. 1986. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) associated with forest and ornamental trees and schrubs in Israel. Phytoparasitica 14: 119 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02980898","Latreille P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes. Tome Troisieme. L'Imprimerie F. Dufart, Paris.","Kolubajiv S. 1962. Die Ergebnisse der Zuchten von Entomolophagen (der Parasiten und Rauber) der schadlichen Insekten (vorwiegend der Forstschadlinge von 1934 bis 1958). Rozpravy Ceske Akademie 72: 1 - 73.","Marshall T. A. 1897. Braconidae. In: Andre E. (ed.). Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. Cote-d'Or, Beaune (1896) 5: 1 - 635.","Mantero G. 1904. Res ligusticae xxxiii. Materiali per un catalogo degli Imenotteri liguri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 41: 14 - 51.","De Gaulle J. 1907. Catalogue systematique et biologique des Hymenopteres de France. Fam. VIII Braconidae. La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes 38: 163 - 167.","Kleine R. 1909. Die europaischen Borkenkafer und ihre Feinde aus den Ordnungen der Coleopteren und Hymenopteren. Entomologische Blatter 5: 41 - 50.","Gyorfi J. 1943. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Wirte von Schlupfwespen. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 30: 79 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1944. tb 00588. x","Capek M. 1960. Verzeichnis der Parasiten, die aus schadlichen Insekten an VULH in Banska Stiavnica erzogen wurden. Teil I. Wirte der Brackwespen - Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Vedecke Prace 1: 199 - 212.","Hedqvist K. J. 1998. Bark beetle enemies in Sweden 2. Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 52: 1 - 87.","Billberg G. J. 1820. Enumeratio Insectorum in Museo. Typis Gadelianis, Holmiae [Stockholm].","Donisthorpe H. 1940. Xorides indicatorius Latr.? parasitic on Leiopus nebulosus L., and a list of other species of hymenopterous parasites of Coleoptera in Great Britain. Entomologist 73: 14 - 20.","Rondani C. 1871. Degli insetti parassiti e delle loro vittime. Continuazione. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 3: 121 - 143.","Marshall T. A. 1885. Monograph of British Braconidae. Part I. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1885: 1 - 280.","Elliot E. A. & Morley C. 1907. On the hymenopterous parasites of Coleoptera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 55: 7 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1907. tb 03063. x","Rudow F. 1918. Braconiden und ihre Wirte. Entomologische Zeitschrift 32: 7 - 8.","Leonardi G. 1926. Elenco delle specie di insetti dannosi e loro parasiti ricordati in Italia fino all'anno 1911. Parte II, Fasc. III. Annali del Regio Istituto Superiore Agrario in Portici 1: 148 - 295.","Hellen W. 1927. Zur Kenntnis der Braconiden (Hym.). I. Subfam. Braconinae (part.), Rhogadinae und Spathiinae. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 56: 1 - 59","Cotton R. T. & Good N. E. 1937. Annotated List of the Insects and Mites Aassociated With Stored Grain and Cerael Products, and of their Arthropod Parasites and Predators. Miscellaneous Publication. No. 258, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.","Telenga N. A. 1941. Family Braconidae, subfamily Braconinae (continuation) and Sigalphinae. Fauna USSR. Hymenoptera 5. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 1941.","Wegelius A. 1959. Hecabolus sulcatus Curt. Notulae Entomologicae 39: 1 - 30.","Capek M., Hladil J. & Sedivy J. 1982. Verzeichnis der aus verschiedenen Insekten erzogenen parasitischen Hymenopteren. Teil VI. Entomological Problems 17: 325 - 371."]}

Hecabolus cinctus Walker, 1874 (Figure 38) Taxonomic history. This species was transferred to Bracon Fabricius, 1804 by Papp (1998), who designated a lectotype, although there is no reason to suppose from Walker’s (1874) original description that there was more one specimen in the type series. Current taxonomy. Bracon cinctus (Walker, 1874) (Braconidae: Braconinae: Braconini). Type number. Type 3c.217. Specimen # NHMUK010881035 Type status. Lectotype, designated by Papp (1998). Sex. Male. Type locality. Japan. Label data. First label, ‘Type’ (round label, with red margin; printed); second label, ‘B.M. TYPE /HYM./3.c.217.’ (square label; first and second lines printed and third line handwriting); third label, ‘ Japan./Coll.F. Walker./ 1913–71.’ (square label; printed); fourth label, ‘262’ (square label; handwriting); fifth label, ‘ Hecabolus?/cinctus’ (square label; handwriting); sixth label, ‘non Hecabolus,/no occipit. Carina/no prepectal – ’ – [ditto: carina]/3 cubital cells present/see structure terg.1!/rather Bracon sp./det. Fischer 1980” (square label; handwriting); seventh label, ‘ Lectotype ♂ / Hecabolus /cinctus %/ Walker 1874 ’ (square label, with red margin; handwriting); eighth label, ‘ Bracon ♂ / cinctus (Walker) /det. Papp J., 1997’ (square label; handwriting except for ‘det. Papp J., 19’ printed). Condition. Rather good, just the fore legs are broken and some parts are mounted on the glue board., Published as part of Shimizu, So & Broad, Gavin R., 2020, Photographic catalogue of the oldest primary types of Japanese Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), those described by Frederick Smith and Francis Walker in 1874, pp. 1115-1198 in Journal of Natural History 54 (17) on pages 1174-1175, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1776905, http://zenodo.org/record/4116141, {"references":["Walker F. 1874. Descriptions of some Japanese Hymenoptera. Cistula Entomol. 1: 301 - 310.","Fabricius JC. 1804. Systema Piezatorum: secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Brunsvigae: Carolum Reichard; 439 + 32 pp.","Papp J. 1998. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, XIX. Acta Zool Acad Scientiarum Hungaricae. 43: 93 - 110."]}

Hecabolus shimborii Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. n. Figs 5 A–D. Diagnosis. This species is morphologically similar to H. mexicanus. However, H. shimborii can be distinguished from the latter species by having the mesopleuron with coriaceous sculpture (without coriaceous sculpture in H. mexicanus); vein 2 CU of fore wing interstitial to vein 1 CU (vein 2 CU arising after middle of subdiscal cess in H. mexicanus); and vein M+CU of hind wing 1.4 times longer than vein 1 M (vein M+CU as long as 1 M in H. mexicanus). Description. Female. Body length 3.3 mm; fore wing length 2.1 mm; ovipositor length 2.7 mm. Head: head width 1.7 times median length (dorsal view), 1.2 times width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) weakly convex in anterior half, weakly roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 1.7 times eyes as long as temple. Ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 1.0 times Od, 0.3 times OOL. Ocell-ocular distance about 3.0 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Eye 1.0 times higher than broad. Height of malar space 0.6 times height of eye, 1.5 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.2 times height of eye and 1.2 times height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression elliptical, 0.7 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae 18 antennomeres. Scape 1.5 times longer than maximum width. First flagellar segment straight, 3.3 times longer than apical width, as long as second segment. Mesosoma: Length 1.9 times its height. Pronotum short, with a submedial pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view), moderately declivous and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 1.0 times maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum shortly protruding forward, without distinct anterolateral shoulders. Notauli deep and scrobiculate. Prescutellar depression shallow, with eight longitudinal carinae, about 0.4 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Precoxal sulcus wide and deep, running along whole length of lower part of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth indistinct. Metanotal lobe long and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with small lateral blunt tubercles. Wings. Fore wing 3.6 times longer than its maximum width, pterostigma narrow, 3.6 times longer than wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.9 times maximum width. Vein R 1 1.2 times longer than pterostigma. Vein r 0.7 times as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa slightly curved anteriorly and straight in posterior half, 5.2 times longer than r, 2.6 times longer than 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 2.0 times longer than vein r and 3.3 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein m-cu antefurcal to vein 2 RS. Ve i n R S +M a moderately curved. First discal cell long, 2.8 times longer than wide. Vein 1 M and vein m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly. Vein 1 M 1.4 times longer than vein 1 RS, 2.5 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein cu-a straight, clearly postfurcal to vein 1 M. Vein M+CU slightly S-shaped. Subdiscal cell open distally, vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2 CU interstitial to vein 1 CU. Hind wing 4.6 times longer than wide; vein C+Sc+R 0.3 times longer than vein Sc+R; basal cell extremely narrow, its length 22.3 times maximum width, 0.3 times length of wing. Vein M+CU 1.4 times longer than vein 1 M. Legs: Fore tibia with at least seven spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, weakly protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.3 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur moderately broad, 3.1 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide. Hind tarsus 0.8 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.9 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.5 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). Metasoma: Metasoma longer than head and mesosoma combined. First tergite with moderately long basal sternal plate, 0.4 times as long as first tergite; with very small dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 3.3 times its minimum width; length 0.8 times its apical width, 1.3 times length of propodeum. Second tergite without any furrows. Median length of second tergite 0.7 times basal width of second tergite, 1.2 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.7 times their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.5 times as long as metasoma, 2.4 times longer than mesosoma, about 0.8 times as long as body, 1.2 times as long as fore wing. Sculpture and pubescence: Vertex striate; frons strongly rugose; face striate-rugose; gena and temple smooth. Pronotal groove, wide, deep and scrobiculate; lateral area of pronotum rugose and setose, with transversal carinae. Mesoscutum coriaceous. Notauli not joining, obscured in basal half of mesoscutum by large, longitudinally striaterugose area. Scutellum slightly coriaceous. Mesopleuron porcate-finely coriaceous dorsally, smooth to finely coriaceous medially and ventrally; venter of mesopleuron slightly coriaceous; subalar groove wide, deep and scrobiculate-finely coriaceous; mesopleural sulcus deep and scrobiculate, precoxal sulcus scrobiculate, slightly rugose between carinae. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum rugose-areolate, without defined carinae, with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Hind coxa striate-rugose dorsally, slightly rugose ventrally. Hind femur slightly coriaceous. First and second metasomal tergites longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; third tergite with a basal, longitudinally striate semicircular area, remaining area smooth; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Colour: Body dark brown to black; face brown; mandible honey yellow; scape and pedicel honey yellow; flagellomeres honey yellow at base, turning dark brown to black at apex; ocelli yellow; eye grey; fore and middle legs dark brown, trochanter, trochantellus and tarsi honey yellow; hind coxa, femur and tibia dark brown, trochanter, trochantellus and tibia and tarsi honey yellow; wings hyaline, pterostigma and veins brown. Ovipositor and sheaths dark brown; tip of ovipositor strongly sclerotised. Variation. Females. Body length 2.4–3.4 mm; fore wing length 2.0– 2.2 mm; ovipositor 2.2–2.7 mm; basal sternal plate 0.3–0.4 times longer than length of first tergite; hind femur 3.3–4.3 times longer than wide. Male. Body length 2.6 mm; fore wing length 1.8 mm; basal sternal plate 0.4 times longer length of first tergite; hind femur 3.6 times longer than wide. Only male with hind wings broken. Material examined. Holotype, female (IB-UNAM): Brazil: Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 6.XII. 1938, Fritz Plaumann, B.M. 1939 - 181. Twelve paratypes, eleven females, one male (IB-UNAM; BMNH): Brazil: one female, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 19 /X/ 1937, Fritz Plaumann col., B. M. 1937 - 656; one female, Brazil, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 06/XII/ 1938, Fritz Plaumann col., B. M. 1939 - 181; one female, Nova Teutonia, 18 /X/ 1956, F. Plaumann col., B. M. 1957 - 341; one female, Nova Teutonia, 28 /XI/ 1940, F. Plaumann col., B. M. 1957 - 341; one female, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, I/ 1937, Fritz Plaumann col.; two females, Nova Teutonia, 19 /XI/ 1940, F. Plaumann col., B. M. 1957 - 341; one female, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, XI/ 1935, Fritz Plaumann col.; three females, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, 12 /II/ 1937, Fritz Plaumann col., B. M. 1937 - 656; one Male, Nova Teutonia, 27 0 11`B 52 0 23`L, I/ 1937, Fritz Plaumann col. Distribution. Nova Teutonia, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named in honour of our friend and colleague Eduardo Mitio Shimbori., Published as part of Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3) on pages 387-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/221406

Hecabolus robustus Zaldívar-Riverón & Sormus de Castro sp. n. Figs 3 A–D, 4 E. Diagnosis. Hecabolus robustus is morphologically similar to H. assis, but it differs from this species by the features mentioned above (see H. assis diagnosis). Description. Female. Body length 3.2 mm; fore wing length 2.6 mm; ovipositor length 2.4 mm. Head: head width 1.5 times median length (dorsal view), 0.9 times width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, weakly roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 1.3 times eyes as long as temple. Ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 1.3 times Od, 0.3 times OOL. Ocell -ocular distance about 3.8 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Eye 1.1 times higher than broad. Height of malar space 0.4 times height of eye, 1.8 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.2 times height of eye and 1.1 times height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression elliptical and small, 0.9 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae 21 antennomeres (one antenna broken, 19 antennomeres). Scape 1.6 times longer than maximum width. First flagellar segment straight, 2.5 times longer than apical width, slightly shorter than second segment. Mesosoma: Length 1.9 times its height. Pronotum short, with a submedial pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view), strongly declivous and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.8 times maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, without distinct anterolateral shoulders. Notauli deep and scrobiculate, wide anteriorly, slightly narrowing posteriorly. Prescutellar depression shallow, with six longitudinal carinae, about 0.4 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Precoxal sulcus wide and deep, running along 0.6 of lower part of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth short and blunt. Metanotal lobe long and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with small, lateral blunt tubercles. Wings. Fore wing 3.1 times longer than its maximum width, pterostigma slightly wide, 2.4 times longer than wide. Vein r arising on basal third of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.8 times maximum width. Vein R 1 1.3 times longer than pterostigma. Vein r 0.7 times as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa slightly curved anteriorly and straight in posterior half, 6.4 times longer than r, 3.6 times longer than 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 1.2 times longer than vein r and 1.5 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein m-cu slightly antefurcal to vein 2 RS, vein RS+Mb considerably short. Vein RS+Ma distinctly curved. Discal cell 2.0 times longer than wide. Vein 1 M and vein m-cu parallel. Vein 1 M 1.5 times longer than vein 1 RS, 1.9 times longer than vein m-cu. Vein cu-a almost straight, clearly postfurcal to vein 1 M. Vein M+CU slightly S-shaped. Subdiscal cell open distally, vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2 CU arising behind middle of subdiscal cell, almost interstitial to vein 1 CU. Hind wing 4.4 times longer than wide; vein C+Sc+R 1.1 times longer than vein Sc+R; basal cell narrow, widened in apical half, its length 6.3 times maximum width, 0.3 times length of wing. Vein M+CU 1.8 times longer than vein 1 M. Legs: Fore tibia with at least nine spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, weakly protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.3 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur wide, 2.3 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide. Hind tarsus 0.8 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.9 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.5 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). Metasoma: metasoma slightly shorter than head and mesosoma combined. First tergite with basal sternal plate short, no more than 0.2 times as long as first tergite; with very small dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 1.5 times its minimum width; length about the same size as apical width, 1.2 times length of propodeum. Second tergite without any furrows. Median length of second tergite 0.4 times its basal width, 1.1 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.8 times their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.3 times longer than metasoma, 2.0 times longer than mesosoma, about 0.7 times as long as body, 0.9 times as long as fore wing. Sculpture and pubescence: vertex smooth, frons mostly smooth, slightly striate near ocelli; face transversally striate-rugose; gena and temple smooth. Pronotal groove, wide, deep and scrobiculate; lateral area of pronotum strongly rugose and glabrous. Mesoscutum coriaceous. Notauli not joining, obscured at the middle of mesoscutum by a large longitudinally striate-rugose area. Scutellum smooth, with sparse, short setae. Mesopleuron porcate dorsally, smooth medially and ventrally; venter of mesopleuron slightly coriaceous; subalar groove wide, deep and scrobiculate, finishing after reaching precoxal sulcus; mesopleural sulcus deep and scrobiculate, precoxal sulcus slightly scrobiculate. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum coriaceous on basal half, rugose-areolate on apical half, with a median and lateral longitudinal carinae, with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Hind coxa strongly striate-rugose dorsally, mostly smooth ventrally. Hind femur smooth and sparsely setose. First and second metasomal tergites longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; first tergite with two parallel, longitudinal median carinae, narrowing apically; third tergite strongly and remaining ones finely acinose; third tergite with a semicircular apical, slightly visible groove. Colour: Head brown, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown to black; scape and pedicel honey yellow; flagellomeres honey yellow at base, turning dark brown to black at apex; ocelli pale yellow; eyes grey; fore and middle legs honey yellow; hind coxa and femur dark brown, trochanter, trochantellus, tibia and tarsi honey yellow; wings hyaline, pterostigma and veins brown. Ovipositor and sheaths dark brown; tip of ovipositor strongly sclerotised. Variation. Females. Body length 3.2–4.5 mm; fore wing length 2.6–3.1 mm; ovipositor 2.4–4.1 mm; vertex slightly coriaceous to smooth; antennae 19–21 -segmented; venter of mesosoma slightly coriaceous to smooth; hind femur 2.3–3.1 times longer than wide. Male. Body length 3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.0 mm; hind femur 2.7 times longer than wide. Antennae 19 antennomeres. Hind wing with stigma-like enlargement. Material examined. Holotype, female (IB-UNAM): Brazil, Mato Grosso, Río Caraguatá, 0 5. IV. 1953, F. Plaumann, B.M. 1957 - 341. Two paratypes, one female, one male (BMNH): one female, same data as holotype; one male, same data as holotype, 20. X. 1956. Distribution. Mato Grosso do Sul state, midwest Brazil. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. The name of this species refers to its robust body structure in comparison with other species of Hecabolus., Published as part of Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3) on pages 383-385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/221406

Hecabolus assis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. n. Figs 1 A–D Diagnosis. Hecabolus assis is morphologically similar to one of the species described below, H. robustus sp. nov. These two species share a vertex entirely smooth; mesoscutal lobes coriaceous; propodeum coriaceous on basal half, punctate-areolate on apical half, with a median and a lateral longitudinal carinae; basal sternal plate (acrosternite) short, no more than 0.2 times length of first metasomal tergite; and hind femur broad, about 2.0– 2.2 times longer than wide. However, H. assis mainly differs from H. robustus sp. nov. by having part of the third and following tergites smooth and polished (third and following tergites acinose in H. robustus sp.nov.), and lateral area of pronotum weakly rugose (strongly rugose in H. robustus sp. nov.). Description. Female. Body length 3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.6 mm; ovipositor length 2.4 mm. Head: Head width 1.9 times median length (dorsal view), 0.9 times width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) weakly convex in anterior half, weakly roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 2.0 times longer than temple. Ocelli small, arranged in isosceles triangle. POL 2.0 times Od, 0.7 times OOL. Eye glabrous, without emargination opposite antennal sockets, 1.3 times higher than broad. Height of malar space around 0.3 times height of eye. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression elliptical, 0.7 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae more than 14 -segmented (apical segments missing). Scape 1.5 times longer than its maximum width, first flagellar segment straight, 3.0 times longer than apical width, as long as second segment. Mesosoma: Length of mesosoma 1.9 times its height. Pronotum short, dorsally weakly convex, with distinct submedial pronotal carina. Mesoscutum strongly declivous anteriorly and roundly elevated above pronotum (lateral view); its length (dorsal view) 0.7 times maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum shortly protruding forward, without distinct anterolateral shoulders. Notauli wide anteriorly, narrow posteriorly, deep and scrobiculate. Prescutellar depression deep, with seven carinae, about 0.4 times as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Precoxal sulcus wide, shallow and straight, running along 0.6 length of lower part of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth short, wide and blunt. Metapleural lobe large and narrow. Propodeum with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Wings: fore wing 2.9 times longer than its maximum width. Pterostigma narrow, 3.3 times longer than wide. Vein r arising before middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 3.0 times maximum width. Vein R 1 1.2 times longer than pterostigma. Vein r 1.0 times as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa slightly curved anteriorly and straight in posterior half, 6.0 times longer than vein r, 4.5 times longer than vein 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 1.3 longer than vein r, and twice longer than vein m-cu. Vein m-cu antefurcal to vein 2 RS. Vein (RS+M)a slightly curved. First discal cell 2.3 longer than wide. Veins 1 M and m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly. Vein 1 M 3.0 times longer than vein 1 RS, 3.0 longer than vein m-cu. Vein cu-a curved, distance from vein cu-a to vein 1 M equal to vein cu-a length. Vein M+CU distinctly S-shaped. Subdiscal cell open distally, vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2 CU arising behind middle of subdiscal cell, almost interstitial to vein 1 CU. Hind wing 4.5 times longer than its maximum width. Vein C+Sc+R 2.8 times longer than vein Sc+R. Basal cell narrow, weakly widened in apical half, its length 6.0 times maximum width, 0.3 times length of wing. Vein M+CU 1.8 times longer than vein 1 M. Vein mcu unsclerotised, almost straight, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Legs: Fore tibia with a row of at least seven spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.5 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur considerably broad, 2.2 times longer than wide. Hind tibia rather wide. Hind tarsus 0.8 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.8 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.4 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). Metasoma: Metasoma longer than head and mesosoma combined. First tergite with short basal sternal plate, 0.2 times as long as tergite, with small dorsope, linearly widened from base to apex. Maximum width of first tergite 1.3 times its minimum width; length about 0.9 times its apical width, 0.9 times length of propodeum. Second tergite without any furrows. Median length of second tergite about 0.4 times its basal width, 2.0 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.7 times their maximum width. Second suture shallow, slightly sinuate. Ovipositor sheaths thick, 1.4 times as long as metasoma, 1.7 times longer than mesosoma, about 0.7 times as long as body, about the same length as fore wing. Sculpture and pubescence: Vertex and frons entirely smooth. Face transversally costate-rugose and setose; temple and gena smooth. Pronotal groove wide, deep, scrobiculate laterally, smooth medially; lateral area of pronotum weakly rugose. Mesoscutal lobes coriaceous, sparsely setose. Notauli not joining, obscuring before basal half of mesoscutum in a large, longitudinally costate-rugose area. Scutellum smooth, sparsely setose. Mesopleuron smooth dorsally and medially, slightly diagonally costate ventrally; venter of mesopleuron slightly rugose; subalar sulcus wide, deep and scrobiculate dorsally, absent after reaching precoxal sulcus; mesopleural sulcus wide, deep and scrobiculate; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum coriaceous on basal half, punctate-areolate on apical half, with a median and a lateral longitudinal carinae running along its entire length. Hind coxa smooth to slightly rugose dorsally, striate-rugose ventrally. Hind femur smooth and setose. First metasomal tergite longitudinally striate with carinate microsculpture, with a pair of complete median longitudinal carinae; second tergite longitudinally striate with carinate microsculpture; third tergite finely carinate on basal half, smooth on apical half. Remaining tergites smooth and polished. Colour: Body black, face, clypeus, malar space and mandibles dark brown. Scape, pedicel and first flagellomere honey yellow, remaining flagellomeres honey yellow, turning black apically. Fore and middle legs honey yellow, except basal half of femora, which are dark brown. Hind coxa dark brown to black, trochanter and trochantellus honey yellow, femur dark brown; tarsi and tibia honey yellow. Wings hyaline, pterostigma dark brown, veins brown. Ovipositor brown, tip of ovipositor strongly sclerotised; sheaths brown, turning black to apex. Material examined. Holotype. Female (DCBU): Brazil, São Paulo state, Assis, 04/X/ 2008, Estação Ecológica de Assis, 22 o 35 ’ 14 ’’ S – 50 o 22 ’ 38 ’’ W, savannah; Carolina Silva e Souza col. Male. Unknown. Distribution. Assis municipality, São Paulo state, southeast Brazil. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the municipality of Assis where the only known specimen of this species was collected., Published as part of Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3) on pages 378-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/221406

Hecabolus julianoi Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón sp. n. Figs 2 A–D Diagnosis. This is the most distinctive and largest species of Hecabolus. It can be distinguished from the other described species by having the basal sternal plate of first metasomal tergite long, 0.5–0.6 times length of tergite (less than 0.4 times in the remaining species); first three metasomal tergites entirely and fifth tergite partially sculptured, following tergites smooth; and ovipositor and sheaths considerably long, 3.2 times longer than metasoma (no more than 1.9 times in other species of Hecabolus). Hecabolus julianoi shares with H. assis, H. costaricensis, H. mexicanus and H. robustus sp. nov. a broad hind femur, 2.0 times longer than wide; and with H. sulcatus the second tergite with a wide and shallow subparallel depression. Description. Female. Body length 5.2 mm; fore wing length 3.6 mm; ovipositor length 7.0 mm. Head: Head width 1.3 times median length (dorsal view), 0.8 times width of mesoscutum. Transverse diameter of eye 1.1 times as long as temple; ocelli small, arranged in equilateral triangle. POL 1.0 times Od, 0.3 times OOL. Eye glabrous, with indistinct emargination opposite antennal sockets, 1.6 times higher than broad. Height of malar space 0.5 times height of eye, 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.1 times height of eye. Malar suture absent. Hypoclypeal depression elliptical and considerably small; 2.0 times longer than wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Head below eyes roundly narrowed. Antennae thickened, more than 25 antennomeres (apical flagellomeres missing). Scapus 1.5 times longer than its maximum width, setose apically. First flagellar segment straight, 3.0 times longer than apical width, 0.8 times longer than second segment. Mesosoma: Length 3.0 times its maximum height. Pronotum long, dorsally weakly convex. Mesoscutum moderately declivous anteriorly and roundly elevated above pronotum (lateral view), its length (dorsal view) 1.2 times maximum width. Notauli wide and scrobiculate. Prescutellar depression deep, with five carinae, finely rugose between carinae, 0.5 times as long as scutellum. Precoxal sulcus narrow, straight and shallow, well defined on anterior half, obscuring in a longitudinal slightly striate area near metapleuron. Metanotal tooth almost indistinct. Propodeum with small and blunt lateral tubercles. Wings: Fore wing 4.0 times longer than its maximum width. Pterostigma narrow, 4.6 times longer than wide; vein r arising before middle of pterostigma; marginal cell long, its length 4.5 times maximum width; vein R 1 1.7 times longer than pterostigma; vein r 1.3 times width of pterostigma; vein 3 RSa slightly curved anteriorly, straight in posterior half, 12.5 times longer than r, 5.0 times longer than vein 2 RS; vein 2 RS 2.5 times longer than vein r and 2.5 times longer than recurrent vein m-cu; vein m-cu antefurcal to vein 2 RS; (RS+M)a distinctly curved. First discal cell 2.7 times longer than wide; veins 1 M and m-cu parallel. Vein cu-a straight, postfurcal to vein 1 M. M+CU distinctly S-shaped posteriorly. Subdiscal cell open distally, 2 cu-a vein absent; vein 2 CU arising after middle of subdiscal cell. Hind wing 5.7 times longer than wide; first C+Sc+R 1.1 times longer than Sc+R; basal cell narrow, weakly widened in apical half, its length 13.0 times maximum width, 0.2 times length of wing; vein M+CU 0.4 times longer than 1 M; vein m-cu unsclerotised, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Legs: Fore tibia with a row of at least nine slender spines arranged more or less in a line. Hind coxa without basoventral tubercle, protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.7 times longer than maximum width. Hind femur broad, 2.0 times longer than wide. Hind tibia wide apically. Hind tarsus 1.1 times as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.6 times as long as second-fifth segments combined. Second tarsal segment 0.7 times as long as basitarsus, 2.0 times as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). Metasoma: metasoma considerably long, 1.6 times length of mesosoma and head combined. Basal sternal plate of first tergite long, 0.5 times as long as first tergite. First tergite with small dorsope, only slightly widened from base to apex. Maximum width of first tergite 1.7 times its minimum width; length 3.1 times its apical width, 2.8 times length of propodeum. Second tergite with a wide and shallow subparallel depression. Median length of second tergite 0.8 times basal width of second tergite, median length of second tergite 2.1 times length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.9 times as long as their maximum width. Ovipositor and sheaths long, 3.2 times longer than metasoma, 4.2 times longer than mesosoma, about 1.6 times longer than body, 2.7 times longer than fore wing. Sculpture and pubescence: vertex slightly striate laterally, smooth medially; frons excavated, entirely striate. Face striate-rugose, with sparse, long setae; temple smooth, gena slightly rugulose. Pronotal groove wide, deep and scrobiculate, with slightly rugose microsculpture; lateral area of pronotum slightly rugose with transversal carinae. Mesoscutal lobes entirely coriaceous. Notauli not joining, reaching the end of mesoscutum in a large longitudinally striate-rugose area. Scutellum smooth, sparsely setose. Mesopleuron porcate dorsally, smooth medially and ventrally; venter of mesopleuron smooth, slightly striate-rugose posteriorly; subalar sulcus deep and scrobiculate, wide dorsally, narrowing ventrally; mesopleural sulcus narrow, deep and scrobiculate; precoxal sulcus slightly scrobiculate on anterior half. Metapleuron rugose-areolate. Propodeum rugose-areolate, without any longitudinal carinae. Hind coxae slightly rugose dorsally, slightly costate and setose ventrally. Hind femur smooth, densely setose ventrally, sparsely setose dorsally. First three metasomal tergites longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; fourth tergite smooth and polished; fifth tergite punctate on basal third, smooth and polished on apical two thirds; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Colour: Body dark brown to black, last four metasomal tergites brown, turning honey yellow to apex; scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellomeres brown, turning dark brown towards apex; eyes dark brown; fore and middle legs brown, mid femur dark brown; hind coxa and femur dark brown to black, trochanter and trochantellus honey yellow, tibia honey yellow on basal third, brown to dark brown on apical two thirds; tarsi light brown; wings hyaline; pterostigma dark brown; veins brown, ovipositor brown, tip of ovipositor strongly sclerotised; sheaths brown, turning black to apex. Variation. Body length 3.8–5.2 mm; fore wing length 3.0– 3.6 mm; ovipositor length 5.6 –7.0 mm; ovipositor 3.2–3.5 times longer than metasoma; acrosternite 0.5–0.6 times as long as length of first metasomal tergite. Male. Smaller than female; Body length 3.0– 3.4 mm; fore wing length 2.2–2.8 mm; basal sternal plate 0.5–0.6 times longer than length of first tergite; hind wing without pterostigma. Material examined. Holotype. Female (CNIN IB-UNAM): Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra da Canastra, Casca D’anta, 07/XII/ 2010, Malaise trap, J. Fiorelini Nunes col. Paratypes. Seven specimens, two females, five males (CNIN IB-UNAM, DCBU): two females, same data as holotype, 23 /IX/ 2010; one male, same data as holotype, 07/XII/ 2010; one male, same data as holotype, 24 /II/ 2011; three males, same data as holotype, 07/XI/ 2010. Distribution. Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. We named this species in honour of our good friend and colleague Juliano “ Rhaconotus ” F. Nunes, who collected the type series. Comments. We examined four specimens from USA, which have considerable morphological variation in body sculpture and size among them. These specimens do not belong to H. sulcatus but instead they resemble in general appearance specimens of H. julianoi, with some of them being considerably larger and with longer ovipositors. Further examination of additional material will reveal whether the specimens from USA represent separate species., Published as part of Castro, Clóvis Sormus De, Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Briceño-G, Rosa & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2013, The genus Hecabolus Curtis 1834 (Braconidae: Doryctinae) in South America, with description of six new species, pp. 377-391 in Zootaxa 3664 (3) on pages 380-382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/221406

Hecabolus sulcatus CURTIS, 1834 Material: Nakhchivan AR, dist. Ordubad, 1.VI.1965, fruit gardens, 1 ♀, leg. Mamedov. Hosts: Hylesinus fraxini PZ., Phloeosinus aubei PERRIS, Ph. thujae PERR.. (Curculionidae), Ptilinus pectinicornis L., P. fuscus GEOFFR.., Cacotemnus rufipesrufipes F., Anobium punctatum DEG., Ochina ptinoides MARSH. (Anobiidae), Ptinus fur L. (Ptiinidae), Phymatodes (Poecilium) alni L. (Cerambycidae). Distribution: West Europe, Russia (Krasnodarsky Land, Dagestan), Azerbaijan, Georgia., Published as part of Abdinbekova, Arifa, Huseynova, Ellada & Kerimova, Ilhama, 2010, Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, NAS of the Azerbaijan Republic Part I. Subfamilies Doryctinae, Rogadinae, Braconinae (Hymenoptera), pp. 427-440 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 60 (2) on pages 428-429, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.60.2.441-462

"The doryctine wasp genus Hecabolus Curtis and its type species, H. sulcatus Curtis, are redescribed. A new species from Mexico, H. mexicanus sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished from H. sulcatus and the other known species of the genus, H. costaricensis Marsh, in having a narrower pterostigma, longer discoidal (discal) cell, basal (1M) and recurrent (m-cu) veins diverging posteriorly, first abscissa of mediocubital (M+CU) vein of hind wing as long as the second abscissa (1M), and first metasomal tergite with a very small dorsope. A key for identification of the 3 known species of Hecabolus is provided."