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Egypt has recently inaugurated a mega development project aiming to alleviate the overpopulation along the Nile River and to meet the looming food gap. Toshka is a promising area where groundwater-dependent activities are being expanded adjacent to Lake Nasser. Thus, it is of utmost importance to provide a sustainable development approach and to assess the resulting environmental implications. Accordingly, a coupled groundwater flow and transport model was invoked. The generated model was successfully calibrated for the observed water levels and salinity. The proposed exploitation regime of 102 wells each pumping 1000 m3/day was simulated for a 100-year test period. The maximum resulting drawdown was about 25 m, compatible with the advocated sustainable restriction limit. Climate change (CC) impacts of reducing the lake’s storage and increasing the crops’ water requirements were investigated. The lake’s water level fluctuations were a key factor in the aquifer hydraulics and flow direction. The drawdown breakthrough considering the CC catastrophic scenario (RCP8.5) has increased by about 20%. The developed solute transport model was utilized to simulate the salinity spatial distribution and the lateral movement of leaking pollutants from the underway activities. Cultivation activities were found feasible up to 80 km away from the lake border where salinity does not exceed 2000 ppm. Yet, a protection strip of not less than 4.8, 6.0, and 7.2 km according to the lake operating condition is inevitable to ensure that pollutants do not intrude into the lake. These findings will assist the decision-makers in scheming environmental impact assessment criteria for sustainable development.

Upholstery fabrics are one of the important types of fabrics that the textile industry produces, and they generally enjoy a great deal of accuracy and care due to the quality of performance and appearance that is commensurate with their use and Those working in the field of textiles agreed on the importance of the properties of tensile strength, friction resistance, dirt resistance, and dust attraction for upholstery fabrics at a sufficient and appropriate rate to face and bear the stresses they are exposed to during use . Furniture is not the main factor influencing filling the spaces inside the room and changing its dimensions, but the fabrics help in achieving this function as wall coverings, floor coverings, and upholstery fabrics and It must be distinguished by its effective colors, and the fabric is the one that can do it better and at the lowest cost than any other materials. Statement of the problem : The research problem is the lack of connection between furniture models, decorative units and the colors of upholstery fabrics in general. Lack of studies linking furniture models and some bedding fabrics that are appropriate for these models. The rapid development in textile technology with the stability of furniture models available in the local market for a long period of time led to the aesthetic deformation of the products. Objectives : Creating textile designs that fit the furniture models used in the local market and keep pace with the developments in textiles. Significances: Creating contemporary textile designs that are compatible with furniture styles and the evolution of textiles. Contribute to providing a practical and academic study of the link between furniture models and fabrics for upholstery. Take advantage of the development of textile programs to develop what suits furniture models. Methodology: The research follows the analytical empirical method. Conclusions : Creating designs that match classic furniture models and implementing them, which led to achieving the aesthetic appearance of the final product. According to the consumer audience questionnaire, the percentage of customers' approval of the executed samples increased.

The manufacture of knitted fabrics has developed in the world a great development, especially in recent years until it has become a competition for woven fabrics on a large scale, and knitted fabrics have spread rapidly in the modern era in various fields not only in the field of traditional clothing, but also into industrial uses and furnishings Household, sports, medical, and other uses as a result of the many properties and features of these fabrics. By studying the factors that lead to the prosperity of this industry, it becomes clear that they are many factors, the most important of which is the use of synthetic fibers, and the development of the properties of natural yarns, with the consumer accepting knitting products of all kinds on the basis that they are in line with fashion and give comfort in terms of flexibility and good suitability for final use along with cheap prices for low production costs. Methods of inspection and monitoring of defects in most of the knitting factories Objectives: To raise the level of the quality of our products and reducing cost by applying modern technological methods and systems to control the quality of products during operation by using specialized computer programs. Importance of the study is due to the control of all production variables and the settings of the circular knitting machine during operation with the development of machines to control machines to raise their efficiency and accuracy and the use of computer applications to detect defects with high accuracy and treatment during operation, which leads to a stable, non-fluctuating performance and achieves the required quality level while reducing cost . Results: A monitoring system was designed through cameras installed on circular weft knitting machines during operation and by using specialized computer programs we were able to discover defects and examine and classify them during operation, which led to a stable, non-fluctuating performance that achieved the required quality level while reducing cost. This study has managed to develop the control devices on the circular knitting machine during operation to raise its efficiency and accuracy and the use of computer applications to ensure high quality production while improving the quality of fabrics produced on the circular knitting machines while reducing the cost to be able to compete in the markets.

The globalization of competition, the complexity of the economy and the plethora of information available today place companiesin a more than shifting context with which they must cope. Accelerating change becomes a constant feature of business life. Companies need methodological help to process a lot of information, In today's competitive world, customers are demandingbetter quality products with fast and reliable deliveries. To meet this demand, new manufacturing technologies are developingrapidly, resulting in new products and improvements in manufacturing processes.Today’s challenging world demands minimum loss and waste from industries. Moreover, it has to ensure the required quantityand quality with customer delivery lead time. A Circular weft knitting machine contains different parts such as needles, cams,sinkers, Fabric takedown mechanism, creel, a yarn metering and storage device, yarn breakage indicator, feeders and lubricationsystem. All those machine parts are responsible to increase or decrease the productivity of weft knit fabric production as well asthe fabric quality. The Circular weft Knitting Machine has to stop when defects occurred and then faults are corrected, whichresults in a loss in time and efficiency in order to be ready to meet customer requirements; the goal is to quickly provide productsthat combine quality and competitive price. In this sense, effective monitoring is required to avoid defects and maintain highproductivity and customer required quality. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze weft knitted fabric defects onthe weft circular knitting machine of knitting industries.This paper describes a computer vision-based fabric inspection system implemented on a weft circular knitting machine to detectdefection and classification of the weft-knitted fabric defects under construction. We using Gabor Wavelets that have been successfully applied to various machine vision applications such as Texture segmentation, Edge detection, and Boundary detection, a multi-scale and multi orientation Gabor filter scheme simulates the human eye and that’s applied to the weft-knittedfabric under construction. On-line weft knitted fabric defect detection was tested automatically by analyzing fabric imagescaptured by a digital camera using Gabor wavelets and classification (Identification) these fabric defects to known classes. Wesucceeded to detect weft knitted fabric defects and classify defect’s on the weft circular knitting machine at the same time themachine stops to correct the fabric defect to achieve customer required quantity and quality. As well as we cancel the fabricinspection process that means, saving money, time, manpower which leads to reducing production lead time and cost.

Background and Objectives: Stress can disrupt homeostasic balance within the organisms. Chronic stress can have damaging effects on the whole organism. The present study aimed to throw more light on themolecular,immunological and histological alterations in adult albino rat’s testis subjected to chronic stress and to demonstrate whether the potential chronic stress‑induced testicular alterations could be ameliorated by astaxanthin or not.Materials and Methods: Forty healthy adult male albino rats were used in this study, they were assigned as 3 main groups: Group I (Control group) which are subdivided into two equal groups, Group II (stress group) rats were restrained for 1 h and after 4 hs they are forced to swim for 15 minutes every day for 6 months, and Group III (protective group) rats were subjected to stressors as previous group in concomitant with daily administration of astaxanthin (25mg/kg b.w.) dissolved in 1ml normal saline in a single daily doseorally in a single daily dose. Blood samples and testicular tissues were collected and assayed for histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical changes.Results: The results of the present study demon‌strated thatthere were degenerative changes in spermatogenic and Sertoli cells of stress group and were associated with statistical significant reduction in height of germinal epithelium, Ki-67 and vimentinimmunoexpression.These changes were observed to be reduced in astaxanthin protected group.Also,there was a decrease in serum testosterone levels in stress group, which were normalized after astaxanthin administration. Also, stress significantly increased the serum levels of malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of total antioxidant capacity TAC.Conclusions: This study concluded that astaxanthin has beneficial protective effects against the deleterious effects of chronic stress on the testis. Therefore, it may be a suitable nutrional supplement in alleviating some negative aspects of chronic stress effects on testis.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a brain medical disorder characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a loss of its neurologic function. Cerebrolysin is a mixture of neuropeptides and free amino acids. Aim of the work: This study aimed to evaluate the role of cerebrolysin in ameliorating the histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical harm in post ischemic stroke and also to assess its dose dependent effect.Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control, ischemic and post ischemic treated groups. After dissecting hippocampal dentate gyrus prepared sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Erβ and calretinin proteins. Oxidative stress parameters, TNF α, and HSP-70 assay. Also, Gh receptor gene expression and DNA fragmentation test were measured. Immunoperoxidase reactions for GFAPin astrocyte was estimated. Statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Ischemia group showed decrease number of granule cells with small dark stained nuclei, areas of cell loss and numerous spindle shaped cells in the sub-granular zone. A faint positive immunoreaction for ERβ in nuclei of granular cells and negative reaction for calretinin was detected in granule cells. Antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissue as MDA,TNF α and HSP-70 were significantly elevated in ischemic group compared to control and post ischemic treated groups. Gh receptor gene were decreased, while Fragmentation index of DNA was significantly increased. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg cerebrolysinshowed partial improvement, whereas, 5 mg/kg dose displayed more ameliorative effects. Increased GFAP immune-expression in the cytoplasm of astrocytes in ischemic group compared to control and post ischemic treated groups. Conclusion: Cerebrolysin was effective in experimentally induced AIS (Acute ischemic stroke) in a dose-dependent manner as proved by improving the histological structure, immunohistochemical reactions and biochemical parameters of the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in adult male albino rats.

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are one of metal nanoparticles that have widespread use in many fields.Objective: To investigate the effect of ZnONPs on cerebellar cortex of rats through histological and immunohistochemical study.Materials and methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups; group I (control), Group II (ZnONP-1 treated group) which received orally 50 mg/kg of ZnONP for two months and Group III (ZnONP-1I treated group) which received orally 200 mg/kg of ZnONP for two months. Specimens of the cerebellar cortex were processed for histological and immunohistochemical study. Morphometric and statistical analysis were carried out.Results: Group II showed Purkinje cells were crowded in many layers surrounded by perineuronal vacuoles and had pyknotic nuclei. They had cytoplasmic vacuoles and perinuclear Golgi apparatus revealed fragmented dilated cisternae. Nearby Bergmann astrocyte cells had highly vacuolated cytoplasm and the nerve fibers were also affected and showed dysmyleination (disrupted myelin sheath). Immunohistochemical study of the same group showed Purkinje cell cytoplasm had positive immunoreactions for calretinin proteins. In group III, there was a wide spread of neuronal affection to the degree of loss of many of Purkinje cells leaving empty spaces. Ultrastructurly, their cytoplasm appeared with multiple variable sized and had dilated mitochondria with disrupted cristae. The Bergmann astrocytes revealed nuclei with disrupted nuclear envelope and nearly absence their cytoplasmic organelle and there was more affection to the nerve fibers in the form of vacuolated axoplasm and demyelination (areas of myelin loss) beside dysmyleination. Immunohistochemical study of group III showed Purkinje cells cytoplasm with negative immunoreactions for calretinin proteins.Conclusion: Intake of ZnONPs induced various adverse alterations in the histological and immunohistochemical structures of cerebellar cortex indicating the occurrence of neurotoxicity. These changes were exaggerated with increasing the dose of their intake.

Aims STW 5 is an herbal drug combination used for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with visceral hypersensitivity as the therapy-resistant hallmark. STW 5 has been clinically proven to alleviate visceral hypersensitivity-related symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and early satiety. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive action of STW 5 remain unknown. Here, we investigate the role of STW 5 in the calcium mobilisation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. Main methods Calcium imaging experiments were performed with freshly dissociated cultured murine DRG neurons isolated from mice by microfluorometry. TRPA1-deficient DRGs, TRPV1-deficient DRGs, TRPA1/V1 double-deficient DRGs, and wild-type DRGs have been used to investigate the role of TRPs ion channels in mediating STW 5 action. Key findings STW 5 (1.74 and 5.8 mg/ml) induced calcium ion influx into DRG neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Calcium transients were desensitised during repeated exposure to STW 5, an effect that was facilitated in TRPA1-deficient DRGs and less pronounced in TRPV1-deficient DRGs compared to wild-type (WT) DRGs. Significance Repeated exposure to STW 5 induced desensitisation of sensory neurons and may ultimately contribute to its proven clinical efficacy against sensory-related symptoms in patients with FGID, including abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and early satiety. This effect is modulated by the two prominent irritant sensors in nociceptors, TRPA1 and TRPV1.

Objective: The aim has been to reach to the best way to produce fabrics on flat weft knitted machine to reach the best specifications that achieve the required aesthetic properties. Methodology: The use of jacquard as one of the executive methods of weft knitted fabrics used in outerwear fabrics and the experimental study of change in structures, it is determined that it affects the efficiency and characteristics of the aesthetic performance of the fabrics produced as women's outerwear. Therefore, the local product for weft knitted jacquard fabrics can be developed and treating the common and apparent defects in products. The fabrics of the research were produced using the different executive methods: (Jersey - Rip 1 x 1 in width 1 fiber, Rip 1 x 1 in length 2 fiber)A gauge (12) flat jacquard weft knitting machine has been used with an acrylic fiber material no 40/2 . After carrying out the fabric samples and doing some questionnaires to compare the three models. Conclusion: It has been concluded that The use of different structural structures of jacquard weave led to achieve the aesthetic properties of the product. And according to a Consumer Survey carried out, the customer approval rate for the product is increased after the product is available in the local market, thus increasing the percentage of marketing to satisfy the customer In addition, it was found that using structure (Derby 1 * 1 in one string width) achieved the best results in the survey of the specialized academics.

Herbal combination preparations are widely used in traditional herbal medicine and are even established as modern evidence-based herbal medicinal products. The rationale behind such combinations is often questioned and assessing the contribution of each of the combination partners to overall activity is challenging. STW 5 (Iberogast) is such a combination with confirmed clinical efficacy in functional gastrointestinal disorders. It consists of nine plant extracts responsible for its multitarget function in these multifactorial diseases with their heterogeneous and overlapping pathomechanisms. This makes the combination an ideal candidate for the use of the newly described method of stepwise cluster analysis, a standardized procedure to transfer heterogeneous pharmacological data, from different models, into effect size categories. This allows for a stepwise cluster formation starting from the level of single tests up to the level of different pathomechanisms involved in the development of a certain disease, in this case functional dyspepsia subtypes and irritable bowel syndrome. In the current article, an overview on the pharmacological data on STW 5 and its single components is provided. The data are further analyzed using stepwise cluster formation, resulting in a summary of the different modes of action of STW 5 along with an evaluation of the contribution of the single constituents to the overall multitarget effects of the herbal combination preparation.

Summary The prokinetic cisapride, an important therapeutic option in functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, was withdrawn from the market 15 years ago due to rare severe side effects. Likewise in 2014, the use of metoclopramide (MCP) and domperidone in functional GI disorders (FGID) was restricted, consequently leaving a therapeutic gap in clinical practice. A systematic review revealed that the herbal medicinal product (HMP) STW 5 presents a therapeutic option equivalent to MCP and cisapride. STW 5 is the only HMP for which efficacy has been shown in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, based on its multitarget effect on numerous etiological factors. Due to an outstanding favorable safety profile, STW 5 allows an effective and safe use in FGID without a limitation of the duration of the treatment.

Objectives The major aim of this study was to get a detailed understanding of the exposure and fate of hypericin in the Caco-2 cell system when combined with various flavonoids, mixtures of flavonoids or Hypericum perforatum extract matrix (STW3-VI). Methods The permeation characteristics of hypericin in the absence or presence of quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside and rutin were tested. Hypericin (5 μm) was mixed with single flavonoids (20 μm) or with different flavonoid combinations (each flavonoid 4 or 10 μm, total flavonoid concentration: 20 μm). Further, the uptake of hypericin (5 μm) in the presence of H. perforatum extract matrix (7.25, 29 and 58 μg/ml) was studied. Key findings Following application of hypericin to the apical side of the monolayer, only negligible amounts of the compound were found in the basolateral compartment. From all tested flavonoids, only quercitrin increased the basolateral amount of hypericin. Dual flavonoid combinations were not superior compared to the single combinations. The amount of hypericin in the basolateral compartment increased concentration-dependently in the presence of extract matrix (from 0 to 7.5%). Conclusion Comparing the effects of various flavonoid mixtures vs the extract matrix, it can be concluded that, besides flavonoids, the extract seems to contain further compounds (e.g. phenolic acids or proanthocyanidins) which substantially improve the permeation characteristics of hypericin.

Extract RE was obtained from the roots of Althaea officinalis in a yield of 8.1%, related to the dried plant material, by extraction with MeOH–H2O (1:1), followed by precipitation with EtOH to remove high molecular weight constituents. Phytochemical investigation of RE revealed the presence of N-phenylpropenoyl-l-amino acid amides 1–5, 8% glycine betaine 6, about 9% total amino acids with proline as the main compound, and about 61% mono- and oligomeric carbohydrates with sucrose as the main compound. Further fractionation revealed the presence of a hypolaetin diglycoside (12) and four hypolaetin glycosides (7–9 and 11) with O-sulfocarbohydrate moieties; additionally, 4′-O-methylisoscutellarein-8-O-β-d-(3″-O-sulfo)glucuronopyranoside (10) and the diglycosylated coumarin haploperoside D (13) were identified. The hypolaetin-O-sulfoglycosides 7–10 are new natural products. RE inhibited the enzymatic activity of surface-displayed human hyaluronidase-1 on Escherichia coli F470 cells with an IC50 of 7.7 mg/mL. R...

Introduction: Since ancient times Hypericum perforatum L. named St. John's wort (SJW), has been used in the management of a wide range of applications, including nervous disorders. Development of mood disorders are due to alterations in glutamate metabolism, initiation of inflammatory pathways, and changes of the neuronal plasticity. Previous studies suggest that the glutamatergic system contributes to the pathophysiology of depression. Extracts of SJW have been recommended for the treatment of depression. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the action of STW3-VI, a special SJW extract in differentiated mouse hippocampal HT-22 neurons. We evaluated the stimulation of neurogenesis, the protective effect against glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor induced-excitotoxicity and its anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-activated human macrophages. Results: After 48 h treatment, STW3-VI stimulated the neurite formation by 25% in comparison with the control and showed protective effects against glutamate- or NMDA-induced cytotoxicity by significantly increasing the viability about +25 or +50%. In conjunction with these effects, after pretreatment with STW3-VI, the intracellular reduced glutathione content was significantly 2.3-fold increased compared with the neurons incubated with glutamate alone. Additionally, pre-treatment of human macrophages with STW3-VI showed anti-inflammatory effects after 24 or 48 h concerning inhibition of LPS-induced TNF release by -47.3 and -53.8% (24 h) or -25.0 to -64.8% (48 h). Conclusions: Our data provide new evidence that STW3-VI protects hippocampal cells from NMDA- or glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, our results indicate a morphological remodeling by increasing neurite outgrowth and activation of the anti-inflammatory defense by inhibition of the cytokine production in human macrophages after STW3-VI treatment. These protective, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive disorders.

Earlier studies showed that the compatible solute ectoine (1) given prophylactically before induction of colitis by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats prevented histological changes induced in the colon and the associated rise in inflammatory mediators. This study was therefore conducted to investigate whether ectoine (1) and its 5α-hydroxy derivative (2) would also be effective in treating an already established condition. Two days after inducing colitis in rats by instilling TNBS/alcohol in the colon, animals were treated orally once daily for 1 week with either 1 or 2 (50, 100, 300 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the last drug administration rats were sacrificed. Ulcerative lesions and colon mass indices were reduced by 1 and 2 in a bell-shaped manner. Best results were obtained with 100 mg/kg ectoine (1) and 50 mg/kg 5α-hydroxyectoine (2). The solutes normalized the rise in myeloperoxidase, TNFα, and IL-1β induced by TNBS but did not affect levels of reduced glutathione or ICAM-1, while reducing the level of fecal calprotectin, an established marker for inflammatory bowel disease. The findings indicate that the naturally occurring compatible solutes ectoine (1) and 5α-hydroxyectoine (2) possess an optimum concentration that affords maximal intestinal barrier stabilization and could therefore prove useful for better management of human inflammatory bowel disease.

Hypericin is a natural polycyclic quinone found in Hypericum perforatum. Although hypericin reportedly has numerous pharmacological activities, only a limited number of studies have been performed on the absorption and transport characteristics of this compound, presumably because hypericin is a highly lipophilic compound that is poorly soluble in a physiological medium. The major aim of this study was to get a detailed understanding of the exposure and fate of hypericin in the Caco-2 cell system under different experimental conditions. The permeation characteristics of hypericin (5 µM) in the absence or presence of the model flavonoid quercitrin (20 µM) were studied in the absorptive direction, without or with the addition of 10 % FBS to the transport buffer apically. Following the application of hypericin to the apical side of the monolayer, only negligible amounts of the compound were found in the basolateral compartment when the experiment was performed with a transport buffer. The amount of hypericin in the basolateral compartment increased in the presence of quercitrin (from 0 to 4 %). The majority of hypericin was found after cell extraction (44 % in the absence and 64 % in the presence of quercitrin). When 10 % FBS was added to the transport buffer in the apical compartment to improve the solubility of hypericin in the aqueous solution, around 68 % of hypericin was bound to the serum proteins. Under these experimental conditions, the amount of hypericin in the cells/cell membrane was only 13 % in the absence and 18 % in the presence of quercitrin. The low recovery and significant amounts of hypericin found after cell extraction and bound to the surface of the culture dish made a correct estimation of permeability constants impossible. Fluorescence microscopy and imaging analysis revealed that hypericin is mainly accumulated in the cell membrane. The precise mechanism through which hypericin might overcome the hydrophobic barrier of cell membranes remains to be elucidated. However, our experiments demonstrated that regardless of the experimental conditions, the permeation characteristics of hypericin improved in the presence of the model flavonoid quercitrin.

Background Many screening procedures for agents with potential usefulness in functional dyspepsia (FD) rely on animals exposed to stress early in life (neonatal maternal separation, NMS) or in adulthood (restraint stress, RS). Purpose Since many clinical cases of FD have been associated with stress in early life followed by stress in adulthood, a sequential model simulating the clinical situation is described. To explore the validity of the model, the efficacy of STW5, a multicomponent herbal preparation of proven usefulness in FD, was tested. Study design/methods A sequential stress model established where rats are exposed to NMS after birth followed later by RS in adulthood. Stress hormones and ghrelin were measured in plasma, while responsiveness of stomach fundus strips to smooth muscle stimulants and relaxants was assessed ex-vivo . The effectiveness of treatment with STW5 a few days before and during exposure to RS in preventing changes induced by the stress model is reported and compared to its efficacy when used in animals subjected to RS alone. Results Responses to both stimulants and relaxants were reduced to various extents in the studied models, but treatment with STW5 tended to normalize gastric responsiveness. Plasma levels of ghrelin, corticosterone releasing factor, and corticosterone were raised by RS as well as the sequential model. Treatment with STW5 tended to prevent the deranged parameters. Conclusion The sequential stress model has a place in drug screening for potential usefulness in FD as it simulates more the clinical setting. Furthermore, the findings shed more light on the mechanisms of action of STW5 in FD.

For decades, natural products represented a significant source of diverse and unique bioactive lead compounds in drug discovery field. In Clinical oncology, complete tumors remission is hampered by the development of drug-resistance. Therefore, development of cytotoxic agents that may overcome drug resistance is urgently needed. Here, the natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine has been studied for its cytotoxic activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. We investigated the role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters BCRP/ABCG2, P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and its close relative ABCB5 in drug resistance. Further drug resistance mechanisms analyzed in this study were the tumor suppressor TP53 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Multidrug resistant cells overexpressing BCRP, ABCB5 and mutated ΔEGFR were not cross-resistant toward sanguinarine. Interestingly, P-gp overexpressing cells were hypersensitive to sanguinarine. Doxorubicin uptake assay carried by flow cytometry revealed that sanguinarine is a potent inhibitor of the P-gp transporter. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis proved that P-gp was downregulated in a dose dependent manner after treating P-gp overexpressing cells with sanguinarine. It was surmised that The inhibition of NFκB activity might explain the collateral sensitivity in CEM/ADR5000 cells. The COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses of transcriptome-wide expression profiles of tumor cell lines of the National Cancer Institute identified genes involved in various cellular processes (immune response, inflammation signaling, cell migration and microtubule formation) significantly correlated with log10IC50 values for sanguinarine. In conclusion, sanguinarine may have therapeutic potential for treating multidrug resistant tumors.