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The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) is considered one of the most serious pests all over the world and attacked about 1200 species of plants. It causes damage to vegetables, beans, peas, hops, grapes, deciduous fruit trees and many other fruit and flowers. Also, it prefers some genotypes of a plant to other genotypes of the same plant. This study is concerned mainly with evaluating the less favorite eggplant genotype to T. urticae and the best type for agriculture and find out the possible reason behind this preference. The longest life cycle was recorded for Rima F1 that was11.20 days and the shortest was 8.93 days for Rondona F1. Also, Rima F1 had the longest generation of 12.37 days and Rondona F1 had the shortest generation 10.37 days. The fecundity of females feed on leaves of Rondona F1 was the highest at 101.14 eggs/ female. So the results proved that Rima F1 was less affected by T. urticae. The possible reason for this preference is that Rima F1 had the highest percentage of potassium in their leaves that provides a mechanical resistance against piercing-sucking pests including T. urticae.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests responsible for yielding losses for many crops. For several years, chemical control of mites has been extensively practiced; a major problem in the control of T. urticae is the response to develop resistance to many acaricides, and so, scientists make efforts to replace the chemical acaricides with natural acaricides, as a mean to reduce negative impacts to human health and the environment. In the search for control alternatives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of neem essential oil and the aqueous neem extract against adult females of Tetranychus urticae under laboratory conditions. Also, LC50 of each treatment was established and the obtained results revealed that the active essential oil of neem was more effective than the aqueous neem extract. LC50: 33.99 ppm and 260.30 ppm for neem oil and aqueous extract respectively. However, LC90 value was 238.83 ppm and 1813.70ppm for neem oil and aqueous extract, respectively.

Toxicity of nano chitosan and fabcomic acaricide were studied under laboratory conditions against adults of spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Also, LC50 and LC90 of each treatment were determined. The obtained results revealed that fabcomic acaricide was more effective in controlling T. urticae than nano chitosan but it caused pollution for all living organisms as well as to the environment while nano chitosan was more save for both, humans and plants. LC50 for fabcomic acaricide and nano chitosan was 0.1 and 801.04 ppm, respectively. However, LC90 was 1.66 and 5746.09ppm for fabcomic acaricide and nano chitosan, respectively.

The biological aspects and life table parameters of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch were studied under laboratory conditions on two kinds of host plants, tomato leaves and cucumber leaves. The study showed that the incubation period, the total immature stages, life cycle and generation of T. urticae on tomato leaves were higher than them on cucumber leaves. The life cycle was 13.58 and 9.52 days on tomato leaves and cucumber leaves, respectively. The generation period was 15.91 and 11.19 days on tomato leaves and cucumber leaves, respectively. On the other hand, longevity and life span of T. urticae were higher on cucumber than on tomato. Longevity was 15.33 and 19.97 days on tomato leaves and cucumber leaves, respectively. The life span was 28.91 and 29.49 days on tomato leaves and cucumber leaves, respectively. Also, the daily main number of laid eggs was higher on cucumber, 5.36, than on tomato, 4.71. Also, the results demonstrated that the population of T. urticae had the ability to multiply about 1.91 and 2.53 on tomato and cucumber leaves, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of changes in enzymes activity during distribution of imidaclopride (IMI) in Male Albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) after 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr., treatment with a single oral dose (20 mg/kg body weight). The results showed significant gradual increase in liver and kidney function parameters coincided with accumulation of imidacloprid with varying quantities according to each organ, then gradually decreased to the end of study. The highest activity in liver enzymes, ALT (97.33 U/L), AST (78 U/L) ALP (169.66 IU/L) and LDH (5190.67 U/L) was recorded six hours post treatment, as well as increasing in total protein (8.94 g/dl). Kidney function parameters, i.e. urea, creatinine and uric acid levels (75.67, 2.283, 19.15 mg/dl, respectively) were also revealed the highest increase comparing with control. Liver and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was reached the lowest level with the inhibition percent 82.9, 81.4%, respectively at the same time agreed with the concentration peak of IMI in blood (8.04 µg/ml) liver (2.42 µg/g) and brain (4.06 µg/g).The trend of maximal concentration of IMI in different organs and body fluids at six hours post dosing was in the following order: urine > blood > lungs > brain > testes > spleen > kidney > liver > muscles.

Carpoglyphus lactis (Linne.) was extracted from stored grains; wheat, maize and rice; samples were collected from granary stores of Dakhlyia Governorate. In this study experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at 25±1oC and 65±5 R.H. to study the effect of dry yeast granules, crushed wheat, crushed rice as a kind of food on biological aspects, fecundity and life table parameters, of the grain mite, C. lactis . The obtained data showed that the ability of mite C. lactis to feed and develop on the above mentioned diets as a sole food sources. The average of total immature stages lasted (13.4 &11.6), (16.5 &15.1) and (20.0 &18.6) days for female and male reared on the same diets, respectively. Female longevity durated 15.1, 18.5 and 19.5 days, while male adulthood averaged 19.3, 24.8 and 25.8 days, when mite fed on the above mentioned diets. Female oviposition period stayed 11.3, 12.9 and 13.6 days and the average number of deposited eggs/female was136.8, 113.9 and 70.5 eggs with a daily mean 12.1, 8.8 and 5.2 eggs on the same tested diets. The life table parameters of C. lactis were affected by different types of food whereas, the mean generation (T) was 20.7, 22.8 and 28.8, while the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) values were 0.39, 0.32 and 0.24 when mite fed on the same tested diets at the same pattern.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) has received special attention all over the world because of the great nutritive and oil values of its seeds. The spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch considered one of the main pests, which threatens the soybean crop yield. Three field experiments were conducted during the season, 2017 at Kafriklaa, El-Santta district, Gharbia Governorate, to evaluate some environmentally safe materials; some plant extracts and the efficiency of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (A.-H.) in controlling the two spotted spider mite, T. urticae infesting soybean. Obtained results showed that mixture of Vertimec + Super-Misrona oil exhibited the highest reduction (94.4%) followed by Vertimec + Micro-elements (92.2%), Vertimec alone (88.55%), Super-Misrona oil + Micro-elements (78.2%), Super-Misrona alone (75.4%) and Liquid-Sulphur (70.8%). The efficacy of the three plant extracts could be arranged in a descending order as follows: 68.7, 62.7 and 57.2% for Oshar (Calotropis procera Ait), Black shadenight (Solanium nigrium L.) Unrip- fruit and Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) extracts. The third trail was releasing the predatory mite, P. persimilis with rate of 15-20 mites/hill during seedling stage of soybean plants and the level infestation 3-5 mites/plant. The population of spider mites reduces 71.5% after 8 weeks of releasing and the level of infestation had become under threshold for the end of season.

Among microbial enzymes, chitinases received increased attentions due to their wide applications especially in agriculture sector for biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens. The growing interest in chitinases with thermostability nature, forced many researchers to isolate and characterize novel chitinase producing-bacteriafrom extreme environments. The present study describe characterization of thermostable chitinase produced by thermophilic soil-isolated bacterial strain NBR10 from Rafha governorate, Saudi Arabia. Chitinase producing NBR10 strain was identified as Paenibacillus sp. according to the traditional methods of morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics coupling with sequencing of 16S rRNA (GenBank accession number KT957624.1). The isolated strain was found to have a potent antifungal against three of the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria burnsii and Rhizoctonia solani with percent of growth inhibition 52.5 75.0 and 85.71%, respectively. Chitinase obtained from Paenibacillus sp. NBR10 showed activity at ranges of temperature (30–90°C) and pH (4–9), showing optimum activity at 55°C and pH 7.0, respectively. Also, it exhibited high thermostability at higher temperatures, where 90% of its activity is retained at 65°C for 36h. The promising chitinolytic and antifungal activity of locally isolated Paenibacillus sp. NBR10, candidate this strain to be used as a potential biological control agent.

Exposure to carbon tetrachloride induces acute and chronic hepatic injuries as well as renal injuries in rats. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of prebiotic (digestion resistant maltodextrin) and silymarin against carbon tetrachloride -induced heptorenal toxicity in albino rats. Six groups with ten rats each were used for this purpose; these groups included the control vehicle group that received saline daily for 30 days, prebiotic group (1g/kg, orally) daily for 30 days; silymarin group (200 mg/kg orally) daily for 30 days; carbon tetrachloride group (2.5ml/kg intraperitoneally twice per week for three week; the prebiotic – carbon tetrachloride group; the silymarin – carbon tetrachloride group. The results revealed that carbon tetrachloride significantly increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine. In addition, there were substantial increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and level of glucose with significant decreases in albumin, total protein, creatinine kinase, hemoglobin and red blood cells. Carbon tetrachloride also caused histological changes in liver and kidney tissues. However, administration of prebiotic and silymarin alone ameliorated the carbon tetrachloride induced liver and kidney damage with improved hematological, lipid profile and glucose level.

The research shed lights on analysis the parameters of ergonomics relevant to the attributes of [cognitive, Engineering and technology] whichcontribute on improving the RMGI working system through fitting the integration between human/labor characteristics with his task, tools /machine and the industrial RMG environment. Research methodology depends on analyzing the parameters of ergonomics relevant to the identification challenges of RMGI. So, our paper is going to highlight the substantial related searches to ergonomics and one of its applications in the field of RMGI. Thus, the recent increase in research activity in this area and the positive results encourage the future development of such ergonomics intervention programs in the RMGI. The conclusions highlight the need to carry out intervention programs with its respect to ergonomics parameters to achieve optimization of work systems. The profession’s goals are related to "humanization the RMGI, thus building ergonomics awareness is certainly the first phase of the ergonomic process". Keby Words:Apparel Manufacture, Ergonomic Practices, Norms of Clothing Industry and Ergonomics Solutions.

Two stability indicating chromatographic methods were proposed for the determination of almotriptan, eletriptan, and rizatriptan, in presence of their acid degradation products. The first method is a quantitative densitometric thin layer chromatography. The developing systems were; acetonitrile: methanol: dichloromethane: ammonia (10:6:3:1 v/v), ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (15:4:1 v/v), and methanol: acetonitrile: ammonia (9:4:1 v/v) for almotriptan, eletriptan and rizatriptan respectively. The TLC plates were scanned at 235 nm. Linear relationships were obtained over concentration ranges (5-50 μg/spot) for almotriptan and rizatriptan, and (5-60 μg/spot) for eletriptan. The second method based on the separation and determination of the studied drugs, using RP-HPLC technique. The separation was achieved on C18 Hypersil column, elution was carried out using phosphate buffer pH 3: methanol: acetonitrile (2: 1:1 v/v) at flow rate 2 mL/min and UV detection at 235 nm. Linear relationships were obtained over concentration ranges (10-200 μg/mL) for almotriptan and eletriptan, and (10-180 μg/mL) for rizatriptan. The chromatographic methods were successfully applied for the determination of each of the studied drugs in pure form, tablet form, and in laboratory prepared mixtures with their acid degradation products.