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1. Male secondary sexu al characters in Aphnaeinae wings (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Author

Bálint, Zsolt, Heath, Alan, Katona, Gergely, Kertész, Krisztián, and Sáfián, Szabolcs

Subjects
Androconia, hair tuft, classifi cation, Palaeotropics, scaling, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Male secondary sexual characters have been discovered on the hindwing verso of genera Aphnaeus Hübner, [1819], Cigaritis Donzel, 1847, Lipaphnaeus Aurivillius, 1916 and Pseudaletis Druce, 1888 representing the Palaeotropical subfamily Aphnaeinae Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera). Relevant wing parts are illustrated, described, and some observations on the organs are briefly annotated. With an appendix and 14 figures.

Published
2017
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2. Global transportation: Then and now

Author

Heath, Alan

Subjects
TRANSPORTATION COMMAND, COMPUTERS - Transportation Applications, LOGISTICS - Armed Forces - United States, COMPUTER NETWORKS
Abstract

illus

Published
2002

5. The story of my observatory.

Author

Heath, Alan W.

Subjects
*HAZARDOUS substances, *STOLEN goods, *TELEPHONE numbers, *SUN observations, *DUST storms
Published
2024

7. Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) – Part III: An integrative taxonomic revision

Author

Heath, Alan

Subjects
sympatry, Cytochrome C Oxidase I, introgression, iridescence, hilltopping, male patrolling terrain, Crematogaster
Abstract

A taxonomic revision of Chrysoritis butterflies based on morphological, ecological and distributional data cross validated with molecular phylogenetic analyses by Quek et al. (2022) is presented. The number of Chrysoritis species is raised from 43 to 49, of which 37 (previously 28) are in the thysbe clade. The taxonomic changes are summarised as follows: Synonymised and reduced to subspecific status: C. chrysaor natalensis stat. nov. (van Son); C. lyncurium lycegenes stat. nov. (Trimen 1874) and C. chrysaor midas stat. nov. (Pennington). Reassigned subspecies: C. zwartbergae rubrescens stat. nov. Heath & Pringle. Elevated to specific status: C. whitei stat. rev. (Dickson); C. wykehami stat. rev. (Dickson); C. mithras stat. rev. (Pringle); C. aridimontis stat. nov. Heath & Pringle; C. amatola stat. nov. (Dickson & McMaster), C. stepheni stat. rev. (Dickson); C. williami stat. rev. Heath and C. lysander stat. rev. (Pennington) from the Kamiesberg area; C. zwartbergae stat. nov (Dickson). The former C. thysbe subspecies osbecki reverts to form, f. osbecki stat. rev. The binomial name pan lysander is no longer in use, being superseded by the above changes. An updated list of larval host plants and host ants for Chrysoritis is provided, as well as the conservation status of each species.

Published
2023
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11. A collaborative study to establish the 1st WHO International Standard for human cytomegalovirus for nucleic acid amplification technology

Author

Kessler, Harald, Rawlinson, William, Boivin, Guy, Preiksaitis, Jutta, Pang, Xiao-Li, Barranger, Côme, Alain, Sophie, Bressollette-Bodin, Céline, Hamprecht, Klaus, Grewing, Thomas, Constantoulakis, Pantelis, Ghisetti, Valeria, Capobianchi, Maria R., Abbate, Isabella, Olivo, Cristina, Lazzarotto, Tiziana, Baldanti, Fausto, Inoue, Naoki, Müller, Fredrik, Corcoran, Craig, Hardie, Diana, Prieto, Jacqueline, Schuurman, Rob, van Loon, Anton, Ho, Shiaolan, Hillyard, David, Hodinka, Richard, Louise Landry, Marie, Caliendo, Angela, Lurain, Nell, Sung, Lee, Gulley, Margaret, Atkinson, Claire, Bible, Jon, Guiver, Malcolm, Fryer, Jacqueline F., Heath, Alan B., and Minor, Philip D.

Published
2016
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13. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Author

Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Childers, Richard A. Rabideau, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martinez, Jose I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B. B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, Keith R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., Lohman, David J., Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Childers, Richard A. Rabideau, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martinez, Jose I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B. B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, Keith R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., and Lohman, David J.

Abstract

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.

Published
2023

14. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Author

Kawahara, Akito Y, Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S, Plotkin, David M, Condamine, Fabien L, Braga, Mariana P, Ellis, Emily A, St Laurent, Ryan A, Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B, Owens, Hannah L, Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A, Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel FA, Dexter, Kelly M, Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T, Benítez, Hugo A, Braby, Michael F, Buenavente, Perry AC, Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C, Rabideau Childers, Richard A, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F, Gott, Riley J, Hall, Jason PW, Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B, Sipe, Rachel L Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D, Homziak, Nicholas T, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael GA, Janzen, Daniel H, Kitching, I, Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J, Larsen, Elise A, Larsen, Torben B, Leong, Jing V, Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A, Martinez, Jose I, Martins, Dino J, Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C, Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana BB, Müller, Chris J, Naive, Mark Arcebal K, Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D, Willmott, Keith R, Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A, Breinholt, Jesse W, Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P, Pierce, Naomi E, Lohman, David J, Kawahara, Akito Y, Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S, Plotkin, David M, Condamine, Fabien L, Braga, Mariana P, Ellis, Emily A, St Laurent, Ryan A, Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B, Owens, Hannah L, Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A, Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel FA, Dexter, Kelly M, Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T, Benítez, Hugo A, Braby, Michael F, Buenavente, Perry AC, Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C, Rabideau Childers, Richard A, Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F, Gott, Riley J, Hall, Jason PW, Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B, Sipe, Rachel L Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D, Homziak, Nicholas T, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael GA, Janzen, Daniel H, Kitching, I, Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J, Larsen, Elise A, Larsen, Torben B, Leong, Jing V, Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A, Martinez, Jose I, Martins, Dino J, Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C, Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana BB, Müller, Chris J, Naive, Mark Arcebal K, Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D, Willmott, Keith R, Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, Marta A, Breinholt, Jesse W, Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P, Pierce, Naomi E, and Lohman, David J

Abstract

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.

Published
2023

15. Rapid radiation of ant parasitic butterflies during the Miocene aridification of Africa

Author

Research Council of Norway, German Research Foundation, Synthesys, Museum of Comparative Zoology (US), Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Baker, Christopher C. M., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., Pierce, Naomi E., Research Council of Norway, German Research Foundation, Synthesys, Museum of Comparative Zoology (US), Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Baker, Christopher C. M., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., and Pierce, Naomi E.

Abstract

Africa has undergone a progressive aridification during the last 20 My that presumably impacted organisms and fostered the evolution of life history adaptations. We test the hypothesis that shift to living in ant nests and feeding on ant brood by larvae of phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops butterflies was an adaptive response to the aridification of Africa that facilitated the subsequent radiation of butterflies in this genus. Using anchored hybrid enrichment we constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny for Lepidochrysops and its closest, non-parasitic relatives in the Euchrysops section (Poloyommatini). We estimated ancestral areas across the phylogeny with process-based biogeographical models and diversification rates relying on time-variable and clade-heterogeneous birth-death models. The Euchrysops section originated with the emerging Miombo woodlands about 22 million years ago (Mya) and spread to drier biomes as they became available in the late Miocene. The diversification of the non-parasitic lineages decreased as aridification intensified around 10 Mya, culminating in diversity decline. In contrast, the diversification of the phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops lineage proceeded rapidly from about 6.5 Mya when this unusual life history likely first evolved. The Miombo woodlands were the cradle for diversification of the Euchrysops section, and our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aridification during the Miocene selected for a phyto-predaceous life history in species of Lepidochrysops, with ant nests likely providing caterpillars a safe refuge from fire and a source of food when vegetation was scarce.

Published
2023

16. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Author

National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, Research Council of Norway, Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, European Research Council, Swedish Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Russian Science Foundation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Rabideau Childers, Richard A., Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martínez, José I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, K. R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, M.A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., Lohman, David J., National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, Research Council of Norway, Hintelmann Award for Zoological Systematics, European Research Council, Swedish Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Russian Science Foundation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Kawahara, Akito Y., Storer, Caroline, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Plotkin, David M., Condamine, Fabien L., Braga, Mariana P., Ellis, Emily A., St Laurent, Ryan A., Li, Xuankun, Barve, Vijay, Cai, Liming, Earl, Chandra, Frandsen, Paul B., Owens, Hannah L., Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Dexter, Kelly M., Doleck, Tenzing, Markee, Amanda, Messcher, Rebeccah, Nguyen, Y-Lan, Badon, Jade Aster T., Benítez, Hugo A., Braby, Michael F., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Chan, Wei-Ping, Collins, Steve C., Rabideau Childers, Richard A., Dankowicz, Even, Eastwood, Rod, Fric, Zdenek F., Gott, Riley J., Hall, Jason P. W., Hallwachs, Winnie, Hardy, Nate B., Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, Heath, Alan, Hinolan, Jomar D., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hsu, Yu-Feng, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Itliong, Micael G. A., Janzen, Daniel H., Kitching, Ian J., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Lamas, Gerardo, Landis, Michael J., Larsen, Elise A., Larsen, Torben B., Leong, Jing V., Lukhtanov, Vladimir, Maier, Crystal A., Martínez, José I., Martins, Dino J., Maruyama, Kiyoshi, Maunsell, Sarah C., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Monastyrskii, Alexander, Morais, Ana B., Müller, Chris J., Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Nielsen, Gregory, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saito, Motoki, Schröder, Stefan, Shirey, Vaughn, Soltis, Doug, Soltis, Pamela, Sourakov, Andrei, Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Vlasanek, Petr, Wang, Houshuai, Warren, Andrew D., Willmott, K. R., Yago, Masaya, Jetz, Walter, Jarzyna, M.A., Breinholt, Jesse W., Espeland, Marianne, Ries, Leslie, Guralnick, Robert P., Pierce, Naomi E., and Lohman, David J.

Abstract

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.

Published
2023

17. Dataset from: Rapid radiation of ant parasitic butterflies during the Miocene aridification of Africa

Author

Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Baker, Christopher C. M., Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., Pierce, Naomi E., Espeland, Marianne, Chazot, Nicolas, Condamine, Fabien L., Lemmon, Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon, Emily, Pringle, Ernest, Heath, Alan, Collins, Steve, Tiren, Wilson, Mutiso, Martha, Lees, David C., Fisher, Stewart, Murphy, Raymond, Woodhall, Stephen, Tropek, Robert, Baker, Christopher C. M., Ahlborn, Svenja S., Cockburn, Kevin, Dobson, Jeremy, Bouyer, Thierry, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., Talavera, Gerard, Vila, Roger, Gardiner, Alan J., Williams, Mark, Martins, Dino J., Sáfián, Szabolcs, Edge, David A., and Pierce, Naomi E.

Abstract

Africa has undergone a progressive aridification during the last 20 My that presumably impacted organisms and fostered the evolution of life history adaptations. We test the hypothesis that shift to living in ant nests and feeding on ant brood by larvae of phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops butterflies was an adaptive response to the aridification of Africa that facilitated the subsequent radiation of butterflies in this genus. Using anchored hybrid enrichment we constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny for Lepidochrysops and its closest, non-parasitic relatives in the Euchrysops section (Poloyommatini). We estimated ancestral areas across the phylogeny with process-based biogeographical models and diversification rates relying on time-variable and clade-heterogeneous birth-death models. The Euchrysops section originated with the emerging Miombo woodlands about 22 million years ago (Mya), and spread to drier biomes as they became available in the late Miocene. The diversification of the non-parasitic lineages decreased as aridification intensified around 10 Mya, culminating in diversity decline. In contrast, the diversification of the phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops lineage proceeded rapidly from about 6.5 Mya when this unusual life history likely first evolved. The Miombo woodlands were the cradle for diversification of the Euchrysops section, and our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aridification during the Miocene selected for a phyto-predaceous life history in species of Lepidochrysops, with ant nests likely providing caterpillars a safe refuge from fire and a source of food when vegetation was scarce.

Published
2023

19. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins

Author

Kawahara, Akito Y., primary, Storer, Caroline, additional, Carvalho, Ana Paula S., additional, Plotkin, David M., additional, Condamine, Fabien L., additional, Braga, Mariana P., additional, Ellis, Emily A., additional, St Laurent, Ryan A., additional, Li, Xuankun, additional, Barve, Vijay, additional, Cai, Liming, additional, Earl, Chandra, additional, Frandsen, Paul B., additional, Owens, Hannah L., additional, Valencia-Montoya, Wendy A., additional, Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, additional, Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., additional, Dexter, Kelly M., additional, Doleck, Tenzing, additional, Markee, Amanda, additional, Messcher, Rebeccah, additional, Nguyen, Y-Lan, additional, Badon, Jade Aster T., additional, Benítez, Hugo A., additional, Braby, Michael F., additional, Buenavente, Perry A. C., additional, Chan, Wei-Ping, additional, Collins, Steve C., additional, Rabideau Childers, Richard A., additional, Dankowicz, Even, additional, Eastwood, Rod, additional, Fric, Zdenek F., additional, Gott, Riley J., additional, Hall, Jason P. W., additional, Hallwachs, Winnie, additional, Hardy, Nate B., additional, Sipe, Rachel L. Hawkins, additional, Heath, Alan, additional, Hinolan, Jomar D., additional, Homziak, Nicholas T., additional, Hsu, Yu-Feng, additional, Inayoshi, Yutaka, additional, Itliong, Micael G. A., additional, Janzen, Daniel H., additional, Kitching, Ian J., additional, Kunte, Krushnamegh, additional, Lamas, Gerardo, additional, Landis, Michael J., additional, Larsen, Elise A., additional, Larsen, Torben B., additional, Leong, Jing V., additional, Lukhtanov, Vladimir, additional, Maier, Crystal A., additional, Martinez, Jose I., additional, Martins, Dino J., additional, Maruyama, Kiyoshi, additional, Maunsell, Sarah C., additional, Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, additional, Monastyrskii, Alexander, additional, Morais, Ana B. B., additional, Müller, Chris J., additional, Naive, Mark Arcebal K., additional, Nielsen, Gregory, additional, Padrón, Pablo Sebastián, additional, Peggie, Djunijanti, additional, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, additional, Sáfián, Szabolcs, additional, Saito, Motoki, additional, Schröder, Stefan, additional, Shirey, Vaughn, additional, Soltis, Doug, additional, Soltis, Pamela, additional, Sourakov, Andrei, additional, Talavera, Gerard, additional, Vila, Roger, additional, Vlasanek, Petr, additional, Wang, Houshuai, additional, Warren, Andrew D., additional, Willmott, Keith R., additional, Yago, Masaya, additional, Jetz, Walter, additional, Jarzyna, Marta A., additional, Breinholt, Jesse W., additional, Espeland, Marianne, additional, Ries, Leslie, additional, Guralnick, Robert P., additional, Pierce, Naomi E., additional, and Lohman, David J., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Rapid radiation of ant parasitic butterflies during the Miocene aridification of Africa

Author

Espeland, Marianne, primary, Chazot, Nicolas, additional, Condamine, Fabien L., additional, Lemmon, Alan R., additional, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, additional, Pringle, Ernest, additional, Heath, Alan, additional, Collins, Steve, additional, Tiren, Wilson, additional, Mutiso, Martha, additional, Lees, David C., additional, Fisher, Stewart, additional, Murphy, Raymond, additional, Woodhall, Stephen, additional, Tropek, Robert, additional, Ahlborn, Svenja S., additional, Cockburn, Kevin, additional, Dobson, Jeremy, additional, Bouyer, Thierry, additional, Kaliszewska, Zofia A., additional, Baker, Christopher C. M., additional, Talavera, Gerard, additional, Vila, Roger, additional, Gardiner, Alan J., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Martins, Dino J., additional, Sáfián, Szabolcs, additional, Edge, David A., additional, and Pierce, Naomi E., additional

Published
2023
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21. Chrysoritis Butler (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) – Part I: Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a South African genus of myrmecophilous butterflies

Author

Quek, Swee-Peck, Pringle, Ernest L., and Heath, Alan

Abstract

The molecular data of Talavera et al. (2020) is re-analysed to provide a foundation for a taxonomic revision of Chrysoritis. A COI phylogeny recovers most of the Chrysoritis species as monophyletic, and a few as polyphyletic but supported by the CAD gene. In the thysbe clade, most species, despite occurring in sympatry with at least one other species in the clade, maintain distinctive wing facies and ecological identity without intermediate forms. Within the thysbe clade, which contains the majority of species, sister taxon comparisons based on the COI phylogeny suggest speciation has been predominantly allopatric and accompanied mostly by minor morphological change and sometimes also a change in male patrolling terrain and/or host ant species. The diversification of the thysbe clade and the taxonomic implications of our results are discussed.

Published
2023

22. Chyrsoritis: Part I. Table S4.Pairwise Φst matrix for thysbe clade species.xlsx

Author

Quek, Swee Peck, Heath, Alan, and Pringle, Ernest

Abstract

Pairwise ΦST values (and corresponding p values) among Chrysoritis species within the thysbe clade, obtained from analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA). In the sheet entitled " FST (p value range color coded)," the pairwise ΦST values are shown, while the p value range for each ΦST value is noted by the color of the cell. A color key for the p value ranges is shown at the bottom end of the data. Actual p values can be found in the sheet entitled "p value."

Published
2023
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30. Chrysoritis: Part I. Table S5. Pairwise Φst matrix for thysbe clade subspecies.xlsx

Author

Quek, Swee Peck, Heath, Alan, and Pringle, Ernest

Abstract

Pairwise ΦST values (and corresponding p values) among Chrysoritis subspecies within the thysbe clade, obtained from analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA). In the sheet entitled "Fst (p value range color coded)," the pairwise ΦST values are shown, while the p value range for each ΦST value is noted by the color of the cell. A color key for the p value ranges is shown at the bottom end of the data. Actual p values can be found in the sheet entitled "p value."

Published
2023
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33. CJK Indexing Prototype for Asian Digital Collections: Developing a Software Tool Where Generations Meet

Author

Heath, Alan M., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Xing, Chunxiao, editor, Crestani, Fabio, editor, and Rauber, Andreas, editor

Published
2011
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34. Phylogeny of the Poritiinae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), butterflies with ant associations and unusual lichenivorous diets

Author

Boyle, John H., primary, Espeland, Marianne, additional, Sáfián, Szabolcs, additional, Ducarme, Robert, additional, Gardiner, Alan J., additional, Coleman, James W., additional, Heath, Alan, additional, Fisher, Stewart, additional, Collins, Steve C., additional, Martins, Dino J., additional, Aduse‐Poku, Kwaku, additional, Libert, Michel, additional, Dankowicz, Even, additional, Kawahara, Akito Y., additional, Lohman, David J., additional, and Pierce, Naomi E., additional

Published
2023
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