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Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases which is indicated by the occurrence of hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion in the body. Many deaths are caused by diabetes, if this disease is not treated immediately, diabetes can cause damage to other organs such as blindness, stores, heart problem and even kidney problem. A best method is needed in classifying diabetes in order to detect diabetes early. Research related to the classification of diabetes using several calcification methods has been done before. In this study, two classification methods were compared, namely decision tree and naïve Bayes. Measurement methods were carried out through cross validation. The results obtained from this study are the best algorithms among the two algorithms to determine diabetes sufferers

Terminalia as a genus has received a great attraction to evaluate and examine the pharmacological potential having their medicinal properties. Different species under Terminalia genus have been used as herbal medicine with various formulations in the treatment of abdominal pain, cancer, cough, conjunctivitis, diarrea, heart problem, leproscopy, urinary tract infection, and sexual related diseases. These properties have been reported to express abundant biological characteristics for example antioxidant, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. This review has constructed to solicitude the phytochemicals from the genus Terminalia. A total six species belongs to this genus such as Terminalia chebula, T. citrina, T. phanerophlebia, T. belerica, T. catappa, and T. arjuna have been studied and fifty-six phytochemicals with their chemical structures have been reported in this review. Terminalia chebula consists of a higher number of phytochemicals as compared to the other species. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(1): 76-82, 2021

CAB coronary artery Blockage is a main difficulty; this causes the heart problems. Different models are utilized to diagnosis the CAB as well as a category of heart problems. This work involves the heart surgery operations & very fast diagnosis. This research just requires the heart images i.e., CT-angiography images. Speed and real diagnosis are possible with technical Image processing (TIP) with the use of ML (Machine Learning) algorithm. With the help of RFO-DT (random forest optimization decision Trees) based, TIP and ML are used to detect the ROH (region of a Heart problem). Entire work consists of 2 stages; at first pre-processing is performed and the second stage DT is extracted, probability values are calculated performed the RFO-DT-ML model. Coronary artery is the main tissue in the heart, so it needs more concentration; normal scanning procedures are not sufficient, so CTA is necessary. In this, data sets are collated from the IEEE data house website. Conventional methods like GA, DE, and GWO are not efficient for heart functionality assessment for coronary artery disorders findings. If a patient with heart diseases have a problem for fast disease findings. So Fast and accurate disease finding models are required; therefore, this model i.e., RFO with AI, gives the best diagnosis results with accuracy. Finally, the design has been done and progressed by 4.766% OV, OF by using 6.5%, OT by 2.5%. These are efficient results.

The development of technology can be used to facilitate many matters. One of them is childbirth in the medical fields. Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is the number of maternal deaths during pregnancy to postpartum caused by pregnancy, childbirth or its management. There are several methods of labors that can be done. The determination of the labor is based on many factors and must be in accordance with the conditions of pregnant patient. Caesarean birth is the last alternative in labor, due to high risk factors. The objective of this research is to predicte and analyse caesarean section using C4.5 and Naive Bayes classifier models. For experimentation the dataset is collected from UCI Machine Learning Repository and the main attributes represented in this dataset are age, delivery number, delivery time, blood of pressure, and heart problem. The accuracy using C4.5 by 80 training cases is 45% And the accuracy using Naive Bayes is 50%.

Analysis of coronary disease is a daunting task that can include a mechanized forecast of the patient's coronary disease in order to make future care easier. Because of this fact, the discovery of coronary disease in the clinical network has received massive intrigue around the world. Here, with increased feasibility, man-made consciousness used for analyzing the coronary disease. In view of this perspective, as of late, a few inquiries have been led in the writing. Along these lines, dissecting certain methods of conclusion will prompt new progress around there. A comprehensive analysis of 120 papers distributed in the standard diaries from 2015 to 2020 is properly described. This paper presents the investigation of the articles related with coronary illness and furthermore a portrayal of different classes of coronary sickness, for example, coronary infection, coronary conductor infection, cardiovascular breakdown, ischemic coronary infection, cardiovascular sickness, innate coronary sickness, valvar coronary illness, and hypo plastic left heart problem. The end from the examination is that neural association based methods convey greater suitability and more than 90% exactness has been accomplished by a couple of procedures. At long last, a part of the investigation issue is likewise guided to a comparable way before additional audit.

In this paper, We have analysed the real-time acquisition of ECG signals and concatenated with the intelligent devices Arduino for better service for the desired pupils suffering from heart misfunctioning. The ECG signals are processed, stored and transmitted to the target location in real-time. It can be processed offline as well as online. However, the main aim to review the current state of the Monitoring Device where it extensive depth analysis to finding in the area of smart health Monitoring for the ease of patient and the doctors. Moreover, the paper concludes that our health Monitoring Device will be prevalently implemented with home environment monitoring and control systems and the sensor( AD8232) is usually do for a few minutes and it is a painless or help to diagnosis much common heart problem of all age peoples.

A 19-year-old healthy male collegiate athlete presented with typical anginal symptoms after running a 5K race. He had complained of similar symptoms off and on for the past month. On presentation, troponin was 0.12 ng/ml (reference value 1.9×1.8 cm attenuation defect in the left ventricular apex consistent with thrombus. Subsequent coronary catheterization confirmed dissection of the left anterior descending artery. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare phenomenon. Diagnosis can be made through noninvasive measures but is usually done through left heart catheterization. In young patients who present with an NSTEMI, clinical suspicion for SCAD among other conditions should be raised. Additionally, recognizing that complications such as intracardiac thrombi can occur in SCAD is critical in ensuring appropriate therapy.

Heart is the most important organ of a human body as it not only circulates oxygen and other vital nutrients through blood to different parts of the body and helping in the metabolic activities but also removes metabolic wastes. Thus, even a minor problem can affect the whole organism. Hence, researchers are diverting a lot of data analysis work for assisting the doctors to predict the heart problem. So, an analysis of the data related to different health problems and its functioning can help in predicting with a certain probability for the wellness of this organ. In this paper we have analysed the different prescribed data of patients from different parts of India. Using this data, we have built a model which gets trained using this data and tries to predict whether a new out-of-sample data has a probability of having any heart attack or not. This model can help in the decision making along with the doctor to treat the patient well and creating a transparency between the doctor and the patient. In the validation set of the data, it’s not only the accuracy that the model has to take care, rather the True Positive Rate and False-Negative Rate along with the AUC-ROC helps in building/fixing the algorithm inside the model.

These days we have an increased number of heart diseases including increased risk of heart attacks. In our proposed system, patient use sensors that allows to detect heart problem of a person using pulse sensor, temperature sensor and ECG sensor even if the person is at home. The sensor is then interfaced to a microcontroller that allows checking heart rate readings and transmitting them over internet. After setting high and low limits, the system starts monitoring and as soon as patient heart beat goes above a certain limit, the system sends an alert to the controller which then transmits this over the internet and alerts concerned patient’s caretakers and also provides recommendation of closest hospital location so that the person can be saved on time.

Background: Hypertensive condition can lead to abnormalities in heart structure and electrical activity. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart and widely used to diagnose and detect heart problem. Objective: We conducted a comparative ECG analysis between two hypertension models (L-NAME and SHR) and their controls (Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto) at six and 15 th week of age. Methods: Blood pressure was measured at the end of the 15 th week, and electrocardiography was performed [...]

The Phonocardiography is a graphical method of recording of the tones and noise generated by the heart with the help of the phonocardiogram machine. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure (HF) are considered life-threatening and mostly cause death. The phonocardiograph signal (PCG) considers an indicator of abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. It provides the ability to carry out qualitative information and quantitative analysis of different tones and heart murmurs. PCG plays a major role in treatment, diagnosis and decision making of the clinical examination and biomedical research fields. The use of simple stethoscope for diagnosis the heart problem requires an experienced physician or doctors. Many people with CVD and HF are dying every day because of the lack of facilities that analysis the heart defects. Most of the low come countries suffer from a severe shortage in the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and PCG devices and trained physicians and doctors. The Poor healthcare system in these countries needs to be improved especially the problem of heart disease diagnostics. The PCG is a technique for recording and monitoring the cardiac acoustics by using a transducer and microphone. This paper attempts to design a cheap and simple biotechnical system for recording and monitoring PCG signal. The hardware was designed and implemented using the stethoscope, electret microphone, amplifiers, DC source, and jack for transmitting the PCG signal to the computer. The software was codded for monitoring and processing the PCG signal.

Objective To explore perceptions and experiences of patients discharged the same day (or not) and their family members towards same-day discharge following percutaneous coronary intervention. Design and methods A qualitative interpretative design. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with consented patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, and their family members (n = 23). Data were analysed using a content analysis approach. Setting This study was undertaken in the cardiac services department of an Australian tertiary hospital. Main outcome measures Perceptions and experiences of same-day discharge. Findings A total of 31 patients and 23 family members were interviewed. Two categories emerged from the analysis: communication challenges with hospital staff and perceptions of same-day discharge. Family members were often not provided discharge instructions, and some same-day discharged patients felt vulnerable following discharge. When asked, most participants perceived same-day discharge as a preferred option because of its comfort and convenience. Some expressed uncertainty towards same-day discharge due to feeling anxious and apprehensive. Others misperceived same-day discharge as a signal that their heart problem was fixed without realising their underlying chronic health conditions. Conclusion Most patients and family members perceived same-day discharge as a preferred option. However, strategies are needed to support their transition from hospital to home, therefore, recognising and improving their long-term disease management.

For analyzing incidence data on diabetes and health problems, the bivariate geometric probability distribution is a natural choice but remained unexplored largely due to lack of models linking cova...

A diabetes proliferation gives growth to many health issues. Diabetes complications can be avoided and or prevented with the recommended lifestyle and treatments. Analysis and administration of diabetes mellitus are the inspiring problems for the present-day exploration of risk classification. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition noticeable by higher levels of blood glucose. The objective of this work is to expect the major five complications which arise because of diabetes mellitus. In the proposed model, fuzzy logic is used to classify the risk level of major five complications like Vision Loss, Kidney failure, Neuropathy, Stroke diseases, Heart Problem. The correct classification of a rate of FL measured 92.5% for prediction of disease.

Introduction: Health has become a major concern nowadays. People pass significant amount of time of daily life on driving seat. Some health complexity happens during driving like heart problem, stroke etc. Driver’s health abnormality may also effect safety of other vehicles. So, automotive manufacturers and users are interested to include real-time health monitoring in car system.

Ultrasound is one of the most popular medical imaging technologies that can help a physician evaluate, diagnose and treat medical conditions. Although ultrasound imaging is generally considered good medical tool but the overall detection rate of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) using ultrasound image remain anomic. Congenital Heart Defects are the heart problem that occurs before birth. Recognizing Congenital Heart Defects at right time is a difficult task for Physicians due to lack of subject specialists or inexperience with the previous cases or even as the children they can‟t express their problem in a proper way. In order to improve the diagnosis accuracy and to reduce the diagnosis time, it has become a demanding issue to develop an efficient and reliable medical Decision Support System. Hence machine learning approaches such as neural networks have shown great potential to be applied in the development of medical Decision Support System for Heart Disease. Fetal anomaly detection mainly carried out in four steps. Noise removal, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. General Terms Image processing

"Old" brand of jingdezhen ceramics research is a heart problem, many scholars have been concerned about the author is based on their own professional and brand design Angle to study, and puts forward specific solutions to jingdezhen ceramic old brand design, hope that through brand design method on the inheritance and development of jingdezhen "old" have new change, thus to achieve the inheritance and innovation, old old in the new.

This article is based on a survey on Muslim patients in Terengganu in relation to their understanding and acceptance towards health practice by the Prophet Muhammad. There are many peoples of Terengganu contracting diabetes, high blood pressure and heart problem due to a weak knowledge of health care practices according to Islam. A study on 210 respondents has revealed that only 13.8% know about the health care practices as recommended by the Prophet. Only 1% done it before falling ill, 6.1% of them occasionally practice it, 30% practice it rarely and 62.8% of the respondents never performed it. Diet practices also act as health indicator where 98.6% of the respondents consume food without control. Meanwhile, only 1% of the patients always take health supplementary food and 1.4% often takes it, while the rest simply ignore it. As a conclusion, the cause of illness begins with a failure to perform a good and complete health care practices.

Heart is one of the most important and delicate organ of the human body. It is very important for a heart to be healthy in order to maintain the overall health of every individual. The Heart related diseases and issues have been increasing in a number of people at a very alarming rate, which makes it a very prominent reason to constantly monitor the heart rate of an individual for any sudden changes. Heart rate varies during exercises or during any activity, which requires physical movement. Any kind of stress can also lead to Heart problem. This paper portrays the current research and development in the field of devices created to monitor the Heart rate. Different methods have been implemented and discussed to identify the components lacking in the current scenario devices and identifying the future scope of the Heart rate monitors.

Ankyloblepharon is usually a sporadic congenital abnormality in which the upper and lower eyelids are joined together by single or multiple bands of skin tissue. Here we report a case of ankyloblepharon where the baby was having complete cleft palate, syndactyly of second and third toes of both the feet and congenital heart problem (Patent Foramen Ovale with left to right shunt).

Rheumatic heart disease is a one of the very common heart problem commonly prevalent among the children of developing countries, may occur in adul ts in their fourties also, if undiagnosed in early ages, similar in symptoms to ‘rheumatism’ but quite difficult to diagnose or are often misdiagnosed. The main objective of this article is to make acqua inted about the disease and its further consequence s, since initially it appears to be just a simple gene ral fever but may prove deadly if undiagnosed or misdiagnosed leading to severe heart valve damage a nd consequent complications. The methods involved in the case include Bilateral Femoral Embo lectomy (BFE), fasciotomy and Balloon Mitral Valvotomy (BMV). Through this case study an attempt has been made by the authors to make the people especially from the medical and related fiel d, well acquainted about this deadly, silent, heart disease and its consequent complications.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide and the type varies depending on symptom and causes. There are several procedures to determine the type of CVD such as blood test, holter monitoring, cardiac stress test and many more. Cardiac stress test is a procedure to exert pressure on the heart by doing physical activities to determine heart functionality and abnormal heart activity. It is done to gather information on heart condition supported by evidence in the form of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. However, patients with heart problem will have to take turns to run the test due to limited access to the equipment especially in government hospital. Therefore, this paper proposed the development of cardiac self-stress test device to provide a pre-diagnosis result based on metabolic equivalent (MET) value. The device named “i-STress device” is a stand-alone device integrating the use of software application and hardware. The software was built by using MIT App Inventor 2 and the hardware built based on Arduino 101 and Sparkfun Heart Monitor AD 8232 and the test result saved in SD card. The device will be useful to sort out patient’s case priority as well as providing pre-diagnosis result before conducting a real cardiac stress test.

A total of 73 medicinal plants belonging to 44 families of angiosperms were found to be used in the healing practice of 36 types of diseases including diabetics, heart problem, and neurological disorders by Koch Rajbangshi people of North Salmara sub-division of Bongaigaon district, Assam. More use of leaf was found in disease treatment than other parts of plant. Among the plants species 49 were common in occurrence, 19 species less common and 5 species viz ., Aristolochia indica L., Asparagus recemosus Willd., Cissus quadrangularis L., Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desv and Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. were in rare category in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v11i1.8243 Our Nature Vol.11(1) 2013: 45-53

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been widely stated as the most common arrhythmias (irregularities of heart rhythm) which could lead to severe heart problem such as stroke. Many studies have been conducted to understand and explain its mechanism by analyzing its signal, in either time domain or frequency domain. This paper aims to provide basic information on the AF by reviewing relevant papers. Overall, this paper will provide review on the underlying theory of AF, AF mechanism as well as the common relevant signal processing steps and analysis.

Many health professionals, including healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) will come into contact with patients who are affected by heart disease or know somebody close to them who has suffered from a heart problem. The economic costs of heart disease to the UK are large, however many related conditions can be prevented, or their effects minimized, with the help of HCAs and APs. This article introduces the subject of heart conditions, discusses the cardiac system, symptoms of disease and treatments.

In reflecting about incidents, accomplishments and disappointments that occurred during my career, many of them seem almost apocryphal. I acquired an interest in lipids in my third year at Harvard Medical School when I was caring for a young woman with a severe heart problem at the then-Boston City Hospital. World War II was in full swing, and medical students were intimately involved in the care and treatment of patients. She had two young children and a devoted husband who was truly grateful for any help I could provide. One evening, while I was still on the ward, she died. You may well imagine the sadness at rounds the next morning. The next year, I was involved in the care of a 51-year-old man with a myocardial infarction. He was one of the first patients to undergo angioplasty to try to treat the condition. He died on the operating table. These distressing events made me think about trying to do something that might help such people.

Background The most common risk factor for Atrial Fibrillation (AF) development is hypertension. Purpose to explore patients' characteristics associated with AF caused by hypertension. Methods The sample of the study included 170 patients with AF caused by hypertension. Data collection was performed by the method of interview using a questionnaire developed by the researchers of the study for the collection of demographic, clinical and other patients' characteristics. Results Regarding type of AF, 21.9% of the patients had paroxysmal AF while 64.5% and 13.6% had persistent and permanent AF, respectively. Patients who had persistent AF were receiving anticoagulants and antiarrhythmics at a higher percentage (88.8% and 82.2%,respectively) than patients with paroxysmal (69.4% and 72.2%, respectively) or permanent AF (69.6% and 56.5%, respectively). Patients with persistent AF had at a lower percentage their blood pressure controlled than patients with paroxysmal or permanent AF (85.3% vs. 97.3% and 95.7%, respectively). Patients with permanent AF had at a higher percentage >5 years onset of their heart problem (47.8%) than patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF (10.8% and 8.3%, respectively). Patients with permanent AF had at a higher percentage previous hospitalization due to AF (69.6%) than patients with paroxysmal (40.5%) or persistent AF (62%). Lastly, patients with persistent AF were very informed about the state of their health at a higher percentage (33%) compared patients with paroxysmal or permanent AF (13.5% and 26,1%, respectively). Conclusions The present study revealed patients' characteristics that may be helpful when planning nursing interventions or guiding clinical decision-making.

Bhaskar Ghosh, affectionately used to be addressed as Kumar by his colleagues and friends, died at an age of 72, of a heart problem on August 3, 2008. He is survived by his three daughters, Monica, Anita, and Rebecca; his wife Hedwig Graf passed away a year earlier. I have the privilege of knowing Bhaskar from our college days back in the early 1950s, collaborating with him in some statistical research, and more so in editorial activities. I take this opportunity to write a short biography of Bhaskar and appraise some aspects of his contributions to statistics with special emphasis on sequential methods. In particular, this journal, Sequential Analysis, was founded largely through the untiring efforts of Bhaskar, and I am proud to be a founding editor jointly with him. We (at least I) will miss him for quite sometime.

Background: The purpose of this study was to ascertain public perception of the terms podiatry and DPM. Methods: We distributed a survey to 847 people in ten states across the United States. It was hypothesized that most respondents would be less familiar with the DPM degree than the term podiatrist. It was also expected that people would choose MD over DPM for more complex procedures. Results: The majority of respondents selected a podiatrist and a DPM as a foot specialist, almost one-half selected DPM for foot surgery, but only one-third stated they would have foot surgery done by a DPM if they had a heart problem. In addition, it was hypothesized that respondents would choose the contrived PMD over DPM simply because PMD looks more like MD; this was not shown to be true. Conclusions: Although there are gaps in the public knowledge, our study revealed a greater familiarity with podiatry and the DPM degree than originally thought. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 223–231, 2009)

This paper expose the current work in the development of an ECG of 12 derivations with the capability of connection through an optical communication system. Prior investigation shows that attention provided in the first minutes of a heart problem it’s essential. The ECG signals are going to be transmitted into laser beam through the atmosphere to stablish communication between the ECG and the medical center, Capable to analyze the signals and give a proper diagnosis. There are a few challenges to this project; Multiplexing ECG signals into a laser Diode and effectively transmitting those signals through the atmosphere to a receptor.

This article includes a fictional story featuring Etty Wanda, a girl who likes to point out mathematical errors, and Mrs. Grey, an evil sorceress who poses a paradoxical math problem that asks about comparing area with perimeter.

The study conducted on 120 beneficiaries of NRHM to assess the role of NRHM led to conclusion that most of the respondents belonged to Schedule Caste category. Beside the pregnancy large number of women respondents was suffering from anaemia, heart problem, hypertension allergy etc. The study showed that nearly one-third of the respondents go for their check-up during pregnancy in private hospitals. Most of the respondents also informed that they did not get free provision of blood during surgery under JSSK scheme of NRHM. Availability of less doctors, Para-medical staff and low ambulance at the time of delivery were the main problems found during study.

Bill Strang was a dedicated aerospace engineer of great integrity and much respected by all who came into contact with him. He was Technical Director of the Commercial Aircraft Division of British Aerospace until he retired in 1983 to become Chairman of the Airworthiness Requirements Board. All his postgraduate career was spent in the British aerospace industry, mostly at Filton near Bristol, except for a brief spell in the Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia, from 1948 to 1951. Dr Strang made the biggest industrial contribution to the aerodynamic design of Concorde and in 1977 was elected a Fellow of The Royal Society as a result; he served on several of the Society's committees from 1977 until 1989. From 1983 until 1990 he was Chairman of the Civil Aviation Airworthiness Requirements Board. He was also a keen sailor and became a Coastal Skipper with The Island Cruising Club at Salcombe before qualifying for his Master's Ticket with the Royal Yachting Association. He loved the countryside and walking. He was awarded a C.B.E. in 1973 and in 1997 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. The Royal Aeronautical Society awarded him the Silver Medal in 1971 and the Gold Medal in 1973. In his later years he suffered from a heart problem that was the cause of his death in 1999.

Members of the public were recruited by means of a local newspaper campaign for basic life support instruction by mass training sessions. Six hundred and seventy two were trained and a random sample of 241 completed a questionnaire on their attitudes and willingness to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an emergency. At the end of the course almost all (99%) approved the concept of community training and 198 (82%) believed themselves capable of saving a life using the techniques they had been taught. Sixty-seven percent of respondents were related to someone with a heart problem and more than 97% expressed willingness to resuscitate a relative. Half would be willing to attempt resuscitation in unpleasant circumstances, but only a quarter thought that they might do so if the casualty had vomited. The campaign was successful in recruiting members of the public related to those with a higher risk of cardiac arrest and producing life supporters who intended to use their skills, should they be required.

Atrial fibrillation is a serious heart problem originated from the upper chamber of the heart. The common indication of atrial fibrillation is irregularity of R peak-to-R-peak time interval, which is shortly called RR interval. The irregularity could be represented using variance or spread of RR interval. This article presents a system to detect atrial fibrillation using variances. Using clinical data of patients with atrial fibrillation attack, it is shown that the variance of electrocardiographic RR interval are higher during atrial fibrillation, compared to the normal one. Utilizing a simple detection technique and variances of RR intervals, we find a good performance of atrial fibrillation detection.

This study sought to determine the extent of anxiety and misperceptions about heart murmurs for consenting parents of 182 children referred for first-time pediatric cardiology assessment (including echocardiography) of a heart murmur. From questionnaires completed before assessment, 22% of parents indicated that they were extremely concerned, and only 16% could define a heart murmur as a sound made by the heart. From 1-month follow-up questionnaires obtained from parents of children without heart disease at assessment, 10% continued to believe that their child had a heart problem. Cardiology assessment may not provide complete reassurance to all families and additional interventions may be necessary.

The identification of a heart problem in a child can create fear and uncertainty for parents. This patient page will address some common questions from parents of school-age children who require therapy with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). It is intended to be a parental resource to promote understanding and confidence in children and young adults to live successfully with an ICD. ### What Is an ICD? An ICD is not a cure, but instead can be viewed as an insurance policy, protecting at-risk individuals against dangerous heart rhythms. Previous research has indicated that ICDs significantly reduce the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in patients at risk for sudden cardiac death.1 An ICD is a small implanted device that monitors the heart rhythm and is able to stop a dangerous heart rhythm that could result in sudden cardiac death by either rapidly pacing or shocking the heart back to a normal rhythm. Open-heart surgery is not required to implant the device. The ICD is typically placed in the upper left chest and has sensing wires that attach to the walls of the heart muscle. Your child will likely have the ICD throughout his or her lifetime and will need the battery changed every 5 to 7 years. It will require monitoring by a cardiologist, typically every 3 to 6 months, which can be done painlessly with a monitoring system from home or in the cardiologist's office. ### What Questions Should I Ask? At first, it may feel like you have so many questions that you don't know where to start. The Table details a number of key questions and answers. In addition, here are some important things you may want to ask your child's cardiologist: View this table: Table. Children's Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

Preface.- The Soda Can Problem.- The Mirror Problem.- The Leg Problem.- The Sketch Problem.- the Parallel Parking Problem.- The Parking Garage Problem.- the 85th Birthday Problem.- The Slippery-Ice of Bread-Slicing Problem.- the Snail-Racehorse Problem.- The Discus Thrower Problem.- The Beer Coaster Problem.- the Toasting Problem.- The Heart Problem.- Index.

This last chapter is dedicated to heartache. Each and every one would like to give away their heart at least once in their lifetime. What creative ideas might a mathematically interested person have? At this point, one needs to activate one’s brain, because you shouldn’t fool around with such questions.