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1. Shortfalls in the protection of Important Shark and Ray Areas undermine shark conservation efforts in the Central and South American Pacific

Author

Mouton, Théophile L., Gonzalez-Pestana, Adriana, Rohner, Christoph A., Charles, Ryan, García-Rodríguez, Emiliano, Kyne, Peter M., Batlle-Morera, Amanda, di Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo, Armstrong, Asia O., Acuña, Enzo, Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Arauz, Randall, Avalos-Castillo, Cristopher G., Augustinus, Ely, Bessudo, Sandra, Barraza, Enrique, Bustamante, Carlos, Chávez, Elpis J., Espinoza, Eduardo Ramon, Espinoza, Mario, Hacohen-Domené, Ana, Hearn, Alex R., Hernández, Grettel M., Galván-Magaña, Felipe, Gonzalez-Leiva, José A., Ketchum, James T., Ladino, Felipe, Lara-Lizardi, Frida, Morales-Saldaña, Jorge Manuel, Serrano, Naití Morales, Madrigal-Mesén, Jeffry, Mejía-Falla, Paola A., Navia, Andrés F., Ochoa, Gabriela M., Palacios, Marta D., Peñaherrera-Palma, César R., Polanco-Vásquez, Francisco, Rodríguez-Arriatti, Yehudi, Saldaña-Ruiz, Luz E., Sosa-Nishizaki, Oscar, Tovar-Ávila, Javier, Vega, Ángel J., Velez-Zuazo, Ximena, Villate-Moreno, Melany, Zanella, Ilena, and Jabado, Rima W.

Published
2025
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2. Identifying priority sites for whale shark ship collision management globally

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Rohner, Christoph A., Abrantes, Kátya, Afonso, Pedro, Arunrugstichai, Shin, Bach, Steffen S., Bar, Shir, Barash, Adi, Barnes, Peter, Barnett, Adam, Boldrocchi, Ginevra, Buffat, Noemie, Canon, Tom, Perez, Clara Canovas, Chuangcharoendee, Metavee, Cochran, Jesse E.M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Driggers, William, Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Fitzpatrick, Richard, Flam, Anna, Fontes, Jorge, Francis, Gemma, Galvan, Beatriz Eugenia, Graham, Rachel T., Green, Sofia M., Green, Jonathan R., Grosmark, Ya'ara, Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale S., Harvey, Maria, Harvey-Carroll, Jessica, Hasan, Abdi Wunanto, Hearn, Alex R., Hendon, Jill M., Putra, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata, Himawan, Mahardika Rizqi, Hoffmayer, Eric, Holmberg, Jason, Hsu, Hua Hsun, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Jansen, Ashlee, Judd, Christy, Kuguru, Baraka, Lester, Emily, Macena, Bruno C.L., Magson, Kirsty, Maguiño, Rossana, Manjaji-Matsumoto, Mabel, Marcoux, Stacia D., Marcoux, Travis, McKinney, Jennifer, Meekan, Mark, Mendoza, Alejandra, Moazzam, Muhammad, Monacella, Emily, Norman, Brad, Perry, Cameron, Pierce, Simon, Prebble, Clare, Macías, Dení Ramírez, Raudino, Holly, Reynolds, Samantha, Robinson, David, Rowat, David, Santos, Mudjekeewis D., Schmidt, Jennifer, Scott, Chad, See, Sian Tian, Sianipar, Abraham, Speed, Conrad W., Syakurachman, Ismail, Tyne, Julian A., Waples, Kelly, Winn, Chloe, Yuneni, Ranny R., Zareer, Irthisham, and Araujo, Gonzalo

Published
2024
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3. Studies of the movement ecology of sharks justify the existence and expansion of marine protected areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Author

Klimley, A. Peter, Arauz, Randall, Bessudo, Sandra, Chávez, Elpis J., Chinacalle, Nicole, Espinoza, Eduardo, Green, Jonathan, Hearn, Alex R., Hoyos-Padilla, Mauricio E., Nalesso, Elena, Ketchum, James T., Fischer, Chris, Ladino, Felipe, Shillinger, George, Soler, Germán, Steiner, Todd, and Peñaherrera‑Palma, César

Published
2022
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5. Multidecadal underwater surveys reveal declines in marine turtles.

Author

Saltzman, Julia, Hearn, Alex R., Fuentes, Mariana M. P. B., Steiner, Todd, Arauz, Randall, Macdonald, Catherine, Heidemeyer, Maike, and White, Easton R.

Subjects
*SEA turtles, *HAWKSBILL turtle, *GREEN turtle, *MARINE parks & reserves, *OCEAN temperature
Abstract

Marine turtles are a group of imperiled marine megafauna particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors. Most long‐term studies of marine turtles are based on nesting surveys which focus on numbers of eggs, hatchlings, and nesting females. However, we know less about long‐term abundance trends of immature and adult turtles in the marine environment. To address this data gap, we examined records from 35,000 underwater visual census (UVC) dives (1993–2019) and short‐term in‐water turtle survey data (2009–2014) at Cocos Island, Costa Rica. During UVCs, trained divemasters from UnderSea Hunter recorded observations of two species of marine turtles—green Chelonia mydas and hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata. Our short‐term in‐water surveys revealed that most turtles at Cocos are greens, but both immature and mature greens occur at Cocos. We analyzed long‐term UVC data using a hierarchical modeling approach and we modeled a 26% decrease in the relative abundance of turtles observed on dives each year. Our model also revealed potential interactions between tiger sharks and turtles, finding that for each additional tiger shark present during a dive, the predicted relative abundance of turtles decreased by 43%. Lastly, our model suggested the influence of environmental variation on marine turtle relative abundance; a 1°C increase in sea surface temperature (SST) decreased the predicted relative abundance of turtles by 7%. Our results suggest that marine turtles are sensitive to long‐term environmental and oceanographic changes, and potentially avoid certain areas to reduce exposure to tiger sharks. Given our study area is already protected, there needs to be more focus on protecting adult turtles during their movements across the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Our work also highlights the importance of long‐term underwater surveys to monitor adult turtles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuña-Marrero, David, Afonso, André S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Keating Daly, Clare A., Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., MacDonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, McAllister, Jaime D., Meÿer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zárate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Published
2021
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8. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuña-Marrero, David, Afonso, André S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Keating Daly, Clare A., Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., MacDonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, McAllister, Jaime D., Meÿer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zárate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Published
2021
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9. Correction to: Studies of the movement ecology of sharks justify the existence and expansion of marine protected areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Author

Klimley, A. Peter, Arauz, Randall, Bessudo, Sandra, Chávez, Elpis J., Chinacalle, Nicole, Espinoza, Eduardo, Green, Jonathan, Hearn, Alex R., Hoyos-Padilla, Mauricio E., Nalesso, Elena, Ketchum, James T., Fischer, Chris, Ladino, Felipe, Shillinger, George, Soler, Germán, Steiner, Todd, and Peñaherrera-Palma, César

Published
2022
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10. Whale Shark Movements and Migrations

Author

Hearn, Alex R., primary, Green, Jonathan R., additional, Peñaherrera-Palma, César R., additional, Reynolds, Samantha, additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Román, Marlon, additional, and Sequeira, Ana M. M., additional

Published
2021
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11. Outstanding Questions in Whale Shark Research and Conservation

Author

Rowat, David, primary, Robinson, David P., additional, Dove, Alistair D. M., additional, Araujo, Gonzalo, additional, Clauss, Tonya, additional, Coco, Christopher, additional, Dearden, Philip, additional, Grace, Molly K., additional, Green, Jonathan R., additional, Hearn, Alex R., additional, Holmberg, Jason, additional, Hoopes, Lisa, additional, Matsumoto, Rui, additional, McClain, Craig R., additional, Meekan, Mark G., additional, Murakumo, Kiyomi, additional, Norman, Bradley M., additional, Nozu, Ryo, additional, Pardo, Sebástian A., additional, Peele, Emily E., additional, Peñaherrera-Palma, César R., additional, Perry, Cameron, additional, Prebble, Clare E. M., additional, Reynolds, Samantha, additional, Román, Marlon, additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Sato, Keiichi, additional, Schmidt, Jennifer V., additional, Schreiber, Christian, additional, Sequeira, Ana M. M., additional, Womersley, Freya, additional, Yanagisawa, Makio, additional, Yopak, Kara E., additional, Ziegler, Jackie, additional, and Pierce, Simon J., additional

Published
2021
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12. Simple criteria to determine detachment point of towed satellite tags provide first evidence of return migrations of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) at the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

Author

Hearn, Alex R, Green, Jonathan R, Espinoza, Eduardo, Peñaherrera, Cesar, Acuña, David, and Klimley, A

Abstract

Abstract Background Attachment of towed, floating satellite tags to large marine organisms has provided scientists with a wealth of information on the movements of these species. These tags generally are not programmed to detach at a particular time, yet are often prone to detachment by natural means after only a few days or weeks. It is important to be able to distinguish between the tracks provided by a detached, floating tag, and one that is attached to the subject. To this end, we placed three SPOT-5 and one SPLASH tag on large female whale sharks at Darwin Island (Galapagos Islands), and compared their tracks with those of two floating SPOT-5 tags released at the same site. We present a set of criteria to determine whether a towed satellite tag encased in a float is still attached to the study organism. Results None of the whale sharks remained in the vicinity of the island. Three of the tracks lasted 31 to 48 days, yet one shark was tracked for 167 days. This was the first recorded bona fide homing migration of a whale shark, travelling 1,650 km west then returning to Darwin four months later. Two other sharks also returned to Darwin. We found that at the time of detachment, a clear change in the daily timing and quality of transmissions became evident. This, in conjunction with daily depth and temperature summaries, and knowledge of currents and the biology of the subject, can be used to justify endpoints on tracks that continue to accrue positions as the tag floats with the currents. Conclusions The data provided by floating tags is sufficiently distinct to be able to determine a detachment date. After detachment, daily transmissions are received in the first hours of the day after midnight (Coordinated Universal Time), the location quality of the transmissions is consistently high, and temperature or depth summaries are consistent with surface records. Prior knowledge of subject behavior and general ocean circulation patterns in the region reinforces the ability to determine detachment date. In some cases, after a prolonged period of more than three or four weeks, the detection pattern may change, yet caution should be exercised in assuming that the tag is, after all, still attached.

Published
2013

16. Elasmobranchs of the Galapagos Marine Reserve

Author

Hearn, Alex R., Acuña, David, Ketchum, James T., Peñaherrera, Cesar, Green, Jonathan, Marshall, Andrea, Guerrero, Michel, Shillinger, George, Walsh, Stephen J., Series editor, Mena, Carlos F., Series editor, Denkinger, Judith, editor, and Vinueza, Luis, editor

Published
2014
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18. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gonzalez Cano, Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J. Jr., Norman, Bradley M., Penaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramirez-Macias, Deni, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood, Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gonzalez Cano, Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J. Jr., Norman, Bradley M., Penaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramirez-Macias, Deni, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood, Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Womersley, F. C., Humphries, N. E., Queiroz, N., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Furtado, M., Tyminski, J. P., Abrantes, K., Araujo, G., Bach, S. S., Barnett, A., Berumen, M. L., Bessudo Lion, S., Braun, C. D., Clingham, E., Cochran, J. E. M., de la Parra, R., Diamant, S., Dove, A. D. M., Dudgeon, C. L., Erdmann, M. V., Espinoza, E., Fitzpatrick, R., González Cano, J., Green, J. R., Guzman, H. M., Hardenstine, R., Hasan, A., Hazin, F. H. V., Hearn, A. R., Hueter, R. E., Jaidah, M. Y., Labaja, J., Ladinol, F., Macena, B. C. L., Morris Jr., J. J., Norman, B. M., Peñaherrera-Palmav, C., Pierce, S. J., Quintero, L. M., Ramırez-Macías, D., Reynolds, S. D., Richardson, A. J., Robinson, D. P., Rohner, C. A., Rowat, D. R. L., Sheaves, M., Shivji, M. S., Sianipar, A. B., Skomal, G. B., Soler, G., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S. R., Webb, D. H., Wetherbee, B. M., White, T. D., Clavelle, T., Kroodsma, D. A., Thums, M., Ferreira, L. C., Meekan, M. G., Arrowsmith, L. M., Lester, E. K., Meyers, M. M., Peel, L. R., Sequeira, A. M. M., Eguıluz, V. M., Duarte, C. M., & Sims, D. W. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(20), (2022): e2117440119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119., Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic., Funding for data analysis was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through a University of Southampton INSPIRE DTP PhD Studentship to F.C.W. Additional funding for data analysis was provided by NERC Discovery Science (NE/R00997/X/1) and the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2019 883583 OCEAN DEOXYFISH) to D.W.S., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/BIA/28855/2017 and COMPETE POCI-01–0145-FEDER-028855, and MARINFO–NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000031 (funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program [NORTE2020] under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund–ERDF) to N.Q. FCT also supported N.Q. (CEECIND/02857/2018) and M.V. (PTDC/BIA-COM/28855/2017). D.W.S. was supported by a Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship. All tagging procedures were approved by institutional ethical review bodies and complied with all relevant ethical regulations in the jurisdictions in which they were performed. Details for individual research teams are given in SI Appendix, section 8. Full acknowledgments for tagging and field research are given in SI Appendix, section 7. This research is part of the Global Shark Movement Project (https://www.globalsharkmovement.org).

Published
2022

19. GlobalSharkMovement / GlobalCollisionRisk

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Repository containing derived data for the manuscript 'Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world's largest fish, the whale shark'.

Published
2022

20. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic., [Significance] Global vessel traffic is increasing alongside world economic growth. The potential for rising lethal ship strikes on endangered species of marine megafauna, such as the plankton-feeding whale shark, remains poorly understood since areas of highest overlap are seldom determined across an entire species range. Here we show how satellite tracking whale sharks and large vessel movements globally provides a means to localize high-overlap areas and to determine how collision risk changes in time. Our results point to potential high levels of undetected or unreported ship strikes, which may explain why whale shark populations continue to decline despite protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Collision mitigations in high-collision-risk areas appear necessary to help conserve this iconic species.

Published
2022

22. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Womersley, Freya C., primary, Humphries, Nicolas E., additional, Queiroz, Nuno, additional, Vedor, Marisa, additional, da Costa, Ivo, additional, Furtado, Miguel, additional, Tyminski, John P., additional, Abrantes, Katya, additional, Araujo, Gonzalo, additional, Bach, Steffen S., additional, Barnett, Adam, additional, Berumen, Michael L., additional, Bessudo Lion, Sandra, additional, Braun, Camrin D., additional, Clingham, Elizabeth, additional, Cochran, Jesse E. M., additional, de la Parra, Rafael, additional, Diamant, Stella, additional, Dove, Alistair D. M., additional, Dudgeon, Christine L., additional, Erdmann, Mark V., additional, Espinoza, Eduardo, additional, Fitzpatrick, Richard, additional, Cano, Jaime González, additional, Green, Jonathan R., additional, Guzman, Hector M., additional, Hardenstine, Royale, additional, Hasan, Abdi, additional, Hazin, Fábio H. V., additional, Hearn, Alex R., additional, Hueter, Robert E., additional, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., additional, Labaja, Jessica, additional, Ladino, Felipe, additional, Macena, Bruno C. L., additional, Morris, John J., additional, Norman, Bradley M., additional, Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, additional, Pierce, Simon J., additional, Quintero, Lina M., additional, Ramírez-Macías, Dení, additional, Reynolds, Samantha D., additional, Richardson, Anthony J., additional, Robinson, David P., additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Rowat, David R. L., additional, Sheaves, Marcus, additional, Shivji, Mahmood S., additional, Sianipar, Abraham B., additional, Skomal, Gregory B., additional, Soler, German, additional, Syakurachman, Ismail, additional, Thorrold, Simon R., additional, Webb, D. Harry, additional, Wetherbee, Bradley M., additional, White, Timothy D., additional, Clavelle, Tyler, additional, Kroodsma, David A., additional, Thums, Michele, additional, Ferreira, Luciana C., additional, Meekan, Mark G., additional, Arrowsmith, Lucy M., additional, Lester, Emily K., additional, Meyers, Megan M., additional, Peel, Lauren R., additional, Sequeira, Ana M. M., additional, Eguíluz, Victor M., additional, Duarte, Carlos M., additional, and Sims, David W., additional

Published
2022
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28. Elasmobranchs of the Galapagos Marine Reserve

Author

Hearn, Alex R., primary, Acuña, David, additional, Ketchum, James T., additional, Peñaherrera, Cesar, additional, Green, Jonathan, additional, Marshall, Andrea, additional, Guerrero, Michel, additional, and Shillinger, George, additional

Published
2013
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29. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, Antonio M, Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuna-marrero, David, Afonso, Andre S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortes, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Jorgensen, Salvador J., Joyce, Warren, Daly, Clare A. Keating, Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., Macdonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, Mcallister, Jaime D., Mcauley, Rory, Meyer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Patterson, Toby A., Penaherrera-palma, Cesar, Pepperell, Julian G., Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Stevens, John D., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zarate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., Sims, David W., Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, Antonio M, Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuna-marrero, David, Afonso, Andre S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortes, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Jorgensen, Salvador J., Joyce, Warren, Daly, Clare A. Keating, Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., Macdonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, Mcallister, Jaime D., Mcauley, Rory, Meyer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Patterson, Toby A., Penaherrera-palma, Cesar, Pepperell, Julian G., Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Stevens, John D., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zarate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.

Published
2019
Full Text
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30. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Save Our Seas Foundation, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte, Xunta de Galicia, Australian Respiratory Council, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, McAuley, Rory, White, Timothy D., Block, Barbara A., Bradford, Russel W., Brooks, Annabelle, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Macena, Bruno C. L., Rogers, Paul J., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Berumen, Michael L., Hazin, Fábio H. V., Marshall, Heather, Shillinger, George, Travassos, Paulo, Barnett, Adam, Carlisle, Aaron B., Harcourt, Robert, Campana, Steven E., Fischer, G. Chris, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Brown, Judith, Doyle, Thomas K., Chapman, Demian D., Bond, Mark E., Southall, Emily J., Braun, Camrin D., Dagorn, Laurent, Richardson, Andrew J., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Bruce, Barry D., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Fowler, Mark, Chapple, Taylor K., Sheaves, Marcus, Bonfil, Ramón, Crochelet, Estelle C., Duarte, Carlos M., Brooks, Edward J., Ferreira, Luciana C., Quintero, Lina Maria, Smale, Malcolm J., Pierce, Simon J., Semmens, Jayson M., Ferretti, Francesco, Thums, Michele, Wetherbee, Bradley M., Gennari, Enrico, Forget, Fabian, Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Stehfest, Kilian M., Drew, Michael, Klimley, Peter A., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Harman, Luke, Hammerschlag, Neil, Daly, Ryan, Poisson, Francois, Filmalter, John D., Duffy, Clinton A. J., Heard, Matthew, Erikson, Thor, Zárate, Patricia M., Hussey, Nigel E., Hearn, Alex R., Soria, Marc, Samoilys, Melita, Guttridge, Tristan L., Espinoza, Eduardo, Green, Jonathan R., Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gustafson, Johan A., Hueter, Robert E., Skomal, Gregory B., Patterson, Toby A., Simpson, Samantha J., Gollock, Matthew J., Kock, Alison A., Fontes, Jorges, Guzman, Hector M., Huveneers, Charlie, Lea, James S. E., Vandeperre, Frederic, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Lana, Fernando O., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Pepperell, Julian G., Tolotti, Mariana T., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Meekan, Mark G., Nelson, Emily R., Singh, Sarika, Joyce, Warran, MacDonnell, Anna, Johnson, Ryan, McAllister, Jaime D., Ketchum, James T., Blaison, Antonin V., Holdsworth, John C., Meÿer, Michael A., Jordan, Lance K. B., Holmes, Bonnie J., Thorrold, Simon R., Howey, Lucy A., Keating Daly, Clare A., Bernal, Diego, Jorgensen, Salvador J., Ladino, Felipe, Hoyos, Hoyos, Rowat, David R. L., Sims, David W., Shivji, Mahmood, Morris, John J., Irion, David T., Llewellyn, Fiona, Arauz, Randall, Stevens, John D., Araujo, Gonzalo, Jacoby, David M. P., Tyminski, John P., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Bach, Pascal, Soler, German, Lyon, Warrick S., Rohner, Christoph A., Sousa, Lara L., Weber, Sam B., Byrne, Michael E., Afonso, Pedro, Koen, Pieter, Acuña-Marrero, David, Towner, Alison, Afonso, André S., Irigoien, Xabier, Williams, Sean, Hays, Graeme C., Snyders, Laurenne B., Clua, Eric, Anders, Darrell, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Save Our Seas Foundation, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte, Xunta de Galicia, Australian Respiratory Council, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, McAuley, Rory, White, Timothy D., Block, Barbara A., Bradford, Russel W., Brooks, Annabelle, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Macena, Bruno C. L., Rogers, Paul J., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Berumen, Michael L., Hazin, Fábio H. V., Marshall, Heather, Shillinger, George, Travassos, Paulo, Barnett, Adam, Carlisle, Aaron B., Harcourt, Robert, Campana, Steven E., Fischer, G. Chris, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Brown, Judith, Doyle, Thomas K., Chapman, Demian D., Bond, Mark E., Southall, Emily J., Braun, Camrin D., Dagorn, Laurent, Richardson, Andrew J., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Bruce, Barry D., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Fowler, Mark, Chapple, Taylor K., Sheaves, Marcus, Bonfil, Ramón, Crochelet, Estelle C., Duarte, Carlos M., Brooks, Edward J., Ferreira, Luciana C., Quintero, Lina Maria, Smale, Malcolm J., Pierce, Simon J., Semmens, Jayson M., Ferretti, Francesco, Thums, Michele, Wetherbee, Bradley M., Gennari, Enrico, Forget, Fabian, Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Stehfest, Kilian M., Drew, Michael, Klimley, Peter A., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Harman, Luke, Hammerschlag, Neil, Daly, Ryan, Poisson, Francois, Filmalter, John D., Duffy, Clinton A. J., Heard, Matthew, Erikson, Thor, Zárate, Patricia M., Hussey, Nigel E., Hearn, Alex R., Soria, Marc, Samoilys, Melita, Guttridge, Tristan L., Espinoza, Eduardo, Green, Jonathan R., Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gustafson, Johan A., Hueter, Robert E., Skomal, Gregory B., Patterson, Toby A., Simpson, Samantha J., Gollock, Matthew J., Kock, Alison A., Fontes, Jorges, Guzman, Hector M., Huveneers, Charlie, Lea, James S. E., Vandeperre, Frederic, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Lana, Fernando O., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Pepperell, Julian G., Tolotti, Mariana T., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Meekan, Mark G., Nelson, Emily R., Singh, Sarika, Joyce, Warran, MacDonnell, Anna, Johnson, Ryan, McAllister, Jaime D., Ketchum, James T., Blaison, Antonin V., Holdsworth, John C., Meÿer, Michael A., Jordan, Lance K. B., Holmes, Bonnie J., Thorrold, Simon R., Howey, Lucy A., Keating Daly, Clare A., Bernal, Diego, Jorgensen, Salvador J., Ladino, Felipe, Hoyos, Hoyos, Rowat, David R. L., Sims, David W., Shivji, Mahmood, Morris, John J., Irion, David T., Llewellyn, Fiona, Arauz, Randall, Stevens, John D., Araujo, Gonzalo, Jacoby, David M. P., Tyminski, John P., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Bach, Pascal, Soler, German, Lyon, Warrick S., Rohner, Christoph A., Sousa, Lara L., Weber, Sam B., Byrne, Michael E., Afonso, Pedro, Koen, Pieter, Acuña-Marrero, David, Towner, Alison, Afonso, André S., Irigoien, Xabier, Williams, Sean, Hays, Graeme C., Snyders, Laurenne B., Clua, Eric, Anders, Darrell, and Vaudo, Jeremy J.

Abstract

Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.

Published
2019

31. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, primary, Humphries, Nicolas E., additional, Couto, Ana, additional, Vedor, Marisa, additional, da Costa, Ivo, additional, Sequeira, Ana M. M., additional, Mucientes, Gonzalo, additional, Santos, António M., additional, Abascal, Francisco J., additional, Abercrombie, Debra L., additional, Abrantes, Katya, additional, Acuña-Marrero, David, additional, Afonso, André S., additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Anders, Darrell, additional, Araujo, Gonzalo, additional, Arauz, Randall, additional, Bach, Pascal, additional, Barnett, Adam, additional, Bernal, Diego, additional, Berumen, Michael L., additional, Bessudo Lion, Sandra, additional, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., additional, Blaison, Antonin V., additional, Block, Barbara A., additional, Bond, Mark E., additional, Bonfil, Ramón, additional, Bradford, Russell W., additional, Braun, Camrin D., additional, Brooks, Edward J., additional, Brooks, Annabelle, additional, Brown, Judith, additional, Bruce, Barry D., additional, Byrne, Michael E., additional, Campana, Steven E., additional, Carlisle, Aaron B., additional, Chapman, Demian D., additional, Chapple, Taylor K., additional, Chisholm, John, additional, Clarke, Christopher R., additional, Clua, Eric G., additional, Cochran, Jesse E. M., additional, Crochelet, Estelle C., additional, Dagorn, Laurent, additional, Daly, Ryan, additional, Cortés, Daniel Devia, additional, Doyle, Thomas K., additional, Drew, Michael, additional, Duffy, Clinton A. J., additional, Erikson, Thor, additional, Espinoza, Eduardo, additional, Ferreira, Luciana C., additional, Ferretti, Francesco, additional, Filmalter, John D., additional, Fischer, G. Chris, additional, Fitzpatrick, Richard, additional, Fontes, Jorge, additional, Forget, Fabien, additional, Fowler, Mark, additional, Francis, Malcolm P., additional, Gallagher, Austin J., additional, Gennari, Enrico, additional, Goldsworthy, Simon D., additional, Gollock, Matthew J., additional, Green, Jonathan R., additional, Gustafson, Johan A., additional, Guttridge, Tristan L., additional, Guzman, Hector M., additional, Hammerschlag, Neil, additional, Harman, Luke, additional, Hazin, Fábio H. V., additional, Heard, Matthew, additional, Hearn, Alex R., additional, Holdsworth, John C., additional, Holmes, Bonnie J., additional, Howey, Lucy A., additional, Hoyos, Mauricio, additional, Hueter, Robert E., additional, Hussey, Nigel E., additional, Huveneers, Charlie, additional, Irion, Dylan T., additional, Jacoby, David M. P., additional, Jewell, Oliver J. D., additional, Johnson, Ryan, additional, Jordan, Lance K. B., additional, Jorgensen, Salvador J., additional, Joyce, Warren, additional, Keating Daly, Clare A., additional, Ketchum, James T., additional, Klimley, A. Peter, additional, Kock, Alison A., additional, Koen, Pieter, additional, Ladino, Felipe, additional, Lana, Fernanda O., additional, Lea, James S. E., additional, Llewellyn, Fiona, additional, Lyon, Warrick S., additional, MacDonnell, Anna, additional, Macena, Bruno C. L., additional, Marshall, Heather, additional, McAllister, Jaime D., additional, McAuley, Rory, additional, Meÿer, Michael A., additional, Morris, John J., additional, Nelson, Emily R., additional, Papastamatiou, Yannis P., additional, Patterson, Toby A., additional, Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, additional, Pepperell, Julian G., additional, Pierce, Simon J., additional, Poisson, Francois, additional, Quintero, Lina Maria, additional, Richardson, Andrew J., additional, Rogers, Paul J., additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Rowat, David R. L., additional, Samoilys, Melita, additional, Semmens, Jayson M., additional, Sheaves, Marcus, additional, Shillinger, George, additional, Shivji, Mahmood, additional, Singh, Sarika, additional, Skomal, Gregory B., additional, Smale, Malcolm J., additional, Snyders, Laurenne B., additional, Soler, German, additional, Soria, Marc, additional, Stehfest, Kilian M., additional, Stevens, John D., additional, Thorrold, Simon R., additional, Tolotti, Mariana T., additional, Towner, Alison, additional, Travassos, Paulo, additional, Tyminski, John P., additional, Vandeperre, Frederic, additional, Vaudo, Jeremy J., additional, Watanabe, Yuuki Y., additional, Weber, Sam B., additional, Wetherbee, Bradley M., additional, White, Timothy D., additional, Williams, Sean, additional, Zárate, Patricia M., additional, Harcourt, Robert, additional, Hays, Graeme C., additional, Meekan, Mark G., additional, Thums, Michele, additional, Irigoien, Xabier, additional, Eguiluz, Victor M., additional, Duarte, Carlos M., additional, Sousa, Lara L., additional, Simpson, Samantha J., additional, Southall, Emily J., additional, and Sims, David W., additional

Published
2019
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43. Diel movements of out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts in the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed

Author

Chapman, Eric D., primary, Hearn, Alex R., additional, Michel, Cyril J., additional, Ammann, Arnold J., additional, Lindley, Steven T., additional, Thomas, Michael J., additional, Sandstrom, Philip T., additional, Singer, Gabriel P., additional, Peterson, Matthew L., additional, MacFarlane, R. Bruce, additional, and Klimley, A. Peter, additional

Published
2012
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44. Reproductive biology of the velvet swimming crab, Necora puber (Brachyura: Portunidae), in the Orkney Islands, UK.

Author

Hearn, Alex R.

Subjects
*ANIMAL sexual behavior, *PORTUNIDAE, *CRABS
Abstract

This study focused on the reproductive biology of the velvet swimming crab, Necora puber (L.), and its implications for managing the fishery in the Orkney Islands, UK. According to gonadal observation, 50% of the population became sexually mature at 43.8 mm carapace width (CW) for females and 52.8 mm for males. Ovigerous females were observed from January to July, with peak occurrence in spring. Clutch size (N) ranged from 5000 to 278,000 eggs, and was related to CW by the equation: N × 10 3 = 0.0026 × CW 2.5169 , displaying considerable variability, possibly due to the fringe location of the population related to its general species distribution. Reinstatement of the closed season, coinciding with the peak moulting period, is recommended. The minimum landing size is appropriate for the population in terms of sexual maturity. The common practice of discarding recently moulted and ovigerous individuals should be incorporated into the fishing regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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45. Diel use of a saltwater creek by white-tip reef sharks Triaenodon obesus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Academy Bay, Galapagos Islands.

Author

Peñiaherrera C, Hearn AR, and Kuhn A

Subjects
Animals, Ecuador, Population Dynamics, Sharks classification, Telemetry, Behavior, Animal physiology, Ecosystem, Sharks physiology
Abstract

White-tip reef sharks are common inhabitants of the shallow waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands, where several known aggregation sites have become touristic attractions. With the aim to describe site fidelity and residency patterns of the white-tip reef sharks in a saltwater creek, we used the ultrasonic telemetry method. The study was undertaken in a saltwater channel South of Academy Bay, Santa Cruz Island, from May 2008-September 2009. A total of nine transmitters were attached to sharks and ultrasonic receivers were deployed at the inner and outside areas of the creek. From the total of fitted sharks, four lost their transmitters. The results obtained with the remaining sharks showed an elevated use of the inner area of the channel during the day, with more use of the external area during the night. However, none of the sharks were detected at the site every day, suggesting that they may have a number of preferred sites within their home range. More studies are needed to detail the home range and habitat use of this species, and to guide its protection level in the Academy Bay area.

Published
2012
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