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Children and adolescents living with HIV in Africa experience poor outcomes across the HIV cascade of care. Paediatric and adolescent-friendly services are crucial to their well-being, and recent years have seen a call for urgent service improvements. While frontline health workers are responsible for these services, less attention has been given to their contextual realities, and what constitutes an enabling service delivery environment. We engaged participatory priority-setting and group discussions across twenty-four sites in twelve high HIV-burden African countries in November 2022 with 801 frontline paediatric-adolescent providers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and priority mapping. We constructed a socio-ecological model for supportive and empowering service delivery environments for frontline paediatric-adolescent HIV services. Individual-level themes related to well-being, self-care and mental health. Interpersonal themes included supportive supervision/mentorship, teamwork and acknowledgement. At the organisational level, resources, physical infrastructure and confidential spaces were included. The community level included feeling appreciated and positive stakeholder relationships. The structural level included funding, discriminatory SRHR policies and guidelines. Results provide insight into priorities, challenges and needs of frontline providers in the paediatric-adolescent HIV response. Improving the well-being of HIV-affected children and adolescents requires greater investment and attention to creating more caring, supportive environments for their frontline providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim and scope is to reveal and examine the attitudes and opinions of the students towards LGBTI+s. The study was designed in quantitative-total population sampling method with the participation of 291 students. When the results obtained from the scales are analyzed, the scores obtained from the attitude scale towards Lesbians and Gays are found 33,07±8,75 which can be evaluated as slightly above the average, indicating that the participants are closer to negative attitudes, while the scores they get from the homophobia scale to be found 80,88 ±27,30, that is below the average, indicating that they are more tolerant. The family structure of the participants show that the father has a higher education level and is working; the mother is not working (63.5%), that is, the patriarchal structure is dominant. The answer to the idea of providing to (74%) or receiving from (78%) LGBTI+s was "wouldn't be a problem" to a large extent. It has been observed that there is no gender-based discrimination in attitudes towards homosexuality, homosexuality between men and women is considered equally (73%). When the homophobia scale is evaluated, it is noteworthy that the tolerance of individuals towards themselves or their families has decreased. So much so that about 62% of the participants were angry or bored at receiving sexual attention from their own gender and 22% were proud. In order to establish a positive relationship, health personnel must have the ability and competence to establish an accepting and respectful relationship. In this context, it would be useful to emphasize the necessity of continuing to include courses emphasizing cis-heteronormative cultural and social structure in the curriculum of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: La gripe es una amenaza constante que en ocasiones puede producir cuadros clínicos graves. Las mayores tasas de incidencia por grupos de edad ocurren en los menores de 15 años, especialmente en los menores de 5 años, en los que además las tasas de hospitalización son similares a las de las personas de 65 años en adelante. Además, los niños son los principales vectores de transmisión de la enfermedad. En España están autorizadas cinco vacunas antigripales en la edad pediátrica: tres inactivadas tetravalentes procedentes de cultivos en huevos embrionados, una inactivada tetravalente procedente de cultivos celulares, y una atenuada tetravalente de administración intranasal, que para la temporada 2024-2025 pasará a ser trivalente, al no incluir el linaje B Yamagata, como recomienda la OMS. El CAV-AEP recomienda la vacunación sistemática en: niños de 6 a 59 meses, niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a grupos de riesgo, personas que puedan transmitir la gripe a los grupos que tienen riesgo de gripe complicada, y convivientes o entorno familiar de menores de 6 meses. A partir de los 2 años de edad se recomienda preferentemente la vacuna atenuada intranasal por su mayor aceptabilidad y por facilitar la mejora de las coberturas. El CAV-AEP considera también que la vacunación antigripal de niños y adolescentes de 5-18 años sanos es una medida recomendable, por cuanto les proporciona protección individual y favorece la protección familiar y comunitaria. Es especialmente importante la vacunación antigripal de todos los profesionales sanitarios y la vacunación de las gestantes en cualquier momento del embarazo. Abstract: The flu is a constant threat that can sometimes cause severe forms of disease. The highest incidence rates by age group occur in children under 15 years of age, especially in those under 5 years, in whom the rate of hospitalization is also similar to the population aged 65 years and older. In addition, children are the main transmitters of the infection. In Spain, five influenza vaccines are authorized for the paediatric age group: three inactivated tetravalent vaccines harvested from fertilised eggs, one tetravalent inactivated vaccine obtained from cell cultures, and one attenuated tetravalent vaccine for intranasal administration, which will become trivalent in the 2024-2025 season by excluding the B Yamagata lineage as recommended by the WHO. The CAV-AEP recommends systematic vaccination in children aged 6 to 59 months, children and adolescents belonging to risk groups, people who can transmit the flu to groups at risk of complicated flu, and household contacts or close family of infants under 6 months. From 2 years of age, the intranasal attenuated vaccine is preferred due to its greater acceptability and thus contribution to greater vaccination coverage. The CAV-AEP also considers that vaccination against influenza of healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years is advisable, as it provides individual protection and promotes protection at the family and community levels. It is especially important to vaccinate all health care professionals against influenza as well as pregnant women at any time during the pregnancy.

Introduction Methods Results Discussion and Conclusions The negative attitudes people hold towards those who use alcohol or other drugs (AOD) can also affect the people who work with this community, leading to lowered productivity and wellbeing. The impact of this stigma by association in the AOD and harm reduction sector is particularly significant because workers may have lived experience of AOD use and identify strongly with their client group. This study aimed to examine how stigma by association among health workers in the AOD/harm reduction sector relates to workplace outcomes. A secondary aim was to explore how lived experience influences experiences of stigma by association.The research used a cross‐sectional survey design and data collection occurred in 2023. Australian AOD/harm reduction workers (n = 228) completed an online survey assessing stigma by association as well as various workplace outcomes measures.Participants who reported experiencing more stigma by association experienced poorer workplace wellbeing, higher burnout and greater intentions to leave the AOD/harm reduction field. Experiences of stigma by association were unrelated to job satisfaction. Additional analyses revealed that participants with lived experience reported higher levels of job satisfaction and lowered intentions to leave the sector, but findings of stigma by association and its impacts on workplace outcomes did not differ from those without lived experience.Identifying staff experiences of stigma by association and developing support and advocacy mechanisms to address this is likely to be key to reducing these experiences and ultimately to increasing positive workplace outcomes for AOD and harm reduction staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare professionals working on the front lines fighting COVID-19 have been particularly affected by psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, stress and vicarious trauma. As a result, health professionals needed to be heard and supported by the public health system, and by being welcomed it is possible to help them deal with the crisis in a healthy and constructive way. For these reasons, the study has the following objective: Discuss the mental health of health workers in the process of coping after the COVID-19 pandemic. We were able to conclude that the mental health of post-pandemic health workers is a very important object of study and that it requires a lot of attention and relevance, as these workers were the ones who suffered the greatest impact in terms of mental health, as they are the line front and play an essential role in combating the infectious disease, which escalated to pandemic levels and with its very long duration brought them several problems that they had to face during and after the pandemic that affected their quality of life, their performance professional and causing a crisis in the mental health of these professionals. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of healthcare workers around the world. These professionals faced unique challenges and stressors related to the outbreak, including intense workloads, concerns about their safety, exposure to emotionally difficult situations, and the fear of transmitting the virus to their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abant Journal of Cultural Studies is the property of Abant Journal of Cultural Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Gelisim Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The knowledge of health workers will affect their skills in carrying out the quality of medical records. The development of knowledge is so fast that health workers will quickly fall behind if they do not take advantage of various things to update the latest developments. The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge of health workers about the use of electronic medical records (EMR). Methods: This study used a literature review design with a qualitative approach to the data obtained in the form of literature review study data collection. Researchers collected 15 articles or scientific journals that have been published to analyze the knowledge of health workers in using EMR. Results: The percentage of health workers who knew about the use of EMR was more than 50% in 10 articles and less than 50% in 5 articles. Conclusion: The percentage of health workers who know about the use of EMR is relatively high. The level of knowledge is still low due to the lack of training and computer skills for officers and the lack of understanding by officers regarding the benefits of EMR for health facilities.

BackgroundDespite established vaccination programs, vaccine-preventable diseases persist among about 900,000 Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN)/Rohingya refugees in the world's largest refugee settlement in Bangladesh. Health service providers (HSPs) play a key role in the delivery of childhood vaccination programs. This study explored their views on individual and context barriers and drivers to childhood vaccination in this setting.MethodsInformed by the theoretical framework of the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model for behavior change, this qualitative study collected data through eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with community health workers (CHWs) and vaccinators in selected camps with high or low vaccination coverage rates, and through 11 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with key informants working in strategic, management, and administrative roles.FindingsBarriers and drivers were evident across all COM factors for HSPs and caregivers. Among HSPs, knowledge around vaccination acted both as a barrier and driver, while communication skills and confidence in vaccination served as drivers. Caregivers' lack of awareness of vaccination, concerns and mistrust were described as main barriers. Context barriers included information system deficiencies, family dynamics, HSPs' working conditions, and vaccination site accessibility. Context drivers included effective communication, mobilization, and incentives. Differences between high and low coverage camps in Cox's Bazar included variations in HSPs' knowledge, communication strategies, incentive use, and stakeholder collaboration.DiscussionFor better vaccination coverage in the camps, context-related changes regarding collaboration, health workforce and the use of incentives seem necessary. Caregivers' mistrust toward vaccination needs to be considered under the social and historical background of the Rohingya community, and further addressed with targeted communication and campaigning.

In the paper, the authors focus on the analysis of the objective aspect of the crime of homicide and culpable bodily harm with an emphasis on the caused consequence. In addition to the traditional approaches to the interpretation of relevant concepts, they focus their attention on interpretative problems occurring in application practice, while also pointing out possible ways of solving them. Finally, special attention is paid to the process of imputation of special qualifying terms (circumstances conditioning the application of a higher penalty rate), the authors point out the need to avoid application duality in the process of imputation of these features, i.e. to proceed in accordance with the substantive line of the ne bis in idem principle.

Background ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activists) are an essential connection between the community and health care providers, these guidelines were established by The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. An ASHA worker’s level of job satisfaction is influenced by societal, cultural, and economic factors. An ASHA worker who does not receive a sufficient salary will find it difficult to support their family. The ASHA employee is not at all satisfied with this issue. In earlier research investigations, ASHAs voiced unhappiness with the incentives and expectations of greater or regular income. Objectives To assess the job satisfaction of the ASHA workers in the selected area of Nagpur, Maharashtra and find the association between levels of job satisfaction with selected variables. Methods The sample for the study will be conducted by using Multistage Random sampling techniques. Data will be collected by using semi- questionnaires. All responses from the questionnaires will be collated in a Microsoft Excel file, encoded, and processed using chi squared test and SPSS version 26.

Background Emigration of health workers has emerged as a significant obstacle in Iran, compelling policymakers to implement a diverse range of interventions and reforms to enhance healthcare services. It is imperative to comprehend the efficacy of emigration control interventions. To explore the intricate dynamics of elite emigration, this study employs a system dynamics modeling approach. The objective is to scrutinize Iranian health workers’ emigration, examine the relationships, and evaluate the impact of various factors involved. Objectives The general purpose of this study is to analyze the policy interventions affecting the emigration of human resources in the field of health in Iran based on the system’s dynamic approach. Method The research consists of four phases including analyzing the emigration status of health workers in developing countries, studying health personnel emigration in Iran, developing a System Dynamics (SD) model, and determining evidence-based policy interventions to address health worker emigration. These phases involve realist review, document analysis, qualitative interviews, data integration, and policy scenario planning. The primary objective is to gain a profound understanding of the underlying causes, mechanisms, and consequences of migration, as well as assess the impact of policies, in order to prioritize effective interventions. Results It seems that the SD model developed in this study can highlight the interconnectedness of various factors that influence health worker emigration, including demographic changes, economic conditions, and characteristics of healthcare systems. Conclusion This study uses a systems dynamics approach to analyze health worker emigration from Iran, focusing on policies that promote retention and explore the implications of emigration on the healthcare system. By examining interrelationships and feedback loops within the healthcare system and socioeconomic factors, the study aims to identify effective policy interventions that can mitigate the negative effects of emigration.

• This study investigated perceptions of challenges for patients and health care workers (HCW) in dealing with preeclampsia in Blantyre, Malawi using a validated indepth interview guide. • From a patient's perspective, psychological stress, inadequate information, physical symptoms, and delay in receiving care were the challenges associated with managing their preeclampsia. Late diagnosis, inadequate skills, staff burn out, inadequate resources both at QECH and referring sites were the identified by HCW. • Engaging women in their care, providing sufficient information and timely intervention could reduce the psychological burden of preeclampsia on mothers, and improve clinical outcomes Supplying sufficient resources in primary health centres as well as secondary level of care for t women screened to be at risk of preeclampsia would improve maternal outcomes. • Lastly, addressing patients and health worker challenges provides a golden opportunity to improve comprehensive ANC for pregnant women. This study investigated perceptions of the challenges for patients and health care workers (HCW) in dealing with preeclampsia in Blantyre, Malawi. A descriptive cross-sectional formative study using semi-structured In-Depth Interviews (IDI) was conducted at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi. Data was analyzed using NVIVO™ software. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze and interpret the findings. Emerging themes were then developed inductively and deductively. Patients were interviewed who recently had preeclampsia. Stress, lack of information, physical symptoms, delay in receiving care were identified challenges to better care among patients as well as the impact of poor pregnancy outcomes. Late diagnosis, staff burn out, inadequate skills and lack of resources were expressed as challenge to provide better management by the interviewed HCWs. Our study showed that a diagnosis of preeclampsia is challenging to both patients and HCWs. These challenges need to be addressed carefully at all levels for optimal management of preeclampsia in Malawi, Africa and in order to improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Health workers who got vaccinated were more likely to recommend vaccination. • Health workers' recommendation increased the vaccination of NCD patients. • Health workers' vaccination and recommendation promoted NCD patients' vaccination. Influenza vaccination coverage is low among persons with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in China. Chinese health workers (HWs) do not routinely recommend influenza vaccination despite evidence that recommendations increase vaccine uptake. This study aims to assess whether interventions increased primary care HWs' recommendation for influenza vaccination and measure their impact on influenza vaccine uptake in persons with NCDs. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled study in public primary healthcare clinics in Hubei from November 2018 through April 2019. In the intervention clinics, primary care HWs received training on the benefits of influenza vaccination and were asked to recommend influenza vaccine in routine primary healthcare for persons with NCDs. In the control clinics, primary care HWs did not receive training and provided standard services. We conducted questionnaire surveys before and after the intervention to collect information about recommendations made and receipt of influenza vaccines. A total of 896 primary care HWs and 4552 persons with NCDs were included. After intervention, a higher percentage of HWs recommended influenza vaccines in intervention clinics compared to control clinics. Vaccinated primary care HWs were more likely to recommend vaccination. Persons with NCDs reported higher influenza vaccination coverage in intervention than control clinics, and primary care HWs' recommendation increased vaccination uptake among persons with NCDs. Vaccinated primary care HWs were more likely to recommend influenza vaccination than unvaccinated HWs. Promoting primary care HWs' vaccination and encouraging them to recommend influenza vaccination during routine primary healthcare could increase influenza vaccine receipt among persons with NCDs. Registration number ChiCTR2200067140. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covid-19 pandemic is a recent health crisis worldwide. Stress in health workers concerns their crucial role in providing health care in the referral hospital for Covid-19. The stressors were sourced from work settings but also combined with a higher risk of infecting others in daily interactions. One of the effective buffers for stress is understanding emotions in oneself and others, formulated as emotional intelligence. However, little to no evidence of emotional intelligence prevents stress among health workers in health crisis settings. This study examined the association between emotional intelligence and stress among health workers working in referral hospitals for Covid-19. A quantitative design using simple random sampling to select six hospitals participated in this study. Ninety-two health workers completed two questionnaires between December 2021 and March 2022, including Schutte Emotional Intelligence (SEIS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). A simple linear regression analysis was applied, and the results showed no significant association of emotional intelligence toward general stress levels among health workers in the referral hospital for Covid-19. Health workers may have mediating or moderating socio-cognitive factors to cope with stress in health crises, such as self-esteem, self-compassion, and social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The devastating Covid-19 pandemic forced health workers to adapt quickly to uncertain circumstances, increasing moral burden, excessive workload, and limited rest time. Many adversities in the hospital setting may increase stress levels due to prolonged and uncertain pandemics. Coworker support and self-compassion are two protective factors that may help health workers to manage stress during the pandemic. This study examined the contribution of coworker support and self-compassion to stress among health workers during the pandemic. A quantitative correlational study using simple random sampling to select samples from a list of referral hospitals for Covid-19 in the Malang area. One hundred seventeen health workers from six randomly selected referral hospitals for Covid-19 completed three instruments: the stress subscale of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), Coworker Support Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale (SWD) adapted to the Indonesian population. The linear regression showed that only self-compassion predicted stress levels among health workers. In contrast, coworker support and self-compassion did not contribute simultaneously to the stress levels of health workers during the pandemic. Therefore, maintaining self-compassion is vital to coping with stress while providing adequate health care during health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospitals, as providers of health services for the community, must be able to maintain the quality of services provided, one of which is by providing safety and comfort guarantees to officers from infectious diseases and other hazardous substances with policies regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and conducting evaluations from the behavior of officers when using PPE. Many factors affect the compliance of officers in the use of PPE. This research analyzed the factors influencing officers' compliance with PPE. Method: This study used a literature review method. Articles were collected from the online database of Pubmed, Sage, and SpingerOpen from 2012 to 2023. Using the keywords “compliance,” “health workers," and "personal protection equipment." Two hundred thirty-eight articles were obtained and filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 16 articles were included in the analysis. Results: Internal factors that affect the compliance of officers in the use of PPE include age, years of service, knowledge, attitudes, and motivation, while external factors that influence compliance are facilities, training, and supervision carried out by management Conclusion: To increase officer compliance, it is necessary to have supervision and support from management, such as facilities, ease of access, and conducting training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Observance of food hygiene is considered an important principle to prevent humans from contracting diseases and also to protect the environment from contamination. Health workers are on the front line forces of the health system. Therefore, promoting the health of health workers has an important role in promoting community health. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of food hygiene based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in health workers in Urmia. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 300 health workers in rural health centers of Urmia city were selected and entered into the study by census method based on inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included 3 parts: demographic characteristics, knowledge questionnaire, attitude and behavior, and health belief model questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using interviews. Results: The mean age of the workers was 36.76±7.61 year. The attitude and behavior of observing food hygiene had a statistically significant relationship with work experience, knowledge, attitude, gender, marital status, and level of education (P

Introduction and Objectives: Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from healthcare workers is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections globally. There is a significant burden of nosocomial MRSA infections in low and low-middle income countries (LMICs), including Nepal. The present study investigated the rate of nasal carriage of MRSA among the healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital, in Kathmandu, Nepal with emphasis on inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB) resistance. Material and method: The study was conducted at Star Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal, from September 2022 to November 2022. Healthcare workers (HCWs) working at the diffeerent departments of the hospital were enrolled. Nasal swabs from both anterior nares of HCWs were collected aseptically and cultured on Mannitol Salt agar. S. aureus was identified by Gram stain and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus was performed by disc diffusion method. MRSA isolates were detected phenotypically by disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc (30 µg), and inducible clindamycin resistance was detected phenotypically by the D-zone test. Results: Total 105 HCWs were enrolled in the study. Out of 105 HCWs, 14 (13.3%) were positive for S. aureus among which 6 (5.7%) were MRSA carriers. The nasal carriage of MRSA was highest among doctors (16.7%) and the HCWs of the post-operative department (14.3%). All the isolated MRSA were susceptible to chloramphenicol and vancomycin. Inducible MLSB resistance was detected in 33.3% MRSA while the rate was 21.4% in all isolated S. aureus. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that HCWs could be the potential source of nosocomial infection by methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistant S. aureus. Thus, preventive measures should be initiated to mitigate the risk of its spread and the test for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance should be incorporated into the routine antibiotic susceptibility testing in hospital settings. IMC J Med Sci. 2024; 18(1):005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.005 *Correspondence: Gaurab Pandey, Non-Communicable Disease Laboratory, National Public Health Laboratory, Teku, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal; E-mail: pandeygaurab67@gmail.com

Although there are studies on personality and organizational cynicism in the literature, it is seen that both concepts have started to gain importance in the field of health in recent years, but the number and level of researches are not sufficient. The aim of our research is to reveal the levels of personal cynicism and organizational cynicism of healthcare workers by reviewing the literature on cynicism and organizational cynicism, discussions about the concept and definitions made by other researchers. In addition, it is aimed to reveal the relationship between demographic data to be obtained and cynicism levels. A positive correlation was found between personality cynicism and organizational cynicism (r: 0.411). In addition, correlations were found between cognitive cynicism and personality cynicism (r: 0.415), between affective cynicism and personality cynicism (r: 0.367) and between behavioral cynicism and personality cynicism (r: 0.327) (p<0.01). It was found that organizational cynicism positively affected personality cynicism (β:0,411; p<0,01). A significant difference was found between demographic variables and personality and organizational cynicism in age and educational status variables (p<0.01). When the professional variables are examined, it is seen that there is a significant difference between the organizational cynicism levels and the working time, professional experience, being satisfied with the job, the department and service classes of the health workers, while there is a significant difference between the personality cynicism levels only between the variable of being satisfied with the job (p<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artuklu Health is the property of Mardin Artuklu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is thought that healthcare workers are most exposed to musculoskeletal disorders. However, there are limited studies in the literature examining the musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine musculoskeletal problems and psychological disorders in healthcare personnel working at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to come up with solutions for rehabilitation. METHODS: The Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (CMDQ) was used to assess musculoskeletal problems in the past week. Additionally, Beck depression inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate the psychological state of the participants. Questions on demographic characteristics, habits, the presence and localisation of musculoskeletal system (MSS) diseases, severity and duration of pain, chronic diseases, trauma history and working conditions were included in the questionnaire prepared by the researchers. RESULTS: The study included 74 nurses, 42 residents, 26 specialists, 24 technicians, 16 dentists, 12 physiotherapists, and 26 other allied health personnel. Dentists had the highest total CMDQ score (160.73) whereas resident doctors had the lowest total CMDQ score (98.33). Low back, neck and back pain were the most common MSS problems. BDI was highest in nurses and 70.27% of the nurses were women. The total workplace ergonomics score was found to be 25.91%, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was highest in nurses (6.72). CONCLUSIONS: While MSS pain is concentrated on the waist, neck and back regions in all healthcare workers. We concluded that the uncertainty associated with the pandemic, delay in preventive measures such as vaccination and medication, rapid and strong transmission of the disease and increasing number of deaths have led to an increase in stress, depression and burnout among healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Observance of food hygiene is considered an important principle to prevent humans from contracting diseases and also to protect the environment from contamination. Health workers are on the front line forces of the health system. Therefore, promoting the health of health workers has an important role in promoting community health. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of food hygiene based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in health workers in Urmia. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 300 health workers in rural health centers of Urmia city were selected and entered into the study by census method based on inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included 3 parts: demographic characteristics, knowledge questionnaire, attitude and behavior, and health belief model questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using interviews. Results: The mean age of the workers was 36.76±7.61 year. The attitude and behavior of observing food hygiene had a statistically significant relationship with work experience, knowledge, attitude, gender, marital status, and level of education (P<0.05). Based on linear regression test, in all studied constructs, 30% of the variance of food hygiene behavior was explained. The predictive power of perceived efficiency was higher than other constructs (β=0.45). Conclusion: In designing educational interventions, the variables of self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, and perceived sensitivity should be emphasized as the most important predictors of food hygiene behaviors in health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an original article that addresses the healthcare workforce (HW) in Brazil, as well as comorbidities and mental health changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and collected data through an online questionnaires from a total of 36,612 participants, health professionals (HP, with higher education level), and invisible healthcare workers (IHW, with a technical mid-level education). The overall prevalence of comorbidities in Brazil was 26.1% and 23.9%; the highest was arterial hypertension (27.4% and 31.9%), followed by obesity (18.4% and 15.1%), chronic respiratory diseases (15.7% and 12.9%), diabetes mellitus (10.3% and 10.4%), and depression/anxiety (9.1% and 11.7%), in the HW and IHW, respectively. The region with the highest frequency was the southeast, where the largest contingent of workers is located. The HW, affected with a high burden of non-communicable chronic diseases and exposed to SARS-CoV-2, proved to be vulnerable to illness and death. Mental symptoms and intense psychological suffering have been reported. These results allow us to estimate the impacts upon physical and mental health, as well as upon living and working conditions of the HW. The health and life of workers, leading role in facing health challenges of the pandemic, are a high priority in public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about violence against nurses and other medical personnel have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as of yet, limited systematic knowledge of such violence is available. Addressing this gap, we analyse the geographical distribution of, motivations behind, and contexts of collective attacks against health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we systematically recorded and coded attack events worldwide from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. We identify high-risk countries, attack characteristics, and the socio-economic contexts in which attacks tend to occur. Our results show that opposition against public health measures (28.5%), fears of infection (22.3%), and supposed lack of care (20.6%) were the most common reasons for attacks. Most attacks occurred in facilities (often related to a supposed lack of care) or while health workers were on duty in a public place (often due to opposition to public health measures). However, 17.9% of all attacks took place in off-duty settings. Democratic countries with high vaccination rates and strong health systems were relatively safe for nurses and doctors. Distrust in the skills of health workers and the science underlying health interventions is a major driver of collective attack risks and should be addressed before it turns violent. This study was not registered.

Abstract Background Employed mothers have lower rates of breastfeeding, including health workers who are supposed to be advocates for breastfeeding. These working mothers need a supportive workplace environment to breastfeed, yet Ghana’s breastfeeding policy neither mentions the workplace breastfeeding environment nor offers any information on it. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used in this study to determine: facilities with a complete breastfeeding support environment (BFSE); breastfeeding challenges experienced; coping strategies and motivators for breastfeeding among health workers in the Upper East Region of Ghana; and Management’s awareness of the need for an institutional breastfeeding support policy. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis respectively. The research was conducted from January to April 2020. Results All facilities (39) had incomplete BFSE and management representatives of health facilities (39) did not have and were not aware that their respective facilities needed to have a specific workplace breastfeeding policy that fed into the national policy agenda. Breastfeeding challenges at workplaces included: lack of private space for breastfeeding; inadequate support from co-workers and management; emotional stress; and inadequate breastfeeding breaks and work options. Women adapted to these challenges by employing coping strategies such as: bringing children to work with / without caretakers; leaving children at home; seeking support from co-workers and family members; feeding children with supplementary foods; adding annual leave to maternity leave; breastfeeding in cars / offices; and sending children to daycare. Interestingly, the women were still motivated to breastfeed. Health benefits of breastmilk, the convenience and readily available nature of breastmilk, moral obligation to breastfeed, and cheap cost of breastmilk emerged as key motivators to breastfeed. Conclusion Our findings suggest that health workers have poor BFSE and are faced with numerous breastfeeding challenges. There is a need for programs that improve BFSE in health facilities.

Introduction: Herd immunity through vaccination is one of the major strategies for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are still doubts about vaccines among health workers. Aims: This study aims to assess the relationship between knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine and the attitudes of health workers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which involves the distribution of a validated online questionnaire through Google Forms to health workers at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh. The data consist of general characteristics, 13 questions regarding knowledge, and nine inquiries related to attitudes. Results: There were 301 respondents, of which 87.4% were females and 48.8% were nurses. Only 27.9% of the health workers have a history of COVID-19 courses, 67.8% have good knowledge about the vaccine, and 70.8% with a positive attitude. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge of the vaccine and health workers' attitudes. Furthermore, gender, age, education level, and training history did not affect the knowledge of vaccination, while profession was the main influential factor. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a relationship between knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine and health workers' attitudes. However, stakeholders must always focus on strategies that can increase understanding and practice of disease prevention Keywords: attitude, COVID-19 vaccine, knowledge, health workers

Inge Dhamanti,1– 3 Ni Njoman Juliasih,4 I Nyoman Semita,5 Nasriah Zakaria,6,7 How-Ran Guo,8 Vina Sholikhah2 1Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 2Center for Patient Safety Research, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 3School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; 4Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; 5Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia; 6College of Applied Science, Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Ehealth Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 8Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanCorrespondence: Inge Dhamanti, Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia, Tel +628 2336099800, Email inge-d@fkm.unair.ac.idPurpose: This study examined how health staff in Indonesian hospitals perceived open disclosure of patient safety incidents (PSIs).Patients and Methods: This study employed a mixed method explanatory sequential approach. We surveyed 262 health workers and interviewed 12 health workers. Descriptive statistical (frequency distributions and summary measures) analysis was performed to assess the distributions of variables using SPSS. We used thematic analysis for the qualitative data analysis.Results: We discovered a good level of open disclosure practice, open disclosure system, attitude toward open disclosure and process, open disclosure according to the level of harm resulting from PSIs in the quantitative phase. The qualitative phase revealed that most participants were confused about the difference between incident reporting and incident disclosure. Furthermore, the quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that major errors or adverse events should be disclosed. The contradictory findings may be due to a lack of awareness of incident disclosure. The important factors in disclosing the incident are effective communication, type of incident, and patient and family characteristics.Conclusion: Open disclosure is novel for Indonesian health professionals. A good open disclosure system in hospitals could address several issues such as lack of knowledge, lack of policy support, lack of training, and lack of policy. To limit the negative implications of disclosing situations, the government should develop supportive policies at the national level and organize many initiatives at the hospital level.Keywords: open disclosure, patient safety incident, health worker, patient safety

Aim: This research was carried out to determine the reasons for migration and the life satisfaction of health workers who migrated from Turkey to the UK. Method: The sample of the descriptive study consisted of 128 health workers who immigrated from Turkey to the UK. The research data were collected using the Sociodemographic Data Collection Form and the Life Satisfaction Scale. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation) and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. A P value of

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of organizational support on the relationships between servant leadership behaviors, burnout and compassion fatigue. The study sample consists of 392 employees in public health facilities in Konya region. The data of the research were collected online via using a questionnaire form. Study findings; A positive relationship between servant leadership and organizational support perception reveals a negative relationship between burnout and compassion fatigue. In addition, in the analyzes conducted for the mediating effect, it was determined that the perception of organizational support has a mediating role on the relations between servant leadership and burnout, servant leadership and compassion fatigue. The results of this study has a potential contribution to both the theoretical and the practical applications of managers in the management field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a substantial threat to global health. Particularly, healthcare professionals, due to their exposure to blood and blood-derived products, are at an elevated risk of HBV infection. This research aimed to delineate the sero-prevalence of HBV markers (HBsAg and Anti-HBs) and identify associated risk factors among staff in the operating rooms and laboratories of Turgut Özal Medical Center. Material and Method We collated the HBsAg and Anti-HBs serological outcomes for 180 medical personnel from the afore mentioned departments during 2017. Data, encompassing demographics and potential risk factors (e.g., duration of employment, familial HBV history, blood transfusions), were procured through structured interviews. Subsequent statistical analyses were conducted utilizing the SPSS 18 software. Results A total of 180 healthcare professionals were evaluated. Of these, 81 (45%) were male and 99 (55%) were female. The average age for males was 34.5±7.8, while for females it was 35.3±6.5. Among the participants, 71 (39.7%) were nurses, 57 (31.8%) were anesthesia technicians, 35 (19.6%) were biologists/chemists, and 16 (8.9%) were administrative staff. Only 3 participants tested positive for HBsAg, hence the statistical relationship was evaluated between the variables of the participants and the presence of Anti-HBs positivity (immunity). A statistically significant relationship (p=0.048) was only found between Anti-HBs positivity (n=152, 85.4%) and the department in which they worked. Conclusion The rate of Anti-HBs positivity among the workers was 85.4%. There was a statistically significant relationship between HBs antibody positivity and the department in which they worked. This was attributed to a higher immunity rate among laboratory workers. Healthcare professionals at risk for HBV should be screened, and those not immune to HBV should be vaccinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper explains the increase in honorary or contract personnel to support the performance of civil servants, especially in the context of public services in local governments. Public services are closely related to the community, and contract labor plays an important role in realizing maximum service. The focus of this research is on the implementation of employment contracts and legal protection for health workers at the Palembang City Health Office. This research uses normative research methods with a focus on regulations and written legal materials. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation, involving data collection through documents related to research problems. The document includes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis is carried out in depth and comprehensively with an analytical descriptive approach to answer problems in research. The analysis is carried out by considering the variation of data and the basic nature of the data that is not easily quantified, as well as thorough and holistic. The results showed that the work implementation agreement at the Padang Tuesday Health Center was a form of a certain time work agreement, with valid regulations and conditions based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code. However, the laws and regulations on which the legal basis for the appointment of contract workers do not specifically address the legal rights and protections for contract workers, indicating that there are loopholes that must be addressed.

This study analyzes work stress in health workers during the pandemic. The term "stress" comes from scientific research materials, where the phenomenon was defined as the cause of the effects of external forces, mainly of a physical nature, which is considered to act as material stimuli and are used as a definition of the corresponding impacts on the individual. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the rise of work stress among health workers. In the study, quantitative method was adopted. The participants were composed of 100 health workers. The data were collected via the stress scale (Rosado, 2012) The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the prevalence of symptom severity was scored. The results revealed that the prevalence of stress among health workers was high during the covid 19 pandemic and the stress symptoms were higher in females than in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After a history of exposure to the suspected material and a thorough physical examination, the diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is commonly suspected. During the initial consultation, essential information involving the above is frequently neglected. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of OCD cases in health workers and analyze the factors that influence OCD cases in health workers at the isolation ward of Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample selection was done through purposive sampling. Accessible population that met the inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria were included as research samples. The target population was healthcare workers in the Special Isolation Ward of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. The accessible population was healthcare workers who performed hand hygiene activities and used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the Special Isolation Ward of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. The research subjects were healthcare workers who worked in the Special Isolation Ward. Result: The research results showed a strong and significant correlation between atopic history and the occurrence of contact dermatitis due to poor skin barrier function and decreased tolerance. The study also found that there was no significant correlation between atopic history and the severity level of OCD. There was a significant difference in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values in the lesion and non-lesion areas, both on the palmar and dorsal aspects of the hand. Moisturizer is an important component in managing hand dermatitis as it can repair and maintain the skin's protective barrier. Conclusion:

Background: Healthcare workers caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at high risk of contracting the infection. This study is designated in imam Reza hospital in Mashhad, which is the largest hospital in east Iran, to determine COVID-19 cases characteristics among healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional, single-center study in Imam Reza hospital in Iran, we enrolled confirmed healthcare workers with COVID-19 who worked at the forefront to fight against COVID-19 since its outbreak 2020. Demographic characteristics and work status and disease symptoms were studied in the affected personnel. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software. The chi square test was used to investigate the relationship between the variables. Results: In total, out of 2195 people working in the two departments, 154 (7.01%) had coronary heart disease. most of HCWs who were infected to covid19 were nurse (60%) and women (65%) and the lowest has been observed in para clinical staff (1%). There was no significant difference between the use of personal protective equipment and disease in the general department (GD) and high-risk department (HRD). It was indicated that the HRD group had a higher risk of developing COVID-19 compared with the GD group. Common symptoms were Sweating (91.1%), fever (84.93%), Cough (79.31%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (78.77%). Conclusion: Results have found that Sweating and fever are common in HCWs with COVID-19. Also HCWs worked in HRD had a higher risk of COVID-19. However, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Abstract Background This systematic review and meta-analysis identified early evidence quantifying the disruption to the education of health workers by the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuing policy responses and their outcomes. Methods Following a pre-registered protocol and PRISMA/AMSTAR-2 guidelines, we systematically screened MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar from January 2020 to July 2022. We pooled proportion estimates via random-effects meta-analyses and explored subgroup differences by gender, occupational group, training stage, WHO regions/continents, and study end-year. We assessed risk of bias (Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies, RοB2 for randomized controlled trials [RCT]) and rated evidence certainty using GRADE. Results Of the 171 489 publications screened, 2 249 were eligible, incorporating 2 212 observational studies and 37 RCTs, representing feedback from 1 109 818 learners and 22 204 faculty. The sample mostly consisted of undergraduates, medical doctors, and studies from institutions in Asia. Perceived training disruption was estimated at 71.1% (95% confidence interval 67.9–74.2) and learner redeployment at 29.2% (25.3–33.2). About one in three learners screened positive for anxiety (32.3%, 28.5–36.2), depression (32.0%, 27.9–36.2), burnout (38.8%, 33.4–44.3) or insomnia (30.9%, 20.8–41.9). Policy responses included shifting to online learning, innovations in assessment, COVID-19-specific courses, volunteerism, and measures for learner safety. For outcomes of policy responses, most of the literature related to perceptions and preferences. More than two-thirds of learners (75.9%, 74.2–77.7) were satisfied with online learning (postgraduates more than undergraduates), while faculty satisfaction rate was slightly lower (71.8%, 66.7–76.7). Learners preferred an in-person component: blended learning 56.0% (51.2–60.7), face-to-face 48.8% (45.4–52.1), and online-only 32.0% (29.3–34.8). They supported continuation of the virtual format as part of a blended system (68.1%, 64.6–71.5). Subgroup differences provided valuable insights despite not resolving the considerable heterogeneity. All outcomes were assessed as very-low-certainty evidence. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted health worker education, inflicting a substantial mental health burden on learners. Its impacts on career choices, volunteerism, pedagogical approaches and mental health of learners have implications for educational design, measures to protect and support learners, faculty and health workers, and workforce planning. Online learning may achieve learner satisfaction as part of a short-term solution or integrated into a blended model in the post-pandemic future.

Work place violence against health care workers has happened in all over the world and begun to be a global phenomenone. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, violence against health care workers increase rapidly. This was caused by many factors and unfortunately, health care workers feel helpless when this happened. Therefore, legal protection towards health care workers in case of work place violance is needed. In Indonesia legal system, there are some law and regulations that regulated protection of health care workers. Health care workers basically will be protected by law when they carry on their duty and any violence that was made toward them during their work can be prosecuted. Beside of protection by the law, both of Government and Health Institution need to make a prevention scheme to decrease work place violance toward health care workers.

Background: In 2015, a Brisbane tertiary hospital's cardiac unit implemented a new model of multidisciplinary care (Better Cardiac Care (BCC)) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients. Since then, clinical indicators for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiac patients have improved, but the recipients' voices have not been heard. This research aimed to determine the acceptability and appropriateness, features of value, and opportunities for improvements in this model of care, from the perspective of patients and their family members. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study employed a narrative methodology. BCC Health Workers contacted prospective participants; with consent, interested individuals were then contacted by the Aboriginal Research Officer (RO) who arranged yarning sessions and consent. Family members were also invited to share their stories of their loved ones' hospitalisation. Two researchers conducted the interviews, using a yarning approach. Inductive narrative analysis, informed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of Being, Knowing, and Doing, focused on enabling participants' stories to be heard and understood from their perspectives. Results: Relationality was at the heart of the BCC model of care, particularly between patients and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff. The relationality included a responsibility for holistic care, extending beyond hospital discharge, although support and handover for family members required improvement. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff understood the contextual and structural challenges faced by participants, including the disempowerment and racism experienced in healthcare. This understanding was shared with the BCC team who, in turn, protected, advocated for, and holistically supported participants through their cardiac health journeys. Conclusions: Empowering (and employing) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff, and relating to patients as people, enabled BCC to meet Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patient's needs and improve outcomes. The wider health system and health academia could benefit from exploring and valuing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander discourses of relationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Employed mothers have lower rates of breastfeeding, including health workers who are supposed to be advocates for breastfeeding. These working mothers need a supportive workplace environment to breastfeed, yet Ghana's breastfeeding policy neither mentions the workplace breastfeeding environment nor offers any information on it. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used in this study to determine: facilities with a complete breastfeeding support environment (BFSE); breastfeeding challenges experienced; coping strategies and motivators for breastfeeding among health workers in the Upper East Region of Ghana; and Management's awareness of the need for an institutional breastfeeding support policy. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis respectively. The research was conducted from January to April 2020. Results: All facilities (39) had incomplete BFSE and management representatives of health facilities (39) did not have and were not aware that their respective facilities needed to have a specific workplace breastfeeding policy that fed into the national policy agenda. Breastfeeding challenges at workplaces included: lack of private space for breastfeeding; inadequate support from co-workers and management; emotional stress; and inadequate breastfeeding breaks and work options. Women adapted to these challenges by employing coping strategies such as: bringing children to work with / without caretakers; leaving children at home; seeking support from co-workers and family members; feeding children with supplementary foods; adding annual leave to maternity leave; breastfeeding in cars / offices; and sending children to daycare. Interestingly, the women were still motivated to breastfeed. Health benefits of breastmilk, the convenience and readily available nature of breastmilk, moral obligation to breastfeed, and cheap cost of breastmilk emerged as key motivators to breastfeed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that health workers have poor BFSE and are faced with numerous breastfeeding challenges. There is a need for programs that improve BFSE in health facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about violence against nurses and other medical personnel have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as of yet, limited systematic knowledge of such violence is available. Addressing this gap, we analyse the geographical distribution of, motivations behind, and contexts of collective attacks against health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we systematically recorded and coded attack events worldwide from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. We identify high-risk countries, attack characteristics, and the socio-economic contexts in which attacks tend to occur. Our results show that opposition against public health measures (28.5%), fears of infection (22.3%), and supposed lack of care (20.6%) were the most common reasons for attacks. Most attacks occurred in facilities (often related to a supposed lack of care) or while health workers were on duty in a public place (often due to opposition to public health measures). However, 17.9% of all attacks took place in off-duty settings. Democratic countries with high vaccination rates and strong health systems were relatively safe for nurses and doctors. Distrust in the skills of health workers and the science underlying health interventions is a major driver of collective attack risks and should be addressed before it turns violent. This study was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health problems of health workers are attracting increasing concerns in China and the world. A trustful relationship between health workers and patients is the foundation of quality patient care, which is currently under serious threat. This study aimed to determine the associations of social trust on subjective wellbeing and mental health of health workers. Using the survey data of 262 health workers extracted from the 2018 Chinese Family Panel Studies, a structural equation model with partial least square approach was established. The results showed that social trust was linked to both subjective wellbeing (β = 0.251, p < 0.01) and mental health (β = −0.210, p < 0.01). The effect of social trust on mental health was partially mediated by subjective wellbeing (51.87%). The association between social trust and subjective wellbeing was moderated by socioeconomic status: social trust has a stronger effect on subjective wellbeing in those with higher socioeconomic status. Erosion of social trust may present a serious risk to mental health and subjective wellbeing of health workers. High socioeconomic status can amplify the effect of social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study with a qualitative approach, of an interpretative-explanatory nature, focusing on the student's perspective on the learning constructed in an educational initiative guided by competence, based on innovative teaching-learning methodologies and aimed at improving health care. Thirty-three hospitals participated in this postgraduate initiative in "Clinical Management at SUS (universal health system in Brazil) Hospitals", with an intentional sample of five hospitals being defined, considering physical and organizational structure, linkage to the care network, and the existence of a postgraduate program. Of the forty-six Course Completion Works (TCC) by health professionals linked to the selected hospitals, 17 TCCs were analyzed using the saturation method. The qualitative analysis of the works was carried out according to the thematic modality of content analysis. In light of the socio-interactionist references to education, the main results indicated that active methodologies and the dialogic approach were the educational devices that most contributed to the transformation of students' practices. The ability to learn how to learn, problematizing thinking, and the use of clinical management tools were reported as new knowledge and practices built from the investigated educational initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Childhood vaccination rates in Armenia are high. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that some health workers may advise against vaccination. The extent and reasons behind this are unknown. This study used the World Health Organization Tailoring Immunization Programmes approach to investigate medical specialists’ vaccination practices. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 medical specialists (paediatricians, immunologists, neonatologists, neurologists, gynaecologists). Interviews explored their vaccination practices (recommending/administering), knowledge, attitudes and confidence. Data were analysed using the Framework approach and COM (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation) factors. Findings Medical specialists were routinely consulted by parents about vaccination. They engaged in conversations, even if they did not administer vaccinations and lacked expertise. Vaccination recommendation was “selective”, influenced by their own vaccine hesitancy. Doctors administering vaccination used false contraindications to postpone vaccination. Multiple barriers and drivers to positive vaccination practices were evident, with differences between specialists administering/not administering vaccinations. Capability Drivers were knowledge of vaccination, vaccines, and vaccine-preventable diseases; with awareness and use of protocols for adverse events and contraindications (those with a vaccination role). Barriers were a lack of a detailed understanding of vaccination, vaccines, and vaccine-preventable diseases, especially amongst neonatologists and gynaecologists, and for HPV. Poor knowledge of adverse events and mixed knowledge of contraindications was evident, as was low confidence about conversations with parents declining vaccination. Opportunity Drivers were using “official“ guidance and professional information and feeling protected by the Government of Armenia should an adverse event occur. Conversely, barriers were a reliance on media/social media without considering credibility, peers not recommending vaccination, increasing parent demands and not feeling protected by the Government. Motivation Drivers were seeing vaccination as their responsibility (those who administer vaccinations); and generally supporting vaccination. Barriers were vaccine hesitancy, some anti-vaccination sentiments amongst neonatologists and gynaecologists and not seeing vaccination as their role (those who do not administer vaccinations). Conclusions Applying a theory-informed approach allowed us to identify critical issues and possible solutions. High vaccination coverage may disguise underlying issues, e.g. false contraindications. We addressed gaps in the literature, with our geographical focus and study of medical specialists advising parents on vaccination, a widely used practice in this sub-region.