Search

Background: The benefits of a healthy lifestyle in reducing risk of cancer and chronic disease are well-documented. Many individuals who have had head and neck cancer (HNC) report complex social situations with a history of poor dietary habits, smoking and alcohol abuse. Survivorship can be a strong motivator to make positive lifestyle changes, reducing risk of cancer recurrence and ill-health. Research investigating whether HNC survivors adopt healthy lifestyle recommendations is lacking. Aim: To explore the health-related practices of post-treatment HNC patients, seeking to identify barriers and motivators to following recommended health guidelines. Methods: Tape-recorded interviews were conducted with 20 HNC survivors, and comparisons made to Department of Health recommendations. Results: 80% of participants made lifestyle changes following HNC treatment. The most prevalent changes were to diet and alcohol intake. Key motivators were reducing cancer risk and ill-health; barriers included lack of motivation, support and misinformation. Treatment side-effects presented both motivators and barriers. There was widespread recognition of the "5 a day" message, and harm caused by smoking. Other public health recommendations were less well-known; 98% were unaware of current alcohol guidelines, physical activity was overestimated, and only one participant took vitamin D. Conclusion: In this study HNC survivors were highly motivated to make healthy lifestyle changes. Further work is required to increase awareness of Government guidelines, as health messages are not always reaching the public or are misinterpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations has positive effects on cancer outcomes yet adherence is low among cancer survivors. Differences in adherence between women and men, phase of survivorship, and other factors that might increase adherence, like the use of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM), need to be explored. We aimed to study the adherence to national recommendations for a healthy diet (daily intake of ≥ 5 portions of fruit/vegetables), physical activity (150 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of high-intensity/week), normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), non-smoking, and low-risk alcohol consumption (women ≤ 10 g/day, men ≤ 20 g/day) among Norwegian cancer survivors and their associations with sex, the use of T&CM, and survivorship phase. Methods We used logistic regression, independent sample t-test, and chi-square test to study self-reported (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) and measured (BMI) adherence in 1530 cancer survivors (40 years and above, participating in the population-based Tromsø Study conducted in 2015–2016 (65% attendance). We dichotomized all assessed lifestyle recommendations (adherence = 1 point, non-adherence = 0 points), and created a score for every recommendation (0–5 points). Adherence to individual lifestyle recommendations and the use of T&CM as well as the phase of survivorship was adjusted for sex, age, income, and living with a partner. Results Adherence to recommendations was 7.5% for diet, 85.3% for physical activity, 30.5% for BMI, 89.3% for non-smoking, and 87.6% for alcohol consumption. In total 2.3% adhered to all five recommendations concurrently (mean score 2.96 [SD = 0.86]). Women adhered to more recommendations concurrently compared to men (3.03 [SD = 0.90] vs. 2.89 [SD = 0.80] points respectively, [p = .012]). In total, 31% reported the use of T&CM and there were no differences in adherence to individual lifestyle recommendations or concurrent adherence in overall T&CM use compared to non-use. Users of self-help techniques were more likely to adhere to the recommendations of diet (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.45–4.98) and physical activity (aOR 6.26, 95% CI 1.51–25.92). Users of traditional healers and users of more than one T&CM modality were less likely to adhere to the low-risk alcohol consumption recommendation, (aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.77, and aOR 0.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.17, respectively) compared to T&CM non-users. Survivors with cancer previously (1162) had higher odds of adhering to the recommendation of diet (aOR 2.66, 95% CI 1.36–5.19) than survivors with cancer presently (n = 368), but not to other recommendations. Conclusion The health of cancer survivors can be improved through adherence to lifestyle recommendations, yet our study found partial adherence among survivors in Norway, in accordance with findings from other countries. Although overall T&CM use was not associated with higher adherence to lifestyle recommendations, differences in adherence were seen among individual modalities like the use of self-help techniques and traditional healers. Our results suggest the need for intensified follow-up of lifestyle with attention to male survivors and diet among all survivors throughout the cancer survivorship continuum.

Introduction: Adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations has positive effects on cancer outcomes yet adherence is low among cancer survivors. Differences in adherence between women and men, phase of survivorship, and other factors that might increase adherence, like the use of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM), need to be explored. We aimed to study the adherence to national recommendations for a healthy diet (daily intake of ≥ 5 portions of fruit/vegetables), physical activity (150 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of high-intensity/week), normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), non-smoking, and low-risk alcohol consumption (women ≤ 10 g/day, men ≤ 20 g/day) among Norwegian cancer survivors and their associations with sex, the use of T&CM, and survivorship phase. Methods: We used logistic regression, independent sample t-test, and chi-square test to study self-reported (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) and measured (BMI) adherence in 1530 cancer survivors (40 years and above, participating in the population-based Tromsø Study conducted in 2015–2016 (65% attendance). We dichotomized all assessed lifestyle recommendations (adherence = 1 point, non-adherence = 0 points), and created a score for every recommendation (0–5 points). Adherence to individual lifestyle recommendations and the use of T&CM as well as the phase of survivorship was adjusted for sex, age, income, and living with a partner. Results: Adherence to recommendations was 7.5% for diet, 85.3% for physical activity, 30.5% for BMI, 89.3% for non-smoking, and 87.6% for alcohol consumption. In total 2.3% adhered to all five recommendations concurrently (mean score 2.96 [SD = 0.86]). Women adhered to more recommendations concurrently compared to men (3.03 [SD = 0.90] vs. 2.89 [SD = 0.80] points respectively, [p =.012]). In total, 31% reported the use of T&CM and there were no differences in adherence to individual lifestyle recommendations or concurrent adherence in overall T&CM use compared to non-use. Users of self-help techniques were more likely to adhere to the recommendations of diet (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.45–4.98) and physical activity (aOR 6.26, 95% CI 1.51–25.92). Users of traditional healers and users of more than one T&CM modality were less likely to adhere to the low-risk alcohol consumption recommendation, (aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.77, and aOR 0.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.17, respectively) compared to T&CM non-users. Survivors with cancer previously (1162) had higher odds of adhering to the recommendation of diet (aOR 2.66, 95% CI 1.36–5.19) than survivors with cancer presently (n = 368), but not to other recommendations. Conclusion: The health of cancer survivors can be improved through adherence to lifestyle recommendations, yet our study found partial adherence among survivors in Norway, in accordance with findings from other countries. Although overall T&CM use was not associated with higher adherence to lifestyle recommendations, differences in adherence were seen among individual modalities like the use of self-help techniques and traditional healers. Our results suggest the need for intensified follow-up of lifestyle with attention to male survivors and diet among all survivors throughout the cancer survivorship continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing interest regarding neurodevelopmental disorders and democratization of chromosomal microarray analysis have led to growing identification of neuro‐susceptibility copy number variations (CNVs). These CNVs have incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity (PIEV), which makes phenotypic features hard to predict. The French Consortium "AchroPuce" has provided a list of 17 CNVs that should be considered as PIEV CNVs. This list led to consensual French practices of healthcare professionals in postnatal diagnosis. However, no consensus was established in prenatal diagnosis and fetal pathology. 121 French health professionals were surveyed their opinions and practices regarding reporting of PIEV CNVs to patients, in order to identify key points so as to establish French recommendations. The survey showed that professionals in favor of reporting PIEV CNVs to patients in prenatal diagnosis and fetal pathology (respectively, 76% and 84% of respondents) considered highlighted that multidisciplinary consultation is the main point‐of‐care management before family survey. This statement is close to recommendations published worldwide. As a consequence, multidisciplinary expertise should be the basis of French recommendations concerning the reporting of PIEV CNVs and genetic counseling in prenatal diagnosis and fetal pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionPupils spend a significant portion of their time at school. As a result, the school serves as an important setting for both learning and the formation of healthy behaviors. Many children, and even fewer young people, do not fulfill the (inter)national health recommendations of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. The aim of this study was to examine pupils' MVPA during schooltime in a longitudinal perspective, including the transition from primary to secondary school.MethodsThe MVPA of 234 pupils' was measured objectively using accelerometer monitors for seven consecutive days, in the spring of 2017, 2018, and 2019. Statistical analyses by Friedman, Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to answer the research questions.ResultsThe results showed a significant decrease in the pupils' MVPA and fulfilment of health recommendations during schooltime, from 7th to 8th grade. The analyses also showed that MVPA during schooltime was higher among boys than girls, and also contributed more to boys' fulfilment of the health recommendations at all three time periods.DiscussionThe results indicate that the transition between primary and secondary school is vulnerable concerning pupils' MVPA during schooltime. As schooltime accounted for significantly more MVPA for boys than for girls at all three time periods, we question whether physical activity is sufficiently facilitated for girls in school.

I denne dramaturgiske studien undersøker vi hvordan lærerstudenter trener på observasjon som ferdighet og metode for å forberede seg til observasjonspraksis i skolen. Treningen foregår i et profesjonsverksted, en arena for undervisning og forskning. Ved hjelp av nasjonale og lokale styringsdokumenter for lærerutdanningen, GLU, samt pensumlitteratur om observasjon, identifiserer vi konkrete observasjonsferdigheter og utforsker hvordan dette kan omsettes til praktisk undervisning. Undervisningen er sentrert rundt ulike former for fiksjonalisering, som i denne konteksten betyr hvordan lærerutdannere bruker rom, kropp, tid og tekst til å iscenesette tenkte hendelser fra skole og klasserom. Vi bruker dramaturgiske analyser for å undersøke undervisningsforløp og hendelser som handler om å observere. Studien viser hvordan fiksjonalisering kan anvendes for å trene på spesifikke ferdigheter som å sanse og tolke, som inngår i det å observere. Vi identifiserer også måter å komponere undervisning på som kan bidra til å innvie studentene i observasjon som metode.

Physical activity (PA) among children is positively correlated to several positive health outcomes. Although school time constitutes an important arena for children’s PA level because it includes all children, research in this area in Nordic countries remains limited. The aim of the present study is to investigate school-time’s contribution to both children’s total PA and fulfilment of health recommendations for PA. In total, 320 seventh-grade children volunteered to participate in the study, of which 291 provided valid accelerometer data and were included in the analyses. The results show that school time accounts for 30.6% and 26%, respectively, of boys’ and girls’ total moderate- and vigorous-PA (MVPA) during the week, and for 45.9% and 36.6%, respectively, of the MVPA that children need to fulfil the health recommendations. In addition, boys achieved significantly more MVPA than girls during school time, and school-time’s contribution to the fulfilment of the health recommendations for PA was significantly greater among boys than girls. The findings indicate that PA in school time possesses an unrealized potential to substantially increase children’s weekly PA. Possible strategies for increasing school-time’s contribution to children’s PA level, in general, and girls’ PA level, in particular, are discussed.

Objective: The psychological antecedents of the intention to open the windows at home were explored through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), supplemented with Habits regarding the behavior and contextual factors. Design: A four-treatment design compared the effect of an exposure to a recommendation about home ventilation and the effect of one's own awareness odors (negative vs. positive) as a manipulated variable. Two quasi-experimental online surveys were conducted. A student sample (Study 1; N = 159) was replicated with a general population sample (Study 2; N = 338). Results: Multiple hierarchical regression models were conducted (3 for Study 1; 3 for Study 2). The extended TPB model provided stable predictors explaining around sixty percent of variance. Attitude and Habits were the main predictors of window openings, Perceived Behavioral control as a secondary predictor. Perceived Behavioral Control contributed significatively with a negative interaction with Attitudes. Odor awareness decreased Intention to manually ventilate. No effect of recommendation was observed. Discussion: The results filled a gap in the literature about the willingness to manually ventilate at home and efficacy of a recommendation. Practical implications argue that beyond a generic recommendation, effective messages need to be tailored regarding the determinants of willingness to open the windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe psychological antecedents of the intention to open the windows at home were explored through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), supplemented with Habits regarding the behavior and contextual factors.DesignA four-treatment design compared the effect of an exposure to a recommendation about home ventilation and the effect of one’s own awareness odors (negative vs. positive) as a manipulated variable. Two quasi-experimental online surveys were conducted. A student sample (Study 1; N = 159) was replicated with a general population sample (Study 2; N = 338).ResultsMultiple hierarchical regression models were conducted (3 for Study 1; 3 for Study 2). The extended TPB model provided stable predictors explaining around sixty percent of variance. Attitude and Habits were the main predictors of window openings, Perceived Behavioral control as a secondary predictor. Perceived Behavioral Control contributed significatively with a negative interaction with Attitudes. Odor awareness decreased Intention to manually ventilate. No effect of recommendation was observed.DiscussionThe results filled a gap in the literature about the willingness to manually ventilate at home and efficacy of a recommendation. Practical implications argue that beyond a generic recommendation, effective messages need to be tailored regarding the determinants of willingness to open the windows.

Introduction A vital role in health maintenance and the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases is played by an adequate level of physical activity. In recent decades, numerous guidelines have been developed to determine the criteria of physical activity levels that are essential to obtain overall health benefits. Objective The aim of the presented study was evaluation of the physical activity of adult members of non-governmental organizations promoting active lifestyle, in compliance with recommendations of the World Health Organization and the American College of Sport Medicine. Material and methods The study examined 95 adult members of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) promoting an active lifestyle in the Silesian Province of Western Poland. In order to make a comprehensive physical activity evaluation (including all criteria of most complex health-recommendations), both an objective tool (ActiGraph GT3X) and a subjective tool (Daily Physical Activity Log) were used. Results Compliance with a weekly total time of moderate to vigorous aerobic efforts were observed in 47% of women and 44% of men with regard to WHO guidelines, and in 29% of women and 23% of men, respectively, regarding ACSM guidelines. The criterion for the frequency of strength exercises was met by 24% of women and 15% of men. Flexibility exercises level was adequate in 35% of women and 28% of men. Conclusions The most frequent cause of non-meeting the criteria of the above- mentioned organisations were insufficient frequency of the weekly resistance (strength) exercises and flexibility exercises. There is a need to create public health programmes based on the complex physical activity recommendations, including all types of physical efforts (aerobic, strength, flexibility), and to emphasise the fact that meeting all of them is essential to obtain overall health benefits.

The objective of this study is to identify the impact generated by the media on Venezuelan migrant women who live in Lima, Peru, in the context of the COVID-19, and to know how it relates to the emotional state, and to the compliance with health recommendations. This retrospective correlational study collected information from 385 of these migrant women, through a virtual survey conducted during the first weeks (March 19-April 30, 2020) of the mandatory social isolation measures taken by the Peruvian government. The main results show that there is an association between media effects and emotional impact; none of the analyzed media provided reassuring information, but disturbing information. This study concludes that the media sharpen the feelings of concern, fear, terror and anger of Venezuelan migrant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that one-third of Norwegian adults satisfy national health recommendations for physical activity, but little knowledge exists regarding activity levels in different occupations. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the level at which kindergarten staff fulfil these health recommendations, and examines differences in physical activity levels of staff working mainly with toddlers (1–3 years) and older children (4–6 years). The study also investigates physical activity level during working time and leisure time. METHODS: Physical activity levels among 43 kindergarten staff members were measured utilizing accelerometers and questionnaires. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that 86% of kindergarten staff satisfy the health recommendations for physical activity. Moreover, kindergarten staff working with older children were significantly more physically active than staff working with toddlers. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity level during working time was found to be of major significance for fulfilling the health recommendations among kindergarten staff working with toddlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the diversity and specificity of the determinants of immigrant caregivers' adherence to child primary care (CPC) health recommendations. Background: Immigrant caregiver's adherence to CPC health recommendations is of utmost importance to minimize their children's health-related vulnerabilities. Some research has been conducted on the determinants of immigrants' access to health services, but much less is known about the determinants of their adherence to health professionals' recommendations once they get there, especially in a primary health care context. This study contributes to bridge these gaps. Methods: Interviews and focus groups were conducted, with immigrant and non-immigrant caregivers living in Portugal (n =35), from heterogeneous socioeconomic backgrounds. Focus group and individual interview scripts were developed to explore caregivers' understanding and use of CPC services and, particularly, their adherence to CPC recommendations. A socio-demographic questionnaire was also administered. Qualitative data were analyzed using a grounded theory methodology. Findings: 'Adherence to CPC health recommendations' is a core and multidimensional concept. Several determinants were identified at individual, interpersonal, organizational and structural levels. Some determinants were highlighted both by immigrant and non-immigrant caregivers: valuing children's health, usefulness of recommendations, perceived health-care professionals' competence, central role of vaccination in CPC and caregivers' socio-economic conditions. Other determinants were specifically mentioned by immigrant caregivers: expectations about traditional versus pharmacological treatments, cultural mismatches in children's care practices, perceived quality of Portuguese CPC services versus CPC from countries of origin. These results provide innovative theoretical and empirical contributions to the field of primary health care and, particularly, to immigrant caregivers' adherence behaviors. Implications for research on treatment adherence in primary care contexts, the development of interventions that promote caregivers' adherence to CPC health recommendations and for child protection will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. A vital role in health maintenance and the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases is played by an adequate level of physical activity. In recent decades, numerous guidelines have been developed to determine the criteria of physical activity levels that are essential to obtain overall health benefits. Objective. The aim of the presented study was evaluation of the physical activity of adult members of non-governmental organizations promoting active lifestyle, in compliance with recommendations of the World Health Organization and the American College of Sport Medicine. Materials and method. The study examined 95 adult members of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) promoting an active lifestyle in the Silesian Province of Western Poland. In order to make a comprehensive physical activity evaluation (including all criteria of most complex health-recommendations), both an objective tool (ActiGraph GT3X) and a subjective tool (Daily Physical Activity Log) were used. Results. Compliance with a weekly total time of moderate to vigorous aerobic efforts were observed in 47% of women and 44% of men with regard to WHO guidelines, and in 29% of women and 23% of men, respectively, regarding ACSM guidelines. The criterion for the frequency of strength exercises was met by 24% of women and 15% of men. Flexibility exercises level was adequate in 35% of women and 28% of men. Conclusions. The most frequent cause of non-meeting the criteria of the above-mentioned organisations were insufficient frequency of the weekly resistance (strength) exercises and flexibility exercises. There is a need to create public health programmes based on the complex physical activity recommendations, including all types of physical efforts (aerobic, strength, flexibility), and to emphasise the fact that meeting all of them is essential to obtain overall health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity performed at recommended levels is associated with multiple health benefits. The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics (SES) of the environment and the volume of physical activity performed by youths. The research group consisted of 159 participants (100 women, 59 men) aged 15, living in the Prešov region. Physical activity levels were assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire IPAQ (long version). The SES of districts in the Prešov region was assessed based on the data available in databases of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. The presented study was supported by VEGA 1/0840/17 project. The relationship between socioeconomic characteristics of the environment and volume of physical activity was examined using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The results did not reveal any significant relationships between SES and the volume of physical activity practiced by the monitored group of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of plain language compared with standard language versions of COVID-19 recommendations specific to child health., Study Design and Setting: Pragmatic, allocation-concealed, blinded, superiority randomized controlled trial with nested qualitative component. Trial was conducted online, internationally. Parents or legal guardians (≥18 years) of a child (<18 years) were eligible. Participants were randomized to receive a plain language recommendation (PLR) or standard (SLV) verison of a COVID-19 recommendation specific to child health. Primary outcome was understanding. Secondary outcomes included: preference, accessibility, usability, satisfaction, and intended behavior. Interviews explored perceptions and preferences for each format., Results: Between July and August 2022, 295 parents were randomized; 241 (81.7%) completed the study (intervention n = 121, control n = 120). Mean understanding scores were significantly different between groups (PLR 3.96 [standard deviation (SD) 2.02], SLV 3.33 [SD 1.88], P = 0.014). Overall participants preferred the PLR version: mean rating 5.05/7.00 (95% CI 4.81, 5.29). Interviews (n = 12 parents) highlighted their preference for the PLR and provided insight on elements to enhance future knowledge mobilization of health recommendations., Conclusion: Compared to SLVs, parents preferred PLRs and better understood the recommendation. Guideline developers should strive to use plain language to increase understanding, uptake, and implementation of evidence by the public., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The aim of the present study was the evaluation of habitual physical activity in adult members of health promoting associations in compliance with selected health recommendations. Physical activity was monitored for 7 consecutive days using accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X+. It was observed that the percentages of individuals with sufficient physical activity differ depending on healthoriented recommendation used in the evaluation. The results indicated that despite appropriate weekly volume of physical activity expressed in energy expenditure (on the average, twice as high as the recommended minimum) and the number of steps taken daily, the prevailing majority of participants (60%) demonstrated an inadequate level of it when assessed in the context of recommendation by World Health Organization.

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity has significant benefits for health. For instance, it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis, help control weight, and promote psychological well-being. There are many factors that can influence physical activity; socioeconomic status, family, size of place of residence, environmental conditions etc AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze physical activity and inactivity of adult population in the Olomouc region in terms of size of residence, type of housing, body weight status, smoking and participation in organized physical activity. METHODS: 1011 randomly selected residents of the Olomouc region (448 males and 563 females) aged 41.14 ± 8.63 years participated in this study. To obtain selected indicators of physical activity, we used the ANEWS questionnaire which was distributed by university students in Spring and Fall periods from 2005 to 2009. For healthy adults aged 18 to 65 years, the goal recommended by the WHO is to achieve a minimum of 30 minutes of moderateintensity physical activity 5 days a week or at least 20 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity 3 days a week. RESULTS: The most physically active were males aged 36-45 years. From the selected correlates, those with the highest influence on total weekly PA were the size of residence and type of house. On the other hand, factors that did not affect total weekly PA were smoking, participation in organized PA and body mass index. The most commonly performed type of PA is cycling; followed in males with soccer and tennis and in women with aerobic dance and fitness walking. CONCLUSION: In the Olomouc region there is a need to preserve and develop the conditions to perform PA. Due to the landscape in the Olomouc region and due to the popularity of cycling, we recommend focus on this type of PA.

Hlavním cílem této studie bylo zhodnocení potenciálních rozdílů mezi skupinami předškolních dětí, které splňují a nesplňují zdravotní doporučení pro pohybové aktivity (PA) z hlediska takzvaných indikátorů pohybové aktivity (aktivní výdaj energie, počet kroků). Počet kroků byl měřen pedometry Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 (Yamax Corporation, Tokio, Japonsko) a aktivní výdaj energie byl měřen akcelerometry Caltrac (Muscle Dynamics Fitness Network, Torrance, Kalifornie). Hodnocení PA z hlediska takzvaných zdravotních kritérií bylo uskutečněno dle kritérií Frömela, Novosada a Svozila (1999), kteří doporučují hodnoty takzvaných zdravotních kritérií PA. Při dosažení těchto kritérií je možné předpokládat, že PA má pozitivní účinky na zdravý vývoj jednotlivce. Vzorek sestával z 200 předškolních dětí. Čtyřicet devět těchto dětí (30 chlapců a 19 dívek) bylo označeno jako skupina A (děti, jež požadovaných doporučených hodnot nedosahovaly ani v jednom ze zdravotních kritérií PA). Skupina B (děti, které dosahovaly požadovaných doporučených hodnot alespoň v jednom ze zdravotních kritérií PA) sestávala ze 151 dětí (74 chlapců a 77 dívek). K ověření statistického významu možných rozdílů mezi skupinami A a B a také mezi chlapci a děvčaty v rámci těchto skupin bylo použito testu Mann-Whitney. Ve všech sledovaných dnech týdne, stejně jako v obou sledovaných částech dne, byl u obou ukazatelů PA zaznamenán významný rozdíl (p < 0,001) mezi skupinami A a B. Pokud jde o tyto proměnné, byly nejmenší rozdíly (p < 0,02) pozorovány v době strávené ve škole. Naše výsledky potvrzují, že pobyt v mateřské škole náleží k důležitým částem dne z hlediska pohybové aktivity dětí ve smyslu velmi "problematické" části dne, kdy se hodnoty aktivního výdaje energie a kroků snižují téměř o 50 % i u dětí pohybově aktivních mimo školu. Na druhou stranu je mateřská škola vhodná pro děti s hypokinetickou poruchou, jež může aktivovat adekvátní působení školního pohybového režimu. The main aim of this study was to assess potential differences between groups of pre-school children meeting and not meeting health recommendations for physical activity (PA) from the aspect of so called indicators of physical activity (active energy expenditure, number of steps). The number of steps was measured by Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 pedometers (Yamax Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and the active energy expenditure was measured by Caltrac (Muscle Dynamics Fitness Network, Torrance, California) accelerometers. Evaluation of PA from the aspect of so called health criteria was realized following the criteria of Frömel, Novosad and Svozil (1999), who recommend values of so called health criteria of PA. Meeting these criteria, it is possible to suppose that PA positively affects the healthy development of an individual. The sample consisted of 200 pre-school children. Forty nine of these children (30 boys and 19 girls) were labeled as group A (children who did not meet the recommended values at least in one of the health criteria of PA). Group B (children who met the recommended values at least in one of the mentioned criteria of PA) consisted of 151 children (74 boys and 77 girls). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the statistical significance of possible differences between groups A and B and also between boys and girls within these groups as well. In all monitored parts of a week, as well as in both monitored parts of a day, a significant difference (p < .001) was found between groups A and B in both indicators of PA. Regarding these variables, the smallest differences (p < .02) were observed within the time spent at school. Our results confirm that a stay at kindergarten belongs among the relevant parts of a day from the aspect of children's physical activity in the sense of a very "problematic" part of a day, when the values of active energy expenditure and steps are decreased almost by 50% even in children physically active outside the school. On the other hand, a kindergarten is a proper place for children with hypokinetic behavior, who can be activated by an adequate incidence of school physical regimen.

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify and describe the processes suggested for the formulation of healthcare recommendations in healthcare guidelines available in guidance documents., Methods: We searched international databases in May 2020 to retrieve guidance documents published by organizations dedicated to guideline development. Pairs of researchers independently selected and extracted data about the characteristics of the guidance document, including explicit or implicit recommendation-related criteria and processes considered, as well as the use of evidence to decision (EtD) frameworks., Results: We included 68 guidance documents. Most organizations reported a system for grading the strength of recommendations (88%), half of them being the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Two out of three guidance documents (66%) proposed the use of a framework to guide the EtD process. The GRADE-EtD framework was the most often reported framework (19 organizations, 42%), whereas 20 organizations (44%) proposed their own multicriteria frameworks. Using any EtD framework was related with a more comprehensive set of recommendation-related criteria compared to no framework, especially for criteria like values, equity, and acceptability., Conclusion: Although limited, the use of EtD frameworks was associated with the inclusion of relevant recommendation criteria. Among the EtD structured frameworks, the GRADE-EtD framework offers the most comprehensive perspective for evidence-informed decision-making processes., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Physical Culture / Tělesná Kultura is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Radiology faculty members serve as role models to residents and medical students, potentially influencing the choices trainees make regarding their health. Resident work hours, program flexibility in work hours, food served at department functions, wellness programs offered by programs or the institutions in which they are housed, and subtle cues that reflect faculty values regarding personal and community health are examples of factors that potentially influence the choices made by trainees. There are many unanswered questions regarding the adequacy of training programs in promoting good health among their trainees. One purpose of this review is to lay the groundwork for research in how radiology training programs influence trainees’ compliance with health recommendations. It focuses on physical activity, overweight and obesity, and related health concerns. It emphasizes the discouraging fact that the majority of American adults do not follow recommended guidelines for physical activity and diet, worker stress among American adults is high, 1 in 4 American adults have high blood pressure, and more than 20% have high levels of total cholesterol. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article reports upon the usefulness of a focus group strategy to develop a consensus on key health and aging research recommendations for persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). This strategy was employed at an opportunistic situation, a consensus meeting (the Tampa Scientific Conference on Intellectual Disability, Aging and Health) which involved 75 diverse background participants from the United States and other countries who came together to evolve recommendations for aging health policy. The meeting's participants included basic and applied researchers with a range of professional interests (physicians, psychologists, sociologists, social workers, and nurses), public policy workers and administrators, and family members and persons with ID. A working group process, a focus group strategy, was used successfully to develop recommendations in the areas of medical and epidemiological issues, syndrome-specific concerns, and the promotion of healthy aging. The approach used was found to be particularly helpful in reconciling diverse researcher and consumer perspectives, considering both basic and applied research issues, and yielding both national-specific and internationally relevant recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stakeholders involved in developing recommendations need to have a common understanding of health outcomes and the perspective of affected individuals. In this paper we report on the development and application of health outcome descriptors (HODs) to inform decision-making by panels developing guideline recommendations., Study Design and Setting: Ten American Society of Hematology guideline panels addressing the management of venous thromboembolism developed HODs, rated their importance and health utility, applied them to prioritize outcomes, and to balance potential benefits and harms to formulate recommendations., Results: It was feasible to involve 18 panelists in developing 127 HODs. There was high agreement (82%) across the ten panels about outcomes perceived as critical or important for decision-making. Panelists' utility ratings of the outcomes were strongly correlated with panelists' outcome importance ratings (Pearson's r=-0.88). HODs were incorporated into Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks to support a shared understanding of health outcomes in panel deliberations., Conclusion: HODs serve as a valuable tool to promote an explicit, common understanding of health outcomes during clinical guideline development and across different stakeholders. They are helpful across multiple steps of guideline development to facilitate panels' judgements, aiming to avoid variable implicit interpretations of health outcomes., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective, the aim is an analysis of sociodemographic factors that had an essential relation with undertaking leisure-time physical activity-LTPA (with particular emphasis on World Health Organization (WHO) health recommendations) by adult Poles from a time-trend perspective. Methods, the paper is based on data retrieved from five large-scale surveys carried out on the representative samples of Poles aged 15-69 in 2014-2018 ( n = 7347). In each wave, the Polish long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. Results, the participation of Poles in LTPA constantly increases ( p < 0.001) and the percentage of people meeting the dose of PA required for health recommendations is growing (on average, met by 43.9% of Polish men and 43.5% of women), which indicates a trend of behaviour of citizens of this country. The probability of realisation of WHO norms was determined by sex, age, place of residence and occupational status. Conclusion: it seems reasonable to develop Polish recommendations and guidelines for specific groups, including females and males, those who live in the villages and in the towns, different age groups: children/adolescents, adults (aged 50 to 59-most vulnerable to physical inactivity), the elderly, and various professional groups (especially farmers and physical workers).

Aim: To investigate the association between adherence to health recommendations and detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening., Methods: A total of 14832 women and men were invited to CRC screening, 6959 in the fecal immunochemical test arm and 7873 in the flexible sigmoidoscopy arm. These were also sent a self-reported lifestyle questionnaire to be completed prior to their first CRC screening. A lifestyle score was created to reflect current adherence to healthy behaviors in regard to smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption and food consumption, and ranged from zero (poorest) to six (best). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs were calculated using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between the single lifestyle variables and the lifestyle score and the probability of detecting ACN., Results: In all 6315 women and men completed the lifestyle questionnaire, 3323 (53%) in the FIT arm and 2992 (47%) in the FS arm. This was 89% of those who participated in screening. ACN was diagnosed in 311 (5%) participants of which 25 (8%) were diagnosed with CRC. For individuals with a lifestyle score of two, three, four, and five-six, the ORs (95%CI) for the probability of ACN detection were 0.82 (0.45-1.16), 0.43 (0.28-0.73), 0.41 (0.23-0.64), and 0.41 (0.22-0.73), respectively compared to individuals with a lifestyle score of zero-one. Of the single lifestyle factors, adherence to non-smoking and moderate alcohol intake were associated with a decreased probability of ACN detection compared to being a smoker or having a high alcohol intake 0.53 (0.42-0.68) and 0.63 (0.43-0.93) respectively., Conclusion: Adopted healthy behaviors were inversely associated with the probability of ACN detection. Lifestyle assessment might be useful for risk stratification in CRC screening.

[Purpose] Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease of civilization with epidemiological coverage. An integral component of a comprehensive process of type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention and treatment is reasonably proportioned exercise. The aim of the study was to evaluate the weekly physical activity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects with respect to recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine and American Diabetes Association. [Subjects] The study involved 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (treatment duration 9 ± 0.8) and 31 healthy people. [Methods] Physical activity levels were determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A χ(2) test was applied to determine the percentage of people who met recommendations. [Results] Analysis of the obtained results demonstrated that the intensity of physical activity in patients with diabetes was moderate or low. The men in the control group met the recommendations for standard health-related activities significantly more often than the patients with diabetes. In women, there was no such relationship, since most of the women were insufficiently physically active. [Conclusion] The conclusion to be drawn is that there is an urgent need to develop and implement effective programs to enhance physical activity among people at risk of diseases of civilization, including type 2 diabetes.