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This report, produced as part of the UCSF Archives and Special Collections Summer Fellowship program, explores the efficacy of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology in processing archival documents. OCR technology, which automates the extraction of text from images, has significantly advanced recently, providing substantial benefits for archival organizations by making vast amounts of previously “hidden” data more accessible. This study specifically examines the disparities in OCR quality between handwritten and typewritten documents, highlighting that OCR’s effectiveness is considerably lower for handwritten texts. This discrepancy results in biases and underrepresentation in datasets, particularly affecting the accessibility and utility of handwritten documents from historical archives.Utilizing a dataset comprising documents related to AIDS/HIV activism from the 1980s and 1990s, this project evaluates the performance of three OCR tools—Tesseract, Google Cloud Document AI, and Amazon Textract—across different document types. The objective is to identify the most effective OCR solution for enhancing the accessibility of handwritten documents within the UCSF Archives and Special Collections. The findings aim to contribute to the broader archival field by addressing the challenges of digitizing and utilizing handwritten archival materials, thus supporting more inclusive and comprehensive historical research.

Background/Objectives: To examine the relationships between state affect and sleep health at within- and between-person levels among health science students. Methods: A correlational design was used and 54 health science students were included. The participants completed baseline and 7-day ambulatory assessments in a free-living setting. Daily sleep and affect were measured using the Consensus Sleep Diary and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Mixed-effect models were used to examine the effects of affect on sleep health. Results: The participants were 19.8 (SD, 0.6) years and 92.6% were females. Approximately 40% had poor sleep quality. Controlling for the potential confounders (e.g., age, sex, and bedtime procrastination), higher within-person negative affect predicted shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, longer sleep onset latency, and less feeling rested. Higher between-person negative affect predicted shorter sleep duration. Higher within-person positive affect predicted longer sleep onset latency. Higher within- and between-person positive affect predicted more feeling rested. Conclusions: Negative affect was most consistently associated with sleep health at the individual level. Affect regulation should be considered when delivering personalized interventions targeting sleep health among health science students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In health education, group work is essential to prepare students for working in health care and medical teams. Following the widespread adoption of online teaching, group work increasingly takes place in online environments. Although successful group work can provide good learning outcomes, it is unclear what facilitates or hinders online group work in health science education, and to what extent this topic has been addressed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers to online group work in higher health education, provide an overview of the scientific literature related to the topic, and identify knowledge gaps in the research. Methods: This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework described by Arksey and O'Malley, and reporting is in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Eight online databases were searched for scientific articles published between 2012 and 2022. At least two researchers independently screened records and full-text articles and charted data including article characteristics and key information related to the research question. Findings were categorized and summarized based on the Community of Inquiry Framework. Results: After screening 3671 records and 466 full-text articles, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed smaller group size, consistency in group composition and joint responsibility to be facilitators. Challenges with group communication, scheduling synchronous meetings and technical issues were identified as barriers. Our findings supported the importance of all three elements of the Community of Inquiry Framework: social, cognitive, and teaching presence. Conclusion: This review provides an overview of facilitators and barriers to online group work in health science education. However, there is a need for further investigation of these factors and studies addressing this topic from the teachers' perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Academic performance is the extent to which a student, teacher, or institution has attained their short- or long-term educational goals and is measured either by continuous assessment or cumulative grade point average (CGPA). Good academic performance is defined as the students who scored a cumulative GPA of 3 and above. Even though few studies were done in Ethiopia, there was no clear evidence regarding the role of cognitive and learning issues such as academic competence, test competence, time management, strategic studying, and test anxiety on the academic performance of students. Objective: To assess the magnitude academic performance and its associated factors among health science students at Eastern Ethiopian universities. Method: An institution based cross sectional study design was implemented on a total of 924 regular undergraduate students of eastern Ethiopian universities. Good academic performance was measured as the students who scored a cumulative GPA of three and above. The study participants were selected using simple random sampling techniques, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. A P-value < 0.2 at bivariate to select variables for multivariable and < 0.05 at multivariable with 95% CI was considered statistical significance. Result: A total of 924 participants were included, with a response rate of 98.7%. The overall magnitude of good academic performance among health science students at Eastern Ethiopia University's was 70.5%, with a 95% CI = 67%- 73%. Residence [AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.9–3.93], not having a sexual partner [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.64–3.72], good test competence [AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.4–2.6], good time management [AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.86–3.15], and good strategic study [AOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.33–2.45] were significantly associated with good academic performance. Conclusion: Increased odds of good academic performance were observed among students with rural residence, sexual partner, good test competence, good time management, and strategic study. A collaborative and multidisciplinary approach is needed to enhance the academic performance of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing rates of NCDs and the younger age of onset mandates immediate action with regard to prevention and health promotion. One of the major reasons attributed is the unhealthy dietary choices and increased consumption of ultraprocessed food and its mindless consumerism. Aim and Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of reading food labels among students of health professions education. Methodology: A total of 487 students were enrolled in our study by means of convenience sampling. All consenting students were given a standardized questionnaire and data was analyzed using R studio. Results: A logistic regression analysis of KAP scores revealed that gender, program of study, diet preferences and food allergies play a significant role in food label reading practices and that only 20% of the students had a good KAP score. Commonly prioritized information when reading food labels included expiry date, price, and if the food was vegetarian. Conclusion: Although health profession students are aware of the importance of reading food labels, practice of the same was found to be relatively unsatisfactory emphasizing the need for awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Academic performance is the extent to which a student, teacher, or institution has attained their short- or long-term educational goals and is measured either by continuous assessment or cumulative grade point average (CGPA). Good academic performance is defined as the students who scored a cumulative GPA of 3 and above. Even though few studies were done in Ethiopia, there was no clear evidence regarding the role of cognitive and learning issues such as academic competence, test competence, time management, strategic studying, and test anxiety on the academic performance of students. Objective To assess the magnitude academic performance and its associated factors among health science students at Eastern Ethiopian universities. Method An institution based cross sectional study design was implemented on a total of 924 regular undergraduate students of eastern Ethiopian universities. Good academic performance was measured as the students who scored a cumulative GPA of three and above. The study participants were selected using simple random sampling techniques, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. A P-value

Abstract Background Students’ attitudes towards digital technologies affect their use of innovations in digital education. In the study, it was aimed to determine undergraduate health sciences students’ views about the Metaverse and digital technology. Methods This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. In the study sample, 289 health sciences students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research and filled out the online data collection form were included. The Independent Samples T-Test, Multivariate ANOVA analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The mean score the participants obtained from the Metaverse Scale was 53.54 ± 9.00, indicating that their levels of knowledge and awareness about the Metaverse were high. The mean score they obtained from the Attitude Scale for Digital Technology was 135.98 ± 21.28, which indicated that displayed positive attitudes towards digital technology. There was no significant difference between the mean scores the participants obtained from the Attitude Scale for Digital Technology and the Metaverse Scale according to their departments and years in school. There was a positive and weak relationship between the Metaverse Scale scores and Attitude Scale for Digital Technology scores. Conclusions The participants’ knowledge and awareness levels about the Metaverse were high and they displayed positive attitudes towards digital technology. It is recommended that digital technologies should be used in planning undergraduate education and Metaverse platforms or applications in virtual classroom settings.

This study investigates the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance among Foundation-Year Health Science students at Saudi University in Riyadh. Using a cross-sectional design and an online questionnaire distributed via social media, data was collected from students, revealing that 94% were 18 or above, with 77.6% having a GPA of 4.5 to 5. Analysis showed that 48.25% of students achieved the recommended hours of sleep per night, while 42.29% believed their sleeping pattern affected their mental health. The most common pre-sleep habit was using electronic devices (62.70%), and headaches were reported as the most significant physical issue resulting from poor sleep quality (40.3%). Furthermore, approximately half of the respondents believed their sleeping patterns affected their academic performance. The study concludes that good sleep quality is prevalent among students, but poor sleep quality negatively impacts mental health and academic performance. It recommends replicating the research across different institutions to validate findings and suggests awareness campaigns regarding the detrimental effects of electronic device use before bedtime. These findings contribute to a better understanding of sleep patterns and highlight the importance of promoting healthier sleep habits among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent studies increasingly suggest that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) impacts cognitive risk. However, the bidirectional nature of this relationship warrants further exploration. To address this, we employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, analyzing two distinct samples. Methods: These analyses utilized published genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for MVPA (n = 377,234) and cognitive performance (n = 257,841). Our primary method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) model with random effects, aiming to deduce potential causal links. Additionally, we employed supplementary methods, including MR Egger regression, Weighted median, Weighted mode, and Simple mode. For sensitivity analysis, tools like the MR Egger test, Cochran's Q, MR PRESSO, and leave-oneout (LOO) were utilized. Results: Our findings indicate a decrease in cognitive risk with increased MVPA (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.577, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.460-0.723, p = 1.930 x 10-6). Furthermore, enhanced cognitive levels corresponded to a reduced risk of inadequate MVPA (OR = 0.866, 95% CI: 0.839-0.895, p = 1.200 x 10-18). Discussion: In summary, our study demonstrates that MVPA lowers cognitive risk, while poor cognitive health may impede participation in MVPA. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for developing personalized prevention and intervention strategies in health and sports sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Students' attitudes towards digital technologies affect their use of innovations in digital education. In the study, it was aimed to determine undergraduate health sciences students' views about the Metaverse and digital technology. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. In the study sample, 289 health sciences students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research and filled out the online data collection form were included. The Independent Samples T-Test, Multivariate ANOVA analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean score the participants obtained from the Metaverse Scale was 53.54 ± 9.00, indicating that their levels of knowledge and awareness about the Metaverse were high. The mean score they obtained from the Attitude Scale for Digital Technology was 135.98 ± 21.28, which indicated that displayed positive attitudes towards digital technology. There was no significant difference between the mean scores the participants obtained from the Attitude Scale for Digital Technology and the Metaverse Scale according to their departments and years in school. There was a positive and weak relationship between the Metaverse Scale scores and Attitude Scale for Digital Technology scores. Conclusions: The participants' knowledge and awareness levels about the Metaverse were high and they displayed positive attitudes towards digital technology. It is recommended that digital technologies should be used in planning undergraduate education and Metaverse platforms or applications in virtual classroom settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In health education, group work is essential to prepare students for working in health care and medical teams. Following the widespread adoption of online teaching, group work increasingly takes place in online environments. Although successful group work can provide good learning outcomes, it is unclear what facilitates or hinders online group work in health science education, and to what extent this topic has been addressed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers to online group work in higher health education, provide an overview of the scientific literature related to the topic, and identify knowledge gaps in the research.Methods This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley, and reporting is in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Eight online databases were searched for scientific articles published between 2012 and 2022. At least two researchers independently screened records and full-text articles and charted data including article characteristics and key information related to the research question. Findings were categorized and summarized based on the Community of Inquiry Framework.Results After screening 3671 records and 466 full-text articles, 39 articles met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed smaller group size, consistency in group composition and joint responsibility to be facilitators. Challenges with group communication, scheduling synchronous meetings and technical issues were identified as barriers. Our findings supported the importance of all three elements of the Community of Inquiry Framework: social, cognitive, and teaching presence.Conclusion This review provides an overview of facilitators and barriers to online group work in health science education. However, there is a need for further investigation of these factors and studies addressing this topic from the teachers’ perspective.

There is an emerging literature on research interviews to inform arts projects, but little on opera. This case study illustrates how research data informed an opera on Veteran recovery. Deidentified interviews were selected from 280 adults with a history of depression at 10-year follow-up to a randomized trial. Interviews were used to inform characters, storyline, and libretto. Ethical strategies included: changing details and merging stories and characters to create two Veterans and one spouse as leads, a storyline, and choral passages, with a focus on recovery from post-traumatic stress and homelessness. To engage a broad audience and address stigma, accessible composition techniques (melody, harmony) were used. We found that qualitative/mixed data can inform libretto and composition for an opera on Veteran recovery, through integrating art and health science.

This article highlights the importance of integrated search interfaces (ISI) in systematic reviews and examines the current guidelines on their use. ISI can help researchers determine the scope of their review topic and identify relevant search terms and subject headings. They can also assist in developing and documenting search strategies, as well as rapidly expanding searches to additional databases, registers, and gray literature. ISI can also be used for ongoing literature surveillance and the identification of retractions and errata. Limitations and challenges associated with the use of ISI in systematic reviews include; difficulties in translating search syntax between databases, limitations in the extensibility of controlled subject classifications, the need to select relevant databases, the commercialization of ISI hindering scientific reproducibility, challenges in maintaining the reproducibility of search strategies over time, and skills and knowledge deficits in the workforce. This article also discusses opportunities for vendors to enhance ISI to better support systematic review workflows. Features to improve ISI may include duplicate citation identification, cross-platform integration with citation management tools and screening platforms, transparency of search interface configuration, integration of bibliometrics and semantic mapping, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance search strategies. Advancements in Large Language Models in the realm of AI, along with APIs designed to incorporate these models into various software tools, have the capability to significantly enhance the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of systematic reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The information-sharing practices within alternative health social media groups makes them important spaces for analyzing and understanding the factors shaping the online spread of alternative health and health science (mis)information. Through interviews and observation of participants in alternative health groups on both Facebook and Reddit, we explore how people use health science information from government, health, and news sources, alternative health information from social media groups, and their own personal experiences and concerns to define informational (dis)trustworthiness. We identify factors that lead participants to (dis)trust health science information and explore how members assess the (dis)trustworthiness of health science information using an alternative epistemology. This alternative epistemology, or "their science," demonstrates a trust in science unless or until it contradicts members' experiences, beliefs, contextual concerns, or their own "research" practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s) Design and methods Results Conclusion Implications for the profession Impact Reporting method Patient or public contribution To discuss the methodological aspects of participatory design, arguing for a three‐phase approach and the suitability of situating participatory design within a phenomenological–hermeneutical tradition in health science.Methodological discussion based on participatory design theory, epistemology and research studies.The epistemological and methodological discussions show how the core values and key elements of participatory design align with the phenomenological–hermeneutical approach. In addition, examples of participatory design studies are provided to illustrate how it can be conducted in health science.Participatory design is a flexible framework based on genuine participation, defined by three core values: having a say, mutual learning and democratization. The iterative processes allow for adjustments in alignment with the core values and the scientific stance that defines the choice of methods, tools and techniques. A phenomenological–hermeneutic approach in participatory design studies is relevant and aligned with the core values of participatory design. Thus, this paper argues for a close integration between the participatory design methodology and the phenomenological–hermeneutic scientific approach within health science.Participatory design is a powerful methodology with core values that can co‐design sustainable health technologies with potential to impact patient care and the clinical practice of nurses. When combined with qualitative research methods, patients' lived experiences serve as the foundation for improving clinical nursing practice. Discussing the epistemological aspects of participatory design provides nurse researchers with a coherent methodological understanding, essential for the continual development of nursing research. This paper discusses the research methodology of participatory design within health sciences. It aims to address the lack of understanding of the methodology, particularly within a specific scientific stance. The main finding is the elaboration on participatory design and the relevance of a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach. The paper has the potential to impact researchers, master's and PhD students, as well as others engaged in participatory design or other methodologies related to user involvement within health science. No available EQUATOR guidelines were applicable to this methodological paper, as no new data were created or analysed.There was no direct patient or public contribution, as this is a methodological paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Story telling is one of the most time honored methods for conveying ideas, inspiring action and offering insights into the foibles and ferment of the human condition. This editorial offers a glimpse into what is sparking the imaginations and passions of health promotion professionals by simply asking them 'what are you reading?' Those who shared the books currently sitting alongside their reading chairs were not asked to select books that were related to improving health and well-being. Still, it came as no surprise that contributors to this article uniformly described plots, characters and narratives that illuminate how life circumstances can accost health and jeopardize well-being. What's more, you will see that in fiction, non-fiction and fanciful fables alike, health promotion professionals extract inspiration from these books and find ways to apply the moral of these stories toward the improvement of our profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the emergence of the first health library standards, a large body of literature has been published in this field, most often focusing on a particular standard, or set of standards. In the case of literature reviews, they have been usually partial and integrated into a broader study. Objective: Identify and analyse national health library standards developed in different countries worldwide over the past 70 years, tracing their historical development and current status. Method: A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, LISA, and Google Scholar up to May 2023. The reference lists and citations of retrieved papers were reviewed. After screening and eligibility, a total of 112 papers were included in the final selection. Results: More than 40 national hospital library standards published by a group of Anglo‐Saxon and European countries were identified. In a chronological approach, the standards have been arranged by decades, from the 1950s to the present day, and the context of their appearance, their main contributions, and the relationships between them have been analysed. The major trends that have marked their evolution and development over time have also been established. Conclusion: Standards have a key role to play in the important challenge facing health libraries today to demonstrate the high impact and value of their services in the functioning of their organisations and in improving patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soft skills and flipped classrooms are important in the fields of education, nursing, and health techniques. Aim: This study determined nursing teachers’ knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms. Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical focus involving 100 teachers. Settings: The study was conducted at the Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS) at Agadir and its annex in Tiznit. Participants: One hundred permanent and temporary teachers (with an equal distribution of male and female teachers) participated in the survey. Methods: A five-part questionnaire was used to collect data. The independent variable was the use of a flipped classroom and dependent variable was the development of soft skills. SPSS version 25 software was used to process the data. Chi-square test, Ficher's test, binary logistic regression test, and multivariate logistic regression model were employed for data analysis. Results: In total, 80 % participants had knowledge of soft skills, and 75 % knew about flipped classrooms. The most important soft skills were considered to be communication, stress management, teamwork, conflict management, problem-solving, time management, critical thinking, autonomy, adaptability, and decision-making. The five soft skills considered most likely to be developed by flipped classrooms were autonomy, analysis, teamwork, communication, and time management. Furthermore, the development of soft skills through the flipped classrooms was independently associated with soft skills training (p = 0.008) and use of flipped classrooms (p = 0.042). Conclusions: Teachers have knowledge of soft skills and flipped classrooms despite a lack of training, and flipped classrooms contribute to the development of soft skills.

ChatGPT, a large language model, has gained significance in medical writing, particularly in case reports that document the course of an illness. This article explores the integration of ChatGPT and how ChatGPT shapes the process, product, and politics of medical writing in the real world. We conducted a bibliometric analysis on case reports utilizing ChatGPT and indexed in PubMed, encompassing publication information. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis was conducted to categorize the applications and limitations of ChatGPT and the publication trend of application categories. A total of 66 case reports utilizing ChatGPT were identified, with a predominant preference for the online version and English input by the authors. The prevalent application categories were information retrieval and content generation. Notably, this trend remained consistent across different months. Within the subset of 32 articles addressing ChatGPT limitations in case report writing, concerns related to inaccuracies and a lack of clinical context were prominently emphasized. This pointed out the important role of clinical thinking and professional expertise, representing the foundational tenets of medical education, while also accentuating the distinction between physicians and generative artificial intelligence.

ChatGPT, a large language model, has gained significance in medical writing, particularly in case reports that document the course of an illness. This article explores the integration of ChatGPT and how ChatGPT shapes the process, product, and politics of medical writing in the real world. We conducted a bibliometric analysis on case reports utilizing ChatGPT and indexed in PubMed, encompassing publication information. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis was conducted to categorize the applications and limitations of ChatGPT and the publication trend of application categories. A total of 66 case reports utilizing ChatGPT were identified, with a predominant preference for the online version and English input by the authors. The prevalent application categories were information retrieval and content generation. Notably, this trend remained consistent across different months. Within the subset of 32 articles addressing ChatGPT limitations in case report writing, concerns related to inaccuracies and a lack of clinical context were prominently emphasized. This pointed out the important role of clinical thinking and professional expertise, representing the foundational tenets of medical education, while also accentuating the distinction between physicians and generative artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Library websites are important for marketing library services and providing access to electronic resources. Objectives: To determine the extent and quality of medical college (school) library websites in Pakistan, according to predetermined criteria. Methods: A checklist of 40 items was developed from the literature on academic library website evaluation as well as observation of known best practice. The checklist was used on the 45 medical college websites that fitted initial inclusion criteria. Results: Of the possible 114 candidates for inclusion, 52 institution websites contained no information about the library, 17 only provided minimum details, leaving 45 medical college library websites that could be included. Library websites lack uniformity, and most of the important features as only three library websites contained more than 20 items from the checklist. The Agha Khan University Medical College, Karachi library website contained the highest (27) number of items. Discussion: The findings indicate the design of medical college library websites is generally inadequate in Pakistan. The websites are not performing a useful role in communicating with faculty and students. The findings point to inadequate website design skills among librarians or the lack of co‐operation with professional website designers. Conclusions: Marketing of library services and good customer relations demand improvements in the information architecture of medical college library websites as well as continued maintenance of the content to ensure that it is up to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the outbreak of coronavirus disease, 83% of households experienced a reduction in income, more than 25% of Filipinos reported anxieties, and 66,000 deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported. With the pandemic, nurses are an essential part of the healthcare industry. With the notion that nurses now handle a variety of patients, sometimes nurses neglect their health. This study bridges the gap between the nurses' health situation when afflicted with COVID-19, and how they can manage their health in terms of stress management, interpersonal, and spiritual aspects while in quarantine. Thus, using the quantitative design, this study determined the extent of impact of quarantine on the stress management, interpersonal, and spiritual growth of nurses who were infected with COVID-19 and experienced quarantine in Negros Occidental when they were taken as a whole and grouped according to age, sex, civil status, areas of the hospital, and types of quarantine facility. Also, it investigated on the relationship between the demographics and the impact of quarantine on stress management and interpersonal and spiritual growth of nurses. The study determined a very great extent of quarantine impact on the stress management, interpersonal, and spiritual growth of nurses who were infected with COVID-19 and experienced quarantine in Negros Occidental. There was a significant relationship for age and areas of the hospital on the impact of quarantine; while there was no significant relationship for the variables sex, civil status, and types of quarantine facilities on the impact of quarantine. It is essential to recognize that stress is a subjective experience that varies from person to person; it is crucial for policymakers and healthcare providers to recognize the importance of addressing the mental health needs of individuals in quarantine facilities. At the same time, the administrators should recognize and address different challenges encountered by nurses in quarantine to ensure their well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundIncreased knowledge about the health impacts of climate change would motivate health students and health professionals to adopt sustainable healthcare practices, design climate-centered health programs, help build climate-resilient health systems, and ultimately contribute to the global effort of mitigating climate change.MethodAn Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Universities in the Amhara region. A total of 616 undergraduate health science students were included from three Universities. A validated, self-administered structured questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using STATA™ version 14.0. A Logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the health impacts of climate change. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultOnly 48.5% (95% CI: 44.6, 52.4) of students had good knowledge regarding the health impacts of climate change. Sex of the student—male (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.032, 2.023), University (AOR = 0.534, 95% CI: 0.360, 0.792), and Department—comprehensive Nursing, (AOR = 0.264, 95% CI: 0.117, 0.592), Midwifery (AOR = 0.201, 95% CI: 0.085, 0.476), and Medical Laboratory (AOR = 0.151, 95% CI: 0.055, 0.413) were significantly associated factors.ConclusionThe knowledge of the health impacts of climate change among health science students was low. Sex, University, and Department were the associated factors. Hence, undergraduate health science programs should incorporate at least the fundamental details of climate change. Universities should also develop and use a harmonized curriculum.

Improvements in the quality and safety of patient treatment are enhanced with the use of electronic medical records (EMRs). Despite the use of EMR, no established data existed on perceptions and self-efficacy and their relationship at the local level. The study assessed the interrelationships among personal characteristics, perceptions, and self-efficacy on EMR system use among 306 health professionals of a tertiary private hospital in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines, for the second quarter of 2023 who were chosen utilizing a proportionate stratified random sampling. This quantitative research used the descriptive, correlational design. Findings revealed that most respondents were young adults, females, had bachelor's degrees, had good typing ability, and had training in EMR systems. Most belonged to the medical department, used the system moderately, and served for 1-3 years. Overall, perceptions of EMR and self-efficacy were good. All the personal characteristics had a relationship with perceptions of EMR. All personal characteristics, except gender, were correlated with self-efficacy. However, gender was not. Lastly, perceptions of EMR had a relationship with self-efficacy. To address the findings, an action plan for telehealth utilization was created. In conclusion, perceptions of EMR and self-efficacy are influenced by personal characteristics, while perceptions of EMR influence self-efficacy.

A growing amount of research is being conducted on cultural intelligence (CQ), which is the ability to adjust and adapt successfully to a variety of surroundings. CQ is a vital quality for people in diversified societies, as are seen today. However, it is still unclear how an individual can develop or strengthen CQ because previous studies have shown that variables such as foreign experience and personality are not exclusively sufficient as CQ antecedents. If CQ can be treated health-scientifically, as the CQ developers argue, diet and exercise that are effective in keeping the body and brain healthy may also correlate with CQ. It is of great significance to clarify the relationship between lifestyle and CQ by applying recent previous research showing the relationship between CQ and both the brain and intelligence, as well as between lifestyle and both the brain and intelligence. Using data derived from 142 Japanese businesspersons, the results of structural equation modeling indicate that lifestyles (dietary balance and walking frequency) are significantly associated with CQ after controlling for personalities (curiosity and grit) and international experiences (length of studying and working abroad), which have been used as predictors of CQ in previous studies. Furthermore, the moderation test showed that the effect of dietary balance on increasing CQ is greater for people with less overseas experience, indicating that dietary balance compensates for lack of overseas experience in the effect of maintaining the level of CQ. These suggest the effectiveness of a health-scientific approach to the influencing factors of CQ. This study is the first to show that CQ is influenced by lifestyle such as walking and dieting, in addition to personality and overseas experience, and will contribute to the future development of health science and cross-cultural research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in the quality and safety of patient treatment are enhanced with the use of electronic medical records (EMRs). Despite the use of EMR, no established data existed on perceptions and self-efficacy and their relationship at the local level. The study assessed the interrelationships among personal characteristics, perceptions, and self-efficacy on EMR system use among 306 health professionals of a tertiary private hospital in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines, for the second quarter of 2023 who were chosen utilizing a proportionate stratified random sampling. This quantitative research used the descriptive, correlational design. Findings revealed that most respondents were young adults, females, had bachelor's degrees, had good typing ability, and had training in EMR systems. Most belonged to the medical department, used the system moderately, and served for 1-3 years. Overall, perceptions of EMR and self-efficacy were good. All the personal characteristics had a relationship with perceptions of EMR. All personal characteristics, except gender, were correlated with self-efficacy. However, gender was not. Lastly, perceptions of EMR had a relationship with self-efficacy. To address the findings, an action plan for telehealth utilization was created. In conclusion, perceptions of EMR and self-efficacy are influenced by personal characteristics, while perceptions of EMR influence self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in health science education. First, we describe the impact of the AI-powered language model on learning and curriculum development by probing into its ability to create personalized learning, adaptive assessments, and simulation-based training. Second, we discuss how ChatGPT can help in Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) to enhance patient safety and minimize diagnostic errors. Third, the role of ChatGPT in patient communication and engagement is highlighted primarily in providing multilingual support and enhancing health literacy. Finally, we recognize several challenges and limitations on the use of ChatGPT and emphasized the need for a balanced approach that combines the strengths of AI-driven assistance with the expertise of human educators. By considering these factors, health science education stands poised to leverage ChatGPT's full potential, ultimately preparing a more proficient and empathetic healthcare workforce for the challenges of tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT, which is based on a large language model (LLM), is gaining popularity in academic institutions, notably in the medical field. This article provides a brief overview of the capabilities of ChatGPT for medical writing and its implications for academic integrity. It provides a list of AI generative tools, common use of AI generative tools for medical writing, and provides a list of AI generative text detection tools. It also provides recommendations for policymakers, information professionals, and medical faculty for the constructive use of AI generative tools and related technology. It also highlights the role of health sciences librarians and educators in protecting students from generating text through ChatGPT in their academic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are key to improving access to timely care at the local level and to ensuring quality, innovation, and developments in healthcare in Europe and worldwide. As we begin the process of implementing APNs in the Estonian healthcare system, it is necessary to understand what roles are attributed to APNs within the nursing profession in order to distinguish them from the roles of other healthcare professionals in the country. Therefore, qualitative longitudinal research was conducted to describe and understand how APN students identify their higher-level roles in their specialities and positions. 183 narrative essays written by the APN students in the second semester of their masterâs studies in Health Sciences at Tallinn Health Care College were analysed using inductive content analysis. Eight roles of APNs were revealed as observed by the students themselves: the continuously evolving direct care provider, the experience counsellor, the improving practitioner, the team player, the fighter and the advocate, the developer and the promoter, the leader, and the advancer on the move. From this we can conclude that APN students are already experienced and focused on clinical practice and evidence-based activities as a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) while they have acquired and apply all the other core competencies of an Advanced Practise Nurse. The period of the COVID-19 pandemic and developing advanced practice has significantly increased the APN studentsâ ability to work in and lead teams, and their courage to protect the rights of patients and nurses.

Introduction: The prevalence of mental health disorders continues to increase yearly worldwide. Low mental health literacy has been identified as the leading cause of the increasing prevalence of mental disorders. In order to improve community awareness of mental health-related issues, including students, exploring health science students at the university level is also essential. This study aimed to investigate mental health literacy among health science students. Materials and Methods: This study is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted from May to October 2022 at a state university. The population is health sciences students of Universitas Hasanuddin in Indonesia. The participants were selected by a simple random sampling method. The data collected through the Mental Health Literacy Scale for Healthcare Students (MHLS-HS). We analyzed data by the descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square, Pearson Correlation tests, and SPSS software. Results: The results showed that predominantly participants were female (84.4%), Sulawesi ethnic (87.2%), living in urban areas (60.7%), frequently accessing mental health information (55.9%), and attending seminars and workshops (76.3%), have a moderate level on mental health literacy (51.2%). Information access has shown a statistically significant impact on mental health knowledge among health science students (P= 0.009). Conclusion: Mental health knowledge among health science students was correlated to information access, in which, more frequently, students accessing mental health information through online news/media could affect their knowledge. In order to strengthen the evidence, further study with large sample size and variables is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health science graduate programs are intensive experiences in students' lives which can contribute to perceived symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. The consequent impact of these symptoms can have an overall effect on the graduate students' ability to participate in their daily lives, along with their program of study. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of health science graduate students who experience perceived signs and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. An open-ended, qualitative phenomenological survey was used to understand the experiences of 56 Doctor of Occupational Therapy, Doctor of Physical Therapy, and Doctor of Pharmacy students at a university in the southeastern United States. Three themes were identified from the data: the cyclic effect of symptoms and triggers; the importance of support systems; and the benefit of coping skill utilization. Future research is needed to understand the effects of preventive and rehabilitative measures to address health science graduate students' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In health and social science and other fields where count data analysis is important, zero-inflated models have been employed when the frequency of zero count is high (inflated). Due to multiple reasons, there are scenarios in which an additional count value of k > 0 occurs with high frequency. The zero- and k-inflated Poisson distribution model (ZkIP) is more appropriate for such situations. The ZkIP model is a mixture distribution with three components: degenerate distributions at 0 and k count and a Poisson distribution. In this article, we propose an alternative and computationally fast expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain the parameter estimates for grouped zero and k-inflated count data. The asymptotic standard errors are derived using the complete data approach. We compare the zero- and k-inflated Poisson model with its zero-inflated and non-inflated counterparts. The best model is selected based on commonly used criteria. The theoretical results are supplemented with the analysis of two real-life datasets from health sciences.

Introduction/backgroundCourse evaluation in health education is a common practice yet few comprehensive evaluations of health education exist that measure the impact and outcomes these programs have on developing health graduate capabilities.Aim/objectivesTo explore how curricula contribute to health graduate capabilities and what factors contribute to the development of these capabilities.MethodsUsing contribution analysis evaluation, a six-step iterative process, key stakeholders in the six selected courses were engaged in an iterative theory-driven evaluation. The researchers collectively developed a postulated theory-of-change. Then evidence from existing relevant documents were extracted using documentary analysis. Collated findings were presented to academic staff, industry representatives and graduates, where additional data was sought through focus group discussions - one for each discipline. The focus group data were used to validate the theory-of-change. Data analysis was conducted iteratively, refining the theory of change from one course to the next.ResultsThe complexity in teaching and learning, contributed by human, organizational and curriculum factors was highlighted. Advances in knowledge, skills, attitudes and graduate capabilities are non-linear and integrated into curriculum. Work integrated learning significantly contributes to knowledge consolidation and forming professional identities for health professional courses. Workplace culture and educators’ passion impact on the quality of teaching and learning yet are rarely considered as evidence of impact.DiscussionCapturing the episodic and contextual learning moments is important to describe success and for reflection for improvement. Evidence of impact of elements of courses on future graduate capabilities was limited with the focus of evaluation data on satisfaction.ConclusionContribution analysis has been a useful evaluation method to explore the complexity of the factors in learning and teaching that influence graduate capabilities in health-related courses.

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are key to improving access to timely care at the local level and to ensuring quality, innovation, and developments in healthcare in Europe and worldwide. As we begin the process of implementing APNs in the Estonian healthcare system, it is necessary to understand what roles are attributed to APNs within the nursing profession in order to distinguish them from the roles of other healthcare professionals in the country. Therefore, qualitative longitudinal research was conducted to describe and understand how APN students identify their higher-level roles in their specialities and positions. 183 narrative essays written by the APN students in the second semester of their master's studies in Health Sciences at Tallinn Health Care College were analysed using inductive content analysis. Eight roles of APNs were revealed as observed by the students themselves: the continuously evolving direct care provider, the experience counsellor, the improving practitioner, the team player, the fighter and the advocate, the developer and the promoter, the leader, and the advancer on the move. From this we can conclude that APN students are already experienced and focused on clinical practice and evidence-based activities as a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) while they have acquired and apply all the other core competencies of an Advanced Practise Nurse. The period of the COVID-19 pandemic and developing advanced practice has significantly increased the APN students' ability to work in and lead teams, and their courage to protect the rights of patients and nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reference services have become a staple in many libraries, but these services reached a new level of importance when in-person reference shut down in response to COVID-19. This descriptive study aims to discover how health sciences librarians utilized virtual reference services in response to the pandemic. A survey was developed and distributed to health sciences librarians. The survey addressed the status of virtual reference services before and during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as any changes that are seen as libraries reopen. Virtual reference shifted heavily to video conferencing during the pandemic both for librarians at home and those remaining onsite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine amidst the pandemic has heralded a paradigm shift. Healthcare students in nursing, medicine, and dentistry must have positive attitudes owing to their future role in vaccine recommendations to the public and patients. This meta-regression analysis assessed the differences in COVID-19 vaccination intention (VI) of nursing, medical, and dental students. Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Korean MBASE were searched for eligible studies. Quality was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality appraisal. Forty-one studies were included in the final analysis, and the estimation of pooled prevalence (68%) and relevant factors were assessed. Dental students were found to have the lowest VI (57%), which significantly (p = .018) differed from that of nursing students (64%). Countries in South-East Asia and those with high income levels were found to have high VI. Therefore, global vaccine programs for healthcare students should be prepared considering their geographical and economic status.

Background: Problematic internet use (PIU) is a growing concern among teenage and college students. Excessive internet use has detrimental effects on physical and mental health. This study aims to assess the computer usage pattern and calculate the frequency of PIU in undergraduate health science students at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, a remote place of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from October to November 2022. Data were collected from all the undergraduate students who consented to participate. The questionnaire included students’ computer-related behaviours. PIU was defined as a score of 42 or above on the PIU questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics, keeping p value