Search

The prosperous evolution of conductive hydrogel‐based skin sensors is attracting tremendous attention nowadays. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously integrate excellent mechanical strength, desirable electrical conductivity, admirable sensing performance, and brilliant healability in hydrogel‐based skin sensors for high‐performance diagnostic healthcare sensing and wearable human‐machine interface, as well as robust photothermal performance for promptly intelligent photothermal therapy followed by the medical diagnosis and superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance for personal protection. Herein, a flexible healable MXene hydrogel‐based skin sensor is prepared through a delicate combination of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets network with the polymeric network. The as‐prepared skin sensor is featured with significantly enhanced mechanical, conducting, and sensing performances, along with robust self‐healability, good biocompatibility, and reliable injectability, enabling ultrasensitive human motion monitoring and teeny electrophysiological signals sensing. As a frontier technology in artificial intelligence, machine learning can facilitate to efficiently and precisely identify the electromyography signals produced by various human motions (such as variable finger gestures) with up to 99.5% accuracy, affirming the reliability of the machine learning‐assisted gesture identification with great potential in smart personalized healthcare and human‐machine interaction. Moreover, the MXene hydrogel‐based skin sensor displays prominent EMI shielding performance, demonstrating the great promise of effective personal protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The prosperous evolution of conductive hydrogel‐based skin sensors is attracting tremendous attention nowadays. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously integrate excellent mechanical strength, desirable electrical conductivity, admirable sensing performance, and brilliant healability in hydrogel‐based skin sensors for high‐performance diagnostic healthcare sensing and wearable human‐machine interface, as well as robust photothermal performance for promptly intelligent photothermal therapy followed by the medical diagnosis and superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance for personal protection. Herein, a flexible healable MXene hydrogel‐based skin sensor is prepared through a delicate combination of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets network with the polymeric network. The as‐prepared skin sensor is featured with significantly enhanced mechanical, conducting, and sensing performances, along with robust self‐healability, good biocompatibility, and reliable injectability, enabling ultrasensitive human motion monitoring and teeny electrophysiological signals sensing. As a frontier technology in artificial intelligence, machine learning can facilitate to efficiently and precisely identify the electromyography signals produced by various human motions (such as variable finger gestures) with up to 99.5% accuracy, affirming the reliability of the machine learning‐assisted gesture identification with great potential in smart personalized healthcare and human‐machine interaction. Moreover, the MXene hydrogel‐based skin sensor displays prominent EMI shielding performance, demonstrating the great promise of effective personal protection.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with short organic chains terminated with specific functional groups are attractive for modifying surface properties for a variety of applications, including being a copper diffusion barrier layer on Si wafer. However, SAM formation is process-sensitive and ideal SAM is difficult to obtain, both of which need to carefully deal with before practical use. Herein we developed a system to achieve seamless electroless deposited copper (ELD Cu) film on an amino-terminated silane SAM modified Si wafer with the help of a bifunctional polyvinyl alcohol-capped Pd nanocluster (PVA-Pd) catalyst. The PVA-Pd acts as a catalyst for ELD Cu as well as a healing agent to fix defects of the amino silane SAM. The sheet resistance, cross-sectional morphology analysis and adhesion of ELD Cu on the Si wafer are extensively studied. By controlling the abundancy of PVA in PVA-Pd, the diffusion barrier property of a flawed amino-terminated silane SAM remains reliably effective even after a 500 °C rapid thermal annealing (RTA), evidencing the superior healing function of PVA. The whole thickness of the PVA-Pd/amino-terminated silane SAM before and after RTA is 〜6 nm and 〜2 nm, respectively, which is applicable for advanced microelectronic manufacturing.

Comprehensive Summary: Covalent/metal organic frameworks are highly attractive due to their tunable structure and properties, and broad applications in multiple fields. However, they still suffer from numbers of drawbacks including low solubility, harsh synthesis and fabrication, and low mechanical flexibility. Herein, we report a new organic framework consisting of macrocycles and organic frames in its periodic structure, and denote it as macrocycle organic polymer (MOP). The size‐tunable macrocycles containing peripheral furan units are synthesized by anionic ring‐opening polymerization, which undergo a reversible Diels‐Alde reaction with bismaleimide to generate/degrade MOPs at given temperatures. Relying on above features, MOPs exhibit excellent flexibility, healable ability and recycle ability. Interestingly, owing to the "living" nature of anionic ring‐opening polymerization, MOPs can self‐grow into bigger sizes in the presence of monomer and catalysis, analogs to the living creatures. Moreover, their high porosity and rich thioether structure enable them as good metal ion absorbers and promising applications in wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Covalent/metal organic frameworks are highly attractive due to their tunable structure and properties, and broad applications in multiple fields. However, they still suffer from numbers of drawbacks including low solubility, harsh synthesis and fabrication, and low mechanical flexibility. Herein, we report a new organic framework consisting of macrocycles and organic frames in its periodic structure, and denote it as macrocycle organic polymer (MOP). The size‐tunable macrocycles containing peripheral furan units are synthesized by anionic ring‐opening polymerization, which undergo a reversible Diels‐Alde reaction with bismaleimide to generate/degrade MOPs at given temperatures. Relying on above features, MOPs exhibit excellent flexibility, healable ability and recycle ability. Interestingly, owing to the "living" nature of anionic ring‐opening polymerization, MOPs can self‐grow into bigger sizes in the presence of monomer and catalysis, analogs to the living creatures. Moreover, their high porosity and rich thioether structure enable them as good metal ion absorbers and promising applications in wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PDMAAm/Zn(CF 3 SO 3) 2 ionogels were synthesized by UV-initiated polymerization of DMAAm in ionic liquid solvent [Bmim][TfO]. • The obtained ionogels demonstrated high mechanical properties and superior healable performance under infrared light treatment. • The developed zinc ion batteries showed the high working voltage of 2.5 V. • The zinc ion batteries possessed excellent rehealability for five broken/healed cycles with slight 12.5% performance decay. • The re-healable zinc ion batteries exhibited good flexibility even after 5000 times bending cycles. Flexible and multifunctional zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) play an important role in flexible or wearable electronics. Polymer gels with outstanding mechanical stretchability and high ionic conductivity are very promising to be used as electrolytes for the solid-state ZIBs. Herein, a novel ionogel of poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide)/zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (PDMAAm/Zn(CF 3 SO 3) 2) is designed and synthesized by UV-initiated polymerization of monomer DMAAm in ionic liquid solvent 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Bmim][TfO]). The prepared PDMAAm/Zn(CF 3 SO 3) 2 ionogels possess high mechanical performance (893.7% tensile strain and 151.0 kPa tensile strength), moderate ionic conductivity (0.96 mS cm−1) and superior healable performance. The as-prepared ZIBs based on PDMAAm/Zn(CF 3 SO 3) 2 ionogel electrolyte assembled by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polyaniline as cathode and CNTs/Zn as anode not only exhibit excellent electrochemical properties (up to 2.5 V), flexible and cyclic performance , but also possess good healability for five broken/healed cycles with slight 12.5% performance decay. More significantly, the broken/healed ZIBs exhibit superior flexibility and cyclic stability. This ionogel electrolyte can be extended the flexible energy storage devices for use in other multifunctional portable and wearable energy related devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, hydrogel-based flexible sensors have garnered increasing attention in research. Ionic hydrogels, enriched with large amounts of ionic liquids, exhibit electrical conductivity, excellent electrochemical stability, anti-freezing, and antimicrobial properties. However, most ionic hydrogels suffer from poor mechanical properties, limiting their adaptability to more complex application scenarios. Integrating conductive polymers into hydrogels leads to desirable features such as increased specific surface area, soft and biocompatible interfaces, and high electrolyte permeability. In this study, we successfully prepared Fe3+/Ap@PVA/PEDOT double-network hydrogel. Utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the primary matrix, we introduced PEDOT:PSS and FeCl 3 to confer conductivity to the hydrogel. The incorporation of amylopectin (Ap) further enhanced mechanical performance. The resulted hydrogel sensor exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, allowing for stretching up to 347 % and withstanding a tensile force of 505 kPa. In addition, it exhibits excellent antifreeze properties (can work at −30 °C), healability, water retention, and high sensitivity to stretching (GF = 4.72 at a 200 % strain ratio), compression (GF = 2.97 at a 12 % compressive ratio), and temperature (TCR = 2.46). These remarkable properties of the hydrogel make it possible in applications such as human motion monitoring, handwriting recognition, and temperature sensing. [Display omitted] • A robust ionic and conductive polymer double network hydrogel structure is successfully fabricated. • The resulted hydrogel sensor exhibits outstanding properties in mechanical, antifreeze , healability and water retention. • The hydrogel exhibits excellent sensitivity to stretching, compression, and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of supramolecular comb polymers (SCPs) with adhesive and healable characteristics have been generated through the copolymerisation of methacrylate monomers featuring aromatic amide functionalities with lauryl methacrylate. By varying the amide functionality and loading of the supramolecular monomers, the properties of the resulting SCPs can be tailored, ultimately providing stable films at room temperature. As the loading of the amide-bearing monomer was increased, the phase separation between the hard and soft domains was enhanced, promoting larger hard-domain aggregation, as observed via atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mechanical properties of the SCPs correlated to the loading of the amide-bearing monomers, by increasing the mol% incorporation the resulting SCPs transition from possessing high strain to high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus (YM). Over several re-adhesion cycles, the SCPs were shown to retain their shear strength when thermally adhered to both glass and aluminium substrates. Additionally, the SCPs exhibited healable properties at elevated temperatures (> 45 °C) allowing for the recovery of mechanical properties post-damage. [Display omitted] • Novel aromatic amide functionalised supramolecular monomers. • Supramolecular comb -polymers with varying loadings of supramolecular monomers. • Supramolecular monomer loading dictates the viscoelastic properties. • Access to strong, tough supramolecular elastomeric and healable adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward and scalable strategy was presented for the fabrication of superhydrophobic stainless steel mesh (SSM) by depositing with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to perform the hydrophobic effect. After the thermal processing with a flame for seconds, the PDMS coated steel mesh demonstrated excellent integration of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic properties. Besides, the resultant SSM showed efficient separation ability of water‐in‐oil emulsion. Furthermore, the surfaces also exhibited excellent tolerance to various chemical, UV irradiated and strongly friction‐resistant against sandpaper (50 g of force for 1000 cm). More strikingly, the damaged surfaces losing its superhydrophobicity can be simply healed by reapplying flame heat to the worn area. This straightforward and healable synthetic strategy for the manufacture of superhydrophobic SSM offers potential applications in large‐scale oil/water separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights The cationic waterborne polyurethanes microspheres with Diels-Alder bonds were synthesized for the first time. The electrostatic attraction not only endows the composite with segregated structure to gain high electromagnetic-interference shielding effectiveness, but also greatly enhances mechanical properties. Efficient healing property was realized under heating environment. Abstract It is still challenging for conductive polymer composite-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to achieve long-term stability while maintaining high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), especially undergoing external mechanical stimuli, such as scratches or large deformations. Herein, an electrostatic assembly strategy is adopted to design a healable and segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene oxide (GO)/polyurethane (PU) composite with excellent and reliable EMI SE, even bearing complex mechanical condition. The negatively charged CNT/GO hybrid is facilely adsorbed on the surface of positively charged PU microsphere to motivate formation of segregated conductive networks in CNT/GO/PU composite, establishing a high EMI SE of 52.7 dB at only 10 wt% CNT/GO loading. The Diels–Alder bonds in PU microsphere endow the CNT/GO/PU composite suffering three cutting/healing cycles with EMI SE retention up to 90%. Additionally, the electrostatic attraction between CNT/GO hybrid and PU microsphere helps to strong interfacial bonding in the composite, resulting in high tensile strength of 43.1 MPa and elongation at break of 626%. The healing efficiency of elongation at break achieves 95% when the composite endured three cutting/healing cycles. This work demonstrates a novel strategy for developing segregated EMI shielding composite with healable features and excellent mechanical performance and shows great potential in the durable and high precision electrical instruments.

[Display omitted] • Sustainable covalent adaptable networks are prepared by biomass-based resources. • Acyl azides react with acetoacetates to form dynamic amide bonds. • Covalent cross-linked elastomers exhibit thermal healability and recyclability. • The robust elastomers with adjustable properties are fully biodegraded in soil within 24 weeks. Developing sustainable, recyclable, and biodegradable elastomers with the mechanical properties comparable to commercial polymers presents a formidable challenge. To this end, we synthesize a kind of mechanically robust elastomers cross-linked by acetoacetyl formed amides (AFAs) through reacting biomass-based derivatives castor oil acetoacetates (ACO) and terephthaloyl diazides (TPD). Inspired by the transformation of acyl azides into isocyanates via Curtius rearrangement upon thermal treatment, we show for the first time that the reaction of acetoacetates and acyl azides could afford AFAs as well. The AFAs, which have been demonstrated dynamic in our previous works, impart excellent thermal recyclability and healability to the obtained elastomers. Upon controlling the content of AFAs, the mechanical properties and dielectric properties of the elastomers could be flexibly adjusted. Moreover, the elastomers exhibit notable biodegradability, degrading in soil within 24 weeks. We anticipate that this recyclable and biodegradable elastomer represents a promising alternative to its conventional, nonrecyclable polymer counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Camouflage and wound healing are two vital functions for cephalopods to survive from dangerous ocean risks. Inspired by these dual functions, herein, we report a new type of healable mechanochromic (HMC) material. The bifunctional HMC material consists of two tightly bonded layers. One layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for shielding. Another layer contains supramolecular hydrogen bonding polymers and fluorochromes for healing. The as‐synthesized HMC material exhibits a tunable and reversible mechanochromic function due to the strain‐induced surface structure of composite film. The mechanochromic function can be further restored after damage because of the incorporated healable polyurethane. The healing efficiency of the damaged HMC materials can even reach 98 % at 60 °C for 6 h. The bioinspired HMC material is expected to have potential applications in the information encryption and flexible displays.

Direct energy conversion based on thermoelectric (TE) materials is a long‐term and maintenance‐free energy harvesting technique, and therefore is very promising for self‐powered wearable electronics. Yet, it is challenging to achieve high‐performance stretchable, healable, and even recyclable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) without compromising TE conversion performance due to the intrinsic mechanical rigidity and brittleness of the inorganic TE materials. Herein, recyclable, healable, and stretchable TEGs (RHS‐TEGs) are reported that are assembled from commercial Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 TE legs generating superior power density via the use of liquid metal as interconnects and dynamic covalent thermoset polyimine as encapsulation. The TEGs fabricated using this strategy are endowed with excellent TE performance, mechanical compliance, and healing and recycling capabilities. The normalized output power density and mechanical stretchability can reach up to 1.08 µW cm−2·K2 and 50%, respectively. After healing and recycling, the TEGs show output performance comparable to the original devices. The TEGs also exhibit high reliability and stability under cyclic deformation. This study paves the way for sustainable application of TEGs as energy harvesters to power wearable electronics using body heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Graphene nanoplatelets were prepared by a mechanochemistry method. • Stretchable polyurethane-urea nanocomposites were developed as sensing materials. • A sensor revealed a strain sensitivity of 17.57. • A sensor was designed to simultaneously acquire temperature and strain signals. • The healing efficiency for sensitivity of up to 70.46 %. Flexible wearable electronic devices offer promising potential for monitoring physiological signals. However, creating a single sensor that integrates high tensile strength, sensitivity, self-healing capabilities and a wide working range presents a significant and multifaceted challenge. This study reports a novel nanocomposite consisting of polyurethane-urea elastomer (PUU) and graphene nanoplatelets (E-GNPs) that are mechanochemically modified with diethyltoluene diamine ethacure 100. A low electrical percolation threshold was observed at 4.17 vol% E-GNPs. The sensor based on the PUU nanocomposite at 7 vol% of E-GNPs has revealed a gauge factor up to 17.57 and a wide working range of 361.76 % with high tensile strength of 19.73 MPa. It can withstand 20,000 cycles at 50 % strain. The sensor exhibits negative temperature dependence at 20–100 °C, with a resolution of 0.01/°C at 36–40 °C. Treatments with solvents and heat enable a healing efficiency for sensitivity of up to 70.46 %. The healable sensor enables real-time monitoring of temperature and strain signals, making it ideal for wearable devices in human health and sports monitoring. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The cationic waterborne polyurethanes microspheres with Diels-Alder bonds were synthesized for the first time. The electrostatic attraction not only endows the composite with segregated structure to gain high electromagnetic-interference shielding effectiveness, but also greatly enhances mechanical properties. Efficient healing property was realized under heating environment. It is still challenging for conductive polymer composite-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to achieve long-term stability while maintaining high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), especially undergoing external mechanical stimuli, such as scratches or large deformations. Herein, an electrostatic assembly strategy is adopted to design a healable and segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene oxide (GO)/polyurethane (PU) composite with excellent and reliable EMI SE, even bearing complex mechanical condition. The negatively charged CNT/GO hybrid is facilely adsorbed on the surface of positively charged PU microsphere to motivate formation of segregated conductive networks in CNT/GO/PU composite, establishing a high EMI SE of 52.7 dB at only 10 wt% CNT/GO loading. The Diels–Alder bonds in PU microsphere endow the CNT/GO/PU composite suffering three cutting/healing cycles with EMI SE retention up to 90%. Additionally, the electrostatic attraction between CNT/GO hybrid and PU microsphere helps to strong interfacial bonding in the composite, resulting in high tensile strength of 43.1 MPa and elongation at break of 626%. The healing efficiency of elongation at break achieves 95% when the composite endured three cutting/healing cycles. This work demonstrates a novel strategy for developing segregated EMI shielding composite with healable features and excellent mechanical performance and shows great potential in the durable and high precision electrical instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor nanofilm fabrication with advanced technology is of great importance for next-generation electronics/optoelectronics. Fabrication of high-quality and perfectly oriented semiconductor thin films and integration into high-performance electronic devices with low cost and high efficiency are huge challenges. Here we exquisitely utilized the Marangoni effect to perfectly guide tin disulfide (SnS 2 ) nanocoins into an ordered assembly in milliseconds, resulting in an uniaxial-oriented monolayer semiconductor film. Further exploration revealed that the formed "crumple zone" at the interface caused by the Marangoni force endows the nanofilm with a rapid healable capability, which can be easily transferred to arbitrary substrates. As a proof of concept, the nanocoin-monolayer was transferred onto a micro-interdigitated electrode substrate to form a high-performance chemiresistive sensor that can effectively monitor the trace amounts of toxic gases. In addition, the assembled monolayer nanofilms can be conformally printed on freeform surfaces: both flat and nonflat substrates. This efficient and low-cost Marangoni force-assisted surface self-assembly (MFA-SSA) strategy is promising for advanced microelectronics and real industrial applications.

Most self‐healing materials based on noncovalent bonding suffer from poor mechanical performance, which largely limits their further application. Herein, we designed and synthesized robust and healable polymers that can be healed under heating. They consist of a linear and three‐arm branched polyurethane mixture with triazole ligand end groups that are noncovalently linked through Fe–triazole interaction. The three‐arm branched polyurethane in the polymer mixture would imply parts of Fe‐triazole coordination bonds were replaced by covalent bonds and, as a consequence, yield materials with improved mechanical properties. Additionally, the mechanical properties of resulting polymers can be tuned by the number of Fe–triazole supramolecular crosslinks. Due to the dynamic nature of Fe–triazole interaction, all the metallopolymers exhibit excellent healable efficiency (over 90%) based on toughness. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camouflage and wound healing are two vital functions for cephalopods to survive from dangerous ocean risks. Inspired by these dual functions, herein, we report a new type of healable mechanochromic (HMC) material. The bifunctional HMC material consists of two tightly bonded layers. One layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for shielding. Another layer contains supramolecular hydrogen bonding polymers and fluorochromes for healing. The as‐synthesized HMC material exhibits a tunable and reversible mechanochromic function due to the strain‐induced surface structure of composite film. The mechanochromic function can be further restored after damage because of the incorporated healable polyurethane. The healing efficiency of the damaged HMC materials can even reach 98 % at 60 °C for 6 h. The bioinspired HMC material is expected to have potential applications in the information encryption and flexible displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidione (UP y) and boronic ester was implanted polyurethane. • UP y dimers serve as physical crosslinks to improve the mechanical properties of PU. • Boronic esters are highly dynamic, which can facilitate the healing of PU. • The synergistic effect of UP y and boronic esters improve the ultimate stress and healing efficiency of PU concurrently. It is challenging to design and synthesize elastomers with both good mechanical performance and high healing efficiency because their mechanisms are mutually exclusive. This work aims to shift the trade-off between them by incorporating dynamic non-covalent bonds via 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidione (UP y) and dynamic covalent bonds via boronic ester bonds into polyurethane. The quadruple hydrogen bonds between UP y dimers serve as physical crosslinks, improving the overall mechanical properties of the polyurethane, while the boronic esters facilitate its healing. The resulting polyurethane can achieve an ultimate stress of 27.4 MPa and a healing efficiency of 90 %. The effect of healing time on the healing efficiency is modeled and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Remarkable progress has been made recently in the development of soft materials and devices for human-machine interface. Emerging soft-electronics with skin-inspired stretchable, healable and bio-degradable properties have diffused the boundaries of electronics and biology. Practical utilisation of these electronics relies on the development of a skin-inspired soft energy harvester to power them. Mechanical energy harvesters including triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators have emerged as promising energy harvesters for soft-electronics. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in stretchable, self-healing, and bio-compatible soft triboelectric nanogenerators. We explicitly discussed the operating mechanism, design strategies, fabrication techniques, and performances of the stretchable and self-healing energy harvesters. Additionally, the progress of bio-compatible energy harvesters for effective interaction with biological systems is discussed. Finally, we present the perspectives, existing challenges and future road-map for the development of skin-inspired soft mechanical energy harvesters. Graphical abstract We summarized the recent advances of skin-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator with stretchability, self-healability and bio-compatibility. The available materials, device design, and working mechanism are discussed. Presenting the perspectives, existing challenges and future road-map for the development of skin-inspired soft mechanical energy harvesters. fx1 Highlights • The recent progress of materials, conductors and strategies developed for stretchable TENGs are discussed. • The mechanisms and strategies to realise self-healing TENGs are highlighted. • The materials and methods for biocompatible and implantable TENGs are summarized and suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: A study of the reactions between various furan and maleimide model compounds and the effects of reaction conditions was performed, allowing for a proper design and preparation of a thermo‐reversible polyurethane (PU) material crosslinked via Diels–Alder (DA) bonds. Thus, a linear polyurethane containing furan groups along the main chain was synthesized and crosslinked with a bismaleimide by means of DA reaction. The obtained thermoset exhibited thermo‐reversibility as evidenced by DSC and FTIR microscopy, providing the material recyclability and scratch healability. Optical microscopy, SEM and tensile analysis of a scratched PU film revealed that efficient scratch healing was enabled by heating at 110 °C for 30 min and subsequently keeping at room temperature for 24 h, resulting in an approximately 80% recovery of the pristine mechanical strength. This material is a promising candidate for the development of self‐healing coatings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1806–1814 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flexible, healable and degradable polyurethane phase change materials (PU-PCMs) were synthesized. • The PU-PCMs exhibit high tensile strength (∼39.0 MPa), tensile strain (∼1425 %), and toughness (∼324.0 MJ/m3). • The h -BN enhanced PU-PCM film with excellent thermal regulation for the working CPU. Materials with multifunctionality, especially polymers based on dynamic covalent bonds, have attracted considerable interest due to their technological innovation. Nowadays, phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in various cutting-edge fields, while strategies for simultaneous realization of their flexibility, self-healing, high mechanical properties and degradability are still highly anticipated. In this work, we have designed and constructed a multifunctional polyurethane phase change material (PU-PCM) by the incorporation of isocyanate-hydroxy coupling reaction, where the soft phase polyethylene glycol (PEG6K) serves as latent heat storage sectors, and triple boron-urethane bonds (t -BUBs) as dynamic cross-linkers in the hard segment provide healable ability, excellent mechanical properties, and degradability through the cooperative effect of ordered H-bonding interactions. As a result, the well-designed PU-PCM exhibits high flexibility, superior tensile strength (∼39.0 MPa), tensile strain (∼1425%), and toughness (∼324.0 MJ/m3), as well as excellent healable efficiency (∼90% at room temperature), and degradability in a mildly acidic solution. Also, the h -BN enhanced PU-PCM composite film can be used to cool the working CPU as the PEG6K chains embedded in the soft segments can work as a smart thermal-regulator to harvest the undesired heat from the surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted significant interest due to their energy harvesting performances using relatively versatile and robust device architectures (i.e., a pair of stacked distinct layers connected to electrodes). The materials and device architectures of TENGs are highly compatible with emerging wearable technologies. Recently, rational surface morphology designs were considered as a key to enhancing the output efficiency. Surface relief structures can increase an effective surface area, enhance the mechanical contact area between two stacked materials, and therefore enhance the output voltage of a TENG. Unfortunately, surface reliefs in soft polymeric materials generally degrade under repetitive mechanical contact stress. This work introduces a TENG that is transformable and healable via light irradiation-induced material migration (also called by photofluidization). This technique deterministically maximizes the energy harvesting performance and remotely repairs morphological damage. As a representative example, the photo-transformable azobenzene polymer (azopolymer) was implemented in a TENG. The azopolymer surfaces were sculpted to form surface reliefs with a controlled dimensionality and periodicity. The output voltage and current obtained from the TENGs were linearly proportional to the surface area, as expected. During TENG operation, however, the surface relief collapsed and flattened. As a result, the output signals of the TENGs degraded continuously. The light-powered reversible transformation perfectly healed the surface morphology and the resultant TENG performance. The light-powered transformation and healing of the TENGs provides a facile, large-area, and reliable method for designing future flexible energy-harvesting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this article, supramolecular silicone elastomers with self-healing function were first prepared by simple and controllable 'salt-forming vulcanization' of polyaminopropylmethylsiloxane with acids. Their structures and micrographs were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments and atomic force microscope. The experimental results showed that the ion-association complexes were formed during vulcanization, and the obtained elastomers displayed self-healing and good mechanical properties even if the cross-linking agent was excessed. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the elastomers crosslinked by inorganic acid were stable under high temperature. Unexpectedly, bionic structures were observed in the elastomers, which further changed the hydrophobicity of the surfaces of the elastomers physically. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 903-911 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermally reversible and high performance polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based network was easily achieved from a novel single molecular silicone-based Diels–Alder crosslinker, which was obtained via the combination of the thiol-acrylate Michael addition and Diels-Alder click chemistries in a straightforward one-pot fashion. The high flexibility of the silicone-derived crosslinker allows for good healing of complete cuts without the need of a pre-healing step to dissociate the dynamic DA bonds. The cut healing process was possible via a single heating step at 70 °C, reaching a relatively good healing efficiency, evaluated by a tensile strength recovery of above 80%. [Display omitted] • A Diels-Alder-functionalized PDMS crosslinker was synthesized via combined thiol-acrylate and Diels-Alder click reactions. • Diels-Alder-functionalized PDMS reacted with polyisocyanate in the presence of polycaprolactone-diol for curing. • The obtained network exhibited shape memory-aided scratch and cut healability. • Healing of complete cuts at 70 °C for 24 h showed tensile strength recovery of above 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a multi-stimuli temperature shape-memory epoxy–polyethylene glycol (PEG) film with skin-responsive and self-healing properties. The epoxy–PEG films can be regulated between rigid and flexible by the dispersion of PEG with different contents. All have excellent shape-memory properties at the respective stimuli temperatures with recovery rates between 92.6 % and 99.0 %. The epoxy–PEG films can perform shape-memory response and healing at room and human body temperatures based on the PEG regulation. The completely cut films with a PEG content of 30 wt% can maintain an average tensile strength of 63.1 % after healing at room temperature. Films with a PEG content of 40 wt% after healing at room and human body temperatures can maintain average tensile strengths of 70.0 % and 93.3 %, respectively. The films healed at human body temperature still maintained an average recovery rate of 85.0 % in the shape-memory cycling test. The environmentally developed shape-memory epoxy–PEG film with controllable thermal and mechanical properties can meet the needs of various stimuli temperatures and execution modes, switching between multiple shapes, self-healing, reuse, reprocessing, and recycling, significantly expanding the application potential for thermoplastic epoxy, especially in the fields of flexible smart materials. [Display omitted] • The mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy film are regulated. • The stimuli temperature controllability of shape memory epoxy film is realized. • The response of shape memory epoxy film to human skin is realized. • The healing and reuse functions of shape memory epoxy film are realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to further extend the range of applications of polymer based materials have resulted in the recent production of healable polymers that can regain their strength after damage. Within this field of healable materials, supramolecular polymers have been subject to extensive investigation. By virtue of their reversible non-covalent interactions, cracks and fractures in such polymers can be readily and repeatedly healed in order to regain key physical properties. However, many supramolecular polymers are relatively weak and elastomeric in nature, which renders them unsuitable for high strength structural applications. To overcome these deficiencies, preliminary studies have shown that it is possible to reinforce supramolecular polymers with microscale and nanoscale fillers to afford composites that are not only stronger and stiffer compared with the polymers alone but also retain their healing abilities. In this minireview we discuss the evolution of these supramolecular composites and their advantages over more conventional, covalent polymeric materials. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mimicking the multi-functions of biological skin via ionic elastomers is of primary interest for flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, we present a facile all-in-one strategy for preparing highly stretchable and healable iontronic elastomer, being capable of luminescent caution and multimode perception. The all-in-one iontronic elastomer is composed of a phosphor-doped polydimethylsiloxane emitter sandwiched between two solid ionic gel conductors. The all-in-one iontronic elastomer is sensitive to variable stimuli, including tensile, pressure, temperature and liquid. In particular, it shows stable light emission even after stretching up to 250%, bending or twisting 180°, and cut:ting partially. Moreover, the all-in-one iontronic elastomer has been utilized for real-time monitoring of human joint motion and environmental change, as well as signal caution of wearable/portable display, suggesting great potential in personal health and safety care. A highly stretchable and healable all-in-one iontronic elastomer that enables functions such as strain, temperature, liquid sensor together with luminescence is developed. Moreover, the multifunctional all-in-one iontronic elastomer can be utilized for real-time monitoring of human joint motion and wearable/portable display. [Display omitted] • A liquid free solid ionic gel (SIG) possesses excellent stretchable and self-healable property was prepared. • An all-in-one iontronic elastomer was prepared by stacking an electroluminescent layer between two SIGs. • The iontronic elastomer exhibits stable light emission under bending, twisting, stretching, or heat treatment states. • The iontronic elastomer was utilized for real-time monitoring of human joint motion and wearable/portable display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A class of healable supramolecular phase change polymers (HOPs) were designed and prepared. • The HOPs can be driven by solar irradiation with high solar-thermal conversion efficiency (87.8 %). • The HOPs offered stable thermal energy storage capacity and excellent anti-leakage property. Phase change materials (PCMs) have been widely applied in latent heat storage technologies via harvesting thermal energy from the surrounding environment, however, they are vulnerable to damages when suffering from an external stimulus or environmental attacks, resulting in crack formation and lifespan reduction. Herein, a strategy was proposed to fabricate a series of healable supramolecular phase change polymers (HOPs), in which poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) composed the backbones with stearic acid (SA) as the side chains, and polypyrrole (PPy) was incorporated into the dynamic hydrogen-bonding networks within HOPs. The obtained HOPs exhibited excellent anti-leakage capability and long-term durability with stable energy storage capacity (111.5 J/g). In addition, via 1000 times solar irradiation experiments they demonstrated high cycling stability and reversible solar-thermal energy conversion and storage ability that are crucial for practical applications. More importantly, cracks or scratches in the HOPs can be rapidly self-repaired upon an input of external heating or light due to the hydrogen-bonding interaction, which prolongs their service life and reduces waste generation and accumulation. This successful approach may open up new ideas for designing and developing the next generation of smart thermal energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This perspectives article reviews selected key examples from the field of supramolecular polymer chemistry with the specific focus on the use of the dynamic properties that these materials possess in real-world applications. The scope of application for these fascinating materials, typically networks held in place by numerous weak, non-covalent bonds, has proven to be extremely diverse – significant effort in the past twenty years has enabled supramolecular polymers to now be found in developmental adhesives, batteries, anti-fouling coatings, healable barriers and regenerative medicines. Indeed, in recognition of the potential of these polymer chemistries, spin-out companies have been formed to exploit the commercial space that exists for materials with dynamic and reversible characteristics. The latter attribute is desirable in manufacturing materials and devices that can be recycled and reused. [Display omitted] • A selective review of the application of supramolecular polymers • Use of supramolecular self-assembly • Exciting deployment of supramolecular polymers in complex energy production and biomedical systems [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel strain sensors have attracted tremendous interest in artificial intelligence and human health monitoring for their large stretchability, good biocompatibility and self-healing capability. However, most epidermal strain sensors suffer from a poor device-skin interface, resulting in unreliability in the signal recording. Here, we prepared a self-adhesive, stretchable and compressible hydrogel consisting of dynamic cross-linked multi-walled carbon nanotubes , polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide. The hydrogel formed a stable device-skin interface without any fixation assistance and thus allowed stable human motion signal recording from walking to facial expression. The hydrogel sensors exhibited a large sensing range of 500 % with a high gauge factor of 4.02 at 300–500 % tensile strain and a compressibility up to 70 %. In addition, the hydrogel is self-healable, and the conductivity of the hydrogel can be restored within 730 ms. At last, the hydrogel sensors were applied in human motion detection from vital throat vibration to walking, which paves the way for their practical applications in health monitoring and human-machine interactions. The MWCNT/PVA/PAAm hydrogel as a flexible strain sensor synthesized by an in situ free-radical polymerization reaction have excellent stretchability, compressibility, self-healing and adhesion. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A flexible supercapacitor with self-healing ability is fabricated. • Both electrode and electrolyte contain the same healable and tough hydrogel matrix. • The integrated all-hydrogel design enable the supercapacitor with great mechanical and electrochemical stability. • The supercapacitor can maintain stable energy output even after being subjected to various deformations. • The supercapacitor can heal itself within a short time after being broken. Supercapacitors with multiple functions, such as high capacitance, high flexibility and self-healing properties, are capturing more and more attention in portable and wearable electronics. Herein, an all-hydrogel supercapacitor with multiple functions was fabricated, by sandwiching the polyaniline (PANI)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel electrodes with a PVA-based hydrogel electrolyte which both contain the same healable and tough hydrogel matrix. The special efficient assembly between of PANI and PVA enables the hydrogel electrodes with superior electric conductivity of 136 S m−1 and large specific capacitance of 351 F g−1, as well as the great robustness and self-healing ability. The all-hydrogel supercapacitor exhibited a tensile strength of 2.21 MPa, a breaking elongation of 633%, a capacitance of 78.5 F g−1, and an energy density of 7.8 Wh kg−1. Due to its great toughness and flexibility, the supercapacitor could maintain stable energy output even after being subjected to various deformations (e. g. , stretching, compressing, bending and even pinning). In addition, the severed supercapacitor could heal itself within 4 h at 70 °C, and the healed supercapacitor could restore good electrochemical properties with a healing efficiency of 49.8%. These highlighted properties enable this supercapacitor as a promising smart storage device for wearable application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An UV-responsive crosslinker is used for polymerizing hydrogel network with improved dispersion of crosslinking points. • Metal-disulfide interaction is used as a healing motif for the healing mechanism. • Microwave induced rapid and highly efficient healing process is presented. • Excellent antibacterial activity and cell viability of the hydrogel are presented. • The hydrogel shows great potential as surgical dressings for wound healing. Polymeric hydrogels prepared using organic crosslinking agents usually possess severely heterogeneous aggregation of crosslinking points because of their irregular free-radical polymerization, and the resulting mechanically weak and brittle properties greatly limit their potential applications. A straightforward strategy to improve their mechanical performance can be a combination of a uniform polymer network and a high healing capability, beneficial to restoring their structures and properties for practical applications. Herein, a facile and general strategy was reported to fabricate mechanically tough and highly efficient healable hydrogels composed of a chemically crosslinked network and metal-ligand coordination crosslinks, accompanied with highly stretchable, elastic and notch-insensitive properties. Combined with ultraviolet (UV)-responsive organic crosslinking agents, the resulting hydrogels made it possible to improve the dispersion of crosslinking points in the polymer network. The mechanical strength could be further enhanced through the introduction of metal ions (e.g., Ag+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) in the formation of metal coordination interaction. Excitingly, in light of dynamic metal-ligand coordination as a healing motif, an optimal healing efficiency of 85% in 30 s could be achieved when exposed to microwave irradiation. Furthermore, hydrogels with excellent antibacterial activity and cell viability have been demonstrated, showing great potential as surgical dressings to accelerate wound closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective recycling of spent Li metal anodes is an urgent need for energy/resource conservation and environmental protection, making Li metal batteries more affordable and sustainable. For the first time, we explore a unique sustainable healable lithium alloy anode inspired by the intrinsic healing ability of liquid metal. This lithium alloy anode can transform back to the liquid state through Li-completed extraction, and then the structure degradation generated during operation could be healed. Therefore, an ultralong cycle life of more than 1300 times can be successfully realized under harsh conditions of 5 mA h cm -2 capacitance by a process of two healing behaviors. This design improves the sustainable utilization of Li metal to a great extent, bringing about unexpected effects in the field of lithium-based anodes even at an unprecedentedly high discharge current density (up to 25 mA cm -2 ) and capacity (up to 50 mA h cm -2 ).

The development of high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites is significant to practical application of electronic equipment. Nevertheless, there still remains a challenge in achieving durable EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) when the EMI shielding materials suffers external mechanical damage or other diverse harsh circumstances. Herein, a healable EMI shielding composite was facilely developed, with dynamic crosslinking polyurethane holding Diels–Alder bonds (PUDA) as substrate and carbon nanotube (CNT) as electrical fillers. Segregated conductive networks with CNT selectively distributed among the interfaces of PUDA regions were constructed, endowing the CNT@PUDA composite with high EMI SE of 41.2 dB (X-band) at 7.0 wt% CNT loading. Thanks to the reversible Diels–Alder reaction, the CNT@PUDA composites can be repaired effectively and repetitively by heating or subjecting DC electricity. The EMI SE of cracked composite with 5.0 wt% CNT can recover from 17.1 to 33.8 dB (96% retention in comparison to original 35.5 dB) even after repeated cutting/healing process for three times, thanks to the reconstructed segregated CNT networks with the help of healable PUDA domains. The splendid mechanical properties with high healing efficiency of 91% further ensure the reliable EMI SE. The construction of DA dynamic bonds and segregated conductive network in our study offers meaningful guidance to practical construction and development of healable EMI shielding facility. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The hybrid coating possess underwater superoleophobic and antifouling properties. • The hybrid coating possess healable performance to scratch by remote NIR irradiation. • It is possible to remotely and quickly repair damaged coatings directly in water. Although quite some self-healing coatings have been reported to date, underwater healable coatings were involved very limited. Here, we report a novel underwater healable superoleophobic coating through depositing functional SiO 2 @PDA@Ag particles on the TPA/EVA-70% film. The obtained coating not only possess excellent underwater superoleophobic and antifouling properties, but also quick healable performance by remote NIR irradiation. Thus, it may provide stable and long-lasting underwater antifouling properties against marine growth and oil contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: mechanochromic; healable; bioinspired materials; bifunction EN mechanochromic healable bioinspired materials bifunction 270 270 1 04/04/20 20200301 NES 200301 B The Cover Feature b shows biomimetic healable mechanochromic (HMC) polyurethane composite film. The as-synthesized HMC materials exhibit self-healing and mechanochromic bifunctions and are very promising for encryption and advanced protection materials. [Extracted from the article]

In view of the limitations of practical applications of current triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a new type of coating TENGs with antiwear and healing properties have been fabricated to collect the large-scale dissipative energy in the environment. To enhance the triboelectrification performance of the coating TENG, mesoporous silica filled with perfluorooctylethanol is added to the acrylate resin material, in addition to improving the antiwear properties of the frictional coating. The result shows that when the mesoporous silica is used as a carrier and perfluorooctylethanol is loaded, the short-circuit current ( I sc ) and output voltage ( V o ) of the coating TENG reach as high as 10 μA and 220 V, respectively, which are 4-5 times higher than those of pure acrylate. More importantly, the coefficient of friction of the new coating decreases from 0.11 to 0.04 with the wear volume reducing by approximately 89%, indicating a better friction-reducing property of the coating for long-term working. As a new coating material based on the traditional acrylic resin, it can be widely sprayed onto various walls, metals, and hulls as protection coating as well as power-generation coating. Interestingly, when the coating is damaged due to long-term aging or external mechanical forces, it can restore its triboelectric performance by encapsulating the repair agent within the pore structure of silica. Owing to the large-area fabrication, low cost, high output performance, and antiwear properties, the new coating TENGs have promising potential for practical applications in energy-harvesting, self-energy supplies, and self-powered sensors.

There is an increasing need to develop conducting hydrogels for bioelectronic applications. In particular, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels have become a research hotspot due to their excellent biocompatibility and stability. However, injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogels have been rarely reported. Such syringe-injectable hydrogels are highly desirable for minimally invasive biomedical therapeutics. Here, an approach is demonstrated to develop injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogels by taking advantage of the room-temperature gelation property of PEDOT:PSS. These PEDOT:PSS hydrogels form spontaneously after syringe injection of the PEDOT:PSS suspension into the desired location, without the need of any additional treatments. A facile strategy is also presented for large-scale production of injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogel fibers at room temperature. Finally, it is demonstrated that these room-temperature-formed PEDOT:PSS hydrogels (RT-PEDOT:PSS hydrogel) and hydrogel fibers can be used for the development of soft and self-healable hydrogel bioelectronic devices., (© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Camouflage and wound healing are two vital functions for cephalopods to survive from dangerous ocean risks. Inspired by these dual functions, herein, we report a new type of healable mechanochromic (HMC) material. The bifunctional HMC material consists of two tightly bonded layers. One layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) for shielding. Another layer contains supramolecular hydrogen bonding polymers and fluorochromes for healing. The as-synthesized HMC material exhibits a tunable and reversible mechanochromic function due to the strain-induced surface structure of composite film. The mechanochromic function can be further restored after damage because of the incorporated healable polyurethane. The healing efficiency of the damaged HMC materials can even reach 98 % at 60 °C for 6 h. The bioinspired HMC material is expected to have potential applications in the information encryption and flexible displays., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.)

Structural color hydrogels with healable capability are of great significance in many fields, however the controllability of these materials still needs optimizing. Thus, this work presents a healable structural color hydrogel with photocontrolling properties. The component parts of the hydrogel are a graphene oxide (GO) integrated inverse opal hydrogel scaffold and a hydrogel filler with reversible phase transition. The inverse opal scaffold provides stable photonic crystal structure and the hydrogel filler is the foundation of healing. Taking advantage of the prominent photothermal conversion efficiency of GO, the healable structural color material is imparted with photocontrolled properties. It is found that the structural color hydrogel shaped in complex patterns can heal under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. These features indicate that the optical controllable healable structural color hydrogel can be employed in various applications, such as constructing complex objects, repairing tissues, and so on., (© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

We report the ultrastiff and tough poly(acrylamide- co-acrylic acid)/Na-alginate/Fe 3+ (P(AM- co-AA)/Na-alginate/Fe 3+ ) hydrogel via the formation of hybrid ionic-hydrogen bond cross-linking networks. The optimal P(AM- co-AA)/Na-alginate/Fe 3+ hydrogel possessed super high elastic modulus (∼24.6 MPa), tensile strength (∼10.4 MPa), compression strength (∼44 MPa), and toughness (∼4800 J/m 2 ). The P(AM- co-AA)/Na-alginate/Fe 3+ hydrogel was highly stable and maintained its superior mechanical properties in 0.5-2 M NaCl solution, aqueous solution with pH ranging from 4 to 10. The ionic cross-linking networks of the P(AM- co-AA)/Na-alginate/Fe 3+ hydrogels can be locally and selectively dissociated by treating with aqueous NaOH solution with pH of 13 for 1 min and reformed by locally adding the additional Fe 3+ solutions, making the hydrogels healable and cohesive. The healed hydrogels from the cutting surfaces can bear a tensile strength of up to 7.1 MPa. Various complex hydrogel structures can be constructed by using the P(AM- co-AA)/Na-alginate/Fe 3+ hydrogels as building blocks via the adhesion of as-prepared hydrogels.

The thermal degradation of silicones is exploited and engineered to make super-hydrophobic coatings that are scalable, healable, and ecofriendly for various outdoor applications. The coatings can be generated and regenerated at the rate of 1 m(2) min(-1) using premixed flames, adhere to a variety of substrates, and tolerate foot traffic (>1000 steps) after moderate wear and healing., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

We report the first demonstration of a healable stretchable transparent electrode comprising a silver nanowire (AgNW) network and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT) hybrid layer in the surface of a Diels-Alder elastomer substrate. The thin PEDOT layer solders the silver nanowires and confines the nanowire network in the substrate surface. The bonding between the nanowires and PEDOT is tuned via ethanol-water wetting, which allows for large-strain prestretching of the AgNW network. The composite electrode prepared via such a wetting and prestretching treatment has a figure-of-merit sheet resistance of 15 ohm/sq with 78% transmittance at 550 nm and can be stretched by 100% strain. Damages caused by razor blade cutting on the conductive surface could be healed, and the damaging-healing could be repeated for three times at the same location. The healed electrode exhibits similar resistance-strain response as the fresh electrode because of the PEDOT layer being capable of circumventing broken nanowire sites. Fatigue-induced damages after 100 cycles of 60% strain can also be healed by simple heating.