37 results on '"Head JJ"'
Search Results
2. Best Practices for Justifying Fossil Calibrations
- Author
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Parham, JF, Donoghue, PCJ, Bell, CJ, Calway, TD, Head, JJ, Holroyd, PA, Inoue, JG, Irmis, RB, Joyce, WG, Ksepka, DT, Patane, JSL, Smith, ND, Tarver, JE, van Tuinen, M, Yang, Z, Angielczyk, KD, Greenwood, JM, Hipsley, CA, Jacobs, L, Makovicky, PJ, Mueller, J, Smith, KT, Theodor, JM, Warnock, RCM, Benton, MJ, Parham, JF, Donoghue, PCJ, Bell, CJ, Calway, TD, Head, JJ, Holroyd, PA, Inoue, JG, Irmis, RB, Joyce, WG, Ksepka, DT, Patane, JSL, Smith, ND, Tarver, JE, van Tuinen, M, Yang, Z, Angielczyk, KD, Greenwood, JM, Hipsley, CA, Jacobs, L, Makovicky, PJ, Mueller, J, Smith, KT, Theodor, JM, Warnock, RCM, and Benton, MJ
- Published
- 2012
3. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of 'anilioid' snakes
- Author
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Jason J. Head, Head, JJ [0000-0002-2237-6901], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Paraphyly ,010506 paleontology ,Old World ,Fossil Record ,Serpentes ,Lineage (evolution) ,Paleontology ,Aniliidae ,Pipe snake ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Eocene ,01 natural sciences ,Cretaceous ,Taxon ,Geography ,Space and Planetary Science ,South american ,Systematics ,North America ,Paleogene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
“Anilioidea” is a likely paraphyletic assemblage of pipe snakes that includes extant Aniliidae from equatorial South America, Uropeltoidea from South and Southeast Asia, and a fossil record that consists primarily of isolated precloacal vertebrae ranging from the earliest Late Cretaceous and includes geographic distributions in North America, South America, Europe, and Africa. Articulated precloacal vertebrae from the middle Eocene Bridger Formation of Wyoming, attributed to Borealoilysia nov. gen., represent an unambiguous North American aniliid record and prompts a reconsideration of described pipe snakes and their resultant biogeographic histories. On the basis of vertebral apomorphies, the vast majority of reported fossils cannot be assigned to “Anilioidea”. Instead, most records represent stem taxa and macrostomatans erroneously assigned to anilioids on the basis of generalized features associated with fossoriality. A revised fossil record demonstrates that the only extralimital distributions of fossil “anilioids” consist of the North American aniliid record, and there is no unambiguous fossil record of Old World taxa. The occurrence of aniliids in the mid-high latitudes of the late early Eocene of North America is consistent with histories of northward shifts in equatorial ecosystems during the early Paleogene Greenhouse.
- Published
- 2021
4. Termite mounds house a diversity of taxa in oil palm plantations irrespective of understory management
- Author
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Amelia S. C. Hood, Mohammad Naim, Jason J. Head, Andreas Dwi Advento, Edgar C. Turner, Cecilia A. L. Dahlsjö, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Michael D. Pashkevich, Anak Agung Ketut Aryawan, Hood, ASC [0000-0003-3803-0603], Pashkevich, MD [0000-0002-9033-8667], Dahlsjö, CAL [0000-0003-3795-1523], Advento, AD [0000-0002-2208-7376], Head, JJ [0000-0002-2237-6901], Turner, EC [0000-0003-2715-2234], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
habitat heterogeneity ,Ecology ,termitaria ,education ,fungi ,Biodiversity ,Understory ,Vegetation ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Elaeis guineensis ,termitophile ,Spatial heterogeneity ,Taxon ,Macrotermes gilvus ,Abundance (ecology) ,herbicide ,Indonesia ,Macrotermitinae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We investigated the effects of oil palm understory vegetation management on termite mound activity and non‐termite inhabitants. We found a diversity of taxa, most of which were unaffected by understory management. Mound volume and termite activity had taxa‐specific effects on abundance. Preserving mounds in oil palm plantations will benefit biodiversity. Abstract in Indonesian is available with online material.
- Published
- 2020
5. Fossils reveal the complex evolutionary history of the mammalian regionalized spine
- Author
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P. D. Polly, S. Tulga, Jacqueline K. Lungmus, Jason J. Head, Katrina E. Jones, Stephanie E. Pierce, Vincent Fernandez, Kenneth D. Angielczyk, Jones, KE [0000-0003-1088-0497], Polly, PD [0000-0001-7338-8526], Head, JJ [0000-0002-2237-6901], Lungmus, JK [0000-0001-8215-3796], Pierce, SE [0000-0003-0717-1841], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Mammals ,Multidisciplinary ,Fossils ,Paleontology ,Biological evolution ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biological Evolution ,Homology (biology) ,Spine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Evolutionary biology ,Synapsid ,parasitic diseases ,Vertebrates ,medicine ,Animals ,Forelimb ,Vertebral column - Abstract
Early shifts lead to big changesMammals represent one of the most morphologically diverse taxonomic groups. One of the unique features underlying this diversity is variability of the spine, which facilitates everything from flexibility for speedy running and support for upright walking. Joneset al.studied a group ancestral to modern mammals—nonmammalian synapsids, or mammal-like reptiles. As forelimb function diversified, the spine developed distinct regions. These regions then differentiated further, leading to the highly varied mammalian forms we see today.Science, this issue p.1249
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson and decaying to a b-quark pair with the ATLAS detector
- Author
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Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdel Khalek, S., Khalek, S. A., Abdelalim, A. A., Abdinov, O., Abi, B., Abolins, M., Abouzeid, O. S., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Acerbi, E., Acharya, B. S., Adamczyk, L., Adams, D. L., Addy, T. N., Adelman, J., Adomeit, S., Adragna, P., Adye, T., Aefsky, S., Aguilar Saavedra, J. A., Agustoni, M., Aharrouche, M., Ahlen, S. P., Ahles, F., Ahmad, A., Ahsan, M., Aielli, G., Akdogan, T., Akesson, T. P. A., Akimoto, G., Akimov, A. V., Alam, M. S., Alam, M. A., Albert, J., Albrand, S., Aleksa, M., Aleksandrov, I. N., Alessandria, F., Alexa, C., Alexander, G., Alexandre, G., Alexopoulos, T., Alhroob, M., Aliev, M., Alimonti, G., Alison, T. J., Allbrooke, B. M. M., Allport, P. P., Allwood Spiers, S. E., Almond, J., Aloisio, A., Alon, R., Alonso, A., Alonso, F., Alvarez Gonzalez, B., Gonzalez, B. A., Alviggi, M. G., Amako, K., Amelung, C., Ammosov, V. V., Amorim, A., Amonm, A., Amram, N., Anastopoulos, C., Ancu, L. S., Andari, N., Andeen, T., Andeenm, T., Anders, C. F., Anders, G., Anderson, K. J., Andreazza, A., Andrei, V., Anduaga, X. S., Anger, P., Anger, R., Angerami, A., Anghinolfi, F., Anisenkov, A., Anjos, N., Annovi, A., Antonaki, A., Antonelli, M., Antonov, A., Antos, J., Anulli, F., Aoun, S., Aperio Bella, L., Bella, L. A., Apolle, R., Arabidze, G., Aracena, I., Arai, Y., Arce, A. T. H., Arfaoui, S., Arguin, J. F., Arik, E., Arik, M., Armbruster, A. J., Arnaez, O., Arnal, V., Arnault, C., Artamonov, A., Artoni, G., Arutinov, D., Asai, S., Asfandiyarov, R., Ask, S., Asman, B., Asquith, L., Assamagan, K., Astbury, A., Aubert, B., Auge, E., Augsten, K., Aurousseau, M., Avolio, G., Avramidou, R., Axen, D., Azuelos, G., Azuma, Y., Baak, M. A., Baccaglioni, G., Bacci, C., Bach, A. M., Bachacou, H., Bachas, K., Backes, M., Backhaus, M., Badescu, E., Bagnaia, Paolo, Bahinipati, S., Bai, Y., Bailey, D. C., Bain, T., Baines, J. T., Baker, O. K., Baker, M. D., Baker, S., Banas, E., Banerjee, P., Banerjee, Sw, Banfi, D., Bangert, A., Bansal, V., Bansil, H. S., Barak, L., Baranov, S. P., Barbaro Galtieri, A., Galtieri, A. B., Barber, T., Barberio, E. L., Barberis, D., Barbero, M., Bardin, D. Y., Barillari, T., Barisonzi, M., Barklow, T., Barlow, N., Barnett, B. M., Barnett, R. M., Baroncelli, A., Barone, G., Barr, A. J., Barreiro, F., Barreiro Guimaraes Da Costa, J., Barrillon, P., Jbg Da Costa, Barrillon, R., Bartoldus, R., Barton, A. E., Bartsch, V., Bates, R. L., Batkova, L., Batley, J. R., Battaglia, A., Battistin, M., Bauer, F., Bawa, H. S., Beale, S., Beau, T., Beauchemin, P. H., Beccherle, R., Bechtle, P., Bechtle, R., Beck, H. P., Becker, A. K., Becker, S., Beckingham, M., Becks, K. H., Beddall, A. J., Beddall, A., Bedikian, S., Bednyakov, V. A., Bee, C. P., Begel, M., Behar Harpaz, S., Bege, M., Harpaz, S. B., Beimforde, M., Belanger Champagne, C., Bell, P. J., Bell, W. H., Bella, G., Bellagamba, L., Bellina, F., Bellomo, M., Belloni, A., Beloborodova, O., Belotskiy, K., Beltramello, O., Benary, O., Benchekroun, D., Bendtz, K., Benekos, N., Benhammou, Y., Benhar Noccioli, E., Benitez Garcia, J. A., Noccioli, E. B., Jab, Garcia, Benjamin, D. P., Benoit, M., Bensinger, J. R., Benslama, K., Bentvelsen, S., Berge, D., Bergeaas Kuutmann, E., Kuutmann, E. B., Berger, N., Berghaus, F., Berglund, E., Beringer, J., Bernat, P., Bernat, R., Bernhard, R., Bernius, C., Berry, T., Bertella, C., Bertin, A., Bertolucci, F., Besana, M. I., Besjes, G. J., Besson, N., Bethke, S., Bhimji, W., Bianchi, R. M., Bianco, M., Biebel, O., Bieniek, S. P., Bierwagen, K., Biesiada, J., Biglietti, M., Bilokon, H., Bindi, M., Binet, S., Bingul, A., Bini, Cesare, Biscarat, C., Bitenc, U., Black, K. M., Blair, R. E., Blanchard, J. B., Blanchot, G., Blazek, T., Blocker, C., Blocki, J., Blondel, A., Blonde, A., Blum, W., Blumenschein, U., Bobbink, G. J., Bobrovnikov, V. B., Bocchetta, S. S., Bocci, A., Boddy, C. R., Boehler, M., Boek, J., Boelaert, N., Bogaerts, J. A., Bogdanchikov, A., Bogouch, A., Bohm, C., Bohm, J., Boisvert, V., Bold, T., Boldea, V., Bolnet, N. M., Bomben, M., Bona, M., Boonekamp, M., Booth, C. N., Bordoni, S., Borer, C., Borisov, A., Borissov, G., Borjanovic, I., Borri, M., Borroni, S., Bortolotto, V., Bos, K., Boscherini, D., Bosman, M., Boterenbrood, H., Botterill, D., Botteri, D., Bouchami, J., Boudreau, J., Bouhova Thacker, E. V., Boumediene, D., Bourdarios, C., Bousson, N., Boveia, A., Boyd, J., Boyko, I. R., Bozovic Jelisavcic, I., Bracinik, J., Branchini, P., Brandt, A., Brandt, G., Brandt, O., Bratzler, U., Brau, B., Brau, J. E., Braun, H. M., Brazzale, S. F., Brelier, B., Bremer, J., Brendlinger, K., Brenner, R., Bressler, S., Britton, D., Brochu, F. M., Brock, I., Brock, R., Brodet, E., Broggi, F., Bromberg, C., Bronner, J., Brooijmans, G., Brooks, T., Brooks, W. K., Brown, G., Brown, H., Bruckman De Renstrom, P. A., Pab Renstrom, D. E., Bruncko, D., Bruneliere, R., Brunet, S., Bruni, A., Bruni, G., Bruschi, M., Buanes, T., Buat, Q., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Buchholz, P., Buckingham, R. M., Buckley, A. G., Buda, S. I., Budagov, I. A., Budick, B., Buscher, V., Bugge, L., Bulekov, O., Bundock, A. C., Bunse, M., Buran, T., Burckhart, H., Burdin, S., Burgess, T., Burke, S., Busato, E., Bussey, P., Buszello, C. P., Butler, B., Butler, J. M., Buttar, C. M., Butterworth, J. M., Buttinger, W., Cabrera Urban, S., Urban, S. C., Caforio, D., Cakir, O., Calafiura, P., Calderini, G., Calfayan, P., Calkins, R., Caloba, L. P., Caloi, R., Calvet, D., Calvet, S., Camacho Toro, R., Toro, R. C., Camarri, P., Cameron, D., Caminada, L. M., Campana, S., Campanelli, M., Canale, V., Canelli, F., Canepa, A., Cantero, J., Cantrill, R., Capasso, L., Capeans Garrido, M. D. M., Mdmc, Garrido, Caprini, I., Caprini, M., Capriotti, D., Capua, M., Caputo, R., Cardarelli, R., Carli, T., Carlino, G., Carino, G., Carminati, L., Caron, B., Caron, S., Carquin, E., Carrillo Montoya, G. D., Gdc, Montoya, Carter, A. A., Carter, J. R., Carvalho, J., Casadei, D., Casado, M. P., Cascella, M., Casadoll, M. P., Cascela, M., Caso, C., Castaneda Hernandez, A. M., Amc, Hernandez, Castaneda Miranda, E., Castillo Gimenez, V., Gimenez, V. C., Castro, N. F., Cataldi, G., Catastini, P., Catastini, R., Catinaccio, A., Catmore, J. R., Cattai, A., Cattani, G., Caughron, S., Cavalleri, P., Cavalleri, R., Cavalli, D., Cavalli Sforza, M., Cavasinni, V., Ceradini, F., Cerqueira, A. S., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Cerutti, F., Cetin, S. A., Chafaq, A., Chakraborty, D., Chalupkova, I., Chan, K., Chapleau, B., Chapman, J. D., Chapman, J. W., Chareyre, E., Charlton, D. G., Chavda, V., Chavez Barajas, C. A., Cac, Barajas, Cheatham, S., Chekanov, S., Chekulaev, S. V., Chelkov, G. A., Chelstowska, M. A., Chen, C., Chen, H., Chen, S., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheplakov, A., R. C., El, Cherkaoui El Moursli, R., El Moursli, R. C., Chernyatin, V., Cheu, E., Cheung, S. L., Chevalier, L., Chiefari, G., Chikovani, L., Childers, J. T., Chilingarov, A., Chiodini, G., Chisholm, A. S., Chislett, R. T., Chislett, R. I., Chitan, A., Chizhov, M. V., Choudalakis, G., Chouridou, S., Christidi, I. A., Christov, A., Chromek Burckhart, D., Chu, M. L., Chudoba, J., Ciapetti, G., Ciftci, A. K., Ciftci, R., Cinca, D., Cindro, V., Ciocca, C., Ciocio, A., Cirilli, M., Cirkovic, P., Citterio, M., Ciubancan, M., Clark, A., Clark, P. J., Clarke, R. N., Cleland, W., Clemens, J. C., Clement, B., Clement, C., Coadou, Y., Cobal, M., Coccaro, A., Cochran, J., Cogan, J. G., Coggeshall, T. J., Cogneras, E., Colas, J., Colijn, A. P., Collins, N. J., Collins Tooth, C., Collot, J., Colombo, T., Colon, G., Conde Muino, P., Muino, P. C., Coniavitis, E., Conidi, M. C., Consonni, S. M., Consorti, V., Constantinescu, S., Conta, C., Conti, G., Conventi, F., Cooke, M., Cooper, B. D., Cooper Sarkar, A. M., Copic, K., Cornelissen, T., Corradi, M., Corriveau, F., Cortes Gonzalez, A., Cortiana, G., Costa, G., Costa, M. J., Costanzo, D., Costin, T., Cote, D., Courneyea, L., Cowan, G., Cowden, C., Cox, B. E., Cranmer, K., Crescioli, F., Cristinziani, M., Crosetti, G., Crupi, R., Crepe Renaudin, S., Cuciuc, C. M., Cuenca Almenar, C., Cuhadar Donszelmann, T., Almenar, C. C., Donszelmann, T. C., Curatolo, M., Curtis, C. J., Cuthbert, C., Cwetanski, P., Cwetanski, R., Czirr, H., Czodrowski, P., Czyczula, Z., Dʼauria, S., Dʼonofrio, M., Dʼorazio, A., Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J., D'Auria, S., D'Onofrio, M., D'Orazio, A., Via, C. D., Mjds De Sousa, Da Via, C., Dabrowski, W., Dafinca, A., Dai, T., Dallapiccola, C., Dam, M., Dameri, M., Damiani, D. S., Danielsson, H. O., Dao, V., Darbo, G., Darlea, G. L., Davey, W., Davidek, T., Davidson, N., Davidson, R., Davies, E., Davies, M., Davison, A. R., Davygora, Y., Dawe, E., Dawson, I., Daya Ishmukhametova, R. K., De, K., Asmundis, R. D., Castro, S. D., Cecco, S. D., Graat, J. D., Groot, N. D., Jong, P. D., C. D., La, H. D., La, Lorenzi, F. D., Mora, L. D., Nooij, L. D., Pedis, D. D., Salvo, A. D., Sanctis, U. D., Santo, A. D., Zorzi, G. D., De Asmundis, R., De Castro, S., DE CECCO, Sandro, De Graat, J., De Groot, N., De Jong, P., De La Taille, C., De La Torre, H., De Lorenzi, F., De Mora, L., De Nooij, L., De Pedis, D., De Salvo, A., De Sanctis, U., De Santo, A., De Vivie De Regie, J. B., Jbd De Regie, De Zorzi, G., Dearnaley, W. J., Debbe, R., Debenedetti, C., Dechenaux, B., Dedovich, D. V., Degenhardt, J., Papa, C. D., Del, T. J., Prete, T. D., Del Papa, C., Del Peso, T. J., Del Prete, T., Delemontex, T., Deliyergiyev, M., Dellʼacqua, A., Dellʼasta, L., Dell'Acqua, A., Dell'Asta, L., Pietra, M. D., Volpe, D. D., Della Pietra, M., Della Volpe, D., Delmastro, M., Delsart, P. A., Deluca, C., Demers, S., Demichev, M., Demirkoz, B., Deng, J., Denisov, S. P., Derendarz, D., Derkaoui, J. E., Derue, F., Dervan, P., Desch, K., Devetak, E., Deviveiros, P. O., Dewhurst, A., Dewilde, B., Dhaliwal, S., Dhullipudi, R., Ciaccio, A. D., Ciaccio, L. D., Girolamo, A. D., Girolamo, B. D., Luise, S. D., Mattia, A. D., Micco, B. D., Nardo, R. D., Simone, A. D., Sipio, R. D., Di Ciaccio, A., Di Ciaccio, L., Di Girolamo, A., Di Girolamo, B., Di Luise, S., Di Mattia, A., Di Micco, B., Di Nardo, R., Di Simone, A., Di Sipio, R., Diaz, M. A., Diehl, E. B., Dietrich, J., Dietzsch, T. A., Diglio, S., Dindar Yagci, K., Yagci, K. D., Dingfelder, J., Dinut, F., Dionisi, Carlo, Dita, P., Dita, S., Dittus, F., Djama, F., Djobava, T., Do Vale, M. A. B., Do Valle Wemans, A., Mab Vale, D. O., Wemans, A. D., Doan, T. K. O., Dobbs, M., Dobinson, R., Dobos, D., Dobson, E., Dodd, J., Doglioni, C., Doherty, T., Doi, Y., Dolejsi, J., Dolenc, I., Dolezal, Z., Dolgoshein, B. A., Dohmae, T., Donadelli, M., Donini, J., Dopke, J., Doria, A., Anjos, A. D., Dos Anjos, A., Dotti, A., Dova, M. T., Doxiadis, A. D., Doyle, A. T., Dris, M., Dubbert, J., Dube, S., Duchovni, E., Duckeck, G., Dudarev, A., Dudziak, F., Duhrssen, M., Duerdoth, I. P., Duflot, L., Dufour, M. A., Dunford, M., Duran Yildiz, H., Yildiz, H. D., Duxfield, R., Dwuznik, M., Dydak, F., Duren, M., Ebke, J., Eckweiler, S., Edmonds, K., Edson, W., Edwards, C. A., Edwards, N. C., Ehrenfeld, W., Eifert, T., Eigen, G., Einsweiler, K., Eisenhandler, E., Ekelof, T., Kacimi, M. E., El Kacimi, M., Ellert, M., Elles, S., Ellinghaus, F., Ellis, K., Ellis, N., Elmsheuser, J., Elsing, M., Emeliyanov, D., Engelmann, R., Engl, A., Epp, B., Erdmann, J., Ereditato, A., Eriksson, D., Ernst, J., Ernst, M., Ernwein, J., Errede, D., Errede, S., Ertel, E., Escalier, M., Esch, H., Escobar, C., Espinal Curull, X., Curull, X. E., Esposito, B., Etienne, F., Etienvre, A. I., Etzion, E., Evangelakou, D., Evans, H., Fabbri, L., Fabre, C., Fakhrutdinov, R. M., Falciano, S., Fang, Y., Fanti, M., Farbin, A., Farilla, A., Farley, J., Farooque, T., Farrell, S., Farrington, S. M., Farthouat, P., Fassnacht, P., Fassouliotis, D., Fatholahzadeh, B., Favareto, A., Fayard, L., Fazio, S., Febbraro, R., Federic, P., Fedin, O. L., Fedorko, W., Fehling Kaschek, M., Feligioni, L., Fellmann, D., Feng, C., Feng, E. J., Fenyuk, A. B., Ferencei, J., Fernando, W., Ferrag, S., Ferrando, J., Ferrara, V., Ferrari, A., Ferrari, P., Ferrari, R., Ferreira De Lima, D. E., Def Lima, D. E., Ferrer, A., Ferrere, D., Ferretti, C., Ferretto Parodi, A., Parodi, A. F., Fiascaris, M., Fiedler, F., Filipcic, A., Filthaut, F., Fincke Keeler, M., Fiolhais, M. C. N., Fiorini, L., Firan, A., Fischer, G., Fisher, M. J., Flechl, M., Fleck, I., Fleckner, J., Fleischmann, P., Fleischmann, S., Flick, T., Floderus, A., Flores Castillo, L. R., Lrf, Castillo, Flowerdew, M. J., Fonseca Martin, T., Martin, T. F., Formica, A., Forti, A., Fortin, D., Fournier, D., Fox, H., Francavilla, P., Franchini, M., Franchino, S., Francis, D., Frank, T., Franz, S., Fraternali, M., Fratina, S., French, S. T., Friedrich, C., Friedrich, F., Froeschl, R., Froidevaux, D., Frost, J. A., Fukunaga, C., Fullana Torregrosa, E., Torregrosa, E. F., Fulsom, B. G., Fuster, J., Gabaldon, C., Gabizon, O., Gadfort, T., Gadomski, S., Gagliardi, G., Gagnon, P., Galea, C., Gallas, E. J., Gallo, V., Gallop, B. J., Gallus, P., Gan, K. K., Gao, Y. S., Gaponenko, A., Garberson, F., Garcia Sciveres, M., Garcia, C., Garcia Navarro, J. E., Jeg, Navarro, Gardner, R. W., Garelli, N., Garitaonandia, H., Garonne, V., Garvey, J., Gatti, C., Gaudio, G., Gaur, B., Gauthier, L., Gauzzi, Paolo, Gavrilenko, I. L., Gay, C., Gaycken, G., Gazis, E. N., Ge, P., Gecse, Z., Gee, C. N. P., Geerts, D. A. A., Ch Geich Gimbel, Gellerstedt, K., Gemme, C., Gemmell, A., Genest, M. H., Gentile, Simonetta, George, M., George, S., Gerlach, P., Gershon, A., Geweniger, C., Ghazlane, H., Ghodbane, N., Giacobbe, B., Giagu, Stefano, Giakoumopoulou, V., Giangiobbe, V., Gianotti, F., Gibbard, B., Gibson, A., Gibson, S. M., Gillberg, D., Gillman, A. R., Gingrich, D. M., Ginzburg, J., Giokaris, N., Giordani, M. P., Giordano, R., Giorgi, F. M., Giovannini, P., Giovannini, R., Giraud, P. F., Giugni, D., Giunta, M., Giusti, P., Gjelsten, B. K., Gladilin, L. K., Glasman, C., Glatzer, J., Glazov, A., Glitza, K. W., Glonti, G. L., Goddard, J. 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C., Petit, E., Petridis, A., Petridou, C., Petrolo, E., Petrucci, F., Petschull, D., Petteni, M., Pezoa, R., Phan, A., Phillips, P. W., Piacquadio, G., Picazio, A., Piccaro, E., Piccinini, M., Piec, S. M., Piegaia, R., Pignotti, D. T., Pilcher, J. E., Pitcher, J. E., Pilkington, A. D., Pina, J., Pinamonti, M., Pinder, A., Pinfold, J. L., Pinto, B., Pizio, C., Plamondon, M., Pleier, M. A., Plotnikova, E., Poblaguev, A., Poddar, S., Podlyski, F., Poggioli, L., Poghosyan, T., Pohl, M., Poh, M., Polesello, G., Policicchio, A., Polini, A., Poll, J., Polychronakos, V., Pomeroy, D., Pommes, K., Pontecorvo, L., Pope, B. G., Popeneciu, G. A., Popovic, D. S., Poppleton, A., Portell Bueso, X., Bueso, X. P., Pospelov, G. E., Pospisil, S., Pospisi, S., Potrap, I. N., Potter, C. J., Potter, C. T., Poulard, G., Poveda, J., Pozdnyakov, V., Prabhu, R., Pralavorio, P., Pranko, A., Prasad, S., Pravahan, R., Prell, S., Pretzl, K., Price, D., Price, J., Price, L. 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H., Robichaud Veronneau, A., Robinson, D., Robinson, J. E. M., Robson, A., Rocha De Lima, J. G., Jgr Lima, D. E., Roda, C., Dos, D. R., Roda Dos Santos, D., Dos Santos, D. R., Roe, A., Roe, S., Røhne, O., Rohne, O., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Romano, M., Romeo, G., Adam, E. R., Romero Adam, E., Adam, Er, Roos, L., Ros, E., Rosati, S., Rosbach, K., Rose, A., Rose, M., Rosenbaum, G. A., Rosenberg, E. I., Rosendahl, P. L., Rosenthal, O., Rosselet, L., Rossetti, V., Rossi, E., Rossi, L. P., Rotaru, M., Roth, I., Rothberg, J., Rousseau, D., Royon, C. R., Rozanov, A., Rozen, Y., Ruan, X., Rubbo, F., Rubinskiy, I., Ruckert, B., Ruckstuhl, N., Rud, V. I., Rudolph, C., Rudolph, G., Ruhr, F., Ruiz Martinez, A., Rumyantsev, L., Rurikova, Z., Rusakovich, N. A., Rutherfoord, J. P., Ruwiedel, C., Ruzicka, P., Ruzicka, R., Ryabov, Y. F., Ryan, P., Rybar, M., Rynar, M., Rybkin, G., Ryder, N. C., Saavedra, A. F., Sadeh, I., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sadykov, R., Safai Tehrani, F., Tehrani, F. 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S., Wenaus, T., Wendland, D., Weng, Z., Wengler, T., Wenig, S., Wermes, N., Werner, M., Werner, P., Werth, M., Wessels, M., Wetter, J., Weydert, C., Whalen, K., Wheeler Ellis, S. J., White, A., White, M. J., White, S., Whitehead, S. R., Whiteson, D., Whittington, D., Wicek, F., Wicke, D., Wickens, F. J., Wiedenmann, W., Wielers, M., Wienemann, P., Wienemann, R., Wiglesworth, C., Wiik Fuchs, L. A. M., Wijeratne, P. A., Wildauer, A., Wildt, M. A., Wilhelm, I., Wilkens, H. G., Will, J. Z., Williams, E., Williams, H. H., Willis, W., Wins, W., Willocq, S., Wilson, J. A., Wilson, M. G., Wilson, A., Wingerter Seez, I., Winkelmann, S., Winklmeier, F., Wittgen, M., Wollstadt, S. J., Wolter, M. W., Wolters, H., Wong, W. C., Wooden, G., Wosiek, B. K., Wotschack, J., Woudstra, M. J., Wozniak, K. W., Wraight, K., Wright, C., Wright, M., Wrona, B., S. L., Wu, Wu, X., Wu, Y., Wulf, E., Wynne, B. 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I., Zimmermann, R., Zimmermann, S., Ziolkowski, M., Zitoun, R., Zivkovic, L., Zmouchko, V. V., Zobernig, G., Zoccoli, A., Nedden, M. Z., Zur Nedden, M., Zutshi, V., Zwalinski, L., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Neutrinos, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATLAS, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abdallah, J, Khalek, Sa, Abdelalim, Aa, Abdinov, O, Abi, B, Abolins, M, Abouzeid, O, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Acerbi, E, Acharya, B, Adamczyk, L, Adams, Dl, Addy, Tn, Adelman, J, Adomeit, S, Adragna, P, Adye, T, Aefsky, S, Aguilar Saavedra, Ja, Agustoni, M, Aharrouche, M, Ahlen, Sp, Ahles, F, Ahmad, A, Ahsan, M, Aielli, G, Akdogan, T, Akesson, Tpa, Akimoto, G, Akimov, Av, Alam, M, Alam, Ma, Albert, J, Albrand, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, In, Alessandria, F, Alexa, C, Alexander, G, Alexandre, G, Alexopoulos, T, Alhroob, M, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Alison, Tj, Allbrooke, Bmm, Allport, Pp, Allwood Spiers, Se, Almond, J, Aloisio, A, Alon, R, Alonso, A, Alonso, F, Gonzalez, Ba, Alviggi, Mg, Amako, K, Amelung, C, Ammosov, Vv, Amonm, A, Amram, N, Anastopoulos, C, Ancu, L, Andari, N, Andeenm, T, Anders, Cf, Anders, G, Anderson, Kj, Andreazza, A, Andrei, V, Anduaga, X, Anger, R, Angerami, A, Anghinolfi, F, Anisenkov, A, Anjos, N, Annovi, A, Antonaki, A, Antonelli, M, Antonov, A, Antos, J, Anulli, F, Aoun, S, Bella, La, Apolle, R, Arabidze, G, Aracena, I, Arai, Y, Arce, Ath, Arfaoui, S, Arguin, Jf, Arik, E, Arik, M, Armbruster, Aj, Arnaez, O, Arnal, V, Arnault, C, Artamonov, A, Artoni, G, Arutinov, D, Asai, S, Asfandiyarov, R, Ask, S, Asman, B, Asquith, L, Assamagan, K, Astbury, A, Aubert, B, Auge, E, Augsten, K, Aurousseau, M, Avolio, G, Avramidou, R, Axen, D, Azuelos, G, Azuma, Y, Baak, Ma, Baccaglioni, G, Bacci, C, Bach, Am, Bachacou, H, Bachas, K, Backes, M, Backhaus, M, Badescu, E, Bagnaia, R, Bahinipati, S, Bai, Y, Bailey, Dc, Bain, T, Baines, Jt, Baker, Ok, Baker, Md, Baker, S, Banas, E, Banerjee, P, Banerjee, S, Banfi, D, Bangert, A, Bansal, V, Bansil, H, Barak, L, Baranov, Sp, Galtieri, Ab, Barber, T, Barberio, El, Barberis, D, Barbero, M, Bardin, Dy, Barillari, T, Barisonzi, M, Barklow, T, Barlow, N, Barnett, Bm, Barnett, Rm, Baroncelli, A, Barone, G, Barr, Aj, Barreiro, F, da Costa, Jbg, Barrillon, R, Bartoldus, R, Barton, Ae, Bartsch, V, Bates, Rl, Batkova, L, Batley, Jr, Battaglia, A, Battistin, M, Bauer, F, Bawa, H, Beale, S, Beau, T, Beauchemin, Ph, Beccherle, R, Bechtle, R, Beck, Hp, Becker, Ak, Becker, S, Beckingham, M, Becks, Kh, Beddall, Aj, Beddall, A, Bedikian, S, Bednyakov, Va, Bee, Cp, Bege, M, Harpaz, Sb, Beimforde, M, Belanger Champagne, C, Bell, Pj, Bell, Wh, Bella, G, Bellagamba, L, Bellina, F, Bellomo, M, Belloni, A, Beloborodova, O, Belotskiy, K, Beltramello, O, Benary, O, Benchekroun, D, Bendtz, K, Benekos, N, Benhammou, Y, Noccioli, Eb, Garcia, Jab, Benjamin, Dp, Benoit, M, Bensinger, Jr, Benslama, K, Bentvelsen, S, Berge, D, Kuutmann, Eb, Berger, N, Berghaus, F, Berglund, E, Beringer, J, Bernat, R, Bernhard, R, Bernius, C, Berry, T, Bertella, C, Bertin, A, Bertolucci, F, Besana, Mi, Besjes, Gj, Besson, N, Bethke, S, Bhimji, W, Bianchi, Rm, Bianco, M, Biebel, O, Bieniek, Sp, Bierwagen, K, Biesiada, J, Biglietti, M, Bilokon, H, Bindi, M, Binet, S, Bingul, A, Bini, C, Biscarat, C, Bitenc, U, Black, Km, Blair, Re, Blanchard, Jb, Blanchot, G, Blazek, T, Blocker, C, Blocki, J, Blonde, A, Blum, W, Blumenschein, U, Bobbink, Gj, Bobrovnikov, Vb, Bocchetta, S, Bocci, A, Boddy, Cr, Boehler, M, Boek, J, Boelaert, N, Bogaerts, Ja, Bogdanchikov, A, Bogouch, A, Bohm, C, Bohm, J, Boisvert, V, Bold, T, Boldea, V, Bolnet, Nm, Bomben, M, Bona, M, Boonekamp, M, Booth, Cn, Bordoni, S, Borer, C, Borisov, A, Borissov, G, Borjanovic, I, Borri, M, Borroni, S, Bortolotto, V, Bos, K, Boscherini, D, Bosman, M, Boterenbrood, H, Botteri, D, Bouchami, J, Boudreau, J, Bouhova Thacker, Ev, Boumediene, D, Bourdarios, C, Bousson, N, Boveia, A, Boyd, J, Boyko, Ir, Bozovic Jelisavcic, I, Bracinik, J, Branchini, P, Brandt, A, Brandt, G, Brandt, O, Bratzler, U, Brau, B, Brau, Je, Braun, Hm, Brazzale, Sf, Brelier, B, Bremer, J, Brendlinger, K, Brenner, R, Bressler, S, Britton, D, Brochu, Fm, Brock, I, Brock, R, Brodet, E, Broggi, F, Bromberg, C, Bronner, J, Brooijmans, G, Brooks, T, Brooks, Wk, Brown, G, Brown, H, de Renstrom, Pab, Bruncko, D, Bruneliere, R, Brunet, S, Bruni, A, Bruni, G, Bruschi, M, Buanes, T, Buat, Q, Bucci, F, Buchanan, J, Buchholz, P, Buckingham, Rm, Buckley, Ag, Buda, Si, Budagov, Ia, Budick, B, Buscher, V, Bugge, L, Bulekov, O, Bundock, Ac, Bunse, M, Buran, T, Burckhart, H, Burdin, S, Burgess, T, Burke, S, Busato, E, Bussey, P, Buszello, Cp, Butler, B, Butler, Jm, Buttar, Cm, Butterworth, Jm, Buttinger, W, Urban, Sc, Caforio, D, Cakir, O, Calafiura, P, Calderini, G, Calfayan, P, Calkins, R, Caloba, Lp, Caloi, R, Calvet, D, Calvet, S, Toro, Rc, Camarri, P, Cameron, D, Caminada, Lm, Campana, S, Campanelli, M, Canale, V, Canelli, F, Canepa, A, Cantero, J, Cantrill, R, Capasso, L, Garrido, Mdmc, Caprini, I, Caprini, M, Capriotti, D, Capua, M, Caputo, R, Cardarelli, R, Carli, T, Carino, G, Carminati, L, Caron, B, Caron, S, Carquin, E, Montoya, Gdc, Carter, Aa, Carter, Jr, Carvalho, J, Casadei, D, Casadoll, Mp, Cascela, M, Caso, C, Hernandez, Amc, Castaneda Miranda, E, Gimenez, Vc, Castro, Nf, Cataldi, G, Catastini, R, Catinaccio, A, Catmore, Jr, Cattai, A, Cattani, G, Caughron, S, Cavalleri, R, Cavalli, D, Cavalli Sforza, M, Cavasinni, V, Ceradini, Filippo, Cerqueira, A, Cerri, A, Cerrito, L, Cerutti, F, Cetin, Sa, Chafaq, A, Chakraborty, D, Chalupkova, I, Chan, K, Chapleau, B, Chapman, Jd, Chapman, Jw, Chareyre, E, Charlton, Dg, Chavda, V, Barajas, Cac, Cheatham, S, Chekanov, S, Chekulaev, Sv, Chelkov, Ga, Chelstowska, Ma, Chen, C, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, X, Chen, Y, Cheplakov, A, El Moursli, Rc, Chernyatin, V, Cheu, E, Cheung, Sl, Chevalier, L, Chiefari, G, Chikovani, L, Childers, Jt, Chilingarov, A, Chiodini, G, Chisholm, A, Chislett, Ri, Chitan, A, Chizhov, Mv, Choudalakis, G, Chouridou, S, Christidi, Ia, Christov, A, Chromek Burckhart, D, Chu, Ml, Chudoba, J, Ciapetti, G, Ciftci, Ak, Ciftci, R, Cinca, D, Cindro, V, Ciocca, C, Ciocio, A, Cirilli, M, Cirkovic, P, Citterio, M, Ciubancan, M, Clark, A, Clark, Pj, Clarke, Rn, Cleland, W, Clemens, Jc, Clement, B, Clement, C, Coadou, Y, Cobal, M, Coccaro, A, Cochran, J, Cogan, Jg, Coggeshall, Tj, Cogneras, E, Colas, J, Colijn, Ap, Collins, Nj, Collins Tooth, C, Collot, J, Colombo, T, Colon, G, Muino, Pc, Coniavitis, E, Conidi, Mc, Consonni, Sm, Consorti, V, Constantinescu, S, Conta, C, Conti, G, Conventi, F, Cooke, M, Cooper, Bd, Cooper Sarkar, Am, Copic, K, Cornelissen, T, Corradi, M, Corriveau, F, Cortes Gonzalez, A, Cortiana, G, Costa, G, Costa, Mj, Costanzo, D, Costin, T, Cote, D, Courneyea, L, Cowan, G, Cowden, C, Cox, Be, Cranmer, K, Crescioli, F, Cristinziani, M, Crosetti, G, Crupi, R, Crepe Renaudin, S, Cuciuc, Cm, Almenar, Cc, Donszelmann, Tc, Curatolo, M, Curtis, Cj, Cuthbert, C, Cwetanski, R, Czirr, H, Czodrowski, P, Czyczula, Z, D'Auria, S, D'Onofrio, M, D'Orazio, A, De Sousa, Mjd, Da Via, C, Dabrowski, W, Dafinca, A, Dai, T, Dallapiccola, C, Dam, M, Dameri, M, Damiani, D, Danielsson, Ho, Dao, V, Darbo, G, Darlea, Gl, Davey, W, Davidek, T, Davidson, N, Davidson, R, Davies, E, Davies, M, Davison, Ar, Davygora, Y, Dawe, E, Dawson, I, Daya Ishmukhametova, Rk, De, K, de Asmundis, R, De Castro, S, De Cecco, S, de Graat, J, De Groot, N, de Jong, P, De la Taille, C, De la Torre, H, De Lorenzi, F, de Mora, L, De Nooij, L, De Pedis, D, De Salvo, A, De Sanctis, U, De Santo, A, De Regie, Jbd, De Zorzi, G, Dearnaley, Wj, Debbe, R, Debenedetti, C, Dechenaux, B, Dedovich, Dv, Degenhardt, J, Del Papa, C, Del Peso, Tj, Del Prete, T, Delemontex, T, Deliyergiyev, M, Dell'Acqua, A, Dell'Asta, L, Della Pietra, M, della Volpe, D, Delmastro, M, Delsart, Pa, Deluca, C, Demers, S, Demichev, M, Demirkoz, B, Deng, J, Denisov, Sp, Derendarz, D, Derkaoui, Je, Derue, F, Dervan, P, Desch, K, Devetak, E, Deviveiros, Po, Dewhurst, A, Dewilde, B, Dhaliwal, S, Dhullipudi, R, Di Ciaccio, A, Di Ciaccio, L, Di Girolamo, A, Di Girolamo, B, Di Luise, S, Di Mattia, A, DI MICCO, Biagio, Di Nardo, R, Di Simone, A, Di Sipio, R, Diaz, Ma, Diehl, Eb, Dietrich, J, Dietzsch, Ta, Diglio, S, Yagci, Kd, Dingfelder, J, Dinut, F, Dionisi, C, Dita, P, Dita, S, Dittus, F, Djama, F, Djobava, T, do Vale, Mab, Wemans, Ad, Doan, Tko, Dobbs, M, Dobinson, R, Dobos, D, Dobson, E, Dodd, J, Doglioni, C, Doherty, T, Doi, Y, Dolejsi, J, Dolenc, I, Dolezal, Z, Dolgoshein, Ba, Dohmae, T, Donadelli, M, Donini, J, Dopke, J, Doria, A, Dos Anjos, A, Dotti, A, Dova, Mt, Doxiadis, Ad, Doyle, At, Dris, M, Dubbert, J, Dube, S, Duchovni, E, Duckeck, G, Dudarev, A, Dudziak, F, Duhrssen, M, Duerdoth, Ip, Duflot, L, Dufour, Ma, Dunford, M, Yildiz, Hd, Duxfield, R, Dwuznik, M, Dydak, F, Duren, M, Ebke, J, Eckweiler, S, Edmonds, K, Edson, W, Edwards, Ca, Edwards, Nc, Ehrenfeld, W, Eifert, T, Eigen, G, Einsweiler, K, Eisenhandler, E, Ekelof, T, El Kacimi, M, Ellert, M, Elles, S, Ellinghaus, F, Ellis, K, Ellis, N, Elmsheuser, J, Elsing, M, Emeliyanov, D, Engelmann, R, Engl, A, Epp, B, Erdmann, J, Ereditato, A, Eriksson, D, Ernst, J, Ernst, M, Ernwein, J, Errede, D, Errede, S, Ertel, E, Escalier, M, Esch, H, Escobar, C, Curull, Xe, Esposito, B, Etienne, F, Etienvre, Ai, Etzion, E, Evangelakou, D, Evans, H, Fabbri, L, Fabre, C, Fakhrutdinov, Rm, Falciano, S, Fang, Y, Fanti, M, Farbin, A, Farilla, A, Farley, J, Farooque, T, Farrell, S, Farrington, Sm, Farthouat, P, Fassnacht, P, Fassouliotis, D, Fatholahzadeh, B, Favareto, A, Fayard, L, Fazio, S, Febbraro, R, Federic, P, Fedin, Ol, Fedorko, W, Fehling Kaschek, M, Feligioni, L, Fellmann, D, Feng, C, Feng, Ej, Fenyuk, Ab, Ferencei, J, Fernando, W, Ferrag, S, Ferrando, J, Ferrara, V, Ferrari, A, Ferrari, P, Ferrari, R, de Lima, Def, Ferrer, A, Ferrere, D, Ferretti, C, Parodi, Af, Fiascaris, M, Fiedler, F, Filipcic, A, Filthaut, F, Fincke Keeler, M, Fiolhais, Mcn, Fiorini, L, Firan, A, Fischer, G, Fisher, Mj, Flechl, M, Fleck, I, Fleckner, J, Fleischmann, P, Fleischmann, S, Flick, T, Floderus, A, Castillo, Lrf, Flowerdew, Mj, Martin, Tf, Formica, A, Forti, A, Fortin, D, Fournier, D, Fox, H, Francavilla, P, Franchini, M, Franchino, S, Francis, D, Frank, T, Franz, S, Fraternali, M, Fratina, S, French, St, Friedrich, C, Friedrich, F, Froeschl, R, Froidevaux, D, Frost, Ja, 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Goddard, Jr, Godfrey, J, Godlewski, J, Goebel, M, Gopfert, T, Goeringer, C, Gossling, C, Goldfarb, S, Golling, T, Gomes, A, Fajardo, Lsg, Goncalo, R, Da Costa, Jgpf, Gonella, L, Gonzalez, S, de la Hoz, Sg, Parra, Gg, Silva, Mlg, Gonzalez Sevilla, S, Goodson, Jj, Goossens, L, Gorbounov, Pa, Gordon, Ha, Gorelov, I, Gorfine, G, Gorini, B, Gorini, E, Gorisek, A, Gornicki, E, Gosdzik, B, Goshaw, At, Gosselink, M, Gostkin, Mi, Eschrich, Ig, Gouighri, M, Goujdami, D, Goulette, Mp, Goussiou, Ag, Goy, C, Gozpinar, S, Grabowska Bold, I, Grafstrom, R, Grahn, Kj, Grancagnolo, F, Grancagnolo, S, Grassi, V, Gratchev, V, Grau, N, Gray, Hm, Gray, Ja, Graziani, E, Grebenyuk, Og, Greenshaw, T, Greenwood, Zd, Gregersen, K, Gregor, Im, Grenier, P, Griffiths, J, Grigalashvili, N, Grillo, Aa, Grinstein, S, Grishkevich, Yv, Grivaz, Jf, Gross, E, Grosse Knetter, J, Groth Jensen, J, Grybe, K, Guest, D, Guicheney, C, Guida, A, Guindon, S, Gul, U, Guler, H, Gunther, J, Guo, B, Guo, J, Gutierrez, R, Guttman, N, 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ATLAS ,LHC ,Standard Model Higgs boson ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,HIGGS BOSON ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,ddc:500.2 ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,standard model higgs boson ,lhc ,atlas ,HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,ddc:530 ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,VECTOR BOSON - Abstract
This Letter presents the results of a direct search with the ATLAS detector at the LHC for a Standard Model Higgs boson of mass 110 < m(H) < 130 GeV produced in association with a W or Z boson and decaying to bb. Three decay channels are considered: ZH->llbb, WH->lvbb, and ZH->vvbb, where l corresponds to an electron or a muon. No evidence for Higgs boson production is observed in a dataset of 7 TeV pp collisions corresponding to 4.7/fb of integrated luminosity collected by ATLAS in 2011. Exclusion limits on Higgs boson production, at the 95% confidence level, of 2.5 to 5.5 times the Standard Model cross section are obtained in the mass range 110 - 130 GeV. The expected exclusion limits range between 2.5 and 4.9 for the same mass interval., 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 5 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2012-08/
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- 2012
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7. Ecometrics demonstrates that the functional dental traits of carnivoran communities are filtered by climate.
- Author
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Siciliano-Martina L, McGuire JL, Hurtado-Materon MA, Short RA, Lauer DA, Schap JA, Müller J, Manthi FK, Head JJ, and Lawing AM
- Abstract
Terrestrial carnivorans, with their diverse diets and unique adaptations such as the carnassial tooth, offer insights into the connections between functional traits and the climatic and environmental conditions they inhabit. They shed light on functional trait-environment relationships at the highest trophic levels across a broad range of environmental conditions. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between relative blade length (RBL) of the lower carnassial tooth, a key dietary adaptation among terrestrial carnivorans for slicing and grinding food items, and climate. We propose RBL as an ecometric trait and test the hypothesis that community-level RBL is correlated with climate and mediated by environmental effects on food availability. Our findings show that communities with higher mean and broader variance of RBL are typically located in warmer and wetter climates, suggesting a relationship between carnivoran dietary diversity and climate. Conversely, communities with a lower mean and narrower variance of RBL predominantly occupy cooler, drier places. This indicates that community-level carnivoran dietary traits have the potential to serve as indicators of environmental conditions. Given the robust fossil record associated with carnivorans, we also show how RBL can be used as a proxy for reconstructing paleoclimates by examining trait change at seven sites in North America to estimate changes in temperature and precipitation over time in relation to changes in carnivoran community assembly. Understanding the nature of trait-environment relationships can help us anticipate biological impacts of ongoing environmental change and the geographic regions at the greatest risk of ecological disruption., Competing Interests: We have no competing interests to declare., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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8. Conservation of rib skeleton regionalization in the homoplastic evolution of the snake-like body form in squamates.
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Hillan EJ, Roberts LE, Criswell KE, and Head JJ
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- Animals, Snakes anatomy & histology, Ribs anatomy & histology, Biological Evolution
- Abstract
Squamates have independently evolved an elongate, limb-reduced body form numerous times. This transition has been proposed to involve either changes to regulatory gene expression or downstream modification of target enhancers to produce a homogeneous, deregionalized axial skeleton. Analysis of vertebral morphology has suggested that regionalization is maintained in snake-like body forms, but morphological variation in the other primary component of the axial skeleton, the dorsal ribs, has not been previously examined. We quantified rib morphology along the anterior-posterior axis in limbed and snake-like squamates to test different regionalization models. We find that the relative position of regional boundaries remains consistent across taxa of differing body types, including in the homoplastic evolution of snake-like body forms. The consistent retention of regional boundaries in this primaxial domain is uncorrelated with more plastic abaxial region markers. Rather than loss of regions, rib shape at the anterior and posterior of the axis converges on those in the middle, resulting in axial regions being distinguishable by allometric shape changes rather than by discrete morphologies. This complexity challenges notions of deregionalization, revealing a nuanced evolutionary history shaped by shared functions.
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- 2024
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9. Squamate scavenging services: Heath goannas ( Varanus rosenbergi ) support carcass removal and may suppress agriculturally damaging blowflies.
- Author
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Jameson TJM, Johnston GR, Barr M, Sandow D, Head JJ, and Turner EC
- Abstract
Human-induced environmental change has caused widespread loss of species that support important functions for ecosystems and society. For example, vertebrate scavengers contribute to the functional health of ecosystems and provide services to agricultural landscapes by removing carcasses and associated pests. Widespread extirpation of native Australian mammals since the arrival of Europeans in Australia has removed many scavenging species from landscapes, while scavenging mammals such as European red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) have been introduced. In much of Australia, squamate reptiles are the largest native terrestrial scavengers remaining, where large native mammals are extinct and conservation management is being undertaken to remove invasive mammals. The contribution of reptiles to scavenging functions is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the ecosystem functions provided by large reptiles as scavengers to better understand how populations can be managed to support ecosystem services. We investigated the ecosystem services provided by vertebrate scavengers in Australian coastal mallee ecosystems, focusing on the heath goanna ( Varanus rosenbergi ), the only extant native terrestrial scavenger in the region. We carried out exclosure experiments, isolating the scavenging activity of different taxonomic groups to quantify the contribution of different taxa to scavenging services, specifically the removal of rat carcasses, and its impact on the occurrence of agriculturally damaging blowflies. We compared areas with different native and invasive scavenger communities to investigate the impact of invasive species removal and native species abundance on scavenging services. Our results indicated that vertebrate scavenging significantly contributes to carcass removal and limitation of necrophagous fly breeding in carcasses and that levels of removal are higher in areas associated with high densities of heath goannas and low densities of invasive mammals. Therefore, augmentation of heath goanna populations represents a promising management strategy to restore and maximize scavenging ecosystem services., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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10. The first Miocene fossils from coastal woodlands in the southern East African Rift.
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Bobe R, Aldeias V, Alemseged Z, Anemone RL, Archer W, Aumaître G, Bamford MK, Biro D, Bourlès DL, Doyle Boyd M, Braun DR, Capelli C, d'Oliveira Coelho J, Habermann JM, Head JJ, Keddadouche K, Kupczik K, Lebatard AE, Lüdecke T, Macôa A, Martínez FI, Mathe J, Mendes C, Paulo LM, Pinto M, Presnyakova D, Püschel TA, Regala FT, Sier M, Ferreira da Silva MJ, Stalmans M, and Carvalho S
- Abstract
The Miocene was a key time in the evolution of African ecosystems witnessing the origin of the African apes and the isolation of eastern coastal forests through an expanding arid corridor. Until recently, however, Miocene sites from the southeastern regions of the continent were unknown. Here, we report the first Miocene fossil teeth from the shoulders of the Urema Rift in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. We provide the first 1) radiometric ages of the Mazamba Formation, 2) reconstructions of paleovegetation in the region based on pedogenic carbonates and fossil wood, and 3) descriptions of fossil teeth. Gorongosa is unique in the East African Rift in combining marine invertebrates, marine vertebrates, reptiles, terrestrial mammals, and fossil woods in coastal paleoenvironments. The Gorongosa fossil sites offer the first evidence of woodlands and forests on the coastal margins of southeastern Africa during the Miocene, and an exceptional assemblage of fossils including new species., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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11. Disruption of trait-environment relationships in African megafauna occurred in the middle Pleistocene.
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Lauer DA, Lawing AM, Short RA, Manthi FK, Müller J, Head JJ, and McGuire JL
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- Animals, Phylogeny, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Mammals, Fossils, Biological Evolution, Hominidae
- Abstract
Mammalian megafauna have been critical to the functioning of Earth's biosphere for millions of years. However, since the Plio-Pleistocene, their biodiversity has declined concurrently with dramatic environmental change and hominin evolution. While these biodiversity declines are well-documented, their implications for the ecological function of megafaunal communities remain uncertain. Here, we adapt ecometric methods to evaluate whether the functional link between communities of herbivorous, eastern African megafauna and their environments (i.e., functional trait-environment relationships) was disrupted as biodiversity losses occurred over the past 7.4 Ma. Herbivore taxonomic and functional diversity began to decline during the Pliocene as open grassland habitats emerged, persisted, and expanded. In the mid-Pleistocene, grassland expansion intensified, and climates became more variable and arid. It was then that phylogenetic diversity declined, and the trait-environment relationships of herbivore communities shifted significantly. Our results divulge the varying implications of different losses in megafaunal biodiversity. Only the losses that occurred since the mid-Pleistocene were coincident with a disturbance to community ecological function. Prior diversity losses, conversely, occurred as the megafaunal species and trait pool narrowed towards those adapted to grassland environments., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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12. The utility of body size as a functional trait to link the past and present in a diverse reptile clade.
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Parker AK, Müller J, Boisserie JR, and Head JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Climate, Fossils, Reptiles, Ecosystem, Turtles
- Abstract
Understanding the relationships between functional traits and environment is increasingly important for assessing ecosystem health and forecasting biotic responses to future environmental change. Taxon-free analyses of functional traits (ecometrics) allow for testing the performance of such traits through time, utilizing both the fossil record and paleoenvironmental proxies. Here, we test the role of body size as a functional trait with respect to climate, using turtles as a model system. We examine the influence of mass-specific metabolic rate as a functional factor in the sorting of body size with environmental temperature and investigate the utility of community body size composition as an ecometric correlated to climate variables. We then apply our results to the fossil record of the Plio-Pleistocene Shungura Formation in Ethiopia. Results show that turtle body sizes scale with mass-specific metabolic rate for larger taxa, but not for the majority of species, indicating that metabolism is not a primary driver of size. Body size ecometrics have stronger predictive power at continental than at global scales, but without a single, dominant predictive functional relationship. Application of ecometrics to the Shungura fossil record suggests that turtle paleocommunity ecometrics coarsely track independent paleoclimate estimates at local scales. We hypothesize that both human disruption and biotic interactions limit the ecometric fit of size to climate in this clade. Nonetheless, examination of the consistency of trait-environment relationships through deep and shallow time provides a means for testing anthropogenic influences on ecosystems.
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- 2023
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13. hox gene expression predicts tetrapod-like axial regionalization in the skate, Leucoraja erinacea .
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Criswell KE, Roberts LE, Koo ET, Head JJ, and Gillis JA
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- Animals, Biological Evolution, Body Patterning genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Skates, Fish physiology, Spine growth & development, Spine metabolism, Body Patterning physiology, Genes, Homeobox genetics, Genes, Homeobox physiology, Homeodomain Proteins metabolism, Skates, Fish embryology, Skates, Fish genetics
- Abstract
The axial skeleton of tetrapods is organized into distinct anteroposterior regions of the vertebral column (cervical, trunk, sacral, and caudal), and transitions between these regions are determined by colinear anterior expression boundaries of Hox5/6 , -9 , -10 , and -11 paralogy group genes within embryonic paraxial mesoderm. Fishes, conversely, exhibit little in the way of discrete axial regionalization, and this has led to scenarios of an origin of Hox -mediated axial skeletal complexity with the evolutionary transition to land in tetrapods. Here, combining geometric morphometric analysis of vertebral column morphology with cell lineage tracing of hox gene expression boundaries in developing embryos, we recover evidence of at least five distinct regions in the vertebral skeleton of a cartilaginous fish, the little skate ( Leucoraja erinacea ). We find that skate embryos exhibit tetrapod-like anteroposterior nesting of hox gene expression in their paraxial mesoderm, and we show that anterior expression boundaries of hox5/6 , hox9 , hox10 , and hox11 paralogy group genes predict regional transitions in the differentiated skate axial skeleton. Our findings suggest that hox- based axial skeletal regionalization did not originate with tetrapods but rather has a much deeper evolutionary history than was previously appreciated., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
- Published
- 2021
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14. Squamate reptiles from Kanapoi: Faunal evidence for hominin paleoenvironments.
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Head JJ and Müller J
- Subjects
- Animals, Kenya, Lizards anatomy & histology, Biota, Environment, Fossils anatomy & histology, Hominidae, Lizards classification
- Abstract
The squamate fossil record from Kanapoi reveals generic to higher-order similarities with modern East African herpetofaunas. The record is derived from surface collection and screen washing, and consists primarily of isolated vertebrae with a few maxillary and mandibular elements. The most abundant remains are vertebrae of large-bodied Python that are morphologically similar to extant Python sebae, and vertebrae of Varanus cf. (Varanus niloticus + Varanus exanthematicus). Additional cranial and vertebral remains indicate the presence of lygosomine skinks, indeterminate Varanus, Viperidae, cf. Atractaspididae, and multiple colubrine morphotypes in the Kanapoi ecosystem. Despite similarities with modern herpetofaunas, the Kanapoi record lacks taxa common to other East African records, including agamids, chamaeleonids, amphisbaenians, the elapid Naja, and typhlopids. The overall composition of the Kanapoi squamate record is consistent with paleoenvironments similar to modern shrub savanna habitats. There are no indicators of canopied forest environments in squamate faunal composition. The fossil record of Kanapoi suggests that assembly of squamate faunas of modern East Africa was well underway by the late Neogene., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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15. Pectoral myology of limb-reduced worm lizards (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) suggests decoupling of the musculoskeletal system during the evolution of body elongation.
- Author
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Westphal N, Mahlow K, Head JJ, and Müller J
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone and Bones anatomy & histology, Forelimb anatomy & histology, Phylogeny, Skull anatomy & histology, Biological Evolution, Extremities anatomy & histology, Lizards anatomy & histology, Muscles anatomy & histology, Musculoskeletal System anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Background: The evolution of elongated body forms in tetrapods has a strong influence on the musculoskeletal system, including the reduction of pelvic and pectoral girdles, as well as the limbs. However, despite extensive research in this area it still remains unknown how muscles within and around bony girdles are affected by these reductions. Here we investigate this issue using fossorial amphisbaenian reptiles, or worm lizards, as a model system, which show substantial variation in the degree of reductions of girdles and limbs. Using iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), we analyze the composition of the shoulder muscles of the main clades of Amphisbaenia and their outgroups relative to the pectoral skeleton., Results: All investigated amphisbaenian taxa retain the full set of 17 shoulder muscles, independent of the degree of limb and girdle reductions, whereas in some cases muscles are fused to complexes or changed in morphology relative to the ancestral condition. Bipes is the only taxon that retains forelimbs and an almost complete pectoral girdle. All other amphisbaenian families show more variation concerning the completeness of the pectoral girdle having reduced or absent girdle elements. Rhineura, which undergoes the most severe bone reductions, differs from all other taxa in possessing elongated muscle strands instead of discrete shoulder muscles. In all investigated amphisbaenians, the shoulder muscle agglomerate is shortened and shifted anteriorly relative to the ancestral position as seen in the outgroups., Conclusions: Our results show that pectoral muscle anatomy does not necessarily correspond to the loss or reduction of bones, indicating a decoupling of the musculoskeletal system. Muscle attachment sites change from bones to non-skeletal areas, such as surrounding muscles, skin or connective tissue, whereas muscle origins themselves remain in the same region where the pectoral bones were ancestrally located. Our findings indicate a high degree of developmental autonomy within the musculoskeletal system, we predict that the observed evolutionary rearrangements of amphisbaenian shoulder muscles were driven by functional demands rather than by developmental constraints. Nevertheless, worm lizards display a spatial offset of both pectoral bones and muscles relative to the ancestral position, indicating severe developmental modifications of the amphisbaenian body axis.
- Published
- 2019
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16. Fossils reveal the complex evolutionary history of the mammalian regionalized spine.
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Jones KE, Angielczyk KD, Polly PD, Head JJ, Fernandez V, Lungmus JK, Tulga S, and Pierce SE
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- Animals, Mammals genetics, Mammals physiology, Paleontology, Spine physiology, Vertebrates anatomy & histology, Vertebrates classification, Vertebrates physiology, Biological Evolution, Fossils anatomy & histology, Mammals anatomy & histology, Spine anatomy & histology
- Abstract
A unique characteristic of mammals is a vertebral column with anatomically distinct regions, but when and how this trait evolved remains unknown. We reconstructed vertebral regions and their morphological disparity in the extinct forerunners of mammals, the nonmammalian synapsids, to elucidate the evolution of mammalian axial differentiation. Mapping patterns of regionalization and disparity (heterogeneity) across amniotes reveals that both traits increased during synapsid evolution. However, the onset of regionalization predates increased heterogeneity. On the basis of inferred homology patterns, we propose a "pectoral-first" hypothesis for region acquisition, whereby evolutionary shifts in forelimb function in nonmammalian therapsids drove increasing vertebral modularity prior to differentiation of the vertebral column for specialized functions in mammals., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
- Published
- 2018
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17. A new Late Cretaceous iguanomorph from North America and the origin of New World Pleurodonta (Squamata, Iguania).
- Author
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DeMar DG Jr, Conrad JL, Head JJ, Varricchio DJ, and Wilson GP
- Subjects
- Animals, North America, Fossils, Lizards classification, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Iguanomorpha (stem + crown Iguania) is a diverse squamate clade with members that predominate many modern American lizard ecosystems. However, the temporal and palaeobiogeographic origins of its constituent crown clades (e.g. Pleurodonta (basilisks, iguanas, and their relatives)) are poorly constrained, mainly due to a meagre Mesozoic-age fossil record. Here, we report on two nearly complete skeletons from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of North America that represent a new and relatively large-bodied and possibly herbivorous iguanomorph that inhabited a semi-arid environment. The new taxon exhibits a mosaic of anatomical features traditionally used in diagnosing Iguania and non-iguanian squamates (i.e. Scleroglossa; e.g. parietal foramen at the frontoparietal suture, astragalocalcaneal notch in the tibia, respectively). Our cladistic analysis of Squamata revealed a phylogenetic link between Campanian-age North American and East Asian stem iguanomorphs (i.e. the new taxon + Temujiniidae). These results and our evaluation of the squamate fossil record suggest that crown pleurodontans were restricted to the low-latitude Neotropics prior to their early Palaeogene first appearances in the mid-latitudes of North America., (© 2017 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2017
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18. The Fossil Calibration Database-A New Resource for Divergence Dating.
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Ksepka DT, Parham JF, Allman JF, Benton MJ, Carrano MT, Cranston KA, Donoghue PC, Head JJ, Hermsen EJ, Irmis RB, Joyce WG, Kohli M, Lamm KD, Leehr D, Patané JL, Polly PD, Phillips MJ, Smith NA, Smith ND, Van Tuinen M, Ware JL, and Warnock RC
- Subjects
- Access to Information, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Internet, Time, Databases, Factual standards, Fossils, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Fossils provide the principal basis for temporal calibrations, which are critical to the accuracy of divergence dating analyses. Translating fossil data into minimum and maximum bounds for calibrations is the most important-often least appreciated-step of divergence dating. Properly justified calibrations require the synthesis of phylogenetic, paleontological, and geological evidence and can be difficult for nonspecialists to formulate. The dynamic nature of the fossil record (e.g., new discoveries, taxonomic revisions, updates of global or local stratigraphy) requires that calibration data be updated continually lest they become obsolete. Here, we announce the Fossil Calibration Database (http://fossilcalibrations.org), a new open-access resource providing vetted fossil calibrations to the scientific community. Calibrations accessioned into this database are based on individual fossil specimens and follow best practices for phylogenetic justification and geochronological constraint. The associated Fossil Calibration Series, a calibration-themed publication series at Palaeontologia Electronica, will serve as a key pipeline for peer-reviewed calibrations to enter the database., (© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2015
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19. Evolution of the snake body form reveals homoplasy in amniote Hox gene function.
- Author
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Head JJ and Polly PD
- Subjects
- Animals, Cloaca, Developmental Biology, Extremities anatomy & histology, Lizards anatomy & histology, Models, Biological, Sacrum, Fossils, Genes, Homeobox genetics, Phylogeny, Snakes anatomy & histology, Snakes genetics, Spine anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Hox genes regulate regionalization of the axial skeleton in vertebrates, and changes in their expression have been proposed to be a fundamental mechanism driving the evolution of new body forms. The origin of the snake-like body form, with its deregionalized pre-cloacal axial skeleton, has been explained as either homogenization of Hox gene expression domains, or retention of standard vertebrate Hox domains with alteration of downstream expression that suppresses development of distinct regions. Both models assume a highly regionalized ancestor, but the extent of deregionalization of the primaxial domain (vertebrae, dorsal ribs) of the skeleton in snake-like body forms has never been analysed. Here we combine geometric morphometrics and maximum-likelihood analysis to show that the pre-cloacal primaxial domain of elongate, limb-reduced lizards and snakes is not deregionalized compared with limbed taxa, and that the phylogenetic structure of primaxial morphology in reptiles does not support a loss of regionalization in the evolution of snakes. We demonstrate that morphometric regional boundaries correspond to mapped gene expression domains in snakes, suggesting that their primaxial domain is patterned by a normally functional Hox code. Comparison of primaxial osteology in fossil and modern amniotes with Hox gene distributions within Amniota indicates that a functional, sequentially expressed Hox code patterned a subtle morphological gradient along the anterior-posterior axis in stem members of amniote clades and extant lizards, including snakes. The highly regionalized skeletons of extant archosaurs and mammals result from independent evolution in the Hox code and do not represent ancestral conditions for clades with snake-like body forms. The developmental origin of snakes is best explained by decoupling of the primaxial and abaxial domains and by increases in somite number, not by changes in the function of primaxial Hox genes.
- Published
- 2015
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20. Unusual soft-tissue preservation of a crocodile lizard (Squamata, Shinisauria) from the green river formation (Eocene) and shinisaur relationships.
- Author
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Conrad JL, Head JJ, and Carrano MT
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Colorado, Extinction, Biological, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Fossils, Lizards anatomy & histology, Skin anatomy & histology
- Abstract
We describe an unusual squamate fossil from the Green River Formation (Uintan, Eocene) from the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, USA. The new specimen, USNM PAL 540708, is a small fossil squamate skin lacking skeletal elements. It is preserved as a part and counterpart in fine-grained limestone. Recovery of a fossil organism's skin (not a shed, but a true skin) is unusual and is most often accompanied by bone preservation. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined morphology (phenotype) and genetic data set reveals that USNM PAL 540708 is a shinisaur and reaffirms that shinisaurs are more closely related to varanids than to Xenosaurus. Shinisaur fossils are very rare, with only three species having been described (Dalinghosaurus longidigitus, Bahndwivici ammoskius, and Merkurosaurus ornatus). Despite differences in the relative size of scales, the new fossil demonstrates that shinisaurs have remained unchanged in the distribution of scales and patterns of scale size during the Cenozoic. This, paired with the osteological similarity between another Green River fossil (Bahndwivici ammoskius) demonstrates considerable overall conservatism within shinisaurs over the past 50 million years., (Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2014
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21. Giant lizards occupied herbivorous mammalian ecospace during the Paleogene greenhouse in Southeast Asia.
- Author
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Head JJ, Gunnell GF, Holroyd PA, Hutchison JH, and Ciochon RL
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Body Size genetics, Greenhouse Effect, Herbivory, Mammals genetics, Mammals physiology, Myanmar, Phylogeny, Ecosystem, Fossils, Lizards genetics, Lizards physiology
- Abstract
Mammals dominate modern terrestrial herbivore ecosystems, whereas extant herbivorous reptiles are limited in diversity and body size. The evolution of reptile herbivory and its relationship to mammalian diversification is poorly understood with respect to climate and the roles of predation pressure and competition for food resources. Here, we describe a giant fossil acrodontan lizard recovered with a diverse mammal assemblage from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar, which provides a historical test of factors controlling body size in herbivorous squamates. We infer a predominately herbivorous feeding ecology for the new acrodontan based on dental anatomy, phylogenetic relationships and body size. Ranking body masses for Pondaung Formation vertebrates indicates that the lizard occupied a size niche among the larger herbivores and was larger than most carnivorous mammals. Paleotemperature estimates of Pondaung Formation environments based on the body size of the new lizard are approximately 2-5°C higher than modern. These results indicate that competitive exclusion and predation by mammals did not restrict body size evolution in these herbivorous squamates, and elevated temperatures relative to modern climates during the Paleogene greenhouse may have resulted in the evolution of gigantism through elevated poikilothermic metabolic rates and in response to increases in floral productivity.
- Published
- 2013
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22. Best practices for justifying fossil calibrations.
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Parham JF, Donoghue PC, Bell CJ, Calway TD, Head JJ, Holroyd PA, Inoue JG, Irmis RB, Joyce WG, Ksepka DT, Patané JS, Smith ND, Tarver JE, van Tuinen M, Yang Z, Angielczyk KD, Greenwood JM, Hipsley CA, Jacobs L, Makovicky PJ, Müller J, Smith KT, Theodor JM, Warnock RC, and Benton MJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Calibration, Classification methods, Fossils, Phylogeny
- Published
- 2012
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23. Synthesizing and databasing fossil calibrations: divergence dating and beyond.
- Author
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Ksepka DT, Benton MJ, Carrano MT, Gandolfo MA, Head JJ, Hermsen EJ, Joyce WG, Lamm KS, Patané JS, Phillips MJ, Polly PD, Van Tuinen M, Ware JL, Warnock RC, and Parham JF
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Calibration, Computational Biology methods, Databases, Factual, Genetic Speciation, Insecta anatomy & histology, Insecta genetics, North Carolina, Paleontology methods, Plants anatomy & histology, Plants genetics, Preservation, Biological, Vertebrates anatomy & histology, Vertebrates genetics, Fossils, Insecta classification, Phylogeny, Plants classification, Vertebrates classification
- Abstract
Divergence dating studies, which combine temporal data from the fossil record with branch length data from molecular phylogenetic trees, represent a rapidly expanding approach to understanding the history of life. National Evolutionary Synthesis Center hosted the first Fossil Calibrations Working Group (3-6 March, 2011, Durham, NC, USA), bringing together palaeontologists, molecular evolutionists and bioinformatics experts to present perspectives from disciplines that generate, model and use fossil calibration data. Presentations and discussions focused on channels for interdisciplinary collaboration, best practices for justifying, reporting and using fossil calibrations and roadblocks to synthesis of palaeontological and molecular data. Bioinformatics solutions were proposed, with the primary objective being a new database for vetted fossil calibrations with linkages to existing resources, targeted for a 2012 launch.
- Published
- 2011
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24. Eocene lizard from Germany reveals amphisbaenian origins.
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Müller J, Hipsley CA, Head JJ, Kardjilov N, Hilger A, Wuttke M, and Reisz RR
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- Animals, Body Size, Ecosystem, Extremities anatomy & histology, Germany, Lizards physiology, Models, Biological, Skull anatomy & histology, Snakes anatomy & histology, Snakes classification, Fossils, Lizards anatomy & histology, Lizards classification, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Amphisbaenia is a speciose clade of fossorial lizards characterized by a snake-like body and a strongly reinforced skull adapted for head-first burrowing. The evolutionary origins of amphisbaenians are controversial, with molecular data uniting them with lacertids, a clade of Old World terrestrial lizards, whereas morphology supports a grouping with snakes and other limbless squamates. Reports of fossil stem amphisbaenians have been falsified, and no fossils have previously tested these competing phylogenetic hypotheses or shed light on ancestral amphisbaenian ecology. Here we report the discovery of a new lacertid-like lizard from the Eocene Messel locality of Germany that provides the first morphological evidence for lacertid-amphisbaenian monophyly on the basis of a reinforced, akinetic skull roof and braincase, supporting the view that body elongation and limblessness in amphisbaenians and snakes evolved independently. Morphometric analysis of body shape and ecology in squamates indicates that the postcranial anatomy of the new taxon is most consistent with opportunistically burrowing habits, which in combination with cranial reinforcement indicates that head-first burrowing evolved before body elongation and may have been a crucial first step in the evolution of amphisbaenian fossoriality.
- Published
- 2011
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25. Early sexual risk among black and minority ethnicity teenagers: a mixed methods study.
- Author
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Jayakody A, Sinha S, Tyler K, Khadr SN, Clark C, Klineberg E, Booy R, Bhui K, Head JJ, Stansfeld S, Roberts H, and Viner RM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, Focus Groups, Health Surveys, Humans, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Unsafe Sex statistics & numerical data, Black People, Unsafe Sex ethnology
- Abstract
Purpose: To determine how ethnic background influences early sexual activity among young adults., Methods: Quantitative data were collected during the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey study, a population-based survey of young adults belonging to white and black and minority ethnic groups and residing in east London in 2001 (n = 2,689) and 2003 (n = 2,675). Qualitative data were obtained from 146 young adults between January and September 2003., Results: Black Caribbean, black African, white other, and mixed ethnicity young men were most likely to report high-risk sexual behaviors, that is, sexual debut at the age of ≤13 years, having unprotected sex, and having multiple sexual partners. There were marked variations within groups commonly collapsed as "black" or as "Muslim." Black Caribbean and black African young adults reported high rates of protective behaviors in addition to risk behaviors. Qualitative data confirmed variations in sexual behavior within ethnic groups. Longitudinally, risk of engaging in two or more high-risk sexual behaviors was predicted by low family support (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.9), regular smoking (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.7-12.0), and usage of illicit drugs (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.5-5.8), with lower risk predicted by low peer support (OR: .3, 95% CI: .2-.6)., Conclusions: Young adults belonging to black and minority ethnic groups reported a wide variation in sexual risk behaviors. High levels of high-risk behaviors were reported in ethnic groups known to have high rates of sexually transmitted infections. Effective sexual health interventions should be started early and they must focus on sexual debut and partner choices as well as messages regarding safe sex., (Copyright © 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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26. Phylogeny and divergence times of filesnakes (Acrochordus): inferences from morphology, fossils and three molecular loci.
- Author
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Sanders KL, Mumpuni, Hamidy A, Head JJ, and Gower DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Bayes Theorem, Cell Nucleus genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Fossils, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Snakes anatomy & histology, Snakes classification, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Snakes genetics
- Abstract
Acrochordus is a species-poor but highly distinctive aquatic snake genus currently distributed from India to the western edge of the Pacific. We provide the first phylogeny for the three extant species using Bayesian and parsimony analyses of one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene sequences. Acrochordus javanicus is strongly recovered as sister to A. arafurae+A. granulatus, counter to expectations from superficial ecology, external phenotype and former taxonomy. We review and revise key fossil calibrations for dating snake divergences. Bayesian relaxed-clock analysis of the two nuclear loci yields deep interspecific divergences among extant species that occurred during the Miocene approximately 16 and approximately 20Mya (million years ago), pre-dating at least two of the three other living marine snake lineages. New morphological data for A. arafurae, and our molecular timescale, provide support for the placement of fossil taxon A. dehmi within the Acrochordus crown group, as sister to A. javanicus among nominate species. Finally, Acrochordus phylogeny provides an improved basis for taxon selection and character polarization in higher snake phylogenetics. Our study highlights the three Acrochordus species as old and highly distinct lineages that comprise an important component of the threatened Indo-Australian biodiversity., (Crown Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Predation upon hatchling dinosaurs by a new snake from the late Cretaceous of India.
- Author
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Wilson JA, Mohabey DM, Peters SE, and Head JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, India, Phylogeny, Skeleton, Animals, Newborn, Dinosaurs, Feeding Behavior, Fossils, Predatory Behavior, Snakes anatomy & histology, Snakes classification, Snakes physiology
- Abstract
Derived large-mouthed snakes (macrostomatans) possess numerous specializations in their skull and lower jaws that allow them to consume large vertebrate prey. In contrast, basal snakes lack these adaptations and feed primarily on small prey items. The sequence of osteological and behavioral modifications involved in the evolution of the macrostomatan condition has remained an open question because of disagreement about the origin and interrelationships of snakes, the paucity of well-preserved early snake fossils on many continental landmasses, and the lack of information about the feeding ecology of early snakes. We report on a partial skeleton of a new 3.5-m-long snake, Sanajeh indicus gen. et sp. nov., recovered from Upper Cretaceous rocks of western India. S. indicus was fossilized in association with a sauropod dinosaur egg clutch, coiled around an egg and adjacent to the remains of a ca. 0.5-m-long hatchling. Multiple snake-egg associations at the site strongly suggest that S. indicus frequented nesting grounds and preyed on hatchling sauropods. We interpret this pattern as "ethofossil" preservation of feeding behavior. S. indicus lacks specializations of modern egg-eaters and of macrostomatans, and skull and vertebral synapomorphies place it in an intermediate position in snake phylogeny. Sanajeh and its large-bodied madtsoiid sister taxa Yurlunggur camfieldensis and Wonambi naracoortensis from the Neogene of Australia show specializations for intraoral prey transport but lack the adaptations for wide gape that characterize living macrostomatan snakes. The Dholi Dungri fossils are the second definitive association between sauropod eggs and embryonic or hatchling remains. New fossils from western India provide direct evidence of feeding ecology in a Mesozoic snake and demonstrate predation risks for hatchling sauropod dinosaurs. Our results suggest that large body size and jaw mobility afforded some non-macrostomatan snakes a greater diversity of prey items than previously suspected on the basis of extant basal snakes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Homeotic effects, somitogenesis and the evolution of vertebral numbers in recent and fossil amniotes.
- Author
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Müller J, Scheyer TM, Head JJ, Barrett PM, Werneburg I, Ericson PG, Pol D, and Sánchez-Villagra MR
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Patterning genetics, Ecosystem, Genes, Homeobox, Mammals anatomy & histology, Mammals classification, Mammals genetics, Mammals growth & development, Phylogeny, Reptiles anatomy & histology, Reptiles classification, Reptiles genetics, Reptiles growth & development, Somites anatomy & histology, Somites growth & development, Vertebrates anatomy & histology, Vertebrates classification, Vertebrates genetics, Vertebrates growth & development, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Spine anatomy & histology, Spine growth & development
- Abstract
The development of distinct regions in the amniote vertebral column results from somite formation and Hox gene expression, with the adult morphology displaying remarkable variation among lineages. Mammalian regionalization is reportedly very conservative or even constrained, but there has been no study investigating vertebral count variation across Amniota as a whole, undermining attempts to understand the phylogenetic, ecological, and developmental factors affecting vertebral column variation. Here, we show that the mammalian (synapsid) and reptilian lineages show early in their evolutionary histories clear divergences in axial developmental plasticity, in terms of both regionalization and meristic change, with basal synapsids sharing the conserved axial configuration of crown mammals, and basal reptiles demonstrating the plasticity of extant taxa. We conducted a comprehensive survey of presacral vertebral counts across 436 recent and extinct amniote taxa. Vertebral counts were mapped onto a generalized amniote phylogeny as well as individual ingroup trees, and ancestral states were reconstructed by using squared-change parsimony. We also calculated the relationship between presacral and cervical numbers to infer the relative influence of homeotic effects and meristic changes and found no correlation between somitogenesis and Hox-mediated regionalization. Although conservatism in presacral numbers characterized early synapsid lineages, in some cases reptiles and synapsids exhibit the same developmental innovations in response to similar selective pressures. Conversely, increases in body mass are not coupled with meristic or homeotic changes, but mostly occur in concert with postembryonic somatic growth. Our study highlights the importance of fossils in large-scale investigations of evolutionary developmental processes.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Giant boid snake from the Palaeocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures.
- Author
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Head JJ, Bloch JI, Hastings AK, Bourque JR, Cadena EA, Herrera FA, Polly PD, and Jaramillo CA
- Subjects
- Animals, Atmosphere chemistry, Biological Evolution, Body Temperature Regulation, Boidae metabolism, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Colombia, Energy Metabolism, History, Ancient, Body Size, Boidae anatomy & histology, Fossils, Temperature, Tropical Climate
- Abstract
The largest extant snakes live in the tropics of South America and southeast Asia where high temperatures facilitate the evolution of large body sizes among air-breathing animals whose body temperatures are dependant on ambient environmental temperatures (poikilothermy). Very little is known about ancient tropical terrestrial ecosystems, limiting our understanding of the evolution of giant snakes and their relationship to climate in the past. Here we describe a boid snake from the oldest known neotropical rainforest fauna from the Cerrejón Formation (58-60 Myr ago) in northeastern Colombia. We estimate a body length of 13 m and a mass of 1,135 kg, making it the largest known snake. The maximum size of poikilothermic animals at a given temperature is limited by metabolic rate, and a snake of this size would require a minimum mean annual temperature of 30-34 degrees C to survive. This estimate is consistent with hypotheses of hot Palaeocene neotropics with high concentrations of atmospheric CO(2) based on climate models. Comparison of palaeotemperature estimates from the equator to those from South American mid-latitudes indicates a relatively steep temperature gradient during the early Palaeogene greenhouse, similar to that of today. Depositional environments and faunal composition of the Cerrejón Formation indicate an anaconda-like ecology for the giant snake, and an earliest Cenozoic origin of neotropical vertebrate faunas.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Palaeontology: Turtle origins out to sea.
- Author
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Reisz RR and Head JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, China, Fossils, Turtles anatomy & histology, Turtles physiology
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Dissociation of somatic growth from segmentation drives gigantism in snakes.
- Author
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Head JJ and David Polly P
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weights and Measures, Regression Analysis, Species Specificity, Biological Evolution, Body Patterning physiology, Body Size physiology, Snakes growth & development, Spine growth & development
- Abstract
Body size is significantly correlated with number of vertebrae (pleomerism) in multiple vertebrate lineages, indicating that change in number of body segments produced during somitogenesis is an important factor in evolutionary change in body size, but the role of segmentation in the evolution of extreme sizes, including gigantism, has not been examined. We explored the relationship between body size and vertebral count in basal snakes that exhibit gigantism. Boids, pythonids and the typhlopid genera, Typhlops and Rhinotyphlops, possess a positive relationship between body size and vertebral count, confirming the importance of pleomerism; however, giant taxa possessed fewer than expected vertebrae, indicating that a separate process underlies the evolution of gigantism in snakes. The lack of correlation between body size and vertebral number in giant taxa demonstrates dissociation of segment production in early development from somatic growth during maturation, indicating that gigantism is achieved by modifying development at a different stage from that normally selected for changes in body size.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Care of the infant with a stoma.
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Bishop WS and Head JJ
- Subjects
- Bandages, Dermatitis prevention & control, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Parents, Pediatric Nursing, Professional-Family Relations, Surgical Wound Infection prevention & control, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous surgery, Ileostomy nursing, Infant, Newborn, Diseases surgery
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CONFERENCE LV: CONDUCTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI.
- Author
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HEAD JJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Mississippi, Medicine, Pathology, Schools
- Published
- 1964
34. Intramuscular perphenazine for the treatment of disturbed behavior.
- Author
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Ritter RM, Jaquith WL, Nail HR, and Head JJ
- Subjects
- Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Perphenazine adverse effects, Perphenazine therapeutic use, Social Behavior Disorders drug therapy
- Published
- 1968
35. The Spreading Effect of Testicle Extract upon Areas of Acute Inflammation Produced by Physical Agents.
- Author
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Head JJ and Thomas RM
- Published
- 1939
36. BLUEPRINT FOR CARE OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND RETARDATION.
- Author
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HEAD JJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Mississippi, Intellectual Disability, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services
- Published
- 1964
37. A simultaneous outbreak of meningococcal and influenza infections.
- Author
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Young LS, LaForce FM, Head JJ, Feeley JC, and Bennett JV
- Subjects
- Antibodies analysis, Carrier State diagnosis, Complement Fixation Tests, Female, Hemagglutination Tests, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human immunology, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections immunology, Middle Aged, Mississippi, Nasopharynx microbiology, Neisseria meningitidis immunology, Neisseria meningitidis isolation & purification, Orthomyxoviridae immunology, Orthomyxoviridae isolation & purification, Pharynx microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Influenza, Human complications, Meningococcal Infections complications
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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