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1. Integration vs segregation: evidence from measuring and comparing interdisciplinarity in funded and unfunded research using a network approach

Author

Du, Anbang, Head, Michael, and Brede, Markus

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Interdisciplinary research fuels innovation. However, research investment has been found to have become more conservative and highly interdisciplinary ideas tend to be punished during research evaluation. How does this affect the interdisciplinarity of research output? To answer this question, our study presents a novel network approach by comparing the evolution of interdisciplinarity in funded research against unfunded research. Considering the field of infectious disease research, the analysis of temporal networks reveals (i) the growing compartmentalisation of funded research, i.e., it becomes more conservative and focuses on the groups of knowledge with readily established connections, and (ii) the growth in global integration in unfunded research, i.e., it tends to be more widely exploratory and links distant knowledge. In addition, we find that in general funded research is less interdisciplinary than unfunded research but this effect decreases through time. Moreover, we observe that interdisciplinary research on prominent infectious diseases like HIV tends to have strong bridging effects facilitating global knowledge integration in the network. In terms of the coronavirus research, despite the surge in publications since COVID-19, we find its systematic impact on knowledge integration remains relatively low. Overall, this research provides detailed insights into the impact of conservatism in funding interdisciplinary research, allows for the identification of under/over-funded interdisciplinary research areas, and offers valuable implications for policymakers aiming to foster interdisciplinary research.

Published
2024

2. Modelling the mitigation of anti-vaccine opinion propagation to suppress epidemic spread: A computational approach

Author

Alahmadi, Sarah, Hoyle, Rebecca, Head, Michael, and Brede, Markus

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Information regarding vaccines from sources such as health services, media, and social networks can significantly shape vaccination decisions. In particular, the dissemination of negative information can contribute to vaccine hesitancy, thereby exacerbating infectious disease outbreaks. This study investigates strategies to mitigate anti-vaccine social contagion through effective counter-campaigns that disseminate positive vaccine information and encourage vaccine uptake, aiming to reduce the size of epidemics. In a coupled agent-based model that consists of opinion and disease diffusion processes, we explore and compare different heuristics to design positive campaigns based on the network structure and local presence of negative vaccine attitudes. We examine two campaigning regimes: a static regime with a fixed set of targets, and a dynamic regime in which targets can be updated over time. We demonstrate that strategic targeting and engagement with the dynamics of anti-vaccine influence diffusion in the network can effectively mitigate the spread of anti-vaccine sentiment, thereby reducing the epidemic size. However, the effectiveness of the campaigns differs across different targeting strategies and is impacted by a range of factors. We find that the primary advantage of static campaigns lies in their capacity to act as an obstacle, preventing the clustering of emerging anti-vaccine communities, thereby resulting in smaller and unconnected anti-vaccine groups. On the other hand, dynamic campaigns reach a broader segment of the population and adapt to the evolution of anti-vaccine diffusion, not only protecting susceptible agents from negative influence but also fostering positive propagation within negative regions., Comment: Submitted to the PLOS ONE Journal

Published
2024

12. Heart rate variability and stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation

Author

Aeschbacher, Stefanie, Bhend, Katalin, Blum, Steffen, Bonati, Leo H., Carmine, Désirée, Conen, David, Eken, Ceylan, Fischer, Urs, Girroy, Corinne, Hennings, Elisa, Krisai, Philipp, Kühne, Michael, Mäder, Nina, Meyer-Zürn, Christine, Meyre, Pascal B., Monsch, Andreas U., Mosher, Luke, Müller, Christian, Osswald, Stefan, Paladini, Rebecca E., Peter, Raffaele, Schweigler, Adrian, Sticherling, Christian, Szucs, Thomas, Völlmin, Gian, Aujesky, Drahomir, Fuhrer, Juerg, Roten, Laurent, Jung, Simon, Mattle, Heinrich, Netzer, Seraina, Adam, Luise, Aubert, Carole Elodie, Feller, Martin, Loewe, Axel, Moutzouri, Elisavet, Schneider, Claudio, Flückiger, Tanja, Groen, Cindy, Ehrsam, Lukas, Hellrigl, Sven, Nuoffer, Alexandra, Rakovic, Damiana, Schwab, Nathalie, Wenger, Rylana, Zarrabi Saffari, Tu Hanh, Rodondi, Nicolas, Reichlin, Tobias, Beynon, Christopher, Dillier, Roger, Deubelbeiss, Michèle, Eberli, Franz, Franzini, Christine, Juchli, Isabel, Liedtke, Claudia, Murugiah, Samira, Nadler, Jacqueline, Obst, Thayze, Roth, Jasmin, Schlomowitsch, Fiona, Schneider, Xiaoye, Studerus, Katrin, Tynan, Noreen, Weishaupt, Dominik, Müller, Andreas, Friedli, Corinne, Kuest, Silke, Scheuch, Karin, Hischier, Denise, Bonetti, Nicole, Grau, Alexandra, Villinger, Jonas, Laube, Eva, Baumgartner, Philipp, Filipovic, Mark, Frick, Marcel, Montrasio, Giulia, Leuenberger, Stefanie, Rutz, Franziska, Beer, Jürg-Hans, Auricchio, Angelo, Anesini, Adriana, Camporini, Cristina, Caputo, Maria Luce, Peronaci, Rebecca, Regoli, Francois, Ronchi, Martina, Conte, Giulio, Brenner, Roman, Altmann, David, Fink, Karin, Gemperle, Michaela, Ammann, Peter, Firmann, Mathieu, Foucras, Sandrine, Rime, Martine, Hayoz, Daniel, Berte, Benjamin, Bühler, Kathrin, Justi, Virgina, Kellner-Weldon, Frauke, Koch, Melanie, Mehmann, Brigitta, Meier, Sonja, Roth, Myriam, Ruckli-Kaeppeli, Andrea, Russi, Ian, Schmidt, Kai, Young, Mabelle, Kobza, Richard, Rigamonti, Elia, Cereda, Carlo, Cianfoni, Alessandro, De Perna, Maria Luisa, Frangi-Kultalahti, Jane, Mayer Melchiorre, Patrizia Assunta, Pin, Anica, Terrot, Tatiana, Vicari, Luisa, Moschovitis, Giorgio, Ehret, Georg, Gallet, Hervé, Guillermet, Elise, Lazeyras, Francois, Lovblad, Karl-Olof, Perret, Patrick, Tavel, Philippe, Teres, Cheryl, Shah, Dipen, Lauriers, Nathalie, Méan, Marie, Salzmann, Sandrine, Schläpfer, Jürg, Porretta, Alessandra Pia, Grêt, Andrea, Novak, Jan, Vitelli, Sandra, Stephan, Frank-Peter, Gallino, Augusto, Di Valentino, Marcello, Aebersold, Helena, Foster, Fabienne, Schwenkglenks, Matthias, Düring, Marco, Sinnecker, Tim, Altermatt, Anna, Amann, Michael, Huber, Petra, Hürbin, Manuel, Ruberte, Esther, Thöni, Alain, Würfel, Jens, Zuber, Vanessa, Coslovsky (Head), Michael, Neuschwander, Pia, Simon, Patrick, Wunderlin, Olivia, Schmid, Ramun, Baumann, Christian, Hämmerle, Peter, Schlageter, Vincent, Coslovsky, Michael, Coduri, Federica, Blum, Manuel R., Stauber, Annina, Beer, Jürg, and Zuern, Christine S.

Published
2024
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13. The Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE): Pre-Launch

Author

Weisskopf, Martin C., Soffitta, Paolo, Baldini, Luca, Ramsey, Brian D., O'Dell, Stephen L., Romani, Roger W., Matt, Giorgio, Deininger, William D., Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Costa, Enrico, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Latronico, Luca, Marshall, Herman L., Muleri, Fabio, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Tennant, Allyn, Bucciantini, Niccolo, Dovciak, Michal, Marin, Frederic, Marscher, Alan, Poutanen, Juri, Slane, Pat, Turolla, Roberto, Kalinowski, William, Di Marco, Alessandro, Fabiani, Sergio, Minuti, Massimo, La Monaca, Fabio, Pinchera, Michele, Rankin, John, Sgro', Carmelo, Trois, Alessio, Xie, Fei, Alexander, Cheryl, Allen, D. Zachery, Amici, Fabrizio, Andersen, Jason, Antonelli, Angelo, Antoniak, Spencer, Attina', Primo, Barbanera, Mattia, Bachetti, Matteo, Baggett, Randy M., Bladt, Jeff, Brez, Alessandro, Bonino, Raffaella, Boree, Christopher, Borotto, Fabio, Breeding, Shawn, Brienza, Daniele, Bygott, H. Kyle, Caporale, Ciro, Cardelli, Claudia, Carpentiero, Rita, Castellano, Simone, Castronuovo, Marco, Cavalli, Luca, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceccanti, Marco, Centrone, Mauro, Citraro, Saverio, Amico, Fabio D', D'Alba, Elisa, Di Gesu, Laura, Del Monte, Ettore, Dietz, Kurtis L., Di Lalla, Niccolo', Di Persio, Giuseppe, Dolan, David, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Evangelista, Yuri, Ferrant, Kevin, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Ferrie, MacKenzie, Footdale, Joseph, Forsyth, Brent, Foster, Michelle, Garelick, Benjamin, Gunji, Shuichi, Gurnee, Eli, Head, Michael, Hibbard, Grant, Johnson, Samantha, Kelly, Erik, Kilaru, Kiranmayee, Lefevre, Carlo, Roy, Shelley Le, Loffredo, Pasqualino, Lorenzi, Paolo, Lucchesi, Leonardo, Maddox, Tyler, Magazzu, Guido, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Mangraviti, Elio, Marengo, Marco, Marrocchesi, Alessandra, Massaro, Francesco, Mauger, David, McCracken, Jeffrey, McEachen, Michael, Mize, Rondal, Mereu, Paolo, Mitchell, Scott, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Morbidini, Alfredo, Mosti, Federico, Nasimi, Hikmat, Negri, Barbara, Negro, Michela, Nguyen, Toan, Nitschke, Isaac, Nuti, Alessio, Onizuka, Mitch, Oppedisano, Chiara, Orsini, Leonardo, Osborne, Darren, Pacheco, Richard, Paggi, Alessandro, Painter, Will, Pavelitz, Steven D., Pentz, Christina, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Peterson, Colin, Pilia, Maura, Profeti, Alessandro, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ranganathan, Jaganathan, Ratheesh, Ajay, Reedy, Lee, Root, Noah, Rubini, Alda, Ruswick, Stephanie, Sanchez, Javier, Sarra, Paolo, Santoli, Francesco, Scalise, Emanuele, Sciortino, Andrea, Schroeder, Christopher, Seek, Tim, Sosdian, Kalie, Spandre, Gloria, Speegle, Chet O., Tamagawa, Toru, Tardiola, Marcello, Tobia, Antonino, Thomas, Nicholas E., Valerie, Robert, Vimercati, Marco, Walden, Amy L., Weddendorf, Bruce, Wedmore, Jeffrey, Welch, David, Zanetti, Davide, and Zanetti, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Scheduled to launch in late 2021, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a NASA Small Explorer Mission in collaboration with the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The mission will open a new window of investigation - imaging X-ray polarimetry. The observatory features 3 identical telescopes each consisting of a mirror module assembly with a polarization-sensitive imaging X-ray detector at the focus. A coilable boom, deployed on orbit, provides the necessary 4-m focal length. The observatory utilizes a 3-axis-stabilized spacecraft which provides services such as power, attitude determination and control, commanding, and telemetry to the ground. During its 2-year baseline mission, IXPE will conduct precise polarimetry for samples of multiple categories of X-ray sources, with follow-on observations of selected targets.

Published
2021

16. Soviet Legal Theory

Author

Head, Michael, Mindus, Patricia, Section editor, Gkouvas, Triantafyllos, Section editor, Sellers, Mortimer, editor, and Kirste, Stephan, editor

Published
2023
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18. Global funding for cancer research between 2016 and 2020: a content analysis of public and philanthropic investments

Author

McIntosh, Stuart A, Alam, Fareeha, Adams, Laura, Boon, Ian S, Callaghan, Jonathan, Conti, Isabella, Copson, Ellen, Carson, Victoria, Davidson, Mitchell, Fitzgerald, Helen, Gautam, Ashram, Jones, Christopher M, Kargbo, Saffron, Lakshmipathy, Gokul, Maguire, Hannah, McFerran, Kathryn, Mirandari, Amatta, Moore, Natasha, Moore, Ross, Murray, Aidan, Newman, Lydia, Robinson, Stephen D, Segaran, Ashvina, Soong, Chin Nam, Walker, Andrew, Wijayaweera, Kusal, Atun, Rifat, Cutress, Ramsey I, and Head, Michael G

Published
2023
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19. The impact of COVID-19 and rapid policy exemptions expanding on access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD): A nationwide Veterans Health Administration cohort study

Author

Livingston, Nicholas A., Davenport, Michael, Head, Michael, Henke, Rachel, LeBeau, Lavonia Smith, Gibson, Teresa B., Banducci, Anne N., Sarpong, Alexis, Jayanthi, Saketh, Roth, Clara, Camacho-Cook, Jessica, Meng, Frank, Hyde, Justeen, Mulvaney-Day, Norah, White, Mackenzie, Chen, Daniel C., Stein, Michael D., and Weisberg, Risa

Published
2022
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27. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care utilization for commercial and Medicaid beneficiaries with opioid use disorder.

Author

LeBeau, Lavonia Smith, Head, Michael A., Henke, Rachel Mosher, Pack, Kenneth C., White, Mackenzie C., Mulvaney Day, Norah, Gibson, Teresa B., Davenport, Michael J., Chen, Daniel C. R., Stein, Michael D., Meng, Frank, Hyde, Justeen, and Livingston, Nicholas A.

Subjects
*MEDICAID beneficiaries, *OPIOID abuse, *MEDICAL care use, *COVID-19 pandemic, *EMERGENCY room visits, *OPIOIDS
Abstract

AbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsConclusionsWe sought to examine how COVID-19 affected opioid use disorder (OUD)-specific health care utilization for insured individuals with preexisting OUD during the first year of the pandemic.In this retrospective cohort study, using data from the Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial and Medicaid data, we examined pre- and post-pandemic changes receipt of therapy, medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and emergency department (ED) and inpatient admissions.The pandemic-exposed cohort was more likely to receive therapy; however, the commercial sample did not evidence change in the number of sessions received while Medicaid beneficiaries evidenced a significant decrease of 3.87 sessions per year, p < 0.001. We observed increases in the likelihood of receiving any MOUD among Medicaid beneficiaries, but significant decreases in months of MOUD for both commercial (2.16 months, p < 0.001) and Medicaid pandemic cohorts (1.94 months, p < 0.001) compared with their respective pre-pandemic cohorts. There were significant decreases in the likelihood of any and the count of emergency department visits across samples during the pandemic, all p < 0.001. For the Medicaid sample, there was a significant decrease in the likelihood of having an inpatient admission, p < 0.001, and there was a greater decrease in the number of inpatient days per year among commercially insured, p = 0.011 during the pandemic.Adults diagnosed with OUD before the pandemic experienced significant disruptions to care, particularly continuity of care and access to emergency services, despite efforts by policymakers to counter pandemic-related access barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Infant and child mortality in Afghanistan: A scoping review.

Author

Qamar, Khulud, Essar, Mohammad Yasir, Siddiqui, Javeria Arif, Salman, Ariba, Salman, Yumna, and Head, Michael G.

Subjects
CHILD mortality, INFANT mortality, SUDDEN infant death syndrome, DEATH rate
Abstract

Background and Aims: Since 1990, global child and infant mortality rates have typically stabilized or decreased due to improved healthcare, vaccination rollouts, and international funding. However, Afghanistan continues to face the highest child and infant mortality rates globally, with 43 deaths per 1000 live births. This study aims to examine the factors contributing to this high mortality rate and propose interventions to address the issue. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed, focusing on articles published in English within the last 10 years (2013–2023). The search terms included "Child mortality," "Infant mortality," "SIDS," "COVID‐19," and "Afghanistan." Original studies, systematic reviews, case studies, and reports meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. Additional sources from organizations such as UNICEF, the World Bank Group, WHO, and EMRO were also reviewed. Results: The study findings reveal significant challenges contributing to Afghanistan's high infant and child mortality rates. These challenges include birth defects, preterm birth, malnutrition, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), traumatic injuries, fatal infections, infanticide, and abuse. The ongoing conflict, insecurity, and humanitarian crises further exacerbate the situation, leading to increased child casualties. Despite efforts by international agencies like UNICEF to provide vaccines and maternal education, the infant mortality rate remains high. Conclusion: In conclusion, Afghanistan's child and infant mortality rates are of significant concern, and it is imperative that action be taken to reduce the incidence of child and infant mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. SIBERIA

Author

Head, Michael

Published
2019

43. To Concern or Not to Concern: Analyses of Perception and Attitudes toward COVID Vaccine’s Side Effect among the Philippines and Malaysians (Preprint)

Author

Marzo, Roy Rillera, primary, Ung, Mengieng, additional, Villela, Edlaine Faria de Moura, additional, Chauhan, Shekhar, additional, Kaggwa, Mark Mohan, additional, Aljuaid, Mohammed, additional, Head, Michael, additional, Al Rahbeni, Tahani, additional, AL-Mugheed, Khalid, additional, and Su, Tin Tin, additional

Published
2023
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46. Health service needs and perspectives of a rainforest conserving community in Papua New Guinea’s Ramu lowlands: a combined clinical and rapid anthropological assessment with parallel treatment of urgent cases

Author

Middleton, Jo, primary, Colthart, Gavin, additional, Dem, Francesca, additional, Elkins, Alice, additional, Fairhead, James, additional, Hazell, Richard J, additional, Head, Michael G, additional, Inacio, Joao, additional, Jimbudo, Mavis, additional, Jones, Christopher Iain, additional, Laman, Moses, additional, MacGregor, Hayley, additional, Novotny, Vojtech, additional, Peck, Mika, additional, Philip, Jonah, additional, Paliau, Jason, additional, Pomat, William, additional, Stockdale, Jessica A, additional, Sui, Shen, additional, Stewart, Alan J, additional, Umari, Ruma, additional, Walker, Stephen L, additional, and Cassell, Jackie A, additional

Published
2023
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