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4. The Plates

Author

Borradaile, G. J., Kehlenbeck, M. M., Friedman, M., Higgs, N. G., Morritt, R. F. C., Powell, C. McA., Vernon, R. H., Watkinson, A. J., Bayly, B. M., Mancktelow, N. S., Davies, W., Lincoln, B. Z., Means, W. D., McClay, K. R., Russell-Head, D. S., Wilson, C. J. L., Williams, V. A., Pfiffner, O. A., Steuer, M. R., Cosgrove, J. W., Bradbury, H. J., Harris, A. L., Gray, D. R., Holcombe, R. J., Martin, D., Puppolo, D., Weber, K., Knipe, R. J., White, S. H., Granath, J. W., Gardner, D. A. C., Solé-Sugrañes, L., Maxwell, J. C., Spang, J. H., Oldershaw, A. E., Ghent, E. D., Stout, M. Z., Alvarez, W., Engelder, T., Sansone, S. A., Hancock, P. L., Crook, K. A. W., Dennis, J. G., Wright, T. O., Gill, G., Platt, L. B., Mimran, Y., De Boer, R. B., Nagtegaal, P. J. C., Wright, E. K., Cook, D., Boulter, C. A., Durney, D. W., Seymour, D. B., Beach, A., Ahmad, R., Lebedeva, N. B., Williams, P. R., Williams, P. F., Nickelsen, R. P., Gregg, W. J., Cox, S. F., Etheridge, M. A., Burger, H. R., Bishop, D. G., Kennedy, M. C., Breaks, F. W., Bond, W. D., Finley, S., Bouchez, J.-L., Wenk, H. R., Ainsworth, J., Cclay, K. R., Boudier, F., Nicolas, A., Talbot, C. J., Twombly, G., Wardlaw, N. C., Hudleston, P. J., Kissin, S. A., Heard, H. C., Conaghan, P. J., Maltman, A. J., Bell, T. H., Rubenach, M. J., Moench, R. H., Bates, D. E. B., Poulsen, K. H., Jackson, P. A., Hughes, K. C., Glen, R. A., Burchfiel, B. C., Roberts, D., Simon, R. I., Borradaile, Graham J., editor, Bayly, M. Brian, editor, and Powell, Chris McA., editor

Published
1982
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5. Modelling of inactivation of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores exposed to superheated steam.

Author

Head, D. S. and Cenkowski, S.

Subjects
*REGRESSION analysis, *PLANT spores, *PLANT reproduction, *EXINE, *TEMPERATURE, *THERMAL properties
Abstract

Spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus at two inoculum levels [3 and 6 log colony forming units per gram (cfu/g)] were challenged with superheated steam (SS) at a velocity of 0.35 m/s and temperatures of 130, 145, 160, and 175°C. A tendency of tailing was observed in the survivor curves [plots of survival ratio, log (N/No), against processing time] as a monotonic upward concavity. Therefore, non-linear regression models, the Weibull and Kamau models, instead of the traditional first-order kinetics model were used to describe the survivor curves. The Weibull model was successfully fitted to all survivor curves obtained in this study, whereas the Kamaumodel agreed only for some. A high correlation between the predicted and observed values of spore survival ratio were obtained for the SS treatment in the range of 145-175°C at both inoculum levels, and for SS treatment at 130°C at low inoculum level. The Weibull model was expanded by describing its parameters (α, β) as a function of SS temperature for the range of 130-175°C. This allowed accurate predictions of the spore survival ratio based on the SS temperature and processing time only (with the exception of predictions for spores at high inoculum level challenged with SS at 130°C). Hence, the Weibull model is recommended for describing and modelling of inactivation of G. stearothermophilus spores in SS at higher temperatures (145-175°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

10. The analysis of quartz c-axis fabrics using a modified optical microscope

Author

Christopher J.L. Wilson, Giulio Viola, Karsten Kunze, David S. Russell-Head, Wilson, C. J. L, Russell Head, D. S., Kunze, K., and Viola, Giulio

Subjects
Polarized light, Histology, Materials science, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), Scanning electron microscope, Instrumentation, Texture goniometry, Optical microscopy, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, law.invention, Orientation distribution, Electron backscatter diffraction, Optics, Optical microscope, law, Goniometer, Grain boundary, Texture (crystalline), business, Microstructure
Abstract

A new fully automated microfabric analyzer (MiFA) is described that can be used for the fast collection of high-resolution spatial c-axis orientation data from a set of digital polarized light images. At the onset of an analysis the user is presented with an axial-distribution diagram (AVA - 'Achsenverteilungsanalyse') of a thin section. It is then a simple matter to build-up c-axis pole figures from selected areas of interest. The c-axis inclination and colatitudes at any pixel site is immediately available to create bulk fabric diagrams or to select measurements in individual areas. The system supports both the interactive selection of c-axis measurement sites and grid array selection. A verification process allows the operator to exclude dubious measurements due to impurities, grain boundaries or bubbles. We present a comparison of bulk and individual c-axis MiFA measurements to pole figures measured with an X-ray texture goniometer and to data collected from a scanning electron microscope furnished with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) facility. A second sample, an experimentally deformed quartzite, illustrates that crystal orientations can be precisely linked to any location within an individual grain. © 2007 The Authors.

Published
2007

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