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In this study, twenty-one species of the nominotypical subgenus Tiphia Fabricius from China are described and illustrated in detail, including three new species and ten new records as follows: Tiphia (Tiphia) flavobrunnea sp. nov., T. (T.) longistria sp. nov., T. (T.) mediocarinata sp. nov., T. (T.) aurata Allen, 1975, T. (T.) borneana Cameron, 1907, T. (T.) dayi Krombein, 1982, T. (T.) dutti Allen, 1975, T. (T.) incisa Cameron, 1897, T. (T.) lawrencei Allen, 1975, T. (T.) pulchaukiae Allen, 1975, T. (T.) s-secunda Allen, 1975, T. (T.) toreuta Boni Bartalucci, 2010 and T. (T.) weismani Krombein, 1982. In addition, the females of four species are firstly described, namely T. (T.) chihpenchia Tsuneki, 1986a, T. (T.) cilicincta Allen & Jaynes, 1930, T. (T.) mongolica Tsuneki, 1986b, and T. (T.) wuyiana Chen & Yang, 2003. And the males of four following species are also firstly described: T. (T.) choui Chen & Yang, 1991, T. (T.) nervidirecta Allen & Jaynes, 1930, T. (T.) pigmentata Allen & Jaynes 1930, and T. (T.) taiwana Ishikawa, 1967. Based on our collections and relevant references, a key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Tiphia is firstly compiled.

This study aims to explore the anti-asthma components and mechanism of Kechuanting acupoint application therapy(KAAT) based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. A total of 60 asthma patients who had used low-dose inhaled corticosteroids-formoterol(ICS-formoterol) for a long time were randomized into the western medicine group(low-dose ICS-formoterol) and western medicine+Kechuanting group(KAAT+low-dose ICS-Formoterol), 30 in either group. In addition, 30 healthy people were included as the control(no intervention). The asthma control test(ACT) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), and peak expiratory flow(PEF) were measured in the western medicine group and western medicine+Kechuanting group before and after treatment. The potential biomarkers of KAAT in the treatment of asthma were screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis, and the related metabolic pathways were further analyzed. UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, together with network pharmacology, was employed to construct the component-target-pathway network. Thereby, the effective components and me-chanism of KAAT in the treatment of asthma were clarified. According to the ACT score, FEV1, and PEF, KAAT was effective in the treatment of asthma. A total of 10 endogenous biomarkers of KAAT in the treatment of asthma were screened by serum metabolomics, and the pathways of the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, and the metabolism of glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid were obtained. UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS identified 51 chemical components of KAAT: 24 flavonoids, 11 alkaloids, 8 phenols, 2 diterpenoids, 2 triterpenoids, 2 glycosides, and 2 aldehydes. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that KAAT mainly acted on serum crea-tinine(SRC), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), and other target proteins. The treatment was closely related to metabolic pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3 K-Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), and calcium signaling pathway. Sinapine thiocyanate, corydaline, dihydroberberine, stylopine, leonticine, N-methyl tetrahydroberberine, kaempferide, erio-dictyol, quercetin, catechin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, ingenol, and luteolin may be potential effective compounds of KAAT in the treatment of asthma. This study preliminarily revealed that the effective components and mechanism of KAAT in treatment of asthma based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. It lays a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the mechanism and clinical development and application.

Groundwater is an important water source in the central Guohe River basin but pollution and water quality deterioration present a significant challenge. Here, 80 groups of groundwater samples were collected between June and September 2019 including 61 groups of shallow groundwater samples, 9 groups of middle groundwater samples, and 10 groups of deep groundwater samples. The hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of groundwater at these different depths were analyzed using statiatical techniques, Piper triangular diagrams, Gibbs figures, and ion ratios. The following results were noted:① Groundwater is weakly alkaline overall, and the dominant anion and cation at different depths were HCO

In this paper, we explore the geometric structures of the H∞ central controllers for descriptor systems based on the notions of deflating subspaces for singular matrix pencil. A reduced order H∞ controller is given based on the geometric structures addressed in this paper. The geometric connection between the plant and the H∞ controllers is then studied. A numerical example is provided. In terms of the notions of deflating subspaces, all the results and proofs given are clear and simple.

BACKGROUND In this study we investigated changes in the status of antibiotic use in Tianjin since the implementation of the Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) (2011-2013), as well as existing problems, strategies, and outcomes to promote rational clinical antibiotic use. MATERIAL AND METHODS A quasi-experimental study was performed to investigate situations of antibiotic use in secondary and tertiary general hospitals in Tianjin from April 2011 to 2013. Five major indicators were analyzed: percentage of antibiotic use in inpatient cases (%), antibacterial use density (AUD), proportion of prophylactic antibiotic application for type I surgical incision, compliance rate of medication administration 0.5-2.0 h before such procedures, and antibiotic prophylaxis for ≤24 h in patients receiving these surgeries. RESULTS There was a decrease in the percentage of antibiotic use across general hospitals (60.38% to 46.88%), in AUD (51.60% to 35.37%), and in the proportion of prophylactic antibiotic applications for type I incisions (86.67% to 25.08%). For patients undergoing these procedures, there was an increased compliance rate of medication administration of 0.5-2.0 h prior to surgery (86.38% to 100%), and of antibiotic prophylactic use for ≤24 h (40.30% to 96.37%). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of the ASP campaign has reduced irrational antibiotic use, promoted rational antibiotic use, and delayed antibiotic resistance.

Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease involving the Th1/Th2 cell imbalance in the peripheral blood. Repeated herbal acupoint sticking (RHAS) has been used for hundreds of years in China to relieve the recurrence of allergic asthma, and it is still practiced today. Thus, we explored the effect on allergic asthma relapse and the underlying immunoregulatory mechanism in this study. Here, we enrolled 50 allergic asthma participants, and 38 of them completed the treatment and follow-up (the allergic asthma group). In addition, 13 healthy participants (the control group) were enrolled. The recurrence number of allergic asthma participants and asthma control test (ACT) were used to evaluate the effect of treatment on relieving allergic asthma recurrence. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the levels of Th1 and Th2 cells in the peripheral blood. The serum levels of IgE, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. (1) In the allergic asthma group, compared to before the first treatment, the recurrence number of allergic asthma participants decreased and the ACT score increased at end of the last treatment, 18 and 30 weeks of the trial (P<0.05). At 18 and 30 weeks of the trial, the recurrence number of allergic asthma participants was less and the ACT score was higher than the ones from the same period last year in the allergic asthma group (P<0.05). Compared to before the first treatment, the percentage of Th1 cell did not change significantly, the percentage of Th2 cell decreased, and the Th1/Th2 cell ratio increased in the allergic asthma group by the end of the last treatment (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the release of IgE and IL-4 reduced (P<0.05), and the release of IFN-γ did not significantly change in the allergic asthma group. (2) Compared with the control group, the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 and the percentage of Th2 cell were higher, and the Th1/Th2 cell ratio was lower in the allergic asthma group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Th1 cell and IFN-γ before the first treatment. (3) Compared with the control group, the IgE levels and the percentage of Th2 cell were higher in the allergic asthma group (P<0.01). Simultaneously, there was no significant difference between Th1 cell, the Th1/Th2 cell ratio, and the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 by the end of the last treatment. The data suggested that RHAS reduced the amount of Th2 cell and elevated the Th1/Th2 cell ratio, thereby alleviating the inflammatory responses in the allergic asthma participants.

In this paper, a new integer ambiguity resolution method for single-frequency PPP is proposed. In contrast to RTK method, a slightly perturbed integer value may incur large positioning error. To use carrier phase observations for positioning in PPP, it is necessary that the integer cycle is accurately fixed in order to have a highly precise location estimation. For these reasons, we proposed a new method to estimate the integer ambiguity. Firstly, SVD method is used to smooth the raw data, in which the code phase and carrier phase observations are both used. In this smooth process, some noise in the observations can be eliminated so that range of ambiguity search space is greatly reduced. We then estimate the floating point solution by using WLS method. Furthermore, in order to have more accurate integers, we proposed a modified LMS algorithm using a new cost function different from the existing method. From the results of the experiment, one can see that both sub-meters precision and accuracy are achievable using the proposed method.

To observe the effect of acupoint application on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1/Smad 3 signaling pathway, so as to reveal its mechanism underlying improvement of airway remodeling in chronic asthma mice.BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,sham acupoint application group (sham group),acupoint application group, and dexamethasone group (Compared with the normal group, the airway resistance, the total bronchial wall area (WAt)/lumen perimeter (Pi), the smooth muscle wall area (WAm)/Pi, and the expression of TGF-β 1 and Smad 3 in the lung tissues were significantly higher in the model and sham groups (Acupoint application can improve airway remodeling by down-regulating the expression of TGF-β 1/Smad 3 in the airway of chronic asthmatic mice.

Auricular pruritus coexisted with multiple cranial nerve lesions in Ramsay Hunt syndrome has been rarely reported in the literature especially its treatment. However, auricular pruritus cannot be better improved along with the improvement of multiple cranial nerve lesions. We tried to solve the problem with acupuncture and got experience from it. The following 2 cases of Ramsay Hunt syndrome show a potential modality for the treatment of auricular pruritus with acupuncture.

A new coarse-time Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning algorithm based on the use of Doppler and code-phase measurements is proposed and described. The proposed method was demonstrated to be essential for reducing the time to first fix and the power consumption in a GPS receiver. Only 1 ms of data is required to obtain a positioning fix with accuracy comparable to that of the traditional GPS navigation algorithm. The algorithm is divided into two parts. In the first part, the Doppler measurement of the GPS signal is used to determine the coarse user position. With proper constraints, the required time accuracy for the Doppler measurements can be relaxed to be as long as 12 h. In the second part of the algorithm, the accurate user position is calculated by means of the 1 ms code-phase data. The traditional tracking process is no longer necessary in the proposed algorithm. Using the acquired 1-ms code-phase measurement, the positioning accuracy was determined to be approximately a few tens of meters in our experimental results. However, if the data length is extended to 10 ms, the positioning accuracy can be improved to within 10---20 m, which is similar to that of the traditional GPS positioning method. Various experiments were conducted to verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.

In this paper, the problem of GPS non-line-of-sight (NLOS) positioning in urban canyon environment is considered. We propose a new position-determination estimator based on the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) that is able to estimate and eliminate the path-delay error caused by the indirect transmission of the GPS signal. The estimator takes into account the measurement bias resulting from NLOS transmission, and in the mean-time also improves the location accuracy of a satellite positioning system. The present method can effectively eliminate the NLOS delay errors and is also able to improve the location accuracy of a satellite navigation receiver in an urban canyon environment. A Wilcoxon-norm-based regressor is further derived to improve the probability of detection of the NLOS biases. The Wilcoxon regressor is a robust estimator that is well suitable for identifying outliers (in our case, the NLOS biases) during the regression process. In our experimental results, it is demonstrated that the proposed estimator can compute the coordinate of a user location in an accurate fashion after identifying and removing the measurement biases.

In this paper, we propose a novel method to generate pseudo-random-noise (PRN) bits for navigation applications. In the present method, the code sequence generator is constructed based on two chaotic logistic maps running parallel and starting from independent initial conditions. The logistic map is a simple mathematical model that shows bewildering complex behavior. By appro-priately setting the initial conditions, the PRN sequence is then generated by comparing the outputs of both logistic maps. Several simulations are set up to verify the correlation properties of the pseudo-random bit generator (PRBG). The result shows that the code sequences generated by the proposed PRBG have great auto- and cross-correlation properties, which are very similar to the PRN sequences used by GPS navigation system. The RPBG sequences are therefore suitable for signal ranging that is used comprehensively in the navigation system. On the other hand, the chaotic nature of the proposed PRBG codes can provide more secure communication than the traditional PRN sequences. The proposed PRN sequences are well suitable to be incorporated with the so-called chaotic shift keying (CSK) modulation.

In recent years, the proportion of nuclear power use in China has gradually risen; however, of the numerous nuclear power plant accidents warn us to consider aspects related to the relief provided at the scene of the accident. Therefore, the development of an emergency rescue robot for the nuclear power plant becomes the necessity of the hour in addition to being a world-level problem in the field of international nuclear disaster relief. At the accident scene, due to the unexpected situation that may exist, the emergency rescue robot may be hampered during its motion. Considering this situation, this article discusses the situation wherein a quadruped robot achieves the lateral balance recovery while moving on rough terrains. Therefore, we propose a flywheel pendulum model and the capture point theory to derive relevant equations. Finally, in the simulation, we exert a lateral force on our quadruped robot, the performance of which will prove our methodology’s validity.

To evaluate the effect and the benefits of the projects of water storage and aquaculture on Oncomelania hupensis snail control in the tidal flats wetlands of islet-beach type area of lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The projects of water storage and aquaculture on 0. hupensis snail control were implemented in the tidal flats wetlands of islet-beach type of lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The breed situation of the snails was investigated by the conventional method before and after the project implementation and the effect of control and elimination of the snails by the projects were evaluated. At the same time, the cost-benefit analysis of two projects among them was performed by the static benefit-cost ratio method.All of 0. hupensis snails were eliminated in the first year after the implementation of seven water storage and aquaculture projects. The costs of detection and control of snails saved by each project was 69.20 thousand yuan a year on average. The annual net benefits of the "Nanhao Group 10 beach" project and "Wutao Group 6-14 beach" project were 2 039.40 thousand yuan and 955.00 thousand yuan respectively, and the annual net benefit-cost ratios were 1.09: 1 and 1.07: 1 respectively.The O. hupensis snails could be rapidly eliminated by the water storage and aquaculture, and the economic benefit is obvious, but the wetland ecological protection and flood control safety should be considered in the tidal flats wetlands of islet-beach type area of lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

To evaluate the effectiveness of mid- and long-term schistosomiasis control plan and explore the consolidation strategy in marshland endemic regions, so as to provide an effective approach for interrupting and eliminating schistosomiasis in the regions.A prospective field study was designed. Dantu District of Zhenjiang City, a marshland schistosomiasis endemic region, was selected, and the "key village, key environment, and key water regions" comprehensive control strategy was implemented according to the endemic level of schistosomiasis. The morbidity due to schistosomiasis in humans and domestic animals, and Oncomelania hupensis snails were surveyed, and the data of the implementation of control measures were collected. The schistosomiasis morbidity and snail status were compared before and after the implementation of the mid- and long-term plan for schistosomiasis prevention and control, and the changing trends of human, domestic animal and snail infections were plotted.During the implementation of the plan from 2005 to 2014, 16.84 km concrete and bank protection and 9 snail sinks were built, 10 culverts re-built, 3.85 hm2 fences were constructed, 29.5 thousand domestic animals were examined and treated, 170 cattle were eliminated, 4930 hm2 fishing farms were built for snail control, 1 560.00 hM2 land were improved, and 376.00 hm2 forests were built for snail control. In addition, 19,364.80 hm2 snail areas were surveyed, 4694.6 hm2 area received molluscicide, 207.9 thousand of people (person-times) received the examination and treatment, 69.1 thousand of harmless toilets were built, 282.2 thousand health education materials and protection materials were allocated, 958 warning signs were established, and 5435 slogans were pasted or hung. After the implementation of the mid- and long-term plan, the percentages of human, bovine and snail infections appeared decline tendencies year by year, and reduced from 0.08%, 1.28% and 0.13% in 2005 to 0 in 2014, respectively, while the areas with snails and infected snails reduced from 284.34 hm2 and 55.10 hm2 in 2005 to 73.60 hm2 and 0 hm2 in 2014, with reduction rates of 74.12% and 100%, respectively. The infection rate of sheep appeared a fluctuation between 2005 and 2014, with the rate of 1.13% in 2005, 0 in 2007 and 2008, rising in 2009 and then between 0.25% and 0.95% from 2009 to 2012, and reducing to 0 in 2013 and 2014. During the 10-year period, the number of cattle reduced year by year from 2005 to 2010, and slightly increased after 2011, showing an overall stable level, while the number of sheep increased year by year after 2006, peaked in 2010, and appeared a decline tendency since 2011, which was almost consistent with the fluctuation of schistosome infection rate in sheep.The sustainable comprehensive control strategy with the "key village, key environments, and key water regions" is an effective approach for schistosomiasis control in marshland endemic regions. However, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis is extremely easy to repeat. The prevention and control of the impact of sheep and wild animals on schistosomiasis transmission should be strengthened in order to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements gained.

This note presents an explicit solution to the problem of disturbance attenuation with internal stability for discrete-time nonlinear descriptor systems. Both the static-state feedback and dynamic output feedback cases are considered. In particular, we characterize a family of Hinfin controllers solving the problem locally around a neighborhood of the origin. To do this, we first derive two stability criteria for discrete-time nonlinear descriptor systems, and then, a version of a bounded real lemma is also developed based on the concepts of dissipation inequality and differential game. After that, the results are used to derive the Hinfin control theory for nonlinear discrete-time descriptor systems. The approach taken is mainly algebraic, and hence is simple and clear.

Under some rank condition, a new version of bounded real lemma, which is expressed in terms of an admissible solution of a generalized discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation (GDARE) rather than inequality, is presented for linear discrete-time descriptor systems. When a linear discrete-time descriptor system is admissible, with the H∞-norm of its transfer matrix less than a prescribed positive number γ, a constructive procedure is also given to obtain an admissible solution of the above-mentioned GDARE.

To observe the effect of acupuncture combined physical training and relearning on stroke patients.A multi-center, randomized controlled trial design was adopted. A total of 364 stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (184 cases) and the control group (180 cases). Patients in the experimental group received acupuncture combined with physical training and relearning, while those in the control group only received physical training and relearning. All received four weeks of treatment. Effects on Fugl-Meyer motor function, neurological impairment, activities of daily living difference were compared before treatment, after treatment, 2 and 5 months after follow-ups between the two groups.Totally 353 patients completed this trial, 179 in the experimental group and 174 in the control group. (1) compared with before treatment, brief Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scored obviously increased, and scores for neurological impairment obviously decreased in the two group. Besides, the increment of brief Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scores was obviously higher in the experimental group than in the control group at month 2 and 5 of follow-ups; scores for neurological impairment was obviously lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The increment of FIM scores was obviously higher in the experimental group than in the control group at month 5 of follow-ups (P0.05, P0.01). (2) There was statistical difference in inter-group comparison of total Fugl-Meyer motor functions scores and FIM scores, or scores for neurological impairment (P0.01). The improvement of Fugl-Meyer motor functions grading and neurological impairment grading was obviously superior in the experimental group at month 2 and 5 of follow-ups. The distribution of FIM grading was also better in the experimental group at month 5 of follow-ups (P0.05, P0. 01).Both acupuncture combined exercise training and relearning and physical training and relearning could effectively promote the rehabilitation of stroke patients, reduce their neurological impairment degrees, improve motor functions and independent capacities. Better long-term efficacy could be obtained by acupuncture combined exercise training and relearning.

The present study examined 66 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), 20 cases of smooth muscle tumors, 20 cases of schwannomas and 20 cases of normal gastric tissues in order to analyze the expression of L1, cluster of differentiation (CD)24 and integrin β1 by immunohistochemical staining. Patients were subjected to follow-up, and survival data were evaluated. L1 expression was detected in 57.6% of GIST cases; this was a significantly higher percentage compared with that found in the smooth muscle tumor cases or the normal control group. CD24 and integrin β1 were also expressed at significantly higher levels in the GIST cases than in the normal control group, although no significant difference was found in the expression levels of these proteins in smooth muscle tumor or schwannoma cases. These higher levels of L1 and integrin β1 expression were associated with an increased risk of invasive GIST, and were significantly positively correlated with Ki-67 expression. CD24 expression was not associated with the risk of GIST invasion or Ki-67 expression. There were positive correlations between L1, CD24 and integrin β1 expression; however, these had no significant association with patient survival. Therefore, L1 alone or in conjunction with CD24 (L1 + CD24), or integrin β1 (L1 + integrin β1) can be considered a valuable indicator for the differential diagnosis of GIST. Furthermore, L1 and integrin β1 can be used alone or in combination to evaluate the biological behavior of GISTs. Future studies are required to evaluate the prognostic value of these markers.

State‐space formulas for reduced‐order H ∞ controllers for descriptor systems are given. The approach taken is mainly based on the solutions of two generalized algebraic Riccati equations (GARE), while exploiting the structure of the deflating subspace of the pencil {E, W ∞}, where W ∞ is an admissible solution to a GARE that is the descriptor systems counterpart of a certain ARE (algebraic Riccati equation) first developed by Petersen et al. (1991). This approach has the advantage that, by proper selection of the bases of the deflating space and suitable assumptions, the reduced‐order controller may be in a normal form, namely the E‐matrix of the controller is nonsingular.

In this paper, I present a method to determine and predict precisely the GPS satellite orbit by using a neural network. The neural network used in this paper is based on the BP (backpropagation) learning algorithm. The BP algorithm is particularly attractive because it is H ∞ optimal. It is a robust algorithm in the sense that small disturbances and modeling errors lead to small estimation errors (For a non‐robust algorithm, such as the classical maximum likelihood and least square methods, it is possible that small disturbances and modeling errors may result in large estimation errors). This is certainly the case for the estimation of the GPS satellite orbit because the satellite orbital model usually contains small disturbances and perturbations that are difficult to model. Currently, the simulation result shows that we can use the well‐trained network to predict about six days’ data and the orbital will can be within a meter. The result is compared with the classical polynomial interpolation m...

In this paper, we present the development of a local area differential GPS testbed of the ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) as the future airport navigation facility in the Taipei Flight Information Region (FIR) in Taiwan. The testbed is mainly a GBAS ground facility, which consists of a ground station, three GBAS receivers, and a VDL (VHF data link) broadcast antenna. We also present an airborne GPS/GBAS prototype receiver in this paper. The airborne subsystem (a GPS/GBAS receiver) receives the correction messages from the ground subsystem to perform a differential GPS (DGPS) positioning. In order to provide an ILS-look-alike approach and landing, the output messages of the airborne receiver are packed in an ARINC 429 format. The proposed airborne system has a software-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver structure.

In this paper, we study the H/sub /spl infin// control problem for nonlinear descriptor systems governed by a set of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) of the form Ex/spl dot/ = F(x, w, u), z = Z(x, w, u), y = Y(x, w, u), where E is, in general, a singular matrix. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a controller solving the problem. We first give various sufficient conditions for the solvability of H/sub /spl infin// control problem for DAEs. Both state-feedback and output-feedback cases are considered. Then, necessary conditions for the output feedback control problem to be solvable are obtained in terms of two Hamilton-Jacobi inequalities plus a weak coupling condition. Moreover, a parameterization of a family of output feedback controllers solving the problem is also provided.

In this paper, some useful properties of generalized algebraic Riccati equations and generalized positive real lemma for descriptor systems are given. Based on these results, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the positive real (PR) control problem for descriptor systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the solution to this problem expressed in terms of two generalized algebraic Riccati equations which may be considered to be generalizations of the Riccati equations obtained by Sun et al. (1994). When these conditions hold, state space formulae for all controllers solving the problem are also given.

The H/sub /spl infin// control problem for uncertain descriptor systems with time-invariant nonbound uncertainty in the state matrix is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for robust H/sub /spl infin// control of descriptor systems by state feedback and dynamic output feedback are derived. The design results are expressed in terms of generalised algebraic Riccati inequalities, which may be considered an extension of results given in recent literature. Explicit formulae for controllers which solve the corresponding problems are provided. The generalised algebraic Riccati inequalities approach used is based on a version of the bounded real lemma for descriptor systems, thus making the given proofs simpler.

The purpose of this paper is to give a necessary and sufficient condition under which for a given plant of descriptor system model there exists a normal, internally stabilizing controller that has an upper limit on its order and that satisfies a closed-loop H/sub /spl infin// norm bound. The approach used in this paper is based on a generalized version of bounded real lemma, thus the proofs are simple.

In GPS positioning, the user position is derived by the pseudo-range measurements and the user-satellite geometric matrix. When the satellite constellation changed, either gaining or losing satellites, it may cause the user position biases. The instantaneous biases in position solution are not desirable in some applications. An algorithm called position bias filter has been proposed to solve the problem. Also, a modified algorithm is designed to reduce the computation burden of original algorithm by a recursive method. In this paper, we propose a closed-form algorithm for eliminating the user position biases. The algorithm remains the low computation in a few satellites change (less than four) of satellite constellation without recursive calculation.

In this thesis, we use dual quaternion to solve relative orientation, which replaces the traditional way of coplanarity condition and least square solution. Through proposing Linearized Iteration Method, we use only one camera to deal with this problem. Through use of dual quaternion, we find the relative orientation by comparing the projection of lines respect to 2-D Camera systems.

In the simulation of space vehicles, we often encounter the trajectory prescribed path control (TPPC) problems. That is, we usually append a set of path constraints to the equations of motion for describing the shape of the trajectory. To describe the TPPC problem, the concept of the differential-algebraic equation (DAE) system is usually adopted. In this paper, the optimal guidance law for aircraft dynamics is derived based on a DAE approach. We will reformulate the problem as a Hamiltonian DAE system. After establishing the system of aircraft dynamics, we can derive the optimal guidance law of the system by numerical method. The numerical method is mainly based on the backward differential formulas (BDF).