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Climate zones are expected to shift in response to climate change, which significantly influences vegetation distribution and provides essential guidance for human activities including production, lifestyle and economic development. Quantifying the shifts in climate zones due to global warming is therefore crucial. The primary metric for categorizing climate zones is the number of days with a daily mean temperature above 10°C (DT10). Utilizing DT10 and the ERA5 reanalysis data, it is observed that climate zones in China have gradually shifted northward over the past 65 years. Notably, the interdecadal changes in the climate zones differ between the eastern and western regions divided by the 110°E longitude. The western regions show minimal shifts, whereas the eastern regions, particularly the central and southern parts of Northeast China, exhibit obvious northward shifts. Consequently, the simulation capabilities of 41 CMIP6 models for Chinese climate zones were assessed, and it was found that 11 models demonstrated robust performance. These models were further used to analyse interdecadal variations and project future shifts in climate zones in China. The results show that the spatial pattern of climate zones in China can be well captured by the CMIP6 models, except for ACCESS‐CM2, FGOALS‐g3 and GFDL‐CM4. Each CMIP6 model seems to be more suitable for specific climatic zones concerning trends and decadal variations in China. By 2100, a northward shift is projected for all climate zones in the east of 110°E under SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 emission scenarios, particularly in northern China. It should be noted that the potential disappearance of the northern subtropical belt, likely to be replaced by the middle subtropical belt in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinibarbus sinensis, also known as Qingbo, is an important economic fish in China. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its growth are still unknown. To excavate the genes and signaling pathways related to its growth, we compared the transcriptome profiles of the hepatopancreas tissues of S. sinensis, with two groups of growth rate for evaluation. An average of 66,304,909 and 68,739,585 clean reads were obtained in the fast growth (FG) and slow growth (SG) group, respectively. The differential gene expression analysis results showed that 272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the FG and SG groups, including 101 up-regulated genes and 171 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis results showed that GO terms related to metabolic process, organic substance metabolic process, and catalytic activity were enriched, pathway signals related to steroid biosynthesis and protein digestion and absorption were also detected. Meanwhile, the potential key regulatory genes sst2, fndc4, and cckra related to the growth of S. sinensis were screened. Reverse transcript fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation of 18 DEGs associated with growth differences showed that the RT-qPCR results were consistent with RNA-seq analysis, and nine genes, stk31, gpr149, angptl1, fstl1, sik1, ror2, nlrc3, pdlim2, and nav2 were significantly expressed in the FG group. bmp1, stc1, gpatch8, sstrt2, s100a1, ktf6, cckar6, sync1, bhlha15, a total of nine genes were significantly expressed in the SG group. This study provides basic information for improving the growth characteristics of S. sinensis and the functional research of candidate genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the fish diversity in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Chongqing, environmental DNA (eDNA) technology was used to analyze the fish diversity during a one-year water body sampling period from April 2021 to January 2022. The results showed that a total of 82 fish species (including Oreochromis, which was not identified to species level). 7 orders and 19 families and 63 genera were detected in the Jiangbei Section of the upper Yangtze River in Chongqing including 5 species of national key protected animals, 8 species of endemic animals in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and 8 exotic species. The number of fish species showed a seasonal trend of autumn > winter > summer > spring, among which Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Hemiculter tchangi and Ctenopharyngodon idella were all detected in the four seasons and had high sequence abundance. The Chao1 and ACE indices differed significantly between seasons (P<0.05) and the alpha diversity index in winter was higher than the three other seasons. The PCoA results showed that the heterogeneity between spring and summer samples was low and the species composition was similar, while the fish species composition in autumn and winter were significantly different and the heterogeneity was high. RDA analysis showed that water level, water flow and water temperature were the main factors affecting the seasonal distribution of the fish community. They were negatively correlated with water temperature and water flow, positively correlated with water level in spring and summer, and negatively correlated with water temperature and flow and positively correlated with water level in winter. Spearman's correlation test showed that water temperature was significantly negatively correlated with Shannon diversity, Chao1 index and ACE index (P<0.01); conductivity was negatively correlated with Coverage index (P<0.05), and water temperature, water flow was negatively correlated with Simp- son diversity (P<0.05). Overall, this study shows that eDNA technology can rapidly analyze fish species composition and distribution, and has great potential and importance in the monitoring fish resources in the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Ubiquitination is a fundamental mechanism regulating the stability of target proteins in eukaryotes; however, the regulatory mechanism in seed longevity remains unknown. Here, we report that an uncharacterized E3 ligase, ARABIDOPSIS TÓXICOS EN LEVADURA 5 (ATL5), positively regulates seed longevity by mediating the degradation of ACTIVATOR OF BASAL TRANSCRIPTION 1 (ABT1) in Arabidopsis.Seeds in which ATL5 was disrupted showed faster accelerated aging than the wild‐type, while expressing ATL5 in atl5‐2 basically restored the defective phenotype. ATL5 was highly expressed in the embryos of seeds, and its expression could be induced by accelerated aging.A yeast two‐hybrid screen identified ABT1 as an ATL5 interacting protein, which was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementary assay and co‐immunoprecipitation analysis. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that ATL5 functions as an E3 ligase and mediates the polyubiquitination and degradation of ABT1. Disruption of ATL5 diminished the degradation of translated ABT1, and the degradation could be induced by seed ageing and occurred in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Furthermore, disruption of ABT1 enhanced seed longevity.Taken together, our study reveals that ATL5 promotes the polyubiquitination and degradation of the ABT1 protein posttranslationally and positively regulates seed longevity in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]