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Phlebopus portentosus (Berk. & Broome) Boedijn, Sydowia 5(3–6): 218, 1951 (Figs. 4, 6) Description:— Basidiomata medium to very large. Pileus up to 18 cm diam, subhemispherical, convex, plano-convex to applanate; margin decurved, sometimes revolute when old; surface dry, nearly glabrous, yellowish brown (3B6), brown (4C7) to dark brown (4C8); context about 2 cm thick in the center of the pileus, light yellow, sometimes bluing when injured. Hymenophore poroid, depressed around apex of stipe; pores yellow (3A6), almost to round, yellowish brown (3B6), about 0.3 mm diam, unchanging in color when injured; tubes 1–1.5 cm in length, yellow (2A6), unchanging in color when injured. Stipe 8–10.5 × 2.5–4 cm, central, subcylindrical or subclavate, solid, base slightly enlarged; surface dry, nearly glabrous, brown (4C8) to brownish black (4E8); context light yellow (1A5), unchanging in color when injured; annulus absent; basal mycelium yellow (1A6). Odor indistinct. Basidia 18–30 × 10–14 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4-spored, colorless in KOH, yellow in Melzer’s reagent; sterigmata 4–5 μm long. Basidiospores [60/3/3] 6–9(–10) × (4.5–)5–7(–8) μm, Q = (1–)1.1–1.4(–1.5), Qm = 1.26 ± 0.11, broadly ellipsoid, slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), yellowish brown in KOH, yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent, smooth. Hymenophoral trama composed of thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.8 μm) hyphae, 3–10 μm wide, colorless to light yellow in KOH, yellow to brownish yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Cheilocystidia 13–27 × 4–10 μm, pyriform, subfusiform or fusiform, thin-walled, colorless to light yellow in KOH, yellow to brownish yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Pleurocystidia 15–28 × 7–13 μm, pyriform, subfusiform or fusiform, thin-walled, colorless to light yellow in KOH, yellow to brownish yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Pileipellis a trichoderm 130–200 μm wide, composed of thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm) hyphae, light yellow in KOH, yellow to brownish yellow in Melzer’s reagent, 3–9 μm in width; terminal cell 15–36 × 3–8 μm, clavate or subcylindrical, subfusiform or fusiform, with obtuse apex. Pileal trama made up of hyphae 3–14 μm in diam, slightly thick-walled (1 μm), colorless to light yellow in KOH, yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Stipitipellis a trichoderm-like structure 90–150 μm wide, composed of thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), 3–6 μm wide, light yellow in KOH, yellow to brownish yellow in Melzer’s reagent, emergent hyphae with subfusiform, fusiform or clavate terminal cells (15–31 × 3–6 μm). Stipe trama composed of cylindrical, colorless to light yellow in KOH, yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown, slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm), parallel hyphae 3–14 μm wide. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habitat:—Solitary or scattered under Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith or Ficus microcarpa L. f. Known distribution:—Southwestern and southern China; Sri Lanka (Pegler 1986), Thailand (Sanmee et al. 2003). Specimens examined:— CHINA. Hainan Province: Haikou City, Jinniuling Park, elev. 20 m, 22 May 2008, N. K . Zeng 22 (FHMU1); Wanning City, Xinglong Tropical Oark, elev. 115 m, 25 May 2013, N. K . Zeng 1186 (FHMU753); same location, 7 July 2013, N. K . Zeng 1248 (FHMU806); Haikou City, beside the roadway, elev. 15 m, 13 August 2019, N. K . Zeng 5041 (FHMU5934). Yunnan Province: Kunming City, bought in the market, 16 August 2016, N. K . Zeng 2779 (FHMU1768); Jinghong City, artificial cultivation, 4 February 2021, C . X. Zhang s.n. (FHMU5936, 5937, 5938). Notes:—Our specimens identified as P. portentosus are well characterized by a large fruitbody with a yellowish brown, brown, dark brown pileus, a brown, brownish black stipe, a light yellow context sometimes bluing when injured, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, terminal cells of pileipellis mostly subfusiform or fusiform, and a distribution in tropical Asia. The morphological features of the Chinese collections match well with those of P. portentosus from Sri Lanka (Pegler 1986), except that the cystidia were not observed by Pegler (1986) whereas they are common in the Chinese specimens (Fig. 6c, d). Morphologically, P. portentosus is very similar to P. roseus, a species originally described from Sichuang Province of southwestern China. However, P. roseus has a rose pink to reddish stipe, tubular hymenophore with nested angular pores of multiple sizes, and a distribution in subtropical China (Mei et al. 2020)., Published as part of Xie, Hui-Jing, Zhang, Chun-Xia, He, Ming-Xia, Liang, Zhi-Qun, Deng, Xiao-Hua & Zeng, Nian- Kai, 2021, Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus and Phlebopus portentosus, two non-ectomycorrhizal boletes from tropical China, pp. 137-154 in Phytotaxa 520 (2) on pages 147-149, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.520.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5508807, {"references":["Pegler, D. N. (1986) Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 12: 1 - 519.","Sanmee, R., Dell, B., Lumyong, P., Izumori, K. & Lumyong, S. (2003) Nutritive value of popular wild edible mushrooms from Northern Thailand. Food Chemistry 82: 527 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0308 - 8146 (02) 00595 - 2","Mei, Y., Liu, C. Y., Li, S. H., Guerin-Laguette, A., Xiao, Y. J., Tang, P., Wan, S. P., Bonito, G. & Wang, Y. (2020) Phlebopus roseus, a new edible bolete from China, is associated with insects and plants. Mycologia 113: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2020.1816781"]}

Xie, Hui-Jing, Zhang, Chun-Xia, He, Ming-Xia, Liang, Zhi-Qun, Deng, Xiao-Hua, Zeng, Nian- Kai (2021): Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus and Phlebopus portentosus, two non-ectomycorrhizal boletes from tropical China. Phytotaxa 520 (2): 137-154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.520.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.520.2.2

Since 2008, macroalgal blooms of Ulva prolifera (also called green tides) occurred every summer in the Yellow Sea (YS), causing environmental and economic problems. A number of studies have used satellite observations to estimate the severity of the blooms through estimating the bloom size and duration. However, a critical bloom parameter, namely biomass, has never been objectively determined due to lack of measurements. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to measure U. prolifera biomass (wet weight) per unit area and the corresponding spectral reflectance, through which a robust relationship has been established to link biomass per area to the reflectance-based floating algae index (FAI). The lab-based model has been validated with in situ measurements, with an estimated relative uncertainty of 99.5% of the algae-containing pixels in satellite images). The model was further transferred to MODIS Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (Rrc), where aerosol impacts on the model were simulated under various atmospheric conditions. The simulations showed an average of 6.5% (up to 12.3% for the extreme case) uncertainties in biomass estimates when MODIS Rrc data were used as the model inputs. The dry biomass per wet biomass and carbon and nitrogen contents per dry biomass were also determined through lab experiments, thus making their estimation possible from MODIS Rrc data. The model was then applied to time-series of MODIS observations over the YS between 2008 and 2015 to determine the inter-annual variability of these critical parameters. Results showed maximum daily biomass of > 1.7 million tons during June 2015 and minimum daily biomass of

This paper proposes a hybrid method based on the forward–backward method (FBM) and the reciprocity theorem (RT) for evaluating the scattering field from dielectric rough surface with a 2D target above it. Here, the equivalent electric/magnetic current densities on the rough surface as well as the scattering field from it are numerically calculated by FBM, and the scattered field from the isolated target is obtained utilizing the method of moments (MOM). Meanwhile, the rescattered coupling interactions between the target and the surface are evaluated employing the combination of FBM and RT. Our hybrid method is first validated by available MOM results. Then, the functional dependences of bistatic and monostatic scattering from the target above rough surface upon the target altitude, incident and scattering angles are numerically simulated and discussed. This study presents a numerical description for the scattering mechanism associated with rescattered coupling interactions between a target and an underlying randomly rough surface.

Collinear analysis technique is widely used for determining sea surface variability with Geosat altimeter data from its Exact Repeat Mission (ERM). But most of the researches have been only on global scale or in oceans deeper than 2000 m. In shallow shelf waters this method is hampered by the inaccuracy of ocean tide data supplied with Geosat Geophysical Data Records (GDRs). This work uses a modified collinear analysis technique characterized by simultaneous separation of mean sea level and ocean tide with the least squares method, to compute sea surface variability in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and eastern China Seas. The mean sea level map obtained contains not only bathymetric but also dynamic features such as amphidromes, indicating considerable improvement over previous works. Our sea surface variability maps show clearly the main current system, the well-known Zhejiang coastal upwelling, and a northern East China Sea meso-scale eddy in good agreement with satellite sea surface temperature (SST) observation and historical in situ measurement. These all suggest that meaningful and reliable oceanographic results can still be achieved in shallow shelf waters from Geosat altimetry as long as proper data processing techniques are applied.

Monitoring of the South- and East China Seas has been carried out for the period January to September 2005 with Envisat ASAR as the primary source of data. More than 130 Wide Swath scenes have been collected, showing a wide spectrum of oceanic features, such as current fronts, internal waves and wind generated surface waves, as well as rain cells, oil slicks, natural films and ships. Two software tools are here used to analyse the ASAR scenes: SARTool is a software developed for the analysis of SAR data for marine applications, and can be used to get quantitative estimates of wind and waves and to detect oil slicks and ships. The other tool used is the Radar Imaging Model (RIM), which couples a hydrodynamical model and a radar transfer model to calculate the radar backscatter that a SAR would measure for given wind speed and direction, surface current, surface film and, boundary layer stability, and radar geometry and wavelength. This paper shows some examples of applications of these two models to a selection of interesting ASAR scenes.

In this study, we illustrate the effective medium theories in the designs of three-dimensional composite metamaterials of both negative permittivity and negative permeability. The proposed metamaterial consists of random coated spheres with sizes smaller compared to the wavelength embedded in a dielectric host. Simple design rules and formulas following the effective medium models are numerically and analytically presented. We demonstrate that the revised Maxwell—Garnett effective medium theory enables us to design three-dimensional composite metamaterials through the assembly of coated spheres which are random and much smaller than the wavelength of the light. The proposed approach allows for the precise control of the permittivity and the permeability and guides a facile, flexible, and versatile way for the fabrication of composite metamaterials.