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Magnetically levitated (ML) systems that incorporate PCB coils represent a growing trend in precision machining, valued for their controllable current flow and high fill factor. The size of modern power devices is decreasing to enhance power density, minimize parasitic inductance, and reduce power losses. However, due to the high resistance of PCB coils, managing heat generation has become a significant area of study. This paper seeks to optimize PCB coil design to minimize power loss and control peak temperatures in ML systems, using a numerical model. An improved magnetic node model is employed to construct the magnetic fields of an ML system. The proposed optimization method considers the interdependencies among parameters to reduce overall power loss from coil resistance and switching losses in the H-bridge circuit, while enhancing heat dissipation efficiency in steady-state operation. A heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the design of the ML actuator. The optimization process initially focuses on the PCB coils, with the magnet size held constant. Once the optimal coil parameters are identified, the magnet volume is optimized. By integrating a theoretical analysis with simulation, this approach effectively addresses the optimization challenges and achieves the desired performance for the ML actuator. Coils and magnets are constructed based on the optimized design and tested by the magnetic field simulation software Radia, confirming the feasibility of the approach. The method was also applied to a different type of ML system for comparison, demonstrating the universality of the proposed strategy. In this optimization effort, the maximum temperature reduction reached an impressive 50 °C [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy transition in Central Asia faces multiple risks while lacking empirical assessment of renewable energy use from a sustainability perspective. This paper examined the relationship of renewable energy consumption with energy intensity and carbon intensity in Central Asia during 1993—2019, using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). Weighing the heterogeneity of countries in the region, the results showed that downstream countries build an inverted U‐shaped relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon intensity, while the whole region indicates an inverted U‐shaped relationship between renewable energy consumption and energy intensity. Compared with hydrocarbon, nonfossil energy is expected to serve as a greater driving force for economic growth in the future, alleviating socio‐economic dependence on fossil fuels in downstream countries and generating additional revenues to ensure energy security in upstream countries. The findings suggest policymakers to considerably mitigate the risks of decarbonization across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of pancreatic cancer is faced with great difficulties and challenges due to high lethality and metastasis. Synergism of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has been considered as ideal strategy to both eliminate primary tumors and control metastases. For the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated a local photothermal therapy (PTT) following administration of monoclonal antibody of programmed death ligand 1 (αPD-L1). Fe2P nanorods were employed as a Fenton agent and photothermal agent, which modified with DSPE-PEG2000-Mal for improved biocompatibility and Mal mediated-antigen presentation. Under a low dose laser irradiation at 980 nm, Fe2P-PEG-Mal nanorods (NRs) mediated PTT could induce immunogenic tumor cell death that can cause dendritic cells (DCs) infiltration and maturation. In a bilateral pancreatic tumor model, the local treatment of NRs-PTT on primary tumor could cause the increased infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and decreased residential of M2 macrophages in untreated distal tumors. Furthermore, subsequently intervened αPD-L1 could enhance cell death triggered by CTLs in distal tumors through reversing immunosuppression. An orthotopic pancreatic tumor model was used to further confirm the therapeutic outcome. Finally, the combination of NRs based PTT and αPD-L1 based immunotherapy was able to significantly eliminate orthotopic pancreatic tumors and reduce mesentery metastases. Thus, the strategy may provide a more effective treatment for pancreatic cancer.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 12 plays a detrimental role in cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) correlated the MMP12 rs660599 variant to IS risk in Europeans. However, this association is yet to be elucidated in the Chinese population. This study aims to assess the genetic predisposition of the MMP12 rs660599 G > A variant with regard to IS risk and short-term outcomes in individuals from Southern China. Methods: The Multiplex SNaPshot assay was used to genotype rs660599 in 1035 IS patients and 1061 age-matched healthy controls. Multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated the effect of the rs660599 G > A polymorphism on IS susceptibility and short-term outcomes. Results: No significant association was found between the rs660599 G > A polymorphism and IS risk, even in dominant and recessive models. However, a relationship between rs660599 genotypes and diabetic status revealed that carriers of the A allele and the GA/AA genotype were more likely to develop IS. The presence of diabetes exacerbated the larger infarct volumes and elevated serum MMP12 levels seen in IS patients with the rs660599 A allele. The A allele of rs660599 and the GA/AA genotype were both correlated to moderate and severe stroke with poor short-term outcomes. Conclusion: The MMP12 rs660599 polymorphism is associated with a higher incidence of IS in people with diabetes and can serve as a biomarker for assessing the severity of IS and its short-term consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The additive manufacturing of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) paves way for the high‐strength, light‐weight components for variety of load‐bearing applications. In this work, the continuous carbon fiber reinforced PA6 (CCF‐PA6) composites was successfully printed from the prepreg filament. The prepreg filament was prepared in‐house by impregnating the heat‐and‐acid treated 1 K carbon fiber bundle with the molten PA6. The tensile strength of the prepreg filament, which contained with 40 vol% CF, reached 984 MPa. The unidirectional CCF‐PA6 specimens were subsequently 3D‐printed with the prepreg filament, and the mechanical strength of those 3D‐printed specimens were tunable by adjusting a set of printing parameters, such as layer thickness, hatch spacing and printing temperatures. The highest tensile strength of the specimen reached 555 MPa. Those specimens also exhibited outstanding mechanical strength at elevated temperatures, still reaching 184 MPa at 150°C. The mechanical strength of those specimens was dependent on the content of the fiber. This study can hopefully provide new insights for feedstock design and spur novel ideas in tailoring the mechanical properties of the 3D‐printed CFRTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]