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Drought stress is a critical environmental factor that significantly impacts plant growth and productivity. However, the transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in response to drought stress in Camellia oleifera Abel. is still unclear. This study analyzed the transcriptome sequencing data of C. oleifera under drought treatments. A total of 20,674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under drought stress, with the number of DEGs increasing with the duration of drought. Specifically, 11,793 and 18,046 DEGs were detected after 8 and 15 days of drought treatment, respectively, including numerous upregulated and downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in various biological processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that carbon metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, proteasome, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were the main affected pathways. Among the DEGs, 376 protein kinases, 42 proteases, 168 transcription factor (TF) genes, and 152 other potential functional genes were identified, which may play significant roles in the drought response of C. oleifera. The expression of relevant functional genes was further validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These findings contribute to the comprehension of drought tolerance mechanisms in C. oleifera and bolster the identification of drought-resistant genes for molecular breeding purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering impulse time windows and the actuator saturation, we put forward a novel aperiodic hybrid control scheme to achieve the exponential synchronization of two nonlinear dynamical systems (NDSs). Different from the existing research, the actuator saturation of two types of control signals and impulse time windows are both considered in the exponential synchronization analysis. Some sufficient conditions are found with designing the hybrid controller, and the attraction domain (AD) of the error system is also estimated. On the other hand, the conditions which can ensure the exponential synchronization between two NDSs with this hybrid control without saturation limit are also given. Finally, experimental results for the synchronization of three dimensional Hopfield‐type neural networks and the image reproduction based on the synchronization of neural networks demonstrate the feasibility of our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ploidy identification is a basic method for determining germplasm resources and for breeding new varieties of oil-seed camellia. In this study, flow cytometry and K-mer analysis were used to identify the ploidy of oil-seed camellia germplasms. To determine the best tissue organ type, lysis time, and dyeing time, evaluation indices such as the presence of a clear main peak, the ease of sampling, and the coefficient of variation were used. A technique was established, and the ploidies of different oil-seed camellia germplasms were identified. The results showed that pollen was the best material and that using a 400 mL PI lysis solution for 10 min lysis, followed by dyeing with a 1600 mL DAPI dyeing solution for 10 min, was the most suitable technique. According to the peak value of the control diploid Camellia azalea, 15 samples were estimated to be diploid, 24 samples were tetraploid, 18 samples were hexaploid, and 13 samples were octoploid. In addition, the K-mer analysis results showed that among the five samples, CK, C051, and C047 were diploid, while C037 and C043 were tetraploid, results that are consistent with the results of the flow cytometry identification. This study is therefore valuable for the polyploid selection and use of different ploidy germplasm resources for the cross breeding of oil-seed camellia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]