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AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of dry eyes after pterygium surgery with lacrimal insufficiency.METHODS: A total of 64 cases(64 eyes)of pterygium patients with lacrimal insufficiency were treated with pterygium resection combined with limbal stem cell transplantation, and they were given routine anti-inflammatory and infection prevention treatment postoperatively. In terms of postoperative dry eye treatment, all patients were randomly divided into two groups. The observation group was treated with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, and the control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops. The break-up time of tear film(BUT), fluorescein(FL), Schirmer's Ⅰ test(SⅠt), ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, central corneal thickness(CCT)changes, adverse reactions and complications were observed and compared between the two groups at different times postoperatively.RESULTS: Both groups of pterygium patients were accompanied with mild to moderate dry eyes with insufficient tear secretion preoperatively. At 2 wk after operation, both groups showed shorter BUT and higher FL score compared with those preoperatively(P0.05). At 4 wk after operation, BUT in the observation group was prolonged, OSDI score was decreased(both P0.05).CONCLUSION: In the treatment of dry eye after pterygium surgery with lacrimal insufficiency, 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops can effectively reduce the postoperative dry eye symptoms, and its clinical effect is better than that of sodium hyaluronate eye drops alone.

Due to natural and external influences in curved channels, ships frequently require adjustments in course and speed, posing challenges for existing control methods. Particularly lacking are speed control methods suitable for curved channel navigation. This study initially developed a three-degree-of-freedom MMG model incorporating external interference. It introduced an OP-PID heading controller merging optimal control strategies with traditional PID, adaptable to both external conditions and ship speed, validated through heading control simulations. The study analysed the ship’s speed change process, deriving a mathematical expression for advance distance, and proposed a dichotomy-based speed control method to determine speed change points, addressing differential equations with unknown integrands. To mitigate uncertainty errors like parameter inaccuracies in ship maneuvering models and dynamic environmental disturbances, the study proposed a comprehensive control approach. This approach integrates model predictive control, feedback compensation, segment identification, and an enhanced line-of-sight (LOS) guidance method alongside the OP-PID course controller and dichotomy-based speed control. Simulation experiments in the Dongboliao Channel compared the proposed and existing methods. Results demonstrate the proposed method’s capability to handle frequent course and speed adjustments effectively, even under model errors and external interference, showcasing superior track deviation and course control accuracy over existing methods.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is known worldwide for its important disabling features, including myocarditis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It is believed that microRNA (miRNA) has a role in the cellular processes of apoptosis and myocarditis, and miR-219a-5p has been found to suppress the inflammatory response. However, unknown is the precise mechanism by which miR-219a-5p contributes to MI. Methods: We measured the expression of miR-219a-5p and evaluated its effects on target proteins, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis in a mouse model of MI. Echocardiography was utilized to examine the MI clinical index, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was employed to analyze the infarcted region. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting measured serum and molecular markers in heart tissues. To quantify the association with miR-219a-5p and ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+transporting 2 (ATP2A2), the luciferase activity assay and Pearson's correlation analysis were employed. Results: MiR-219a-5p exhibited low expression in a mouse model of MI, and its amplification prevented both apoptotic and inflammatory reactions. Specifically, miR-219a-5p targeted ATP2A2. Conclusion: In a mouse model of MI, miR-219a-5p exerted a potent protective effect via direct targeting of ATP2A2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The utility of growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) in predicting long‐term adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients is not well established. This study explored the relationship between GDF‐15 levels and adverse outcomes in HF patients across various ejection fraction (EF) phenotypes associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and evaluated the added prognostic value of incorporating GDF‐15 into the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk score‐based model. Methods and results: This single‐centre cohort study included 823 HF patients, categorized into 230 (27.9%) reduced EF (HFrEF), 271 (32.9%) mid‐range EF (HFmrEF), and 322 (39.1%) preserved EF (HFpEF) groups. The median age was 68.0 years (range: 56.0–77.0), and 245 (29.8%) were females. Compared with the HFrEF and HFmrEF groups, the HFpEF group had a higher GDF‐15 concentration (P = 0.002) and a higher MAGGIC risk score (P < 0.001). We examined the associations between GDF‐15 levels and the risks of all‐cause mortality and HF rehospitalization using Cox regression models. The C‐index, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI) metrics were employed to assess the incremental prognostic value. During the 9.4 year follow‐up period, 425 patients died, and 484 were rehospitalized due to HF. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated GDF‐15 levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–1.54; P < 0.001] and HF rehospitalization (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.57–1.95; P < 0.001) across all HF phenotypes. This association remained significant when GDF‐15 was treated as a categorical variable (high GDF‐15 group: all‐cause death: HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.40–2.14; P < 0.001; HF rehospitalization: HR = 3.37, 95% CI: 2.73–4.15; P < 0.001). Inclusion of GDF‐15 in the MAGGIC risk score‐based model provided additional prognostic value for all HF patients (Δ C‐index = 0.021, 95% CI: 0.002–0.041; IDI = 0.011, 95% CI: 0.001–0.025; continuous NRI = 0.489, 95% CI: 0.174–0.629) and HF rehospitalization (Δ C‐index = 0.034, 95% CI: 0.005–0.063; IDI = 0.021, 95% CI: 0.007–0.032; continuous NRI = 0.307, 95% CI: 0.147–0.548), particularly in the HFpEF subgroup. Conclusions: GDF‐15 is identified as an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in HF patients across the entire EF spectrum in the context of CHD. Integrating GDF‐15 into the MAGGIC risk score‐based model enhances its prognostic capability for adverse outcomes in the general HF population. This incremental prognostic effect was observed specifically in the HFpEF subgroup and not in other subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the explosion propagation law of lignite dust in 20L spherical explosion test device, the dust diffusion behavior and explosion propagation characteristics of lignite were studied by experiment and numerical simulation. The propagation process of dust explosion is studied by using high-speed camera and 20L spherical explosion test system, and the process of dust diffusion and explosion is simulated by using FLUENT software. The results show that the explosion propagation of lignite dust in the 20L spherical explosion test system has four different stages: the first explosion stage, the full explosion combustion stage, the continuous combustion stage and the combustion attenuation stage. The test results are slightly different from that of the fluent simulation of lignite dust explosion by using the high-speed camera to collect the dust explosion images. Results within the allowable error range, the experimental image of explosion combustion of lignite dust is well connected with the simulation results, which has a good display effect on the explosion propagation of lignite dust.

Heteroatom doping engineering is desirable in tuning crystal structures and electrical properties, which is considered an opportunity to further develop microwave absorption materials. However, the competition mechanism and priority among doped atoms have not been revealed, which are insufficient to guide the most reasonable dielectric coupling model and design high‐performance absorbers. In this work, based on in situ N and O, ex situ S is introduced through external thermal driving, leading to fierce competition among anions. Specifically, S atoms replace pyrrole N, drive out lattice O, and create O vacancies, bringing more extensive local charge redistribution and stronger electron interaction, thus activating the defect‐induced polarization (3–6 times higher than conduction loss) in the middle/high‐frequency region. Therefore, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 9.03 GHz and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −64.05 dB at a filling rate of 10 wt.% are obtained, which improves the record of carbon absorbers as reported. Through macro‐designs, i.e., multi‐layer gradient metamaterial, or utilizing other advantages, e.g., cost‐effective, stable chemical properties and wide‐angle absorption, porous carbon may possess a great application prospect in the naval field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]