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Prior research has supported associations between neurocognitive inefficiencies, including set-shifting and central coherence, and disordered eating psychopathology (DEP). Findings from one study suggest a more severe anorexia nervosa presentation for those with overlapping inefficiencies. To our knowledge, there are no empirical reports of overlapping inefficiencies and DEP in non-clinical, at-risk populations. DEP is prevalent among college women and is linked to impaired functioning; thus, this group represents a prime population to target. The current study investigated how level of self-reported DEP may differ according to neurocognitive profile in a sample of female college students. Participants (N = 144) completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) as well as computerized versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Navon task. Median splits were used to categorize the participants into inefficiency groups according to their performance on both neurocognitive tasks. Results supported our hypothesis that those with overlapping inefficiencies would have higher levels of DEP than those with no inefficiencies. However, the overlapping inefficiency group did not differ significantly from the standalone set-shifting or central coherence inefficiency groups. Findings provide preliminary evidence that college women who demonstrate both cognitive inflexibility and a detail-oriented processing style may be prone to heightened DEP. Additional studies that control for potential confounds, use comprehensive neurocognitive batteries, utilize longitudinal designs, and recruit larger and more diverse samples are needed. Replication of this research could inform development of screening and early intervention efforts for college women who may be susceptible to DEP., Author(s): Caitlin B. Shepherd [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ilana Ladis [sup.1] [sup.3] , Amanda Jiang [sup.2] , Wenxuan He [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.268117.b, 0000 0001 2293 7601, Department of Psychology, [...]

Modifying surface topography to prevent surface-induced thrombosis in cardiovascular implants allows endothelialization, which is the natural thrombo-resistance of blood-contacting surfaces, and is deemed to be the only long-term solution for hemocompatible materials. We adapted a simulation framework to predict platelet deposition on a modified surface and developed an optimization strategy to promote endothelial retention and limit platelet deposition. Under supraphysiological bulk shear stress, a maximum of 79% linear coverage was achieved. This study concludes that the addition of microtrenches promotes endothelial retention and can be improved through the optimal selection of geometric parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of older age on hearing preservation after cochlear implantation (CI), and whether steroids improve hearing preservation in older animals. We hypothesized greater hearing preservation would be observed in (1) young animals compared to older animals and (2) older animals receiving steroids compared to no steroids. The secondary objective was to assess levels of fibrosis utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT). Study Design: Experimental Animal Study. Setting: Laboratory. Methods: Three groups of guinea pigs: young (YCI; 8.5 ± 0.5 weeks; n = 10), old (OCI; 19.1 ± 1.0 months; n = 9) and old + steroids (OCI+S; 19.1 ± 1.0 months; n = 9) underwent CI. The OCI+S group received a steroid taper over 7 days starting 2 days before surgery to 4 days after. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. OCT imaging was performed to assess cochleae for extent of fibrotic tissue growth in the scala tympani. Results: The YCI group had significantly better hearing preservation as measured by smaller increases in ABR thresholds [mean shift: 2.79 ± 0.66] compared to the OCI group [mean shift = 12.44 ± 5.6]. The OCI+S group had significantly better hearing preservation [2.66 ± 1.50] compared to the OCI group. No significant differences was seen in fibrosis across groups. Conclusions: Young animals and older animals that received steroids had better hearing after CI than older animals not given steroids, but hearing preservation was not correlated with the level of fibrosis assessed using OCT. This work is the first to investigate differences in hearing preservation by age in an animal model, and supports the protective effects of steroids on hearing preservation in older individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed railway natural disaster and foreign object intrusion monitoring system is an important technical guarantee for the safe operation of trains. As the basic data source, the reliability and stability of meteorological monitoring equipment is an important prerequisite for the system to play a role. Due to the special measurement principle of meteorological monitoring equipment and the inconvenience of equipment inspection along the high-speed railway, there is currently a lack of flexible and efficient applicability inspection algorithms for equipment failure and monitoring data distortion. Based on the measurement principle of the wind and rain monitoring equipment, this paper analyzes the causes of data distortion and abnormal data characteristics, then puts forward the applicability test algorithm of high-speed railway wind and rain monitoring equipment. Through data analysis methods such as correlation test and difference test, the applicability test of anemometers was carried out. The top-cover piezoelectric rain gauge inspection equipment was developed, and the applicability test of microwave rain gauge was carried out by means of data comparative analysis. Finally, we tested the algorithm in actual high-speed rail lines, and the results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively identify the monitoring equipment with poor adaptability.

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, and is a pathogen posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, there is a lack of internationally approved antiviral drugs for the treatment of ZIKV infection, and symptomatic management remains the primary clinical approach. Consequently, the exploration of safe and effective anti-ZIKV drugs has emerged as a paramount imperative in ZIKV control efforts. In this study, we performed a screening of a compound library consisting of 1789 FDA-approved drugs to identify potential agents with anti-ZIKV activity. We have identified dapoxetine, an orally administered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly employed for the clinical management of premature ejaculation (PE), as a potential inhibitor of ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Consequently, we conducted surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to validate the specific binding of dapoxetine to ZIKV RdRp, and further evaluated its inhibitory effect on ZIKV RdRp synthesis using the ZIKV Gluc reporter gene assay. Furthermore, we substantiated the efficacy of dapoxetine in suppressing intracellular replication of ZIKV, thereby demonstrating a concentration-dependent antiviral effect (EC50 values ranging from 4.20 μM to 12.6 μM) and negligible cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μM) across diverse cell lines. Moreover, cell fluorescence staining and Western blotting assays revealed that dapoxetine effectively reduced the expression of ZIKV proteins. Collectively, our findings suggest that dapoxetine exhibits anti-ZIKV effects by inhibiting ZIKV RdRp activity, positioning it as a potential candidate for clinical therapeutic intervention against ZIKV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]