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Displaying calories and other nutritional information on restaurant menus is an effective measure to prevent obesity， which plays an essential role in innovating the food environment and promoting healthy eating. Nutrition labeling of catering food has not been widely developed in China. The main influencing factors are insufficient implementation， the willingness of the operator， incomplete basic data， and insufficient technical capabilities. This paper aims to provide the theoretical basis for promoting nutrition labeling of catering food.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate and analyze the key factors that influence the nutritional composition of catering food， providing a foundation for the application of nutrition labeling in catering establishments. Additionally， it contributes to the development of environmentally sustainable nutrition and health-oriented canteens and restaurants.MethodsPanel interviews were conducted in Beijing and Zhoushan， representing cities with distinct North-South culinary characteristics. These interviews engaged local nutrition specialists and catering industry professionals. The outcomes of these interviews were thoroughly examined and analyzed.ResultsThe interviewees unanimously identified several key factors affecting the nutritional composition of catering food in China. These factors primarily included the quality of raw ingredients， food preparation methods， cooking techniques， and cooking conditions.ConclusionUnderstanding the influential factors that shape the nutritional composition of catering food is crucial for conducting targeted research and enhancing the overall nutritional quality of dishes served in the catering industry. These efforts contribute to elevating the dietary standards and health status of the population， aligning with national nutrition and health improvement goals， and fostering a healthier China.

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is a high-quality silage protein feed material that can help address feed shortages and support livestock development. Although some studies have investigated the relationships between microbial communities and silage quality, these relationships and the underlying community assembly processes remain complex, requiring further research to clarify them. Additionally, limited research has explored the relationship between microbial community fermentation functions and silage quality. In this study, we aimed to explore B. papyrifera and wheat bran mixed silage quality driven by the characteristics of the microbial community. After 50 days of silage fermentation, high-quality and low-quality samples were selected from every mixing ratio (90:10, 80:20, and 65:35). The silage chemical composition, lignocellulose degradation enzyme activity, microbial community composition, and potential functions were used to explore the relevance between silage quality and the characteristics of the microbial community. The contents of hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber, pH, and the activities of endoglucanase and exoglucanase were significantly affected by mixing ratios and silage quality grade. There were higher crude protein content, lignocellulose degrading enzyme activity, and lower pH, lignin, and acid detergent fiber in the mixing of 65:35 (BP65%) samples. The PERMANOVA results showed that mixing ratios had significant impacts on microbial community composition and bacterial fermentation functions. There was a higher bacterial diversity, lower fungal diversity, and better functional potentials for fermentation and lignocellulose degradation in BP65% high-quality silage. The dominant genera were Lactobacillus , Cladosporium , and Wallemia in all samples. The relative abundance of Clostridium , Rhodococcus , Turicibacter , Ralstonia , and Burkholderia was significantly higher in BP65% high-quality samples. There was a higher abundance of Wallemia in the BP65% samples than in other mixing ratios samples. Notably, silage quality showed a close relationship with Lactobacillus , Turicibacter , Romboutsia , Wallemia, and Pichia. In summary, 65:35 was a suitable mixing ratio for B. papyrifera and wheat bran silage, but high-quality silage still required the participation of multiple specific rare microbial taxa. The higher bacterial diversity and specific microbial taxa abundance could be critical for improving B. papyrifera silage quality. We expect that our findings will provide new insights into silage quality driven by the characteristics of the microbial community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the incidence of liver disease has increased, becoming a major cause of death. Various liver diseases are intricately linked to pyroptosis, which is one of the most common forms of programmed cell death. As a powerful weapon in the fight against liver diseases, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can affect pyroptosis via a number of routes, including the classical, nucleotide oligomerization domain‐like receptors protein 3/caspase‐1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) pathway, the nonclassical lipopolysaccharide/caspase‐11/GSDMD pathway, the ROS/caspase‐3/gasdermin E pathway, the caspase‐9/caspase‐3/GSDMD pathway, and the Apaf‐1/caspase‐11/caspase‐3 pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of pyroptosis, the interplay between pyroptosis and liver diseases, and the mechanisms through which TCM regulates pyroptosis in liver diseases. The information used in the text was collected and compiled from the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang Data up to June 2023. The search was not limited with regard to the language and country of the articles. Research and review articles were included, and papers with duplicate results or unrelated content were excluded. We examined the current understanding of the relationship between pyroptosis and liver diseases as well as the advances in TCM interventions to provide a resource for the identification of potential targets for TCM in the treatment of liver diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cycloaddition reaction mechanism between interstellar molecules ketenimine and HCN has been investigated employing the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) method in order to better understand the reactivity of nitrogenous cumulene ketenimine with carbon-nitrogen triple bond compound HCN. Geometry optimizations and vibrational analyses have been performed for the stationary points on the potential energy surfaces of the system. The calculated results show that it can be produced the five-membered cyclic carbene intermediates through pericyclic reaction processes between ketenimine and HCN. Through the following H-transfer processes, carbene intermediates can isomerize to the pyrazole and imidazole compounds, respectively. The present study is helpful to understand the formation of prebiotic species in interstellar space.

In plant, APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF)‐domain transcription factors are important in regulating abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, ZmEREB57 encoding a AP2/ERF transcription factor was identified and its function was investigated in maize. ZmEREB57 is a nuclear protein with transactivation activity induced by several abiotic stress types. Furthermore, two CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of ZmEREB57 showed enhanced sensitivity to saline conditions, whereas the overexpression of ZmEREB57 increased salt tolerance in maize and Arabidopsis. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP‐Seq) analysis revealed that ZmEREB57 notably regulates target genes by binding to promoters containing an O‐box‐like motif (CCGGCC). ZmEREB57 directly binds to the promoter of ZmAOC2 involved in the synthesis of 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that several genes involved in regulating stress and redox homeostasis showed differential expression patterns in OPDA‐ and JA‐treated maize seedlings exposed to salt stress compared to those treated with salt stress alone. Analysis of mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of OPDA and JA revealed that OPDA functions as a signalling molecule in the salt response. Our results indicate that ZmEREB57 involves in salt tolerance by regulating OPDA and JA signalling and confirm early observations that OPDA signalling functions independently of JA signalling. SUMMARY STATEMENT: As an important cereal crop worldwide, however, the yield and quality of maize are severely affected by salt stress. This study identified that ZmEREB57, a AP2/ERF transcription factor, contributes to salt tolerance in maize. The ZmEREB57‐mediated salt stress response can be achieved by binding to the ZmAOC2 promoter, which is a positive regulator of OPDA biosynthesis. Although as being a precursor for JA synthesis, OPDA functions independently of JA as a signalling molecule in the salt response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]