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In order to clarify the microstructural characteristics of the aluminum alloy additive manufacturing process， the 2024 aluminum alloy commonly used in aircraft structures was used as the research object， and the 2024 high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled components were successfully prepared using laser and CMT-P arc composite additive manufacturing technology.Using optical microscope，scanning electron microscope， electron probe and other characterization methods， the microstructural characteristics of different areas of the additive components were studied， and their influence law on the microhardness was explored.Results showed that owing to the unique thermal cycling characteristics of the additive manufacturing process， the thin-walled additive parts were formed by a layered structure with alternating three characteristic regions: melt pool boundary (MPB)， melt pool zone (MPZ)， and heat affected zone (HAZ).Among them， the microstructure of MPB was fine equiaxed crystals； the microstructure of MPZ was fine columnar crystals at the bottom， and coarse columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals in the upper part； the microstructure of HAZ was coarse equiaxed crystals.Moreover， the main precipitated phases inside the specimen were S phase (Al2CuMg) and θ phase (Al2Cu)， with the S phase mainly distributed at the intersection of grain boundaries and inside the grains， and θ phase mainly distributed at the grain boundaries.Besides， the microhardness of the interlaminar region inside the additive sample was lower than that of the base material， which might be mainly attributed to the presence of pores between the layers and the presence of more precipitated phases at the grain boundaries.

Background: The development of the human vermiform appendix at the cellular level, as well as its function, is not well understood. Appendicitis in preschool children, although uncommon, is associated with a high perforation rate and increased morbidity. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the human appendix during fetal and pediatric stages as well as preschool-age inflammatory appendices. Transcriptional features of each cell compartment were discussed in the developing appendix. Cellular interactions and differentiation trajectories were also investigated. We compared scRNA-seq profiles from preschool appendicitis to those of matched healthy controls to reveal disease-associated changes. Bulk transcriptomic data, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative PCR were used to validate the findings. Results: Our analysis identified 76 cell types in total and described the cellular atlas of the developing appendix. We discovered the potential role of the BMP signaling pathway in appendiceal epithelium development and identified HOXC8 and PITX2 as the specific regulons of appendix goblet cells. Higher pericyte coverage, endothelial angiogenesis, and goblet mucus scores together with lower epithelial and endothelial tight junction scores were found in the preschool appendix, which possibly contribute to the clinical features of preschool appendicitis. Preschool appendicitis scRNA-seq profiles revealed that the interleukin-17 signaling pathway may participate in the inflammation process. Conclusions: Our study provides new insights into the development of the appendix and deepens the understanding of appendicitis in preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to tackle the congestion and environmental issues, customized bus services are proposed and deployed in metropolitan areas. As emerging public transportation services, customized bus services bring passengers more convenience and accessibility. Besides, conventional customized bus services generally organize homogeneous fleet and single location selection to passengers. In this paper, to enhance the mobility and flexibility of customized buses and increase companies' profit, we propose a new form of customized bus service with heterogeneous fleets and multiple candidate locations. First, a mixed-integer programming model (MIP) is developed to describe the customized bus problem. Compared with the conventional model, the proposed MIP is involved in the case of one passenger with multiple candidate pickup or delivery locations and can be solved by GUROBI on small scale, quickly and efficiently. Second, an improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm (ALNS[sub.ip]) is utilized to address the large-scale problem more efficiently. Time slack calculation method is then designed to optimize vehicle timetables, which provides stable and excellent performance for searching feasible solutions. In addition, we propose two inserting operators to deal with the problem with multiple candidate locations and analyse its influence on the results. Finally, we test the performance of the proposed model and algorithm on the numerical experiments. And they are verified the effectiveness and implication in a small-scale case on a simplified Sioux waterfall network and a large-scale problem in Beijing, China. The result shows that ALNS[sub.ip] outperforms other algorithms in searching for more satisfying solutions with higher efficiency. However, the GUROBI solver can obtain the solution to small-scale problems within a shorter time than ALNS[sub.ip]. Furthermore, it can be suggested that the heterogeneous fleets service with multiple candidate locations is helpful to facilitate collaboration among vehicles and optimize pickup and delivery routes in consequence., Author(s): Shouqiang Xue [1]; Rui Song (corresponding author) [1]; Shiwei He [1]; Jiuyu An [1]; Youmiao Wang [1] 1. Introduction The increase in the number of private cars has imposed [...]

The low comprehensive compressibility coefficient characteristic of fracture-vuggy reservoirs often leads to imprecise dynamic reserve calculations. This study introduces a novel method for estimating dynamic reserves, which incorporates a modified comprehensive compressibility coefficient to enhance accuracy. This methodology has been applied to 23 wells in the Tahe Oilfield, resulting in error rates substantially lower than those associated with traditional techniques, thereby markedly enhancing the accuracy of dynamic reserve estimations. Specifically, for karst cave and fracture-vuggy reservoirs, the error rate in dynamic reserve calculations is reduced to under 10%, surpassing conventional methods by more than fivefold. In the case of fractured reservoirs, despite minor fluctuations in error rates due to stress sensitivity, diversion capacity, and channel variations, the proposed method still demonstrates a significant reduction in error rates compared to standard practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]