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The associations between obesity and liver diseases are complex and diverse. To explore the causal relationships between obesity and liver diseases, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and multivariable MR analysis. The data of exposures (BMI and WHRadjBMI) and outcomes (liver diseases and liver function biomarker) were obtained from the open genome-wide association study database. A two-sample MR study revealed that the genetically predicted BMI and WHRadjBMI were associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and autoimmune hepatitis. Obesity was not associated with primary biliary cholangitis, liver failure, liver cell carcinoma, viral hepatitis and secondary malignant neoplasm of liver. A higher WHRadjBMI was associated with higher levels of biomarkers of lipid accumulation and metabolic disorders. These findings indicated independent causal roles of obesity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and impaired liver metabolic function rather than in viral or autoimmune liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveAn incident of foodborne diseases was investigated and analyzed to provide reference for the prevention of such incidents.MethodsSuspicious food， pathogenic factors and pollution sources were found through on­site epidemiological investigation， food hygiene investigation and laboratory testing.ResultsA total of 198 cases were searched， and the incidence rate was 50.13% （198/395）. The main symptoms were diarrhea （90.40%）， fever （87.88%） and abdominal pain （66.16%）， the average incubation period was 13.8 h （4-47 h）. Salmonella enteritidis was detected in 57 cases， 3 foods， 2 raw materials and 1 object surface. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis molecular traceability analysis was carried out on 3 foods， 2 food raw materials， 1 object surface and 11 randomly selected case samples. The result showed that the similarity of DNA fingerprints of the above samples was 100%.ConclusionThe incident was a foodborne disease caused by eating hot dog salad bread contaminated by Salmonella. It is suggested that the food regulatory authorities should strengthen the supervision of food production enterprises and the training of food safety related knowledge for food practitioners to avoid similar incidents.

Disasters are more destructive and frequent in the age of climate change, overpopulation, and neoliberal globalisation. While the literature on disaster prevention and management proliferates, the role of for‐profit corporations has only recently started to be examined, usually through the lens of corporate social responsibility (CSR)—the expectation that business will consider social and environmental interests in its operations, in addition to profit. There is lately much academic creativity in the CSR space pertaining to why and how large corporations should contribute to disaster recovery, but a conceptual red thread is missing. This paper proposes that the unifying concept is the CSR principle of refraining from exploiting disaster‐hit communities. Indeed, CSR principles evolve in time, reflecting contemporary societal priorities. In a contractarian perspective on CSR, a rational community would nowadays have solid reasons to expect, in its social contract with business, the latter's commitment to decency when the former is devastated by earthquakes, pandemics, wars, and the like. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Background Bedside ultrasound evaluation of venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) combined with the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index plays an important role in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. VExUS can effectively evaluate the degree of venous congestion, while the TyG index is valuable in predicting severe pancreatitis. The combination of these two methods is expected to provide a more accurate AKI risk assessment tool for clinical practice. This study explores the value of combining bedside ultrasound evaluation using the VExUS grading system with the TyG index in predicting acute renal damage in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. Methods From January 2021 to December 2023, 110 patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis were selected. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI): the AKI group (n = 23) and the non-AKI group (n = 87). The general data of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for AKI in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The predictive value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, outcome, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels at admission, blood nutrition at discharge, creatinine (CREA) at discharge, underlying diseases, start time of enteral nutrition, complications, length of stay, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) days, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, blood glucose level, blood amylase level, CREA, blood urine nitrogen (BUN), blood purification treatment (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the TyG index and the VExUS score, with variables including the TyG index and the VExUS score (included in the logistic regression analysis as variables), and AKI (AKI = 1, non-AKI = 0) as dependent variables. Multiple logistic regression results showed that the TyG index and VExUS score were independent predictors of AKI in patients with acute hyperlipidemia pancreatitis (p < 0.05). The standard error, sensitivity and specificity of the TyG index, VExUS score and combined model for predicting AKI in these patients were 0.064, 73.91 and 87.45; 0.036, 78.16 and 95.65; 0.010, 100.00 and 95.65, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion The VExUS score combined with the TyG index is highly valuable in predicting AKI in patients with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim was to investigate the relationships among extreme sports participation, sensation seeking, and negative risky behaviors (smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling) for middle-school students.Methods: Using a convenience sampling procedure, all students from a middle school in a district of Chongqing were selected to participate in the survey, which included questions on their extreme sports participation rate, and smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling behavior.Results: A sample of 2,987 middle-school students participated in this study. The results showed that the proportions of students participating in extreme sports, smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling were 19.9, 4.8, 18.4, and 3.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between different genders, schools, place of residence, smoking, drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking of the participation rate of students of extreme sports, the rate of boys, junior middle-school students, urban students, smokers, alcohol drinkers, gamblers, and high-sensation-seeking students were relatively higher than that of girls, senior middle-school students, rural students, no-smokers, no-alcohol drinkers, no-gamblers, and low-sensation-seeking students. Alcohol drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking were associated with extreme sports participation, and the students who drank alcohol, who gambled, and who were high sensation seeking were more likely to participate in extreme sports than those who did not drink alcohol, who did not gamble, and who were low sensation seeking.Conclusion: Middle schools should integrate extreme sports education into physical education and risky-behavior education, strengthen relevant knowledge and safety training, and guide students to meet their sensation-seeking needs through participation in extreme sports instead of risky behaviors.

We explored the conditions and reasons for the influence of locus of control on the relationship between social exclusion and conspicuous consumption. Two studies were conducted to address this objective. Study 1 provided evidence that individuals with an external locus of control, believing that their fate is determined by external factors, exhibited a stronger inclination toward conspicuous consumption when experiencing social exclusion as opposed to social inclusion. Conversely, individuals with an internal locus of control, perceiving their fate to be within their own control, did not demonstrate a significant difference in conspicuous consumption between social-exclusion and social-inclusion conditions. Study 2 further validated this hypothesis by employing alternative manipulations and measures, and uncovered the underlying mechanism behind these findings, revealing that the effect of personal control and social exclusion on conspicuous consumption was mediated by self-efficacy. Implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]