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Cropland is a fundamental basis for agricultural development and a prerequisite for ensuring food security. The segmentation and extraction of croplands using remote sensing images are important measures and prerequisites for detecting and protecting farmland. This study addresses the challenges of diverse image sources, multi-scale representations of cropland, and the confusion of features between croplands and other land types in large-area remote sensing image information extraction. To this end, a multi-source self-annotated dataset was developed using satellite images from GaoFen-2, GaoFen-7, and WorldView, which was integrated with public datasets GID and LoveDA to create the CRMS dataset. A novel semantic segmentation network, the Global–Local Context Aggregation Network (GLCANet), was proposed. This method integrates the Bilateral Feature Encoder (BFE) of CNNs and Transformers with a global–local information mining module (GLM) to enhance global context extraction and improve cropland separability. It also employs a multi-scale progressive upsampling structure (MPUS) to refine the accuracy of diverse arable land representations from multi-source imagery. To tackle the issue of inconsistent features within the cropland class, a loss function based on hard sample mining and multi-scale features was constructed. The experimental results demonstrate that GLCANet improves OA and mIoU by 3.2% and 2.6%, respectively, compared to the existing advanced networks on the CRMS dataset. Additionally, the proposed method also demonstrated high precision and practicality in segmenting large-area croplands in Chongzhou City, Sichuan Province, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obsessional slowness (OS) is characterized by a syndrome of extreme slowness in doing ordinary, day-to-day activities. Several scholars regarded OS as secondary to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, it is commonly thought to be the consequence of extensive rituals and has been paid minimal attention in its own right. A combination of behavior therapy and aromatherapy are recommended for treatment of this condition. However, the outcome is often frustrating. Reports of surgical management for OS are limited. Patient concerns:She had symptoms characterized by repeated checking and progressive slowness in self-care behavior. Diagnosis:At the age of 19, the patient had the first presentation. The patient was diagnosed with a case of OCD with obsessional slowness according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10).Interventions:Considering the lack of a response to pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), we treated this case with anterior capsulotomy and accumbensotomy. Outcomes: Moderate somnolence, urticaria, juvenile behavior, mild short-term memory impairment and slight nonsense were noted during the first postoperative days. At 10 months, the patient's OCD symptoms recovered nearly to her preoperative level. The OS symptom also had an obvious rebound at 10 months. Through comprehensive judgment, we decided to choose accumbensotomy. At 9 months after the accumbensotomy, the OCD symptoms started to rebound. Soon after, the OS symptoms also recurred. At the last timepoint of 30 months, the patient's OCD and OS symptoms had completely rebounded. This time, the patient and parents refused any treatment. Conclusion: This case suggests that OCD with OS, as a special category, might not be suitable for stereotactic neurosurgery. Furthermore, multiple surgeries in this kind of OCD patient should be considered with as much caution as much as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution-processed all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films show great promise for green lasers owing to their unique optoelectronic properties and processability. However, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of CsPbBr3 films with poor heat dissipation still experiences instability due to severe heating effects under high optical pump densities. Here we demonstrate CsPbBr3:GO films with excellent photostability and ASE properties under ambient conditions by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) as an additive. As the amount of GO increases, the photostability of the perovskite film is improved and the ASE threshold is decreased, while the film surface remains smooth and compact. Moreover, a low threshold of ASE is sustained even after annealing the composite films at 130 °C for 24 hours. These results suggest that the synthesis of CsPbBr3:GO will open new avenues for controlling the optical properties of perovskite films and advancing the development of optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (CSBRT) is an emerging and promising noninvasive technique for treating refractory arrhythmias utilizing highly precise, single or limited‐fraction high‐dose irradiations. This method promises to revolutionize the treatment of cardiac conditions by delivering targeted therapy with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. However, the dynamic nature of cardiorespiratory motion poses significant challenges to the precise delivery of dose in CSBRT, introducing potential variabilities that can impact treatment efficacy. The complexities of the influence of cardiorespiratory motion on dose distribution are compounded by interplay and blurring effects, introducing additional layers of dose uncertainty. These effects, critical to the understanding and improvement of the accuracy of CSBRT, remain unexplored, presenting a gap in current clinical literature. Purpose: To investigate the cardiorespiratory motion characteristics in arrhythmia patients and the dosimetric impact of interplay and blurring effects induced by cardiorespiratory motion on CSBRT plan quality. Methods: The position and volume variations in the substrate target and cardiac substructures were evaluated in 12 arrhythmia patients using displacement maximum (DMX) and volume metrics. Moreover, a four‐dimensional (4D) dose reconstruction approach was employed to examine the dose uncertainty of the cardiorespiratory motion. Results: Cardiac pulsation induced lower DMX than respiratory motion but increased the coefficient of variation and relative range in cardiac substructure volumes. The mean DMX of the substrate target was 0.52 cm (range: 0.26–0.80 cm) for cardiac pulsation and 0.82 cm (range: 0.32–2.05 cm) for respiratory motion. The mean DMX of the cardiac structure ranged from 0.15 to 1.56 cm during cardiac pulsation and from 0.35 to 1.89 cm during respiratory motion. Cardiac pulsation resulted in an average deviation of –0.73% (range: –4.01%–4.47%) in V25 between the 3D and 4D doses. The mean deviations in the homogeneity index (HI) and gradient index (GI) were 1.70% (range: –3.10%–4.36%) and 0.03 (range: –0.14–0.11), respectively. For cardiac substructures, the deviations in D50 due to cardiac pulsation ranged from –1.88% to 1.44%, whereas the deviations in Dmax ranged from –2.96% to 0.88% of the prescription dose. By contrast, the respiratory motion led to a mean deviation of –1.50% (range: –10.73%–4.23%) in V25. The mean deviations in HI and GI due to respiratory motion were 4.43% (range: –3.89%–13.98%) and 0.18 (range: –0.01–0.47) (p < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the deviations in D50 and Dmax in cardiac substructures for the respiratory motion ranged from –0.28% to 4.24% and –4.12% to 1.16%, respectively. Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory motion characteristics vary among patients, with the respiratory motion being more significant. The intricate cardiorespiratory motion characteristics and CSBRT plan complexity can induce substantial dose uncertainty. Therefore, assessing individual motion characteristics and 4D dose reconstruction techniques is critical for implementing CSBRT without compromising efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in recent years. However, a large number of intrinsic point defects lead to their low photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the formation enthalpy of the Br vacancy (VBr) is very low and it is a deep-level defect for p-type Cs2AgBiBr6, which will have a negative impact on the performance of the PSCs. Accordingly, hydrobromic acid (HBr) is added to the perovskite precursor solution to passivate the VBr. The hole-transporting-layer (HTL)-free and carbon electrode-based planar PSCs with 4% HBr added Cs2AgBiBr6 as the light-absorbing layer exhibit a 68% increase compared with the control. Both theoretical calculations and experimental characterization prove that the improvement of PCE is due to VBr being occupied by Br atoms in HBr. This work provides new ideas for vacancy defect engineering from the aspect of the intrinsic point defect characteristics of Cs2AgBiBr6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]