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Sand has significant side effects on oil production and offshore platform processing system. Mini-hydrocyclones is a very important component to desanding operation system. However, even a slight modification on the structural parameter of hydrocylone might result in a significant influence on its flow field and separation efficiency. So, analysis on flow field characteristics and separation efficiency of the mini-hydrocyclones can help to optimize its structural parameters. In this work, five mini-hydrocycloness were designed, and flow patterns and particle separation ability of a mini-hydrocyclones with various vortex finder depths were investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method. The research shows that vortex finder depth has a significant influence on the separation function partition of mini-hydrocyclones. The deeper the vortex finder depth is, the larger the volume of pre-separation area, the smaller the volume of the main separation area and the bigger the energy consumption are. These characteristics are disadvantage to improve separation performance of hydrocyclone. Ratio (L0/D) of vortex finder depth (L0) to the hydrocyclone cylinder diameter (D) is about 1.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A degassing cyclone is a separator that is widely used for the removal of bubbles and dissolved gas from liquids. Gas bubbles move toward the swirling center region in a degassing cyclone due to centrifugal force. The dissolved gas is desorbed due to a decrease in the saturated solubility resulting from the pressure gradient in the degassing cyclone. Additional carrier gas bubbles with lower partial pressure lead to mass transfer at the turbulent bubble interface. The final state of the dissolved gas and carrier gas bubble in degassing cyclones is an important issue that can be used to develop a theoretical foundation for green separation engineering. The feasible development of this technology and potential applications are discussed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide-bandgap all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 solar cells with MoOx/Ag/TeO2 composite transparent electrode have been firstly used to construct a 4T perovskite/Si-heterojunction tandem cells. The calculation results showed that the long wavelength transmission (600 to 1100 nm) of MoOx/Ag film can be enhanced remarkably by adding a TeO2 optical capping layer. This resulted in an obviously increase of the PCE (JSC) from 10.70% (17.56 mA/cm2) to 14.76% (24.67 mA/cm2) for corresponding bottom Si cell in CsPbIBr2/Si devices, although the PCE of top CsPbIBr2 cell decreased from 17.52% to 16.58%, the overall PCE of tandem device has increased from 28.22% to 31.34%. This JSC-dependent PCE improvement mainly came from the more balanced light absorption, which can be understood by the optical interference induced light field redistributions in CsPbIBr2/Si devices. Specially, comparing with the original Si cell, the JSC and PCE losses in bottom Si cell have been suppressed to about 33% and 32%, which are superior to most the reported pervoskite/Si tandem cells. Therefore, the tandem of Si cell and CsPbIBr2 cell with optimized MoOx(20 nm)/Ag(8 nm)/TeO2(50 nm) transparent electrode could be the promising cost-effective photovoltaic in the future. This work is instructive to the fabrication of pervoskite/Si tandem solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oestrogen has both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects because of variation in opposing action on alpha ( ERα) and beta ( ERβ) estrogen receptors in the medial preoptic area ( mPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ( BNST) and medial amygdala (MeA). Oxytocin ( OT) reverses some of the anxiogenic effects of oestrogen in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( PVN) and supraoptic nucleus ( SON). Because anxiety disorders are twice as common in women as in men, and oestrogen and OT are more important in females, we examined interactions between prenatal restraint stress ( GS) and postnatal early short-term maternal separation ( MS) and female mandarin vole behaviour, estrogen receptors and OT. The results show that adult female offspring from GS/no MS mothers showed increased anxiety in open-field and elevated plus-maze tests and had lower serum 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) levels than female offspring from GS/ MS, no GS/ MS and no GS/no MS mothers. GS/no MS females had more immunoreactive neurons for ERα in several brain regions and less ERβ- and OT-immunoreactive neurons in brain areas compared to GS/ MS, no GS/ MS and no GS/no MS offspring. Interestingly, no GS/ MS and GS/ MS offspring were similar to no GS/no MS offspring in that they did not develop anxiety as adults. We propose that MS alters the serum concentration of E2 and that the ERβ/ ERα ratio and OT level in the brain may be responsible for the decrease in anxiety-like behaviour in adult female offspring initially exposed to anxiety-inducing conditions via an adverse foetal environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organometal halide perovskite as a promising absorber in solar cells has caught tremendous attention in the past few years. Herein, a hydrophobic PCBM layer was introduced into planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells to form the TiO2/PCBM double blocking layer. The bilayer structure assures the formation of a dense, smooth, and pinhole-free blocking layer. And the PCBM layer can also be in favor of larger grain size perovskite film and further passivate the TiO2 blocking layer. Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results suggest the formation of a uniform and compact CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite layer on the PCBM-modified TiO2 blocking layer. The solar cell has reached a PCE up to 16.37%, which is greatly larger than the control device with a PCE of 10.81%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]