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Large language models (LLMs) are raging over the medical domain, and their momentum has carried over into the mental health domain, leading to the emergence of few mental health LLMs. Although such mental health LLMs could provide reasonable suggestions for psychological counseling, how to develop an authentic and effective doctor-patient relationship (DPR) through LLMs is still an important problem. To fill this gap, we dissect DPR into two key attributes, i.e., the psychologist's empathy and proactive guidance. We thus present WundtGPT, an empathetic and proactive mental health large language model that is acquired by fine-tuning it with instruction and real conversation between psychologists and patients. It is designed to assist psychologists in diagnosis and help patients who are reluctant to communicate face-to-face understand their psychological conditions. Its uniqueness lies in that it could not only pose purposeful questions to guide patients in detailing their symptoms but also offer warm emotional reassurance. In particular, WundtGPT incorporates Collection of Questions, Chain of Psychodiagnosis, and Empathy Constraints into a comprehensive prompt for eliciting LLMs' questions and diagnoses. Additionally, WundtGPT proposes a reward model to promote alignment with empathetic mental health professionals, which encompasses two key factors: cognitive empathy and emotional empathy. We offer a comprehensive evaluation of our proposed model. Based on these outcomes, we further conduct the manual evaluation based on proactivity, effectiveness, professionalism and coherence. We notice that WundtGPT can offer professional and effective consultation. The model is available at huggingface.

In order to investigate the effectiveness of lockdown and social distancing restrictions, which have been widely carried out as policy choice to curb the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic around the world, we formulate and discuss a staged and weighed networked system based on a classical SEAIR epidemiological model. Five stages have been taken into consideration according to four-tier response to Public Health Crisis, which comes from the National Contingency Plan in China. Staggered basic reproduction number has been derived and we evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown and social distancing policies under different scenarios among 19 cities/regions in mainland China. Further, we estimate the infection risk associated with the sequential release based on population mobility between cities and the intensity of some non-pharmaceutical interventions. Our results reveal that Level I public health emergency response is necessary for high-risk cities, which can flatten the COVID-19 curve effectively and quickly. Moreover, properly designed staggered-release policies are extremely significant for the prevention and control of COVID-19, furthermore, beneficial to economic activities and social stability and development., Comment: 21 pages and 7 figures

Objectives Influenza outbreaks have been widely studied. However, the patterns between influenza and religious festivals remained unexplored. This study examined the patterns of influenza and Hanukkah in Israel, and that of influenza and Hajj in Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Oman and Qatar. Method Influenza surveillance data of these seven countries from 2009 to 2017 were downloaded from the FluNet of the World Health Organization. Secondary data were collected for the countries' population, and the dates of Hajj and Hanukkah. We aggregated the weekly influenza A and B laboratory confirmations for each country over the study period. Weekly influenza A patterns and religious festival dates were further explored across the study period. Results We found that influenza A peaks closely followed Hanukkah in Israel in six out of seven years from 2010 to 2017. Aggregated influenza A peaks of the other six Middle East countries also occurred right after Hajj every year during the study period. Conclusions We predict that unless there is an emergence of new influenza strain, such influenza patterns are likely to persist in future years. Our results suggested that the optimal timing of mass influenza vaccination should take into considerations of the dates of these religious festivals., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

Background: Globally, influenza is a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization and mortality. Influenza vaccination has shown substantial protective effectiveness in the United States. We investigated state-level patterns of coverage rates of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination, among the overall population in the U.S. and specifically among children and the elderly, from 2009/10 to 2014/15, and associations with ecological factors. Methods and Findings: We obtained state-level influenza vaccination coverage rates from national surveys, and state-level socio-demographic and health data from a variety of sources. We employed a retrospective ecological study design, and used mixed-model regression to determine the levels of ecological association of the state-level vaccinations rates with these factors, both with and without region as a factor for the three populations. We found that health-care access is positively and significantly associated with mean influenza vaccination coverage rates across all populations and models. We also found that prevalence of asthma in adults are negatively and significantly associated with mean influenza vaccination coverage rates in the elderly populations. Conclusions: Health-care access has a robust, positive association with state-level vaccination rates across different populations. This highlights a potential population-level advantage of expanding health-care access., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures

Background: Guillain-Barr\'e Syndrome (GBS) is a common type of severe acute paralytic neuropathy and associated with other virus infections such as dengue fever and Zika. This study investigate the relationship between GBS, dengue, local meteorological factors in Hong Kong and global climatic factors from January 2000 to June 2016. Methods: The correlations between GBS, dengue, Multivariate El Nino Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) and local meteorological data were explored by the Spearman Rank correlations and cross-correlations between these time series. Poisson regression models were fitted to identify nonlinear associations between MEI and dengue. Cross wavelet analysis was applied to infer potential non-stationary oscillating associations among MEI, dengue and GBS. Findings : An increasing trend was found for both GBS cases and imported dengue cases in Hong Kong. We found a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between GBS and local meteorological factors. MEI explained over 12\% of dengue's variations from Poisson regression models. Wavelet analyses showed that there is possible non-stationary oscillating association between dengue and GBS from 2005 to 2015 in Hong Kong. Our study has led to an improved understanding of the timing and relationship between GBS, dengue and MEI., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

The 1918 influenza pandemic was characterized by multiple epidemic waves. We investigated into reactive social distancing, a form of behavioral responses, and its effect on the multiple influenza waves in the United Kingdom. Two forms of reactive social distancing have been used in previous studies: Power function, which is a function of the proportion of recent influenza mortality in a population, and Hill function, which is a function of the actual number of recent influenza mortality. Using a simple epidemic model with a Power function and one common set of parameters, we provided a good model fit for the observed multiple epidemic waves in London boroughs, Birmingham and Liverpool. Our approach is different from previous studies where separate models are fitted to each city. We then applied these model parameters obtained from fitting three cities to all 334 administrative units in England and Wales and including the population sizes of individual administrative units. We computed the Pearson's correlation between the observed and simulated data for each administrative unit. We achieved a median correlation of 0.636, indicating our model predictions perform reasonably well. Our modelling approach which requires reduced number of parameters resulted in computational efficiency gain without over-fitting the model. Our works have both scientific and public health significance., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures

The ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic poses a major global public health emergency. It is known that ZIKV is spread by \textit{Aedes} mosquitoes, recent studies show that ZIKV can also be transmitted via sexual contact and cases of sexually transmitted ZIKV have been confirmed in the U.S., France, and Italy. How sexual transmission affects the spread and control of ZIKV infection is not well-understood. We presented a mathematical model to investigate the impact of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission on spread and control of ZIKV and used the model to fit the ZIKV data in Brazil, Colombia, and El Salvador. Based on the estimated parameter values, we calculated the median and confidence interval of the basic reproduction number R0=2.055 (95% CI: 0.523-6.300), in which the distribution of the percentage of contribution by sexual transmission is 3.044 (95% CI: 0.123-45.73). Our study indicates that R0 is most sensitive to the biting rate and mortality rate of mosquitoes while sexual transmission increases the risk of infection and epidemic size and prolongs the outbreak. In order to prevent and control the transmission of ZIKV, it must be treated as not only a mosquito-borne disease but also a sexually transmitted disease.

We study the spatio-temporal patterns of the proportion of influenza B out of laboratory confirmations of both influenza A and B, with data from 139 countries and regions downloaded from the FluNet compiled by the World Health Organization, from January 2006 to October 2015, excluding 2009. We restricted our analysis to 34 countries that reported more than 2000 confirmations for each of types A and B over the study period. We find that Pearson's correlation is 0.669 between effective distance from Mexico and influenza B proportion among the countries from January 2006 to October 2015. In the United States, influenza B proportion in the pre-pandemic period (2003-2008) negatively correlated with that in the post-pandemic era (2010-2015) at the regional level. Our study limitations are the country-level variations in both surveillance methods and testing policies. Influenza B proportion displayed wide variations over the study period. Our findings suggest that even after excluding 2009's data, the influenza pandemic still has an evident impact on the relative burden of the two influenza types. Future studies could examine whether there are other additional factors. This study has potential implications in prioritizing public health control measures.