Search

The study aimed to identify an effective probiotic combination for the removal of deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat and corn, and to verify the detoxification effect of solid-state fermentation. The content of DON removed, adsorbed, and degraded by the selected strains was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that in the liquid matrix, the detoxification rate increased with the reaction time and was higher for Streptococcus pentosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum among all the bacteria. After 24 hours, the maximum detoxification rates of the individual strains reached 79.62%, 62.22%, and 82.75%, respectively. Measurement of DON content in different treatment solutions revealed that the removal of DON by the three strains was primarily due to adsorption, with a DON desorption rate of less than 15%. In the solid-state fermentation system, the highest detoxification rate of DON-contaminated wheat could reach 79.49%, when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 CFU/mL. The highest detoxification rates for DON- and zearalenone-contaminated corn achieved 61.54% and 78.15%, respectively, when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×106, 1×108 and 1×107 CFU/mL. In addition, the combined solid-state fermentation of the three strains increased the crude protein and reduced the crude fibre content of toxin-contaminated wheat and corn. This study identified compound probiotics that can efficiently remove DON in liquid substrates and solid-state fermentation systems, and preliminarily explored their detoxification mechanisms, which could provide a theoretical and practical basis for the detoxification of grains contaminated with mycotoxins through solid-state fermentation.

The shortage of high-quality protein feed resources has become an important variable affecting food security in China. Grain and oil processing by-products are abundant in China, but the feeding value is low. If these resources are processed through modern biotechnology, such as biofermentation, enzymolysis technology or synthetic biology, their quality and efficiency will be improved and can be used to replace the soybean meal. This paper summarized the production process, feed value and its application in soybean meal replacement of fermented feed, enzymolysis feed and microbial protein feed, and also introduced the research progress of microbial adsorption, degradation, or enzymes on removing mycotoxins, finally put forward the research prospect of development, industrialization application, standard establishment, and industry supervision for biological fermentation feed. This paper can provide guidance for the application of biotechnology in grain and oil feed resources.

Chinese authorities pay high attention to food saving and loss reduction work, and emphasize to take various measures to reduce food loss. The mycotoxin pollution in grain and feed has caused food loss and seriously threatens the health of humans and livestock. The physical, chemical and biological methods can detoxify mycotoxin and improve the utilization value of feed resources. Adsorption is a detoxification method by stably combining adsorbents and mycotoxins into complexes. The multiple modification of traditional adsorbents and the development of new adsorbent materials have significantly improved the adsorption effect. This article will review the types of mycotoxin adsorbents and the evaluation methods of its adsorption effects in grain and feed. The modified methods of mycotoxin adsorbents, such as aluminosilicates, carbon materials, organic polymers, bio-adsorbents and new materials, will be briefly introduced. Besides, the application of in vitro method, artificial gastrointestinal fluid parenteral simulation and animal experiment in the evaluation of efficacy and safety of mycotoxin adsorbents will be highlighted, which can provide references for the development, scientific application and analysis of adsorption mechanisms of mycotoxin adsorbents.

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grain and oil crops was always faced with the problem of fungal diseases.Fungi produce mycotoxin under certain conditions,which not only caused food waste,but also seriously endangered the health of human and animal.Physical,chemical and biological detoxification methods can remove some mycotoxin,but there were some problems to be considered,such as desorption,residual solvent and complex degradation product.In recent years,the photocatalytic technology had achieved great process in degradation of mycotoxin.In this work,the latest progress of photocatalysis technology in mycotoxin degradation in grain and oil was briefly summarized which providing a reference for further understanding the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation and promoting the application of photocatalytic mycotoxin degradation in grain and oil crops.

This article combines the finite element simulation and experimental verification to study the effect of laser power and scanning velocity on the temperature distribution, and the size of molten pool during selective laser melting, through simulating the laser reciprocating scanning and transformation between powder material and solidified alloy during SLM. A temperature dependent thermal-mechanical properties of materials is considered, which includes the properties conversion between powder layer and solidified alloy. By presenting a comprehensive parameter of laser heat input-laser line energy density, the effect of line energy density on molten pool in Inconel 718 alloy is summarized, and the size of molten pool can be predicted. The results indicate that temperature field isotherm distribution presents as ellipsoid with the effect of moving laser, and in addition, ellipsoid shifts to solidified alloy layer. Within the scope of the study parameters, the laser line energy density and the size of molten pool during the deformation exhibit linear growth relationship. Furthermore, several Inconel 718 alloy specimens in different laser input conditions were produced using SLM equipments, in order to verify the simulated molten pool size. The result shows that experimental measurements are in good agreement with the model predictions.

Unconventional protein feed resources in China are abundant, primarily including cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal have high protein content, but the presence of various anti-nutritional factors, such as free gossypol, thioglucosides, and phytic acid. They not only affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in animals but can also lead to metabolic diseases, limiting their widespread application in livestock and poultry feed. Methods for removing anti-nutritional factors mainly include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Among them, microbial fermentation utilizes specific metabolic pathways and metabolites of microorganisms to decompose anti-nutritional factors. This method effectively degrades and transforms the anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal, improving their digestibility and palatability and enhancing their nutritional value as feed. The article primarily reviews the toxic effects and removal methods of the main anti-nutritional factors in cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal, as well as the application effects of microbial fermentation of these meals in animal production. The aim is to provide reference information for improving the quality and efficiency of livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the direct use of corn as energy feed, about 30% of the annual output is used to produce corn starch, sugar and ethanol and other deep processing products in China, while producing corn husk, corn pulp, corn embryo meal, corn protein meal, DDGS and other by-products. These by-products generally have problems such as high crude fiber content, low available energy, mycotoxin pollution, etc. If the quality and efficiency of these by-products are improved by processing technology, their feeding value can be significantly improved. In the paper, the nutritional characteristics, value-added processing and utilization technology of corn processing by-products and their application in animal production are reviewed, which can provide reference for the effective improvement of feed value, and also have important significance for alleviating the contradiction of feed resource shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a fascinating group of natural products that exhibit diverse structural features and bioactivities. P450-catalyzed RiPPs stand out as a unique but underexplored family. Herein, we introduce a rule-based genome mining strategy that harnesses the intrinsic biosynthetic principles of RiPPs, including the co-occurrence and co-conservation of precursors and P450s and interactions between them, successfully facilitating the identification of diverse P450-catalyzed RiPPs. Intensive BGC characterization revealed four new P450s, KstB, ScnB, MciB, and SgrB, that can catalyze the formation of Trp-Trp-Tyr (one C-C and two C-N bonds), Tyr-Trp (C-C bond), Trp-Trp (C-N bond), and His-His (ether bond) crosslinks, respectively, within three or four residues. KstB, ScnB, and MciB could accept non-native precursors, suggesting they could be promising starting templates for bioengineering to construct macrocycles. Our study highlights the potential of P450s to expand the chemical diversity of strained macrocyclic peptides and the range of biocatalytic tools available for peptide macrocyclization., (© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)