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Background: Food insecurity prevails in people at all phases of their life course and causes remarkable health, social, and financial repercussions. In Sarawak state, Malaysia, information regarding household food insecurity is limited. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of household food insecurity, together with its predictors and coping strategies among the Sarawak indigenous communities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 953 Indigenous households (women) located in six districts throughout Sarawak using multistage sampling. Interviewer-administrated questionnaires were used. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were employed to draw inferences. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 42.2%. Large household size (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =1.57 [1.04–2.45]), hardcore poor (AOR = 12.26 [5.07–29.65]), and absolute poor families (AOR = 3.01 [1.76–5.15]), recipient of financial assistance (AOR = 1.94 [1.27, 2.96]), no savings (AOR = 1.63 [1.08–2.46]), increased resource loss (AOR = 1.004 [1.001–1.008]), and employment of coping strategies (AOR = 3.78 [2.50–5.72]) were significantly related to a higher risk of household food insecurity. High level of perceived social support (AOR = 0.73 [0.58–0.93]), optimism (AOR = 0.91 [0.86–0.96]), and general perceived self-efficacy (AOR = 0.88 [0.85–0.91]) among respondents were protective against household food insecurity. Conclusion: Nearly half of the Indigenous households faced food insecurity in the current study. The findings suggest that incessant effort by pertinent stakeholders is warranted via diverse strategies to enhance the socioeconomic status and nutrition intervention programs that incorporate components of perceived social support, optimism, and perceived general self-efficacy to mitigate the level of food insecurity among the Sarawak Indigenous communities.

Abstract This paper investigates the role of digitalization in enhancing wastewater treatment processes, emphasizing its potential to optimize resource utilization, reduce energy consumption, and improve water quality. By examining the implementation of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML), the study demonstrates how these tools enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and intelligent decision-making in wastewater treatment operations. The paper provides a comparative analysis based on key performance indicators (MAPE, RMSE, R 2 ) to evaluate the effectiveness of these digital solutions. Additionally, it discusses the benefits and challenges associated with integrating digital tools in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), including cost, complexity, and data security concerns. The study also addresses the impact of digitalization on carbon neutrality goals, highlighting how data-driven approaches can enhance resource allocation and management. By offering insights into current practices and future directions, this paper aims to contribute to the advancement of sustainable wastewater treatment and support the achievement of UN SDG#6, ensuring clean water and sanitation for all.

In this study, we successfully synthesized a pyrazole derivative, specifically 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol substituted pyrazole (CHP), through the reaction of Grignard reagents in combination with pyrazole. This newly synthesized molecule was subjected to a comprehensive evaluation for both its photophysical and biological applications. Notably, CHP exhibited promising invitro antifungal and antibacterial activities, primarily attributed to the presence of the 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol moiety and resulting component contributed to an enhanced absorption rate of lipids, thereby improving the pharmacological activity of CHP. This correlation between structure and function was further supported by the outcomes of structure-activity relationship studies. Additionally, we conducted in silico studies to examine the molecular interactions of the synthesized molecule with key proteins, including DNA Gyrase, Lanosterol 14 α-demethylase, and KEAP1-NRF2. The results unveiled robust binding interactions at specific sites within these proteins, indicating potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds were thoroughly investigated using the ab-initio technique. This involved the determination of ground state optimization and HOMO-LUMO energy levels, all calculated with the DFT-B3LYP-6-31G(d) basis set. The assessment of the theoretically estimated HOMO-LUMO value provided insights into the global chemical reactivity descriptors, revealing that the synthesized molecule boasts a highly electronegative and electrophilic index. Taken together, our findings suggest that pyrazole derivatives with 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol substitutions exhibit promising applications in both photophysical and biological contexts.

C26H27BN4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 38.716(3) Å, b = 9.2723(6) Å, c = 27.3977(18) Å, β = 113.4790(10)°, V = 9021.1(11) Å3, Z = 16, Rgt (F) = 0.0520, wRref (F 2) = 0.1440, T = 100 K.

C25H29BN2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.1591(3) Å, b = 13.9362(3) Å, c = 13.0463(3) Å, β = 112.066(3)°, V = 2217.29(10) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0419, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1068, T = 150 K.

The regenerative ABS is developed to avoid slip and to regenerate energy using two types of braking: friction and motor. This paper discusses the experimental results of combining the two types of braking which are applied to a quarter-electric vehicle model. The control algorithm is developed using sliding mode control (SMC), where continuous action is performed to produce motor braking torque while discrete action is performed to produce hydraulic braking torque (friction). Furthermore, the proposed control system also implements control coordination to distribute braking torque, enhances the occurrence of the non-slip process, and generates energy for vehicle batteries. From the experimental results, it is concluded that the slip ratio value can be used to obtain the optimum conditions for the braking process, where the hydraulic torque as the cause of the slip, is limited through the braking distribution algorithm. The proposed control system produces a response with a brake speed of 2 m/s and a 3.39% increase in battery SOC.

Abstract Introduction Although COVID-19 has entered the endemic phase, individuals infected with COVID-19 are required to adhere to home quarantine measures. By exploring the public’s knowledge and attitude towards recommended home quarantine measures, their readiness in containing potential COVID-19 outbreak can be determined. This study aimed to assess the public knowledge and attitude towards home quarantine instructions and their association with history of COVID-19 infections. Methods This was a web-based cross-sectional study conducted among the public in Malaysia between August to October 2022. All Malaysian adults over 18 years of age were included. Knowledge on home quarantine instructions and COVID-19 warning signs were measured using “True,” “False,” or “I’m not sure”, while attitude towards home quarantine instructions was measured using a five-point Likert Scale. The questionnaire was initially constructed in English and then translated into the national language, Bahasa Malaysia. Face and content validation were performed. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory. Results 1,036 respondents were analyzed, comprised mostly of females (743, 71.6%) with a history of COVID-19 (673, 64.9%). In the knowledge domain, more than 80% of the respondents answered 9 out of 11 home quarantine instructions statements correctly. 457 (44.1%) were unaware or unsure about the minimum distance of the infected individual’s bed from the rest of the occupants in a shared bedroom. The respondents reported relatively weaker knowledge in identifying uncommon warning signs of COVID-19 deterioration, including anuria (162, 44.5%), ingestion problems (191, 52.5%), and immobility (195, 53.6%). In the attitude domain, more than 90% of respondents answered correctly in 8 out of 9 questions. Respondents with a previous history of COVID-19 infections had better knowledge than COVID-19 infection-naïve individuals towards both home quarantine instructions and COVID-19 warning signs. Conclusion Most respondents had good knowledge and attitude towards home quarantine instructions, with those previously infected with COVID-19 showing greater awareness of uncommon warning signs. However, there was a notable lack of awareness regarding physical distancing within shared rooms, appropriate disinfectant use and mobility limitation within the household. This study highlights the knowledge gaps to be improved in future educational campaigns.

Iyus Yosep,1 Suryani Suryani,1 Henny Suzana Mediani,2 Ai Mardhiyah,2 Indra Maulana,1 Taty Hernawaty,1 Helmy Hazmi3 1Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Iyus Yosep, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, J l. Raya Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +6281394665577, Fax +62287793411, Email iyus.yosep@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Bullying is a global problem in adolescents which has increased every year. One of the factors in the occurrence of bullying is the ability of interpersonal skills. This ability can build good relationships with assertive between adolescents and can prevent bullying. The purpose of this study is to describe assertiveness therapy for reducing bullying behavior and its impacts among adolescents. The method used in this study is scoping review. The search strategy used is PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews through three databases namely PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The authors used inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria in the selection of articles. The major keywords used in the article search were bullying, assertiveness therapy, and adolescents. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative. The results showed that there were 10 articles that discussed assertive therapy. All articles show that assertiveness therapy can reduce bullying behavior and its impact significantly, such as reducing the impact of anxiety and increasing self-esteem. Assertiveness therapy methods carried out in the form of education, games, and role play. Education is carried out online and offline. Educational media is provided directly and through media such as educational videos which can be accessed at any time. Gender and cultural approaches are important aspects in the implementation of assertive therapy. Assertive therapy can improve interpersonal skills, social skills, empathy and assertiveness so that it can reduce bullying behavior and its impacts in adolescents. Then, this data becomes the basis for nurses to carry out assertive therapy as an effort to prevent and reduce bullying behavior in adolescents.Keywords: adolescents, assertiveness, bullying, impacts

Introduction: Many countries have introduced a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages hoping for controlling the soft drinks consumption to reduce the adverse health effects such as obesity and diabetes. This study aimed to review the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages taxation on soft drinks' consumption through increase in the price of the beverages after taxation. Methodos: A systematic search related to articles on soda tax impact on soft drink consumption was conducted by using PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Scopus databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis flow checklist was used as a guide to search for the eligible articles. Results: Overall, there were a total of fifteen eligible articles included in this systematic review. All studies showed that an increase in SSB prices will cause a reduction in its demand, which ranges from 1.16% to 40.93%. The highest soft drinks consumption reduction occurred among the population who had a high intake of soft drinks before the introduction of the soda tax implementation. This review showed that both specific excise taxes and ad valorem taxes implementation showed significant reduction in soda consumption. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that fiscal intervention such as a soda tax could improve population’s behaviour towards unhealthy sugary beverage intake.

AbstractThe raised awareness of women’s rights has resulted in their significant contribution to economic and societal advancement in the contemporary global paradigm. The promotion of female empowerment by various corporations has led to the emergence of femvertising as a significant trend in the media. The current research attempts to empirically examine the relationship between the message involvement of consumers and their attitude towards femvertising. The present study further investigates the potential mediating role of gratitude in the relationship between message involvement and attitude towards femvertising among consumers. Moreover, this study provides additional evidence supporting the notion that gratitude serves as a mediator in the association between feminist consciousness and attitude towards femvertising. In addition, the moderating influence of personality traits, specifically extraversion and agreeableness, on the indirect association between message involvement/feminist consciousness and attitude towards femvertising through the mediating mechanism of gratitude has been tested. The data collection process involved the utilization of a survey instrument, while the hypotheses were subjected to testing through the use of PROCESS macros for SPSS.

Fundamental movement skills (FMS)-oriented school-based intervention allows children to be more competent and interested to participate in a wider range of physical activities. This study aimed to determine the physical activity and fundamental motor skills outcome from a school-based intervention programme among rural pre-schoolers in Kuching. It used a quasi-experimental non-randomised design with a total of 153 children from 9 government kindergartens. For physical activity level, there was a significant difference between the intervention and control group at the 3 months, F (1, 151) = 3.90, p = 0.05, with a [eta][superscript 2] = 0.025 and 6 months-time duration, F (1, 151) = 55.70, p < 0.001, with a [eta][superscript 2] = 0.27. The same pattern of interaction effect (time * group) was also found in gross motor skill, F (2, 150) = 80.9, p < 0.001, [eta][superscript 2] = 0.52, where the mean score in intervention group was greater than in control group. It is important to understand in depth each of the skills components involved in locomotor and object control and also its differences between the boys and girls, as it can help in planning of the module of an intervention programme. Object control skills have higher predictive value in engaging in wider range of PA which could be the possible reason why boys are more active than girls.

Pineapple mealybugs are responsible for the emergence of pineapple wilt disease and the subsequent transmission of the pineapple disease virus. This study aimed to evaluate the alternate host plants as potential trap crops for pineapple mealybug. A total of nine host plant species, banana, pumpkin, roselle, hibiscus, ground fig, okra, java grass, goose grass and rhodes grass were selected for the study. Thirty adult females of pineapple mealybug were reared on a pumpkin for two months. Three replicates of a plot (area covered with black netting measuring 3 m × 3 m) were set up. Nine host plant species, approximately 2–3 feet in a 16 inch × 16 inch polybag were arranged in a circle around the pumpkin. The effectiveness of the host plant species was determined by calculating the infestation of each plant species for six months (with two-week observations). Our findings revealed that the pineapple mealybug prefers banana with the greatest mean and SD value (621.7±172.7), followed by pumpkin (237.0±45.6) and the lowest one is rhodes grass (2.00±26.5). ANOVA results show that there is a significant difference between host plant species (F-value of 26.87 and a P-value < 0.00). The observations suggest that banana has the potential to be utilized as trap crops for pineapple mealybug, and can be considered in IPM strategy to control pineapple mealybug.

This research paper aimed at investigating translation shifts in two Arabic translations of Gibran’s The Prophet, using Leuven-Zwart’s comparative and descriptive model. The main objective of this paper was to identify the micro structural shifts that induced shifts on the macro structural level and to analyze their consequences on the general meaning of the original text with an attempt to explore the potential factors behind them. In this respect, it followed an analytical, descriptive and comparative methodology, analyzing (23) examples taken from the source text (ST) and its target texts (TTs). In spite of the relatively limited sample, it offered valuable insights into the crucial importance of having sufficient knowledge about the author’s philosophy, high proficiency in the TL, and adequate determination of translation purpose upon the original text’s purpose. The findings revealed, through many occasions, that unlike Naimy, Bashir’s having no close friendship with Gibran and also no appropriate competency in the target language (TL) led him making big macro shifts. Most importantly, the findings also confirmed in some occasions that they both took the translation purpose differently with a view to create an impact on determined target readers and thus adversely affecting the macro message and purpose of the original text as a whole.

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على مستوى قلق المستقبل لدى طلبة كلية الآداب-جامعة صنعاء، بالإضافة إلى معرفة طبيعة الفروق في مستوى قلق المستقبل لديهم تبعاً لمتغير (الجنس، المستوى الدراسي)، وتبنى الباحث مقياس قلق المستقبل (من اعداد فضيلة السبعاوي)، حيث طبق على عينة عشوائية طبقية مكونة من ( 200 ) طالب وطالبة، وأظهرت نتائج البحث أن قلق المستقبل لدى طلبة كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بجامعة صنعاء، يتوزع في ثلاثة مستويات هي: المستوى المتوسط، بنسبة (50%)، المستوى المنخفض، بنسبة (45%)، المستوى المرتفع، بنسبة (5%)، وأظهرت النتائج أنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلاله إحصائية في مستوى قلق المستقبل لدى طلبة كلية الآداب جامعة صنعاء تبعاً لمتغير (الجنس، المستوى الدراسي)، كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق في متوسطات مجالات المقياس، تشير إلى ان طلبة كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية-جامعة صنعاء، من الجنسين لديهم قلق نحو المستقبل بمستوى متقارب (المتوسط ودون المتوسط).

Southeast Asia is vulnerable to climate change with over half of its population already being impacted by drought, flooding, and rise in sea levels recently. This work reviews the current water resource challenges in Indonesia, prone to the rising impacts of climate change. A baseline assessment of Indonesia's water and drinking water resources related to its original sources is presented. In response to a growing concern over chronic challenges that undermine water supply nationwide, this study analyses drinking water safety supervision. To accomplish this, a literature survey (100 studies published during the 2000–2023 period) was performed to identify regional groundwater resources sustainability and water security issues. Among the main findings of this study, only 10% of rainfall infiltrates to the groundwater, while 70% of its rivers are heavily polluted by domestic waste. During the study period, water availability decreased to 1,200 m3/year in 2020, with only 35% of the resources being economically feasible for reuse. The water supply deficit in Indonesia was estimated to be 5.5 hm3/year with roughly 67% of the population's water demand satisfied in 2021. Although this deficit might be fulfilled with private vendors, water supply/demand forecasts in 2030 suggest that the gap could not be closed by increasing water supply. HIGHLIGHTS About 70% of rivers in Indonesia were heavily polluted by domestic waste.; Water availability decreased to 1,200 m3/year in 2020.; Only 35% of the water is economically feasible to be reused.; Only 67% of the water demand was supplied in 2021.; Only 10% of rainfall infiltrates the underlying groundwater.;

Background: Physical inactivity is a significant public health issue affecting working adults because it can increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Objectives: The objective is to determine the outcomes of a multi-component workplace environmental intervention that incorporated physical activity self-regulation (PASR) to promote physical activity (PA) among employees. Materials and Methods: This was a 6-month intervention with a two-group, parallel, quasi-experimental study. A total of 11 workplaces were randomly assigned to intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) using a 1:1 allocation ratio. In each group, 84 eligible participants were recruited. The IG was exposed to the organizational support and the PA support components throughout the study. The PASR Scale, International PA Questionnaire, and pedometer were used to measure the outcome at the baseline, 3rd-month, and 6th-month follow-ups, respectively. The repeated measures-analysis of variance analysis was used to determine the changes in the PASR skills, MET-min/week, and step/week over time. Results: The IG had 75 participants (51 females and 24 males) and the CG had 73 participants (52 females and 21 males) at the 6th-month follow-up. Despite there was no statistically significant difference in the outcomes between groups over time, the IG showed significant improvements in total PASR (ηp2 = 0.021), goal setting (ηp2 = 0.024), total MET-min/week (ηp2 = 0.031), housework-related PA (ηp2 = 0.101), and step/week (ηp2 = 0.827) throughout this intervention. Conclusion: This intervention was found to be effective in improving the PASR skills, MET-min/week, and step/week of IG participants. Meanwhile, because some effect sizes were small, these findings should be interpreted with caution.

Karimun Jawa Island is a promising maritime asset, enriched by abundant water resources in Central Java. However, the allure of this location poses a potential threat to the sustainable ecosystems of marine biota unless prompt government action is taken to safeguard its underwater cultural heritage. This research proposes a comprehensive policy design for legal protection and ecotourism development in Karimun Jawa, balancing economic considerations and environmental preservation. Employing a socio-legal methodology encompassing interviews, observation, and focus group discussions, the study identifies substantial challenges in managing underwater cultural heritage in Karimun Jawa. These challenges encompass over-exploitation, shipwreck theft, damage from trawlers, natural disasters, and plastic pollution. The research underscores the imperative for the government to formulate measures ensuring legal protection on international, national, and regional fronts. At the global level, immediate ratification of the Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001 is recommended. Moreover, effective collaboration among stakeholders—central and regional governments, local communities, and maritime enterprises—is deemed crucial for sustainable, culturally informed policy formulation fostering responsible management, utilization, and protection of this unique marine heritage.

This research investigates the inclination of economically disadvantaged households in East Java, Indonesia, towards microtakaful adoption, utilizing an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Analyzing data from 304 respondents through online and face-to-face surveys, the study reveals a significant demand for microtakaful among low-income households. Behavioral intention is positively influenced by factors such as attitude, subjective norms, price, and knowledge, with price being the most critical determinant. Notably, a substantial number of respondents from low-income backgrounds express positive intention toward microtakaful. The study underscores the importance of microtakaful providers raising awareness, offering affordable structures, and highlighting microtakaful's value as a risk management tool. By employing an advanced TPB model, this research offers profound insights into the perceptions and behavioral tendencies of East Java's low-income households regarding microtakaful. The findings suggest actionable strategies for providers to enhance outreach and participation among this vulnerable group, contributing to improved financial inclusion and resilience.

The purpose of this study is to observe students' reflection towards the integration of Tawhidic Science at the program "Kem Pandang Alam", at Tanjung Tuan Wildlife Reserve and several other locations nearby Tanjung Tuan, Teluk Kemang and Si Rusa, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia. The respondents of this study were 32 students from tahfiz schools and tahfiz science schools (15 boys and 17 girls). These students were exclusively selected candidates from their respective schools. Data were analysed based on constant comparative analysis. The finding reveals that there were seven themes including greatness of God's knowledge; nature as the source of knowledge, education and lesson; improvement of faith; self-development, the formation of identity, the increase of awareness, and the closer of social relations. The implication of this study is to expose these students the importance of the integration of Tawhidic Science where science and religion are inseparable from everyday life.

تناولت الدراسة تاريخ إنشاء العقود والأقواس المعمارية وتطورها، والكشف عن القيم الجمالية لهم في العمارة الإسلامية والاستفادة منه في تشكيل وتصميم الأثاث واستخراج قطع جديده بتشكيلات فنية مستلهمه من العقود والأقواس المعمارية الإسلامية يواكب الأثاث المعاصر بالهوية الاسلامية. اتبعت الدراسة منهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج التجريبي، و من أهم نتائج البحث: يمكن الاستفادة من القيم الجمالية للعقود والأقواس المعمارية الاسلامية في تشكيل وتصميم اثاث معاصر يواكب التطورات الحديثة وفتح افاق جديد ورؤية ابتكارية في مجال تصميم الأثاث. الاستلهام من الشكل البنائي للأقواس والعقود المعمارية الإسلامية في تصميم وتشكيل الأثاث المعاصر يؤكد الهوية الإسلامية ويعززها في ظل التطورات الجامحة في مجال تصميم الأثاث المعاصر، ومن اهم توصيات البحث: حث المختصين والباحثين في مجال التصميم على دراسة العناصر المعمارية الإسلامية لما فيها ثروات فنية تساهم في فتح افاق الابتكار والابداع التصميمي في مجال تصميم الأثاث، وتعزيز المكاتب العلمية والمعرفية بدراسات تصميم الأثاث الإسلامي المعاصر الذي يواكب التطورات الحديثة.

Accurate and timely diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke in patients with acute dizziness is a challenge that can lead to misdiagnosis and significant harm. The present review sought to identify and describe published research on the clinical application of vHIT in posterior circulation stroke. vHIT, a portable device, has gained prominence in evaluating peripheral vestibular disorders and offers potential applications in diagnosing neurological disorders, particularly posterior circulation stroke. Several studies have shown that vHIT can differentiate between stroke and vestibular neuritis based on VOR gain values, with high sensitivity and specificity. The manuscript also discusses vHIT’s performance in differentiating between types of posterior circulation stroke, such as PICA, AICA, and SCA strokes. While vHIT has demonstrated promise, the review emphasizes the need for further research to validate its use as a tool to rule out stroke in acute dizziness patients in the emergency department. In conclusion, the manuscript underscores the potential of vHIT as a valuable addition to the diagnostic arsenal for acute dizziness, particularly in the context of posterior circulation stroke. It calls for further research and wider adoption of vHIT in clinical settings to improve patient care and reduce unnecessary costs associated with misdiagnoses.