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3. DNA Barcoding and Species Delimitation for Dogfish Sharks Belonging to the Squalus Genus (Squaliformes: Squalidae)

Author

Ariza, Ailton A., primary, Adachi, Aisni M. C. L., additional, Roque, Pollyana, additional, Hazin, Fabio H. V., additional, Vianna, Marcelo, additional, Rotundo, Matheus M., additional, Delpiani, Sergio M., additional, de Astarloa, Juan M. Díaz, additional, Delpiani, Gabriela, additional, Oliveira, Claudio, additional, Foresti, Fausto, additional, and Cruz, Vanessa P., additional

Published
2022
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4. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gonzalez Cano, Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J. Jr., Norman, Bradley M., Penaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramirez-Macias, Deni, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood, Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gonzalez Cano, Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J. Jr., Norman, Bradley M., Penaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramirez-Macias, Deni, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood, Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Womersley, F. C., Humphries, N. E., Queiroz, N., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Furtado, M., Tyminski, J. P., Abrantes, K., Araujo, G., Bach, S. S., Barnett, A., Berumen, M. L., Bessudo Lion, S., Braun, C. D., Clingham, E., Cochran, J. E. M., de la Parra, R., Diamant, S., Dove, A. D. M., Dudgeon, C. L., Erdmann, M. V., Espinoza, E., Fitzpatrick, R., González Cano, J., Green, J. R., Guzman, H. M., Hardenstine, R., Hasan, A., Hazin, F. H. V., Hearn, A. R., Hueter, R. E., Jaidah, M. Y., Labaja, J., Ladinol, F., Macena, B. C. L., Morris Jr., J. J., Norman, B. M., Peñaherrera-Palmav, C., Pierce, S. J., Quintero, L. M., Ramırez-Macías, D., Reynolds, S. D., Richardson, A. J., Robinson, D. P., Rohner, C. A., Rowat, D. R. L., Sheaves, M., Shivji, M. S., Sianipar, A. B., Skomal, G. B., Soler, G., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S. R., Webb, D. H., Wetherbee, B. M., White, T. D., Clavelle, T., Kroodsma, D. A., Thums, M., Ferreira, L. C., Meekan, M. G., Arrowsmith, L. M., Lester, E. K., Meyers, M. M., Peel, L. R., Sequeira, A. M. M., Eguıluz, V. M., Duarte, C. M., & Sims, D. W. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(20), (2022): e2117440119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119., Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic., Funding for data analysis was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through a University of Southampton INSPIRE DTP PhD Studentship to F.C.W. Additional funding for data analysis was provided by NERC Discovery Science (NE/R00997/X/1) and the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2019 883583 OCEAN DEOXYFISH) to D.W.S., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/BIA/28855/2017 and COMPETE POCI-01–0145-FEDER-028855, and MARINFO–NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000031 (funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program [NORTE2020] under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund–ERDF) to N.Q. FCT also supported N.Q. (CEECIND/02857/2018) and M.V. (PTDC/BIA-COM/28855/2017). D.W.S. was supported by a Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship. All tagging procedures were approved by institutional ethical review bodies and complied with all relevant ethical regulations in the jurisdictions in which they were performed. Details for individual research teams are given in SI Appendix, section 8. Full acknowledgments for tagging and field research are given in SI Appendix, section 7. This research is part of the Global Shark Movement Project (https://www.globalsharkmovement.org).

Published
2022

5. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, Antonio M, Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuna-marrero, David, Afonso, Andre S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Devia Cortes, Daniel, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Daly, Clare A. Keating, Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., Macdonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, Mcallister, Jaime D., Meyer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Penaherrera-palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Maria Quintero, Lina, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zarate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., Sims, David W., Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, Antonio M, Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuna-marrero, David, Afonso, Andre S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Devia Cortes, Daniel, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Daly, Clare A. Keating, Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., Macdonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, Mcallister, Jaime D., Meyer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Penaherrera-palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Maria Quintero, Lina, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zarate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Published
2021
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6. Fish biodiversity of Saint Peter and Saint Paulʼs Archipelago , Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, Brazil: new records and a species database

Author

Pinheiro, Hudson T., primary, Macena, Bruno C. L., additional, Francini‐Filho, Ronaldo B., additional, Ferreira, Carlos E. L., additional, Albuquerque, Fernanda V., additional, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., additional, Carvalho‐Filho, Alfredo, additional, Ferreira, Romulo C. P., additional, Luiz, Osmar J., additional, Mello, Thayna J., additional, Mendonça, Sibele A., additional, Nunes, Diogo M., additional, Pimentel, Caio R., additional, Pires, Alessandra M. A., additional, Soares‐Gomes, Abilio, additional, Viana, Danielle L., additional, Hazin, Fabio H. V., additional, and Rocha, Luiz A., additional

Published
2020
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7. Review of the Brazilian species of Physiculus (Gadiformes: Moridae), with description of a new species from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, equatorial Atlantic

Author

Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, Rômulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo, and Hazin, Fabio H. V.

Subjects
Gadiformes, Actinopterygii, Moridae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Chordata, Taxonomy
Abstract

Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, Rômulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo, Hazin, Fabio H. V. (2019): Review of the Brazilian species of Physiculus (Gadiformes: Moridae), with description of a new species from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, equatorial Atlantic. Zootaxa 4671 (1): 67-80, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.1.5

Published
2019

8. Physiculus fulvus Bean 1884

Author

Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, Rômulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo, and Hazin, Fabio H. V.

Subjects
Gadiformes, Actinopterygii, Moridae, Physiculus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Physiculus fulvus, Chordata, Taxonomy
Abstract

Physiculus fulvus Bean, 1884 Tables 2 and 3. Diagnosis. This species differs from all other Atlantic species of the genus in having relatively large scales in longitudinal series (70���84 vs. 90���189), according to Paulin (1989, 1990), Trunov (1991), Anderson & Tweddle (2002), our examination of vouchers of this species, and of the new species herein described. Brief Description. Light organ moderately large 7.5���13.2% InV-af and placed midway between interventral line and anus; distance from interventral line to anterior margin of light organ 17.6���25.6% InV-af; distance from posterior margin of light organ to anterior margin of anus 21.1���24.5% InV-af; teeth subequal. Continuous tube of lateral line not reaching origin of second dorsal fin. No scales on vertical fin membranes, gular region, tip of snout, and around nostrils. Nostrils contiguous, each one in a short tube without a skin flap. Gill rakers moderately long, slender, 2���4 + 8���11. Upper jaw reaching below posterior margin of pupil. Orbit 24���28% in head length. Dorsal-fin rays 9���12, 57���61; anal-fin rays 59���68; pectoral-fin rays 21���26; scales in longitudinal series 70���84, scales between base of first dorsal fin and lateral line 6���7; vertebrae 47���50. Color of preserved specimens. Head and body pinkish tan to light yellowish brown; abdominal region bluish to purplish (often brown in long preserved specimens), with silvery tinge extending onto sides of body and head; axil of pectoral fin dark brown; margins of anal and dorsal fins dark brown to black; external border of lips and gular region dark brown; a dark brown blotch on sub-operculum; light organ dark brown to blackish. Maximum known size 133 mm SL. Distribution. Temperate and tropical western Atlantic Ocean, from southern Canada (43 o 16��N and 60 o 58��W) and Cape Cod (USA), to Rio Grande do Norte, in the ���hump��� of Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas and the Caribbean Sea. Depth range 68-800 m, usually bellow 100 m. (Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1898; Arai, 1983; Scott & Scott, 1988; Paulin, 1989; McEachran and Fechhelm, 1998; Klein-MacPhee, 2002; Iwamoto and Cohen, 2002; Oliveira et al., 2015; Moore et al., 2015., Published as part of Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, R��mulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo & Hazin, Fabio H. V., 2019, Review of the Brazilian species of Physiculus (Gadiformes: Moridae), with description of a new species from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, equatorial Atlantic, pp. 67-80 in Zootaxa 4671 (1) on pages 69-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3450252, {"references":["Bean, T. H. (1884) Descriptions of Physiculus fulvus and Lotella maxillaris, new species of fishes collected in 1881 by the United States Fish Commission. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 7 (429), 240 - 242.","Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16, 39 - 113.","Paulin, C. D. & Matallanas, J. (1990) A new species of Physiculus (Pisces: Moridae) from the eastern central Atlantic. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (1), 137 - 139.","Trunov, I. A. (1991) Fishes of the Family Moridae from the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean (Genera Mora Risso and Physiculus Kaup. Journal of Ichthyology, 31 (6), 110 - 116.","Anderson, M. E. & Tweddle, D. (2002) A new species of Physiculus (Teleostei: Moridae) from the Southeastern Atlantic. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 50, 17 - 22.","Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. (1898) The Fishes of North and Middle America. A descriptive catalogue of the Species of fishlike vertebrates found in the waters of North America, North of the Isthmus of Panama. Smithsonian Institution Bulletin 47, Part III. United Sates National Museum, Washington, pp. 2547 - 2550.","Arai, T. (1983) Moridae. In Uyeno, T., Matsuura K, & Fujii, E. (Eds.), Fishes Trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. JA- MARC, pp. 203 - 205.","Scott, W. B. and Scott, M. G. (1988) Atlantic Fishes of Canada. University of Toronto Press, 731 pp.","McEachran, J. D. & Fechhelm, J. D. (1998) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, Vol. 1, Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes. University of Texas Press. 1112 pp.","Klein-MacPhee, G. (2002) Moridae. In Collette, B. B. & Klein-MacPhee, G. (Eds.) Bigelow and Schroeder's Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Third Edition, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp. 216.","Oliveira, J. E. L, Nobrega, M. F., Garcia Jr., J., Sampaio, C. L. S., Di Dario, F., Fischer, L. G. & Mincarone, M. M. (2015) Biodiversidade marinha da Bacia Potiguar / RN. Peixes do Talude Continental. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 55, 218 pp.","Moore, J. J. D., Polanco Fernandez, A. & Russell, B. (2015) Physiculus fulvus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2015 - 4. RLTS. T 190091 A 20341490. en"]}

Published
2019
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9. Physiculus karrerae Paulin 1989

Author

Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, R��mulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo, and Hazin, Fabio H. V.

Subjects
Gadiformes, Actinopterygii, Moridae, Physiculus, Animalia, Physiculus karrerae, Biodiversity, Chordata, Taxonomy
Abstract

Physiculus karrerae Paulin, 1989 Table 2 and 3. Diagnosis. This species differs from all other Atlantic species, except P. helenaensis, P. dalwigki and P. kaupi, by the smaller scales in longitudinal series and consequently larger number (134���160 vs.70���130). From P. helenaensis, which does not have the number of scales in longitudinal series known to date, it differs by the discontinuous lateral line (vs. continuous to posterior part of body). From P. dalwigki, which has 119���135 longitudinal series of scales, it differs by the greater distance of the light organ to interventral line (8.2���16.8 Inv-af vs. 0���2.4 Inv-af). And from P. kaupi, it differs by the absence of scales on vertical fins and gular region (vs. scales present on vertical fins and gular region), according to Paulin (1989, 1990), Trunov (1991), Shcherbachev (1993), Anderson & Tweddle (2002), and our examination of vouchers of this species, and of the new species herein described. Brief Description. Light organ large, 10.0���22.0% InV-af and placed closer to interventral line than anus; distance from interventral line to anterior margin of light organ 8.2���16.8% InV-af; distance from posterior margin of light organ to anterior margin of anus 13.3���17.6% InV-af; teeth subequal. Continuous tube of lateral line reaching beyond origin of second dorsal fin, almost to tenth second dorsal-fin ray. No scales on vertical fin membranes, gular region, tip of snout, and around nostrils. Nostrils contiguous, the anterior covered by a skin flap, the posterior open, oval, with a short anterior projection. Gill rakers long, slender, 1���3 + 7���9. Upper jaw reaching to below middle of the orbit; orbit 24���29% of head length. Dorsal-fin rays 7���8, 64���76; anal-fin rays 68���81; pectoral-fin rays 24���27; scales in longitudinal series 134���160; scales between base of first dorsal fin and lateral line 14���20; vertebrae 56���59. Color of preserved specimens: head and body brown, smaller specimens light pinkish tan on head and body; abdominal region bluish; gular region, branchiostegal membranes, lips, anterior margin of orbit, base of pectoral fin and tips of vertical fins dark brown; light organ dark brown to blackish. Color of fresh specimen: head and body uniform reddish brown; abdominal region dark bluish black often over whitish background; fins margins and lips dark brown; light organ dark brown to blackish. Maximum known size 274 mm SL. Distribution. Tropical Atlantic Ocean, from Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, off North Carolina, and Caribbean Sea to southern Brazil, and from Saint Helena Island, Tristan da Cunha Island, and Walvis Ridge (Eastern Atlantic). Depth range 50���800m, usually 200���500m, shallower (50���150m) waters of Tristan da Cunha (Paulin, 1989; Edwards, 1990; Trunov, 1991; Andrew et al., 1995; Iwamoto and Cohen, 2002; Smith-Vaniz et al., 1999)., Published as part of Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, R��mulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo & Hazin, Fabio H. V., 2019, Review of the Brazilian species of Physiculus (Gadiformes: Moridae), with description of a new species from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, equatorial Atlantic, pp. 67-80 in Zootaxa 4671 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3450252, {"references":["Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16, 39 - 113.","Paulin, C. D. & Matallanas, J. (1990) A new species of Physiculus (Pisces: Moridae) from the eastern central Atlantic. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (1), 137 - 139.","Trunov, I. A. (1991) Fishes of the Family Moridae from the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean (Genera Mora Risso and Physiculus Kaup. Journal of Ichthyology, 31 (6), 110 - 116.","Shcherbachev, Yu. N. (1993) Preliminary review of the genus Physiculus (Moridae, Gadiformes) in the Indian Ocean and adjacent waters of the South Atlantic. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P. P. Shirshova = Transactions of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 128, 147 - 178.","Anderson, M. E. & Tweddle, D. (2002) A new species of Physiculus (Teleostei: Moridae) from the Southeastern Atlantic. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 50, 17 - 22.","Edwards, A. (1990) Fish and Fisheries of Saint Helena Island. Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, 152 pp.","Andrew, T. G., Hectt, T., Heemstra, P. C & Lutjeharms, J. R. E. (1995) Fishes of the Tristan da Cunha Group and Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Ichthyological Bulletin, 63.","Smith-Vaniz, W. F. Collette, B. B. & Luckhurst, B. E. (1999) Fishes of Bermuda. History, Zoogeography, annotated checklist and identifications keys. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication, 4, 424 pp."]}

Published
2019
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10. Physiculus Kaup 1858

Author

Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, Rômulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo, and Hazin, Fabio H. V.

Subjects
Gadiformes, Actinopterygii, Moridae, Physiculus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Chordata, Taxonomy
Abstract

Genus Physiculus Kaup Physiculus Kaup, 1858: 88. Type species: Physiculus dalwigki Kaup, 1858: 88, by monotypy. The diagnosis and description of the genus follow Paulin (1989), Paulin & Matallanas (1990), Trunov (1991), and Shcherbachev (1993). Diagnosis. Morid fishes with ventral light organ in advance of anus; chin barbel present; vomerine teeth absent. Description. Morid fishes with elongated somewhat compressed body. Chin barbel present, eventually much reduced (as in P. microbarbata). Two dorsal and one anal fin of uniform height, separated from the caudal fin that is slightly rounded to rounded (the new species herein described has the posterior border of the caudal fin often rounded, as well as P. maslowskii). Snout broad, obtusely rounded, not projecting beyond mouth. Scales small, cycloid, covering entire body and head, extending or not onto snout, gular region, and fins. Ventral fins with outermost rays filamentous. Circular luminescent organ on midline of belly, connected to anus by a duct; this organ lies in body wall between ventral-fin bases and anus, it is externally obvious as a circular, scaleless, dermal fossa. Teeth in a brush-like band and variable: equal to sub-equal sized, or with outer ones slightly larger, or with distinct separation between larger and smaller teeth. No teeth on vomer., Published as part of Pires, Alessandra M. A., Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo, Ferreira, R��mulo C. P., Viana, Danielle, Nunes, Diogo & Hazin, Fabio H. V., 2019, Review of the Brazilian species of Physiculus (Gadiformes: Moridae), with description of a new species from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, equatorial Atlantic, pp. 67-80 in Zootaxa 4671 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3450252, {"references":["Kaup, L. J. (1858) Uebersicht der Familie Gadidae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 24 (1), 85 - 93.","Paulin, C. D. (1989) Review of the morid genera Gadella, Physiculus, and Salilota (Teleostei: Gadiformes) with descriptions of seven new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16, 39 - 113.","Paulin, C. D. & Matallanas, J. (1990) A new species of Physiculus (Pisces: Moridae) from the eastern central Atlantic. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17 (1), 137 - 139.","Trunov, I. A. (1991) Fishes of the Family Moridae from the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean (Genera Mora Risso and Physiculus Kaup. Journal of Ichthyology, 31 (6), 110 - 116.","Shcherbachev, Yu. N. (1993) Preliminary review of the genus Physiculus (Moridae, Gadiformes) in the Indian Ocean and adjacent waters of the South Atlantic. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P. P. Shirshova = Transactions of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 128, 147 - 178."]}

Published
2019
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12. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, Antonio M, Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuna-marrero, David, Afonso, Andre S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortes, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Jorgensen, Salvador J., Joyce, Warren, Daly, Clare A. Keating, Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., Macdonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, Mcallister, Jaime D., Mcauley, Rory, Meyer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Patterson, Toby A., Penaherrera-palma, Cesar, Pepperell, Julian G., Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Stevens, John D., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zarate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., Sims, David W., Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, Antonio M, Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuna-marrero, David, Afonso, Andre S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortes, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fabio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Jorgensen, Salvador J., Joyce, Warren, Daly, Clare A. Keating, Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., Macdonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, Mcallister, Jaime D., Mcauley, Rory, Meyer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Patterson, Toby A., Penaherrera-palma, Cesar, Pepperell, Julian G., Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Stevens, John D., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zarate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.

Published
2019
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14. Survivorship of species caught in a longline tuna fishery in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean.

Author

Nunes, Diogo M., Hazin, Fabio H. V., Branco-Nunes, Ilka S. L., Hazin, Humberto, Pacheco, José Carlos, Afonso, Andre S., Mourato, Bruno L., and Carvalho, Felipe C.

Subjects
*BYCATCHES, *TUNA fisheries, *SHELLFISH fisheries, *SMALL-scale fisheries, *PELAGIC fishes, *FISH mortality, *OCEAN, *LONGLINE fishing
Abstract

Longlines bearing "hook timers" (HTs) and alternating circle (15/0 and 17/0) and "J" (10/0) hooks were employed off the coast of Brazil to measure differences in fishing mortality associated with hook type and on-hook time between capture and boarding. A total of 431 HTs were activated, revealing a clear pattern of the increased mortality rate of fishes associated with increased on-hook time. Swordfish had high mortality rates, unlike blue sharks, which had low mortality rates regardless of hook type and the location in which the hook was transfixed. The six species of tunas and billfishes examined in this study showed a strong association between hooking location and the animal's release condition, with reduced mortality associated with individuals hooked externally. Results suggest that knowledge of factors affecting the survival of pelagic fishes caught in longline fisheries may enable the development and adoption of fishing methods to reduce mortality of longline bycatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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15. Structure and Genetic Variability of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, Determined Using Mitochondrial DNA

Author

Camargo, Samia M., Coelho, Rui, Chapman, Demian, Howey-Jordan, Lucy, Brooks, Edward J., Fernando, Daniel, Mendes, Natalia J., Hazin, Fabio H. V., Oliveira, Claudio, Santos, Miguel N., Foresti, Fausto, Mendonca, Fernando F., Camargo, Samia M., Coelho, Rui, Chapman, Demian, Howey-Jordan, Lucy, Brooks, Edward J., Fernando, Daniel, Mendes, Natalia J., Hazin, Fabio H. V., Oliveira, Claudio, Santos, Miguel N., Foresti, Fausto, and Mendonca, Fernando F.

Abstract

Information regarding population structure and genetic connectivity is an important contribution when establishing conservation strategies to manage threatened species. The oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, is a highly migratory, large-bodied, pelagic shark listed by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List as "vulnerable" throughout its range and "critically endangered" in the western north Atlantic. In 2014, the species was protected globally under Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), limiting and regulating trade. This study used partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region to determine the population genetic structure of oceanic whitetip sharks across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. 724 base pairs were obtained from 215 individuals that identifed nine polymorphic sites and defined 12 distinct haplotypes. Total nucleotide diversity (pi) was 0.0013 and haplotype diversity (h) was 0.5953. The Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) evidenced moderate levels of population structure (phi(ST) = 0.1039) with restricted gene flow between the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, and a strong relationship between the latter region and the Indian Ocean. Even though the oceanic whitetip is a highly migratory animal the results presented here show that their genetic variability is slightly below average of other pelagic sharks. Additionally, this study recommends that at least two populations in the Atlantic Ocean should be considered distinct (eastern and western Atlantic) and conservation efforts should be focused in areas with the greatest genetic diversity by environmental managers.

Published
2016
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16. Structure and Genetic Variability of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, Determined Using Mitochondrial DNA

Author

Camargo, Sâmia M., primary, Coelho, Rui, additional, Chapman, Demian, additional, Howey-Jordan, Lucy, additional, Brooks, Edward J., additional, Fernando, Daniel, additional, Mendes, Natalia J., additional, Hazin, Fabio H. V., additional, Oliveira, Claudio, additional, Santos, Miguel N., additional, Foresti, Fausto, additional, and Mendonça, Fernando F., additional

Published
2016
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17. Seasonal aggregation and diel activity by the sicklefin devil ray Mobula tarapacana off a small, equatorial outcrop of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge.

Author

Mendonça, Sibele A., Macena, Bruno C. L., Afonso, André S., and Hazin, Fabio H. V.

Subjects
FISH habitats, SICKLEFIN chub, OUTCROPS (Geology), SPECIES distribution
Abstract

The present study aimed to analyse occurrence patterns, relative abundance and habitat use by the sicklefin devil ray Mobula tarapacana in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), Brazil, located in the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Sampling was conducted between December 2008 and December 2012 by surface surveys and tagging with conventional tags and acoustic transmitters. Mobula tarapacana were sighted in the SPSPA year round but the highest frequency of occurrence was observed from January to June, probably due to greater food availability during this season. However, M. tarapacana might also use the area for reproductive purposes based on evidence of mating behaviour. The residency period of tagged rays measured by three autonomous acoustic receivers deployed around SPSPA spanned from 1 to 74 days with most of the detections occurring during daytime. These results suggest that the SPSPA could be an ecologically‐important aggregation area for M. tarapacana, possibly providing the species with a feeding or resting habitat while transiting in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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18. Histochemical study of the ovarian development of the blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi (Crustacea: Gecarcinidae)

Author

Shinozaki-Mendes, Renata A., Silva, José Roberto F., Souza, Leonardo P. de, and Hazin, Fabio H. V.

Subjects
Oocyte, Histology, Brachyura, Reproductive biology
Abstract

The reproductive tract of female Cardisoma guanhumi was macroscopically and microscopically described. The stages of sexual maturation were defined and related to gonad coloration and to the degree of development of the germ cells, including oogonia (diameter 14.17 0.97 mm), forming nests in the germ zone; pre-vitellogenic oocytes (PVO, 51.02 2.90 mm) of a basophilic nature, with one or two nucleoli; vitellogenic oocytes (VO, 110.93 7.04 mm) of acidophilic nature; mature oocytes (MO, 237.52 13.54 mm), revealing the chorion; and atretic oocytes (AO). Follicular cells were found close to germ cells. The following gonad development stages were identified: immature (translucent color, germ zone containing oogonia, and peripheral maturation zone with PVO); maturing (color ranging from yellow to dark brown; maturation zone with VO); mature (dark brown color; predominance of MO in maturation zone); spawning (dark brown or yellow color, containing oocytes in early atresia, stage observed in ovigerous females); and resting (translucent to yellow color, thick gonad wall, and residual AO).

Published
2012

22. Comparative population genetics and evolutionary history of two commonly misidentified billfishes of management and conservation concern.

Author

Bernard AM, Shivji MS, Prince ED, Hazin FH, Arocha F, Domingo A, and Feldheim KA

Subjects
Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Bayes Theorem, Conservation of Natural Resources, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Female, Genetic Speciation, Locus Control Region, Microsatellite Repeats, Population Density, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, Fishes genetics
Abstract

Background: Misidentifications between exploited species may lead to inaccuracies in population assessments, with potentially irreversible conservation ramifications if overexploitation of either species is occurring. A notable showcase is provided by the realization that the roundscale spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii), a recently validated species, has been historically misidentified as the morphologically very similar and severely overfished white marlin (Kajikia albida) (IUCN listing: Vulnerable). In effect, no information exists on the population status and evolutionary history of the enigmatic roundscale spearfish, a large, highly vagile and broadly distributed pelagic species. We provide the first population genetic evaluation of the roundscale spearfish, utilizing nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence markers. Furthermore, we re-evaluated existing white marlin mitochondrial genetic data and present our findings in a comparative context to the roundscale spearfish., Results: Microsatellite and mitochondrial (control region) DNA markers provided mixed evidence for roundscale spearfish population differentiation between the western north and south Atlantic regions, depending on marker-statistical analysis combination used. Mitochondrial DNA analyses provided strong signals of historical population growth for both white marlin and roundscale spearfish, but higher genetic diversity and effective female population size (1.5-1.9X) for white marlin., Conclusions: The equivocal indications of roundscale spearfish population structure, combined with a smaller effective female population size compared to the white marlin, already a species of concern, suggests that a species-specific and precautionary management strategy recognizing two management units is prudent for this newly validated billfish.

Published
2014
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