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1. Lipid Profiles, Inflammatory Markers, and Insulin Therapy in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes

Author

McKay, S., Haymond, M., Anderson, B., Bush, C., Gunn, S., Holden, H., Jones, S.M., Jeha, G., McGirk, S., Thamotharan, S., Cuttler, L., Abrams, E., Casey, T., Dahms, W., Ievers-Landis, C., Kaminski, B., Koontz, M., MacLeish, S., McGuigan, P., Narasimhan, S., Geffner, M., Barraza, V., Chang, N., Conrad, B., Dreimane, D., Estrada, S., Fisher, L., Fleury-Milfort, E., Hernandez, S., Hollen, B., Kaufman, F., Law, E., Mansilla, V., Miller, D., Muñoz, C., Ortiz, R., Ward, A., Wexler, K., Xu, Y.K., Yasuda, P., Berkowitz, R., Boyd, S., Johnson, B., Kaplan, J., Keating, C., Lassiter, C., Lipman, T., McGinley, G., McKnight, H., Schwartzman, B., Willi, S., Arslanian, S., Foster, S., Galvin, B., Hannon, T., Kriska, A., Marcus, M., Songer, T., Venditti, E., Goland, R., Gallagher, D., Kringas, P., Leibel, N., Ng, D., Ovalles, M., Seidman, D., Laffel, L., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Hall, M., Higgins, L., Keady, J., Malloy, M., Milaszewski, K., Rasbach, L., Nathan, D.M., Angelescu, A., Bissett, L., Ciccarelli, C., Delahanty, L., Goldman, V., Hardy, O., Larkin, M., Levitsky, L., McEachern, R., Norman, D., Nwosu, D., Park-Bennett, S., Richards, D., Sherry, N., Steiner, B., Tollefsen, S., Carnes, S., Dempsher, D., Flomo, D., Whelan, T., Wolff, B., Bowerman, D., Bristol, S., Bulger, J., Hartsig, J., Izquierdo, R., Kearns, J., Saletsky, R., Trief, P., Zeitler, P., Abramson, N., Bradhurst, A., Celona-Jacobs, N., Higgins, J., Kelsey, M., Klingensmith, G., Witten, T., Copeland, K., Boss, E., Brown, R., Chadwick, J., Chalmers, L., Chernausek, S., Hebensperger, A., Macha, C., Newgent, R., Nordyke, A., Olson, D., Poulsen, T., Pratt, L., Preske, J., Schanuel, J., Sternlof, S., Lynch, J., Amodei, N., Barajas, R., Cody, C., Hale, D., Hernandez, J., Ibarra, C., Morales, E., Rivera, S., Rupert, G., Wauters, A., White, N., Arbeláez, A., Jones, J., Jones, T., Sadler, M., Tanner, M., Timpson, A., Welch, R., Caprio, S., Grey, M., Guandalini, C., Lavietes, S., Rose, P., Syme, A., Tamborlane, W., Hirst, K., Edelstein, S., Feit, P., Grover, N., Long, C., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Harting, J., Shepherd, J., Fan, B., Marquez, L., Sherman, M., Wang, J., Nichols, M., Mayer-Davis, E., Liu, Y., Lima, J., Puccella, J., Ricketts, E., Danis, R., Domalpally, A., Goulding, A., Neill, S., Vargo, P., Wilfley, D., Aldrich-Rasche, D., Franklin, K., Massmann, C., O'Brien, D., Patterson, J., Tibbs, T., Van Buren, D., Palmert, M., Ratner, R., Dremaine, D., Silverstein, J., Levitt Katz, Lorraine E., Bacha, Fida, Gidding, Samuel S., Weinstock, Ruth S., El ghormli, Laure, Libman, Ingrid, Nadeau, Kristen J., Porter, Kristin, and Marcovina, Santica

Published
2018
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2. Cardiac Biomarkers in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the TODAY Study

Author

McKay, S., Haymond, M., Anderson, B., Bush, C., Gunn, S., Holden, H., Jones, S.M., Jeha, G., McGirk, S., Thamotharan, S., Cuttler, L., Abrams, E., Casey, T., Dahms, W., Ievers-Landis, C., Kaminski, B., Koontz, M., MacLeish, S., McGuigan, P., Narasimhan, S., Geffner, M., Barraza, V., Chang, N., Conrad, B., Dreimane, D., Estrada, S., Fisher, L., Fleury-Milfort, E., Hernandez, S., Hollen, B., Kaufman, F., Law, E., Mansilla, V., Miller, D., Muñoz, C., Ortiz, R., Ward, A., Wexler, K., Xu, Y.K., Yasuda, P., Levitt Katz, L., Berkowitz, R., Boyd, S., Johnson, B., Kaplan, J., Keating, C., Lassiter, C., Lipman, T., McGinley, G., McKnight, H., Schwartzman, B., Willi, S., Arslanian, S., Bacha, F., Foster, S., Galvin, B., Hannon, T., Kriska, A., Libman, I., Marcus, M., Porter, K., Songer, T., Venditti, E., Goland, R., Gallagher, D., Kringas, P., Leibel, N., Ng, D., Ovalles, M., Seidman, D., Laffel, L., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Hall, M., Higgins, L., Keady, J., Malloy, M., Milaszewski, K., Rasbach, L., Nathan, D.M., Angelescu, A., Bissett, L., Ciccarelli, C., Delahanty, L., Goldman, V., Hardy, O., Larkin, M., Levitsky, L., McEachern, R., Norman, D., Nwosu, D., Park-Bennett, S., Richards, D., Sherry, N., Steiner, B., Tollefsen, S., Carnes, S., Dempsher, D., Flomo, D., Whelan, T., Wolff, B., Weinstock, R., Bowerman, D., Bristol, S., Bulger, J., Hartsig, J., Izquierdo, R., Kearns, J., Saletsky, R., Trief, P., Zeitler, P., Abramson, N., Bradhurst, A., Celona-Jacobs, N., Higgins, J., Kelsey, M., Klingensmith, G., Nadeau, K., Witten, T., Copeland, K., Boss, E., Brown, R., Chadwick, J., Chalmers, L., Chernausek, S., Hebensperger, A., Macha, C., Newgent, R., Nordyke, A., Olson, D., Poulsen, T., Pratt, L., Preske, J., Schanuel, J., Sternlof, S., Lynch, J., Amodei, N., Barajas, R., Cody, C., Hale, D., Hernandez, J., Ibarra, C., Morales, E., Rivera, S., Rupert, G., Wauters, A., White, N., Arbeláez, A., Jones, J., Jones, T., Sadler, M., Tanner, M., Timpson, A., Welch, R., Caprio, S., Grey, M., Guandalini, C., Lavietes, S., Rose, P., Syme, A., Tamborlane, W., Hirst, K., Edelstein, S., Feit, P., Grover, N., Long, C., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Marcovina, S.M., Harting, J., Shepherd, J., Fan, B., Marquez, L., Sherman, M., Wang, J., Nichols, M., Mayer-Davis, E., Liu, Y., Lima, J., Gidding, S., Puccella, J., Ricketts, E., Danis, R., Domalpally, A., Goulding, A., Neill, S., Vargo, P., Wilfley, D., Aldrich-Rasche, D., Franklin, K., Massmann, C., O'Brien, D., Patterson, J., Tibbs, T., Van Buren, D., Palmert, M., Ratner, R., Dremaine, D., Silverstein, J., Gidding, Samuel S., Bacha, Fida, Bjornstad, Petter, Levitt Katz, Lorraine E., Levitsky, Lynne L., Lynch, Jane, Tryggestad, Jeanie B., Weinstock, Ruth S., El ghormli, Laure, and Lima, Joao A.C.

Published
2018
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4. Cardiac Biomarkers in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the TODAY Study

Author

Gidding, Samuel S., Bacha, Fida, Bjornstad, Petter, Katz, Lorraine E. Levitt, Levitsky, Lynne L., Lynch, Jane, Tryggestad, Jeanie B., Weinstock, Ruth S., El ghormli, Laure, Lima, Joao A.C., McKay, S., Haymond, M., Anderson, B., Bush, C., Gunn, S., Holden, H., Jones, S. M., Jeha, G., McGirk, S., Thamotharan, S., Cuttler, L., Abrams, E., Casey, T., Dahms, W., Ievers-Landis, C., Kaminski, B., Koontz, M., MacLeish, S., McGuigan, P., Narasimhan, S., Geffner, M., Barraza, V., Chang, N., Conrad, B., Dreimane, D., Estrada, S., Fisher, L., Fleury-Milfort, E., Hernandez, S., Hollen, B., Kaufman, F., Law, E., Mansilla, V., Miller, D., Muñoz, C., Ortiz, R., Ward, A., Wexler, K., Xu, Y. K., Yasuda, P., Katz, Levitt L., Berkowitz, R., Boyd, S., Johnson, B., Kaplan, J., Keating, C., Lassiter, C., Lipman, T., McGinley, G., McKnight, H., Schwartzman, B., Willi, S., Arslanian, S., Bacha, F., Foster, S., Galvin, B., Hannon, T., Kriska, A., Libman, I., Marcus, M., Porter, K., Songer, T., Venditti, E., Goland, R., Gallagher, D., Kringas, P., Leibel, N., Ng, D., Ovalles, M., Seidman, D., Laffel, L., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Hall, M., Higgins, L., Keady, J., Malloy, M., Milaszewski, K., Rasbach, L., Nathan, D. M., Angelescu, A., Bissett, L., Ciccarelli, C., Delahanty, L., Goldman, V., Hardy, O., Larkin, M., Levitsky, L., McEachern, R., Norman, D., Nwosu, D., Park-Bennett, S., Richards, D., Sherry, N., Steiner, B., Tollefsen, S., Carnes, S., Dempsher, D., Flomo, D., Whelan, T., Wolff, B., Weinstock, R., Bowerman, D., Bristol, S., Bulger, J., Hartsig, J., Izquierdo, R., Kearns, J., Saletsky, R., Trief, P., Zeitler, P., Abramson, N., Bradhurst, A., Celona-Jacobs, N., Higgins, J., Kelsey, M., Klingensmith, G., Nadeau, K., Witten, T., Copeland, K., Boss, E., Brown, R., Chadwick, J., Chalmers, L., Chernausek, S., Hebensperger, A., Macha, C., Newgent, R., Nordyke, A., Olson, D., Poulsen, T., Pratt, L., Preske, J., Schanuel, J., Sternlof, S., Lynch, J., Amodei, N., Barajas, R., Cody, C., Hale, D., Hernandez, J., Ibarra, C., Morales, E., Rivera, S., Rupert, G., Wauters, A., White, N., Arbeláez, A., Jones, J., Jones, T., Sadler, M., Tanner, M., Timpson, A., Welch, R., Caprio, S., Grey, M., Guandalini, C., Lavietes, S., Rose, P., Syme, A., Tamborlane, W., Hirst, K., Edelstein, S., Feit, P., Grover, N., Long, C., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Marcovina, S. M., Harting, J., Shepherd, J., Fan, B., Marquez, L., Sherman, M., Wang, J., Nichols, M., Mayer-Davis, E., Liu, Y., Lima, J., Gidding, S., Puccella, J., Ricketts, E., Danis, R., Domalpally, A., Goulding, A., Neill, S., Vargo, P., Wilfley, D., Aldrich-Rasche, D., Franklin, K., Massmann, C., O’Brien, D., Patterson, J., Tibbs, T., Van Buren, D., Palmert, M., Ratner, R., Dremaine, D., and Silverstein, J.

Published
2018
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12. Predictors of response to insulin therapy in youth with poorly‐controlled type 2 diabetes in the TODAY trial.

Author

Bacha, Fida, El ghormli, Laure, Arslanian, Silva, Zeitler, Philip, Laffel, Lori M., Levitt Katz, Lorraine E., Gandica, Rachelle, Chang, Nancy T., Sprague, Jennifer E., Macleish, Sarah A., McKay, S., Haymond, M., Anderson, B., Bush, C., Gunn, S., Holden, H., Jones, S.M., Jeha, G., McGirk, S., and Thamotharan, S.

Subjects
INSULIN therapy testing, INSULIN therapy effectiveness, GLYCEMIC control, DIABETES in youth, TYPE 2 diabetes, REACTION time, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

The article discusses Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) has a multicenter, randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effect of treatment regimens to maintain glycemic control in youth. Topics include the TODAY cohort providing a unique opportunity to examine the effects of insulin therapy in youth with type 2 diabetes; and to determine the factors associated with glycemic control initiation of insulin therapy in the TODAY participants.

Published
2019
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13. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the DCCT/EDIC Study

Author

Tang, W.H. Wilson, primary, McGee, Paula, additional, Lachin, John M., additional, Li, Daniel Y., additional, Hoogwerf, Byron, additional, Hazen, Stanley L., additional, Nathan, D.M., additional, Zinman, B., additional, Crofford, O., additional, Genuth, S., additional, Brown‐Friday, J., additional, Crandall, J., additional, Engel, H., additional, Engel, S., additional, Martinez, H., additional, Phillips, M., additional, Reid, M., additional, Shamoon, H., additional, Sheindlin, J., additional, Gubitosi‐Klug, R., additional, Mayer, L., additional, Pendegast, S., additional, Zegarra, H., additional, Miller, D., additional, Singerman, L., additional, Smith‐Brewer, S., additional, Novak, M., additional, Quin, J., additional, Genuth, Saul, additional, Palmert, M., additional, Brown, E., additional, McConnell, J., additional, Pugsley, P., additional, Crawford, P., additional, Dahms, W., additional, Gregory, N.S., additional, Lackaye, M.E., additional, Kiss, S., additional, Chan, R., additional, Orlin, A., additional, Rubin, M., additional, Brillon, D., additional, Reppucci, V., additional, Lee, T., additional, Heinemann, M., additional, Chang, S., additional, Levy, B., additional, Jovanovic, L., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Bosco, B., additional, Dwoskin, A., additional, Hanna, R., additional, Barron, S., additional, Campbell, R., additional, Bhan, A., additional, Kruger, D., additional, Jones, J.K., additional, Edwards, P.A., additional, Carey, J.D., additional, Angus, E., additional, Thomas, A., additional, Galprin, A., additional, McLellan, M., additional, Whitehouse, F., additional, Bergenstal, R., additional, Johnson, M., additional, Gunyou, K., additional, Thomas, L., additional, Laechelt, J., additional, Hollander, P., additional, Spencer, M., additional, Kendall, D., additional, Cuddihy, R., additional, Callahan, P., additional, List, S., additional, Gott, J., additional, Rude, N., additional, Olson, B., additional, Franz, M., additional, Castle, G., additional, Birk, R., additional, Nelson, J., additional, Freking, D., additional, Gill, L., additional, Mestrezat, W., additional, Etzwiler, D., additional, Morgan, K., additional, Aiello, L.P., additional, Golden, E., additional, Arrigg, P., additional, Asuquo, V., additional, Beaser, R., additional, Bestourous, L., additional, Cavallerano, J., additional, Cavicchi, R., additional, Ganda, O., additional, Hamdy, O., additional, Kirby, R., additional, Murtha, T., additional, Schlossman, D, additional, Shah, S., additional, Sharuk, G., additional, Silva, P., additional, Silver, P., additional, Stockman, M., additional, Sun, J., additional, Weimann, E., additional, Wolpert, H., additional, Aiello, L.M., additional, Jacobson, A., additional, Rand, L., additional, Rosenzwieg, J., additional, Larkin, M.E., additional, Christofi, M., additional, Folino, K., additional, Godine, J., additional, Lou, P., additional, Stevens, C., additional, Anderson, E., additional, Bode, H., additional, Brink, S., additional, Cornish, C., additional, Cros, D., additional, Delahanty, L., additional, eManbey, ., additional, Haggan, C., additional, Lynch, J., additional, McKitrick, C., additional, Norman, D., additional, Moore, D., additional, Ong, M., additional, Taylor, C., additional, Zimbler, D., additional, Crowell, S., additional, Fritz, S., additional, Hansen, K., additional, Gauthier‐Kelly, C., additional, Service, F.J., additional, Ziegler, G., additional, Barkmeier, A., additional, Schmidt, L., additional, French, B., additional, Woodwick, R., additional, Rizza, R., additional, Schwenk, W.F., additional, Haymond, M., additional, Pach, J., additional, Mortenson, J., additional, Zimmerman, B., additional, Lucas, A., additional, Colligan, R., additional, Luttrell, L., additional, Lopes‐Virella, M., additional, Caulder, S., additional, Pittman, C., additional, Patel, N., additional, Lee, K., additional, Nutaitis, M., additional, Fernandes, J., additional, Hermayer, K., additional, Kwon, S., additional, Blevins, A, additional, Parker, J., additional, Colwell, J., additional, Lee, D., additional, Soule, J., additional, Lindsey, P., additional, Bracey, M., additional, Farr, A., additional, Elsing, S., additional, Thompson, T., additional, Selby, J., additional, Lyons, T., additional, Yacoub‐Wasef, S., additional, Szpiech, M., additional, Wood, D., additional, Mayfield, R., additional, Molitch, M., additional, Adelman, D., additional, Colson, S., additional, Jampol, L., additional, Lyon, A., additional, Gill, M., additional, Strugula, Z., additional, Kaminski, L., additional, Mirza, R., additional, Simjanoski, E., additional, Ryan, D., additional, Johnson, C., additional, Wallia, A., additional, Ajroud‐Driss, S., additional, Astelford, P., additional, Leloudes, N., additional, Degillio, A., additional, Schaefer, B., additional, Mudaliar, S., additional, Lorenzi, G, additional, Goldbaum, M., additional, Jones, K., additional, Prince, M., additional, Swenson, M., additional, Grant, I., additional, Reed, R., additional, Lyon, R., additional, Kolterman, O., additional, Giotta, M., additional, Clark, T., additional, Friedenberg, G., additional, Sivitz, W.I., additional, Vittetoe, B., additional, Kramer, J., additional, Bayless, M., additional, Zeitler, R., additional, Schrott, H., additional, Olson, N., additional, Snetselaar, L., additional, Hoffman, R., additional, MacIndoe, J., additional, Weingeist, T., additional, Fountain, C., additional, Miller, R., additional, Johnsonbaugh, S., additional, Patronas, M., additional, Carney, M., additional, Mendley, S., additional, Salemi, P., additional, Liss, R., additional, Hebdon, M., additional, Counts, D., additional, Donner, T., additional, Gordon, J., additional, Hemady, R., additional, Kowarski, A., additional, Ostrowski, D., additional, Steidl, S., additional, Jones, B., additional, Herman, W.H., additional, Martin, C.L., additional, Pop‐Busui, R., additional, Greene, D.A., additional, Stevens, M.J., additional, Burkhart, N., additional, Sandford, T., additional, Floyd, J., additional, Bantle, J., additional, Flaherty, N., additional, Terry, J., additional, Koozekanani, D., additional, Montezuma, S., additional, Wimmergren, N., additional, Rogness, B., additional, Mech, M., additional, Strand, T., additional, Olson, J., additional, McKenzie, L., additional, Kwong, C., additional, Goetz, F., additional, Warhol, R., additional, Hainsworth, D., additional, Goldstein, D., additional, Hitt, S., additional, Giangiacomo, J., additional, Schade, D.S, additional, Canady, J.L., additional, Burge, M.R., additional, Das, A., additional, Avery, R.B., additional, Ketai, L.H., additional, Chapin, J.E., additional, Schluter, M.L., additional, Rich, J., additional, Johannes, C., additional, Hornbeck, D., additional, Schutta, M., additional, Bourne, P.A., additional, Brucker, A., additional, Braunstein, S., additional, Schwartz, S., additional, Maschak‐Carey, B.J., additional, Baker, L., additional, Orchard, T., additional, Cimino, L., additional, Songer, T., additional, Doft, B., additional, Olson, S., additional, Becker, D., additional, Rubinstein, D., additional, Bergren, R.L., additional, Fruit, J., additional, Hyre, R., additional, Palmer, C., additional, Silvers, N., additional, Lobes, L., additional, Rath, P. Paczan, additional, Conrad, P.W., additional, Yalamanchi, S., additional, Wesche, J., additional, Bratkowksi, M., additional, Arslanian, S., additional, Rinkoff, J., additional, Warnicki, J., additional, Curtin, D., additional, Steinberg, D., additional, Vagstad, G., additional, Harris, R., additional, Steranchak, L., additional, Arch, J., additional, Kelly, K., additional, Ostrosaka, P., additional, Guiliani, M., additional, Good, M., additional, Williams, T., additional, Olsen, K., additional, Campbell, A., additional, Shipe, C., additional, Conwit, R., additional, Finegold, D., additional, Zaucha, M., additional, Drash, A., additional, Morrison, A., additional, Malone, J.I., additional, Bernal, M.L., additional, Pavan, P.R., additional, Grove, N., additional, Tanaka, E.A., additional, McMillan, D., additional, Vaccaro‐Kish, J., additional, Babbione, L., additional, Solc, H., additional, DeClue, T.J., additional, Dagogo‐Jack, S., additional, Wigley, C., additional, Ricks, H., additional, Kitabchi, A., additional, Chaum, E., additional, Murphy, M.B., additional, Moser, S., additional, Meyer, D., additional, Iannacone, A., additional, Yoser, S., additional, Bryer‐Ash, M., additional, Schussler, S., additional, Lambeth, H., additional, Raskin, P., additional, Strowig, S., additional, Basco, M., additional, Cercone, S., additional, Barnie, A., additional, Devenyi, R., additional, Mandelcorn, M., additional, Brent, M., additional, Rogers, S., additional, Gordon, A., additional, Bakshi, N., additional, Perkins, B., additional, Tuason, L., additional, Perdikaris, F., additional, Ehrlich, R., additional, Daneman, D., additional, Perlman, K., additional, Ferguson, S, additional, Palmer, J., additional, Fahlstrom, R., additional, de Boer, I.H., additional, Kinyoun, J., additional, Van Ottingham, L., additional, Catton, S., additional, Ginsberg, J., additional, McDonald, C., additional, Harth, J., additional, Driscoll, M., additional, Sheidow, T., additional, Mahon, J., additional, Canny, C., additional, Nicolle, D., additional, Colby, P., additional, Dupre, J., additional, Hramiak, I., additional, Rodger, N.W., additional, Jenner, M., additional, Smith, T., additional, Brown, W., additional, May, M., additional, Lipps Hagan, J., additional, Agarwal, A., additional, Adkins, T., additional, Lorenz, R., additional, Feman, S., additional, Survant, L., additional, White, N.H., additional, Levandoski, L., additional, Grand, G., additional, Thomas, M., additional, Joseph, D., additional, Blinder, K., additional, Shah, G., additional, Burgess, D., additional, Boniuk, I., additional, Santiago, J., additional, Tamborlane, W., additional, Gatcomb, P., additional, Stoessel, K., additional, Ramos, P., additional, Fong, K., additional, Ossorio, P., additional, Ahern, J., additional, Meadema‐Mayer, L., additional, Beck, C., additional, Farrell, K., additional, Quin, J, additional, Gaston, P., additional, Trail, R., additional, Lachin, J., additional, Backlund, J., additional, Bebu, I., additional, Braffett, B., additional, Diminick, L., additional, Gao, X., additional, Hsu, W., additional, Klumpp, K., additional, Pan, H., additional, Trapani, V., additional, Cleary, P., additional, McGee, P., additional, Sun, W., additional, Villavicencio, S., additional, Anderson, K., additional, Dews, L., additional, Younes, Naji, additional, Rutledge, B., additional, Chan, K., additional, Rosenberg, D., additional, Petty, B., additional, Determan, A., additional, Kenny, D., additional, Williams, C., additional, Cowie, C., additional, Siebert, C., additional, Steffes, M., additional, Arends, V., additional, Bucksa, J., additional, Nowicki, M., additional, Chavers, B., additional, O'Leary, D., additional, Polak, J., additional, Harrington, A., additional, Funk, L., additional, Crow, R, additional, Gloeb, B., additional, Thomas, S., additional, O'Donnell, C., additional, Soliman, E.Z., additional, Zhang, Z.M., additional, Li, Y., additional, Campbell, C., additional, Keasler, L., additional, Hensley, S., additional, Hu, J., additional, Barr, M., additional, Taylor, T., additional, Prineas, R., additional, Feldman, E.L., additional, Albers, J.W., additional, Low, P., additional, Sommer, C., additional, Nickander, K., additional, Speigelberg, T., additional, Pfiefer, M., additional, Schumer, M., additional, Moran, M., additional, Farquhar, J., additional, Ryan, C., additional, Sandstrom, D., additional, Geckle, M., additional, Cupelli, E., additional, Thoma, F., additional, Burzuk, B., additional, Woodfill, T., additional, Danis, R., additional, Blodi, B., additional, Lawrence, D., additional, Wabers, H., additional, Gangaputra, S., additional, Neill, S., additional, Burger, M., additional, Dingledine, J., additional, Gama, V., additional, Sussman, R., additional, Davis, M., additional, Hubbard, L., additional, Budoff, M., additional, Darabian, S., additional, Rezaeian, P., additional, Wong, N., additional, Fox, M., additional, Oudiz, R., additional, Kim, L, additional, Detrano, R., additional, Cruickshanks, K., additional, Dalton, D., additional, Bainbridge, K., additional, Lima, J., additional, Bluemke, D., additional, Turkbey, E., additional, der Geest, ., additional, Liu, C., additional, Malayeri, A., additional, Jain, A., additional, Miao, C., additional, Chahal, H., additional, Jarboe, R., additional, Monnier, V., additional, Sell, D., additional, Strauch, C., additional, Hazen, S., additional, Pratt, A., additional, Tang, W., additional, Brunzell, J., additional, Purnell, J., additional, Natarajan, R., additional, Miao, F., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Chen, Z., additional, Paterson, A., additional, Boright, A., additional, Bull, S., additional, Sun, L., additional, Scherer, S., additional, Lyons, T.J., additional, Jenkins, A., additional, Klein, R., additional, Virella, G., additional, Jaffa, A., additional, Carter, R., additional, Stoner, J., additional, Garvey, W.T., additional, Lackland, D., additional, Brabham, M., additional, McGee, D., additional, Zheng, D., additional, Mayfield, R.K., additional, Maynard, J., additional, Wessells, H., additional, Sarma, A, additional, Dunn, R., additional, Holt, S., additional, Hotaling, J., additional, Kim, C., additional, Clemens, Q., additional, Brown, J., additional, and McVary, K., additional

Published
2018
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14. Lipid Profiles, Inflammatory Markers, and Insulin Therapy in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes

Author

Levitt Katz, Lorraine E., primary, Bacha, Fida, additional, Gidding, Samuel S., additional, Weinstock, Ruth S., additional, El ghormli, Laure, additional, Libman, Ingrid, additional, Nadeau, Kristen J., additional, Porter, Kristin, additional, Marcovina, Santica, additional, McKay, S., additional, Haymond, M., additional, Anderson, B., additional, Bush, C., additional, Gunn, S., additional, Holden, H., additional, Jones, S.M., additional, Jeha, G., additional, McGirk, S., additional, Thamotharan, S., additional, Cuttler, L., additional, Abrams, E., additional, Casey, T., additional, Dahms, W., additional, Ievers-Landis, C., additional, Kaminski, B., additional, Koontz, M., additional, MacLeish, S., additional, McGuigan, P., additional, Narasimhan, S., additional, Geffner, M., additional, Barraza, V., additional, Chang, N., additional, Conrad, B., additional, Dreimane, D., additional, Estrada, S., additional, Fisher, L., additional, Fleury-Milfort, E., additional, Hernandez, S., additional, Hollen, B., additional, Kaufman, F., additional, Law, E., additional, Mansilla, V., additional, Miller, D., additional, Muñoz, C., additional, Ortiz, R., additional, Ward, A., additional, Wexler, K., additional, Xu, Y.K., additional, Yasuda, P., additional, Berkowitz, R., additional, Boyd, S., additional, Johnson, B., additional, Kaplan, J., additional, Keating, C., additional, Lassiter, C., additional, Lipman, T., additional, McGinley, G., additional, McKnight, H., additional, Schwartzman, B., additional, Willi, S., additional, Arslanian, S., additional, Foster, S., additional, Galvin, B., additional, Hannon, T., additional, Kriska, A., additional, Marcus, M., additional, Songer, T., additional, Venditti, E., additional, Goland, R., additional, Gallagher, D., additional, Kringas, P., additional, Leibel, N., additional, Ng, D., additional, Ovalles, M., additional, Seidman, D., additional, Laffel, L., additional, Goebel-Fabbri, A., additional, Hall, M., additional, Higgins, L., additional, Keady, J., additional, Malloy, M., additional, Milaszewski, K., additional, Rasbach, L., additional, Nathan, D.M., additional, Angelescu, A., additional, Bissett, L., additional, Ciccarelli, C., additional, Delahanty, L., additional, Goldman, V., additional, Hardy, O., additional, Larkin, M., additional, Levitsky, L., additional, McEachern, R., additional, Norman, D., additional, Nwosu, D., additional, Park-Bennett, S., additional, Richards, D., additional, Sherry, N., additional, Steiner, B., additional, Tollefsen, S., additional, Carnes, S., additional, Dempsher, D., additional, Flomo, D., additional, Whelan, T., additional, Wolff, B., additional, Bowerman, D., additional, Bristol, S., additional, Bulger, J., additional, Hartsig, J., additional, Izquierdo, R., additional, Kearns, J., additional, Saletsky, R., additional, Trief, P., additional, Zeitler, P., additional, Abramson, N., additional, Bradhurst, A., additional, Celona-Jacobs, N., additional, Higgins, J., additional, Kelsey, M., additional, Klingensmith, G., additional, Witten, T., additional, Copeland, K., additional, Boss, E., additional, Brown, R., additional, Chadwick, J., additional, Chalmers, L., additional, Chernausek, S., additional, Hebensperger, A., additional, Macha, C., additional, Newgent, R., additional, Nordyke, A., additional, Olson, D., additional, Poulsen, T., additional, Pratt, L., additional, Preske, J., additional, Schanuel, J., additional, Sternlof, S., additional, Lynch, J., additional, Amodei, N., additional, Barajas, R., additional, Cody, C., additional, Hale, D., additional, Hernandez, J., additional, Ibarra, C., additional, Morales, E., additional, Rivera, S., additional, Rupert, G., additional, Wauters, A., additional, White, N., additional, Arbeláez, A., additional, Jones, J., additional, Jones, T., additional, Sadler, M., additional, Tanner, M., additional, Timpson, A., additional, Welch, R., additional, Caprio, S., additional, Grey, M., additional, Guandalini, C., additional, Lavietes, S., additional, Rose, P., additional, Syme, A., additional, Tamborlane, W., additional, Hirst, K., additional, Edelstein, S., additional, Feit, P., additional, Grover, N., additional, Long, C., additional, Pyle, L., additional, Linder, B., additional, Harting, J., additional, Shepherd, J., additional, Fan, B., additional, Marquez, L., additional, Sherman, M., additional, Wang, J., additional, Nichols, M., additional, Mayer-Davis, E., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Lima, J., additional, Puccella, J., additional, Ricketts, E., additional, Danis, R., additional, Domalpally, A., additional, Goulding, A., additional, Neill, S., additional, Vargo, P., additional, Wilfley, D., additional, Aldrich-Rasche, D., additional, Franklin, K., additional, Massmann, C., additional, O'Brien, D., additional, Patterson, J., additional, Tibbs, T., additional, Van Buren, D., additional, Palmert, M., additional, Ratner, R., additional, Dremaine, D., additional, and Silverstein, J., additional

Published
2018
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15. Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Analysis of Data From the TODAY Clinical Trial

Author

Bjornstad, Petter, primary, Nehus, Edward, additional, El ghormli, Laure, additional, Bacha, Fida, additional, Libman, Ingrid M., additional, McKay, Siripoom, additional, Willi, Steven M., additional, Laffel, Lori, additional, Arslanian, Silva, additional, Nadeau, Kristen J., additional, McKay, S., additional, Haymond, M., additional, Anderson, B., additional, Bush, C., additional, Gunn, S., additional, Holden, H., additional, Jones, S.M., additional, Jeha, G., additional, McGirk, S., additional, Thamotharan, S., additional, Cuttler, L., additional, Abrams, E., additional, Casey, T., additional, Dahms, W., additional, Ievers-Landis, C., additional, Kaminski, B., additional, Koontz, M., additional, MacLeish, S., additional, McGuigan, P., additional, Narasimhan, S., additional, Geffner, M., additional, Barraza, V., additional, Chang, N., additional, Conrad, B., additional, Dreimane, D., additional, Estrada, S., additional, Fisher, L., additional, Fleury-Milfort, E., additional, Hernandez, S., additional, Hollen, B., additional, Kaufman, F., additional, Law, E., additional, Mansilla, V., additional, Miller, D., additional, Muñoz, C., additional, Ortiz, R., additional, Ward, A., additional, Wexler, K., additional, Xu, Y.K., additional, Yasuda, P., additional, Levitt Katz, L., additional, Berkowitz, R., additional, Boyd, S., additional, Johnson, B., additional, Kaplan, J., additional, Keating, C., additional, Lassiter, C., additional, Lipman, T., additional, McGinley, G., additional, McKnight, H., additional, Schwartzman, B., additional, Willi, S., additional, Arslanian, S., additional, Bacha, F., additional, Foster, S., additional, Galvin, B., additional, Hannon, T., additional, Kriska, A., additional, Libman, I., additional, Marcus, M., additional, Porter, K., additional, Songer, T., additional, Venditti, E., additional, Goland, R., additional, Gallagher, D., additional, Kringas, P., additional, Leibel, N., additional, Ng, D., additional, Ovalles, M., additional, Seidman, D., additional, Laffel, L., additional, Goebel-Fabbri, A., additional, Hall, M., additional, Higgins, L., additional, Keady, J., additional, Malloy, M., additional, Milaszewski, K., additional, Rasbach, L., additional, Nathan, D.M., additional, Angelescu, A., additional, Bissett, L., additional, Ciccarelli, C., additional, Delahanty, L., additional, Goldman, V., additional, Hardy, O., additional, Larkin, M., additional, Levitsky, L., additional, McEachern, R., additional, Norman, D., additional, Nwosu, D., additional, Park-Bennett, S., additional, Richards, D., additional, Sherry, N., additional, Steiner, B., additional, Tollefsen, S., additional, Carnes, S., additional, Dempsher, D., additional, Flomo, D., additional, Whelan, T., additional, Wolff, B., additional, Weinstock, R., additional, Bowerman, D., additional, Bristol, S., additional, Bulger, J., additional, Hartsig, J., additional, Izquierdo, R., additional, Kearns, J., additional, Saletsky, R., additional, Trief, P., additional, Zeitler, P., additional, Abramson, N., additional, Bradhurst, A., additional, Celona-Jacobs, N., additional, Higgins, J., additional, Kelsey, M., additional, Klingensmith, G., additional, Nadeau, K., additional, Witten, T., additional, Copeland, K., additional, Boss, E., additional, Brown, R., additional, Chadwick, J., additional, Chalmers, L., additional, Chernausek, S., additional, Hebensperger, A., additional, Macha, C., additional, Newgent, R., additional, Nordyke, A., additional, Olson, D., additional, Poulsen, T., additional, Pratt, L., additional, Preske, J., additional, Schanuel, J., additional, Sternlof, S., additional, Lynch, J., additional, Amodei, N., additional, Barajas, R., additional, Cody, C., additional, Hale, D., additional, Hernandez, J., additional, Ibarra, C., additional, Morales, E., additional, Rivera, S., additional, Rupert, G., additional, Wauters, A., additional, White, N., additional, Arbeláez, A., additional, Jones, J., additional, Jones, T., additional, Sadler, M., additional, Tanner, M., additional, Timpson, A., additional, Welch, R., additional, Caprio, S., additional, Grey, M., additional, Guandalini, C., additional, Lavietes, S., additional, Rose, P., additional, Syme, A., additional, Tamborlane, W., additional, Hirst, K., additional, Edelstein, S., additional, Feit, P., additional, Grover, N., additional, Long, C., additional, Pyle, L., additional, Linder, B., additional, Marcovina, S.M., additional, Harting, J., additional, Shepherd, J., additional, Fan, B., additional, Marquez, L., additional, Sherman, M., additional, Wang, J., additional, Nichols, M., additional, Mayer-Davis, E., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Lima, J., additional, Gidding, S., additional, Puccella, J., additional, Ricketts, E., additional, Danis, R., additional, Domalpally, A., additional, Goulding, A., additional, Neill, S., additional, Vargo, P., additional, Wilfley, D., additional, Aldrich-Rasche, D., additional, Franklin, K., additional, Massmann, C., additional, O’Brien, D., additional, Patterson, J., additional, Tibbs, T., additional, Van Buren, D., additional, Palmert, M., additional, Ratner, R., additional, Dremaine, D., additional, and Silverstein, J., additional

Published
2018
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16. Insulin Resistance in Children: Consensus, Perspective, and Future Directions

Author

Levy Marchal, C., Arslanian, S., Cutfield, W., Sinaiko, A., Druet, C., Marcovecchio, M. L., Chiarelli, F., Amemiyia, S., Berenson, G., Caprio, S., Charles, M. A., Cook, S., Davis, E., Dolan, L., Dunger, D., Fagot Campagna, A., Flodmark, C. E., Ford, E., Gautier, J. F., Goodman, E., Goran, M., Haymond, M., Hofman, P., Hokken Koelega, A., Ibanez, L., Lee, S., Maffeis, Claudio, Mericq, V., Metzger, B., Norgren, S., Ong, K., Pettitt, D., Rudolf, M., Schwimmer, J., Steinberg, J., Weiss, R., and Yajnik, C.

Subjects
Adult, Dietary Fiber, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, MEDLINE, Risk Assessment, Biochemistry, Childhood obesity, Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, Risk Factors, Fat-Restricted, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Health care, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Obesity, Child, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Exercise, Life Style, Mass screening, business.industry, Insulin, Biochemistry (medical), Consensus Statement, medicine.disease, Dietary Fats, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, epidemiology, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Energy Intake, Exercise, Humans, Insulin Resistance, physiology, Life Style, Mass Screening, complications/epidemiology/prevention /&/ control, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, obesity, Diet, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, physiology, epidemiology, Insulin Resistance, complications/epidemiology/prevention /&/ control, Energy Intake, business, Risk assessment
Abstract

Objective: Emerging data indicate that insulin resistance is common among children and adolescents and is related to cardiometabolic risk, therefore requiring consideration early in life. However, there is still confusion on how to define insulin resistance, how to measure it, what its risk factors are, and whether there are effective strategies to prevent and treat it. A consensus conference was organized in order to clarify these points. Participants: The consensus was internationally supported by all the major scientific societies in pediatric endocrinology and 37 participants. Evidence: An independent and systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify key articles relating to insulin resistance in children. Consensus Process: The conference was divided into five themes and working groups: background and definition; methods of measurement and screening; risk factors and consequences; prevention; and treatment. Each group selected key issues, searched the literature, and developed a draft document. During a 3-d meeting, these papers were debated and finalized by each group before presenting them to the full forum for further discussion and agreement. Conclusions: Given the current childhood obesity epidemic, insulin resistance in children is an important issue confronting health care professionals. There are no clear criteria to define insulin resistance in children, and surrogate markers such as fasting insulin are poor measures of insulin sensitivity. Based on current screening criteria and methodology, there is no justification for screening children for insulin resistance. Lifestyle interventions including diet and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, whereas drugs should be implemented only in selected cases.

Published
2010

17. GH safety workshop position paper: a critical appraisal of recombinant human GH therapy in children and adults

Author

Clemmons, D, Ho, K, Cianfarani, S, Johannsson, G, Erfurth, E M, Chihara, K, Kopchick, J, Burman, P, Cohen, P, Robison, L, Lee, P, Radovick, S, Backeljauw, P, Grimberg, A, Clayton, P, Butler, G, Hokken-Koelega, A, Boguszewski, M, Pollak, M, Christiansen, J, Rosenfeld, R, Bidlingmaier, M, Hoffman, A R, Deal, C, Allen, D B, Dunger, D, Haymond, M, Biller, B M K, Higham, C, Juul, A, Fuqua, J S, and Darendeliler, F

Abstract

Recombinant human GH (rhGH) has been in use for 30 years, and over that time its safety and efficacy in children and adults has been subject to considerable scrutiny. In 2001, a statement from the GH Research Society (GRS) concluded that ‘for approved indications, GH is safe’; however, the statement highlighted a number of areas for on-going surveillance of long-term safety, including cancer risk, impact on glucose homeostasis, and use of high dose pharmacological rhGH treatment. Over the intervening years, there have been a number of publications addressing the safety of rhGH with regard to mortality, cancer and cardiovascular risk, and the need for long-term surveillance of the increasing number of adults who were treated with rhGH in childhood. Against this backdrop of interest in safety, the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), the GRS, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) convened a meeting to reappraise the safety of rhGH. The ouput of the meeting is a concise position statement.

Published
2015
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18. GH safety workshop position paper: A critical appraisal of recombinant human GH therapy in children and adults

Author

Allen, D.B. (David), Backeljauw, P.F. (Philippe), Bidlingmaier, M. (Martin), Biller, B.M.K., Boguszewski, M., Burman, P. (Pia), Butler, G., Chihara, K., Christiansen, J., Cianfarani, S. (S.), Clayton, P.E. (P.), Clemmons, D.R. (David), Cohen, P. (Pinchas), Darendeliler, F. (Feyza), Deal, C., Dunger, D.B. (David B.), Erfurth, E.M. (Eva Marie), Fuqua, J.S., Grimberg, A., Haymond, M., Higham, C., Ho, K., Hoffman, A.R., Hokken-Koelega, A.C.S. (Anita), Johannsson, G., Juul, A. (Anders), Kopchick, J.J. (John ), Lee, P., Pollak, M., Radovick, S. (Sally), Robison, L., Rosenfeld, R.G. (Ron), Ross, R.J. (Richard), Sävendahl, L. (Lars), Saenger, P. (Paul), Toft Sorensen, H., Stochholm, K., Strasburger, C.J., Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Thorner, M., Allen, D.B. (David), Backeljauw, P.F. (Philippe), Bidlingmaier, M. (Martin), Biller, B.M.K., Boguszewski, M., Burman, P. (Pia), Butler, G., Chihara, K., Christiansen, J., Cianfarani, S. (S.), Clayton, P.E. (P.), Clemmons, D.R. (David), Cohen, P. (Pinchas), Darendeliler, F. (Feyza), Deal, C., Dunger, D.B. (David B.), Erfurth, E.M. (Eva Marie), Fuqua, J.S., Grimberg, A., Haymond, M., Higham, C., Ho, K., Hoffman, A.R., Hokken-Koelega, A.C.S. (Anita), Johannsson, G., Juul, A. (Anders), Kopchick, J.J. (John ), Lee, P., Pollak, M., Radovick, S. (Sally), Robison, L., Rosenfeld, R.G. (Ron), Ross, R.J. (Richard), Sävendahl, L. (Lars), Saenger, P. (Paul), Toft Sorensen, H., Stochholm, K., Strasburger, C.J., Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), and Thorner, M.

Abstract

Recombinant human GH (rhGH) has been in use for 30 years, and over that time its safety and efficacy in children and adults has been subject to considerable scrutiny. In 2001, a statement from the GH Research Society (GRS) concluded that 'for approved indications, GH is safe'; however, the statement highlighted a number of areas for on-going surveillance of long-Term safety, including cancer risk, impact on glucose homeostasis, and use of high dose pharmacological rhGH treatment. Over the intervening years, there have been a number of publications addressing the safety of rhGH with regard to mortality, cancer and cardiovascular risk, and the need for long-Term surveillance of the increasing number of adults who were treated with rhGH in childhood. Against this backdrop of interest in safety, the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), the GRS, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) convened a meeting to reappraise the safety of rhGH. The ouput of the meeting is a concise position statement.

Published
2016
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19. GH safety workshop position paper: a critical appraisal of recombinant human GH therapy in children and adults

Author

Allen, DB, Backeljauw, P, Bidlingmaier, M, Biller, BMK, Boguszewski, M, Burman, P, Butler, G, Chihara, K, Christiansen, J, Cianfarani, S, Clayton, P, Clemmons, D, Cohen, P, Darendeliler, F, Deal, C, Dunger, D, Erfurth, EM, Fuqua, JS, Grimberg, A, Haymond, M, Higham, C, Ho, K, Hoffman, AR, Hokken - Koelega, Anita, Johannsson, G, Juul, A, Kopchick, J, Lee, P, Pollak, M, Radovick, S, Robison, L, Rosenfeld, R, Ross, RJ, Savendahl, L, Saenger, P, Sorensen, HT, Stochholm, K, Strasburger, C, Swerdlow, A, Thorner, M, Allen, DB, Backeljauw, P, Bidlingmaier, M, Biller, BMK, Boguszewski, M, Burman, P, Butler, G, Chihara, K, Christiansen, J, Cianfarani, S, Clayton, P, Clemmons, D, Cohen, P, Darendeliler, F, Deal, C, Dunger, D, Erfurth, EM, Fuqua, JS, Grimberg, A, Haymond, M, Higham, C, Ho, K, Hoffman, AR, Hokken - Koelega, Anita, Johannsson, G, Juul, A, Kopchick, J, Lee, P, Pollak, M, Radovick, S, Robison, L, Rosenfeld, R, Ross, RJ, Savendahl, L, Saenger, P, Sorensen, HT, Stochholm, K, Strasburger, C, Swerdlow, A, and Thorner, M

Published
2016

20. GH safety workshop position paper: a critical appraisal of recombinant human GH therapy in children and adults

Author

Allen, D B, primary, Backeljauw, P, additional, Bidlingmaier, M, additional, Biller, B M K, additional, Boguszewski, M, additional, Burman, P, additional, Butler, G, additional, Chihara, K, additional, Christiansen, J, additional, Cianfarani, S, additional, Clayton, P, additional, Clemmons, D, additional, Cohen, P, additional, Darendeliler, F, additional, Deal, C, additional, Dunger, D, additional, Erfurth, E M, additional, Fuqua, J S, additional, Grimberg, A, additional, Haymond, M, additional, Higham, C, additional, Ho, K, additional, Hoffman, A R, additional, Hokken-Koelega, A, additional, Johannsson, G, additional, Juul, A, additional, Kopchick, J, additional, Lee, P, additional, Pollak, M, additional, Radovick, S, additional, Robison, L, additional, Rosenfeld, R, additional, Ross, R J, additional, Savendahl, L, additional, Saenger, P, additional, Toft Sorensen, H, additional, Stochholm, K, additional, Strasburger, C, additional, Swerdlow, A, additional, and Thorner, M, additional

Published
2016
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23. Hexoneogenesis in the human breast during lactation

Author

Sunehag, A. L., Louie, K., Bier, J. L., Tigas, S., and Haymond, M. W.

Subjects
Adult, Carbon Isotopes, Water/metabolism, Galactose/analysis/*biosynthesis/blood, Reproducibility of Results, Lactose/*biosynthesis, Fasting, Deuterium, Eating, Glucose/administration & dosage/analysis/*biosynthesis, Milk, Human/chemistry/*metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage/*metabolism, Blood Glucose/analysis/metabolism, Breast/*metabolism, Humans, Female
Abstract

Lactose is the major osmotic agent in milk. Therefore, lactose synthesis indirectly regulates milk volume. The aim of this study was to determine the source of glucose and galactose in lactose. Six healthy lactating women were studied twice, during a 24-h fast and during ingestion of a mixed macronutrient drink (Sustacal) using [U-13C]glucose and [2-13C]glycerol. Six additional lactating women were studied on one single occasion during ingestion of glucose labeled with [1-13C]glucose. Using the ratios of [13C6] enrichments of glucose in lactose and plasma glucose and that of galactose in lactose and plasma glucose, we determined that 98 +/- 3% of glucose and 68 +/- 7% of galactose in lactose were derived from plasma glucose in the fed state, and 72 +/- 4 and 51 +/- 3%, respectively, after a 24-h fast. Virtually identical results (97 +/- 6 and 64 +/- 4%, respectively) were obtained during the glucose feeding study. On the basis of the [13C1] enrichment of glucose and galactose in lactose (derived from [2-13C]glycerol), glycerol contributes to the production of galactose but not glucose within the breast. Thus, plasma glucose is an important source of lactose, but significant amounts of glucose and galactose in lactose are generated within the breast, a process denoted hexoneogenesis. In this process, glycerol is a precursor for milk galactose but not glucose. J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Published
2002

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