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4. Inspire Sustainability Internships: Promoting Campus Greening Initiatives through Student Participation

Author

Hayles, Carolyn Susan

Abstract

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the outputs of an internship programme, one of a number of campus-based sustainability activities that have been introduced at the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, to encourage student-led campus-based greening initiatives. Design/methodology/approach: A case study approach was undertaken, allowing the researcher to investigate the programme in its real-life context. The researcher used multiple sources of evidence to gain as holistic a picture as possible. Findings: Interns report positive changes in their behaviours towards sustainability, as well as encouraging feedback on their experiential learning, the development of their soft skills and the creation of new knowledge. Moreover, students communicated perceived benefits for their future careers. The reported outcomes reflect mutually beneficial relationships for student and institution, for example, raising the profile of campus greening activities and supporting the University's aim to embed sustainability throughout its campus, community and culture. Research limitations/implications: The researcher recognises the limitations of the research, in particular, the small sample size, which has resulted primarily in qualitative results being presented. Practical implications: Feedback from previous interns will be used to shape future internships. In particular, Institute of Sustainable Practice, Innovation and Resource Effectiveness (INSPIRE) will look for opportunities to work more closely with University operations, departments, faculties and alongside University staff, both academic and support staff. Social implications Following student feedback, INSPIRE will give students opportunities for wider involvement, including an opportunity to propose their own projects to shape future internships that meet the needs of student body on campus. Originality/value: Despite being one case study from one institution, the research highlights the value of such programmes for other institutions.

Published
2019
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9. The weathering of sandstone on historic buildings : Culzean Castle, a case study

Author

Hayles, Carolyn Susan

Subjects
551, NA Architecture, QE Geology
Abstract

Culzean Castle is located 45 miles south of Glasgow on the West Coast of Scotland. It is a fine example of the work of architect Robert Adam. The castle is currently owned by the National Trust for Scotland, and is one of Scotland's most popular tourist attractions. The stonework has suffered through prolonged exposure in the castle's cliff-top position overlooking the Firth of Clyde. As a result some of the stonework was replaced in the 1970s, and current with this research, more stonework needs to be replaced. The castle was constructed from local sandstones, specifically volcanigenic lithic arenites (quartz-rich sandstones containing feldspars, lithic fragments, clays and micas, cemented together with calcium carbonate). Culzean was built during three periods using local stone. The original Late-Medieval castle was constructed from what has proved to be 'durable sandstone' (OB) which shows little evidence of deterioration in its more sheltered location as the foundations of the current building. During the eighteenth century, Robert Adam designed additions to the castle using another local sandstone (AB). This stone has undergone considerable deterioration (e.g. spalling, contour scaling and surface pitting), and in some instances has failed, with surface material falling from the building. The majority of the AB stones, particularly on the Drum Tower balcony need to be cut back or replaced right away. Finally during the late 1800s a west wing was added to the castle, of redder sandstone from Maybole (VB), which currently exhibits some surface deterioration (mainly contour scaling), but not on the same scale as the AB stone. Research was undertaken to examine the differences between these stones, particularly to determine the characteristics of the AB stone which allow it to weather more rapidly than the others. Cores samples of 75 mm diameter, 150 mm depth were taken from the building using a dry drilling method to prevent chemical alteration. A number of analytical techniques including ion chromatography, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence microscopy were used to examine the geochemistry and mineralogy of the stone. The role of externally derived soluble salts and the potential for physical change were then determined. Petrographic analysis highlighted a number of characteristic processes. The rock forming minerals, specifically the quartz, feldspars and micas showed similar mechanisms of deterioration in the three sandstones. These mechanisms included dissolution, particularly along lines of weakness and compositional variation, with ionic exchange at mineral edges. Clay minerals were found in abundance in the Culzean sandstones. Of greatest importance were the clays which absorb water, found in the AB stones (combinations of illite/smectite/chlorite species) which with access to ingressing solution and under confining pressures are particularly destructive for their size. There was also evidence for calcium carbonate cement dissolution and reprecipitation. The pore structure of the stones was of fundamental importance, as interconnecting pore channels increased permeability. The AB samples were found to have micro-porosity (< 5μ), created by cement and mineral dissolution, and interconnecting pore-space structures. Geochemical analysis identified the presence of soluble salts in the stone. Halite, gypsum and thenardite were present in abundance, particularly the AB samples. The occurrence of soluble salts at depth in the stone provided important information on the composition of the solutions driven into the stone at Culzean and the depths to which they could penetrate according to porosity and permeability. It also highlighted the presence of moisture at depth allowing salt crystallisation/hydration cycles and chemical reactions to take place. Analysis of the bulk chemistry of these three stones showed that overall the chemical make-up of each individual stone sampled was complicated and unique. There was no evidence for greater movement of specific elements through the stone profiles of the Adam's building stone when compared with the other two. Such was the natural chemical variation found in each of the stone profiles examined. The roles of temperature and humidity, controlling all aspects of moisture movement within the stone were also examined. These factors affected the ability of the stone to dry out and thus where the zone of maximum moisture content was situated and consequently where soluble salt crystallisation/hydration was heightened. There was surface evaporation of the exterior of the stone, behind which a wetting/drying zone allowed soluble salts to crystallise/dissolve. This salt crystallisation/solution zone moved in and out of the stone at depths of 10-40 mm, the zone of maximum moisture content. This resulted in the breakdown of the stone as its exterior surface spalled by the action of contour scaling. The results of this investigation have been used to produce a model for stone decay controlled by the ingress of salts in solution into the stone, and the ineffectual drying out of the stone.

Published
1998

15. Engagement with Higher Education Surface Pattern Design Students as a Catalyst for Circular Economy Action

Author

Whitehill, Steven, Hayles, Carolyn, Jenkins, Sean, Taylour, Jim, Whitehill, Steven, Hayles, Carolyn, Jenkins, Sean, and Taylour, Jim

Abstract

The ‘circular economy’ is seen as an approach by which the issue of sustainability can be addressed whilst broadly maintaining patterns of production, consumption, economic growth, and living standards. If circular economy ambitions are to be achieved, ways and processes of manufacturing need to radically change from the current linear model, and there is the potential for higher education students to act as active participants and catalysts, as explored in this research. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential for collaborative learning projects to generate value to all stakeholders and participants, with the definition of value pertinent to each participant’s needs whilst also addressing the principles of circular economy. A case study collaborative learning design project is used to illustrate the positive direct and indirect outcomes and to show how such design projects can form part of a wider drive for transition through innovation towards circular economy ways of working. We consider this research to be at the intersection of circular economy advancement and the integration of effective methods of education for the circular economy in higher education. A cohort of 29 undergraduate surface pattern design students was engaged in a challenge-based design project co-created with an established manufacturing firm. This research shows how such projects provide learning not only for students but also the case study firm and give tangible outputs in terms of new value-generative products. Through an examination of the reflective comments of participants, an outline of key aspects to consider in delivering such projects to ensure greatest impact is identified.

Published
2022

21. Supporting the role of universities in leading individual and societal transformation through education for sustainable development

Author

Price, Elizabeth AC, White, Rehema M, Mori, Kate, Longhurst, James, Baughan, Patrick, Hayles, Carolyn S, Gough, Georgina, Preist, Chris, Price, Elizabeth AC, White, Rehema M, Mori, Kate, Longhurst, James, Baughan, Patrick, Hayles, Carolyn S, Gough, Georgina, and Preist, Chris

Abstract

There is growing recognition of the value of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for all learners, and of the unique role that universities play in the transformation of individuals, institutions and societies towards more sustainable futures. Universities engage and even lead in several areas: education, research and community engagement, all of which are essential in this transformation. Further, given their focus and infuence, universities are pivotal to action needed to realise the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but, to date, UK university integration of ESD and engagement with the SDGs is relatively limited. In recognition that a more urgent and meaningful response is needed to deliver the 2030 targeted socio-economic transformation outlined by the SDGs, the UK ESD Guidance has been comprehensively revised to support universities to deliver education which enables students to acquire sustainability competencies, equipping them to play leadership roles in an increasingly uncertain world. In this case study, we critically analyse the role of universities and explore why ESD needs to be more urgently integrated in teaching and learning. We review the barriers to achieving ESD in UK universities at political and institutional levels. Finally, we explore the policy-practice interface and outline how the new UK ESD Guidance can support universities in leading individual and societal transformation through ESD and act as a stimulus for embedding ESD in university curricula in both UK and international contexts. We conclude that universities have as yet unfulflled potential to explore and facilitate ESD for sustainability leadership.

Published
2021

22. Education for sustainable development in higher education

Author

Price, Elizabeth, Longhurst, James, White, Rehema, Preist, Chris, Mori, Kate, Robinson, Zoe, Braughan, Patrick, Gough, Georgina, Hayles, Carolyn, Higgins, Peter, Molthan-Hill, Petra, Hack, Catherine, and Kemp, Simon

Published
2020

23. Dynamic knowledge creation through value management teams

Author

Fong, Patrick Sik-Wah, Hills, Martyn J., and Hayles, Carolyn S.

Subjects
Value (Economics) -- Analysis, Business, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

With the intention of introducing unique and value-added products to the market, organizations have become more conscious of how to best create knowledge as reported by Ganesh Bhatt in 2000 in 'Information dynamics, learning and knowledge creation in organizations.' Knowledge creation is recognized as having an important role in generating and sustaining a competitive advantage as well as in meeting organizational goals, as reported by Aleda Roth and her colleagues in 1994 in 'The knowledge factory for accelerated learning practices.' One of the successful ingredients of value management (VM) is its utilization of diverse knowledge resources, drawing upon different organizational functions, professional disciplines, and stakeholders, in a facilitated team process. Multidisciplinary VM study teams are viewed as having high potential to innovate due to their heterogeneous nature. This paper looks at one of the VM workshop's major benefits, namely, knowledge creation. A case study approach was used to explore the nature, processes, and issues associated with fostering a dynamic knowledge creation capability within VM teams. The results indicate that the dynamic knowledge creating process is embedded in and influenced by managing team constellation, creating shared awareness, developing shared understanding, and producing aligned action. The catalysts that can speed up the processes are open dialogue and discussion among participants. This process is enhanced by the use of facilitators, skilled at extracting knowledge. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2007)23:1(40) CE Database subject headings: Value engineering; Knowledge-based systems; Organizations.

Published
2007

28. Examining the economic, psychological and physiological benefits of retrofitting holistic sustainable and biophilic design strategies, for the indoor environment

Author

Edge, Steve and Hayles, Carolyn

Subjects
GE, TH, NA, TD
Abstract

Originally presented at conference as a powerpoint presentation: Living and Sustainability: An Environmental Critique of Design and Building Practices, Locally and Globally. AMPS, Architecture_MPS; London South Bank University, 09—10 February, 2017

Published
2017

31. Environmentally sustainable interior design: a snapshot of current supply of and demand for green, sustainable or Fair Trade products for interior design practice

Author

Hayles, Carolyn and Hayles, Carolyn

Abstract

Although environmentally sustainable interior design (ESID) has become a major issue in interior design practice, according to the literature the frequency with which interior designers make sustainable choices in real practice is still limited, particularly where materials selection is concerned. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of what constitutes a sustainable material choice and subsequently undertake a study of the current supply of and demand for green, sustainable and Fair Trade (GSFT) products for interior design practice. In the first instance a desk study of currently available GSFT materials was undertaken. Following this non-participant structured observation of accessibility of GSFT products and a survey on the supply of GSFT materials was undertaken. Finally semi structured interviews with retailers were conducted. The results demonstrate the wide range of GSFT products that are currently in the marketplace (including fabrics, window treatments, surface materials, flooring, walls and ceilings) and indeed many of these materials and products could be sourced from the retail outlets surveyed during the research. However it was not easy to readily identify GSFT products and frequently the researcher had to look through volumes of materials, relying on personal knowledge and manufacturers’ literature to determine the provenance of the materials marketed. Sourcing products in this way is inefficient and time consuming and has been highlighted as a barrier to engaging in ESID in the literature. Only a small number of the retailers interviewed have actively encouraged their customers to purchase GSFT. This reluctance to promote GSFT may reflect a lack of information on the provenance of materials to hand but also their belief that people are not aware of the benefits of either sustainable or green materials and therefore not engaged in ESID. If they perceived that there was a greater demand for GSFT products, the retailers may choo

Published
2015

37. The weathering of sandstone on historic buildings: Culzean Castle, a case study

Author

Hayles, Carolyn Susan and Hayles, Carolyn Susan

Abstract

Culzean Castle is located 45 miles south of Glasgow on the West Coast of Scotland. It is a fine example of the work of architect Robert Adam. The castle is currently owned by the National Trust for Scotland, and is one of Scotland's most popular tourist attractions. The stonework has suffered through prolonged exposure in the castle's cliff-top position overlooking the Firth of Clyde. As a result some of the stonework was replaced in the 1970s, and current with this research, more stonework needs to be replaced. The castle was constructed from local sandstones, specifically volcanigenic lithic arenites (quartz-rich sandstones containing feldspars, lithic fragments, clays and micas, cemented together with calcium carbonate). Culzean was built during three periods using local stone. The original Late-Medieval castle was constructed from what has proved to be 'durable sandstone' (OB) which shows little evidence of deterioration in its more sheltered location as the foundations of the current building. During the eighteenth century, Robert Adam designed additions to the castle using another local sandstone (AB). This stone has undergone considerable deterioration (e.g. spalling, contour scaling and surface pitting), and in some instances has failed, with surface material falling from the building. The majority of the AB stones, particularly on the Drum Tower balcony need to be cut back or replaced right away. Finally during the late 1800s a west wing was added to the castle, of redder sandstone from Maybole (VB), which currently exhibits some surface deterioration (mainly contour scaling), but not on the same scale as the AB stone. Research was undertaken to examine the differences between these stones, particularly to determine the characteristics of the AB stone which allow it to weather more rapidly than the others. Cores samples of 75 mm diameter, 150 mm depth were taken from the building using a dry drilling method to prevent chemical alteration. A number of analyt

38. The weathering of sandstone on historic buildings: Culzean Castle, a case study

Author

Hayles, Carolyn Susan and Hayles, Carolyn Susan

Abstract

Culzean Castle is located 45 miles south of Glasgow on the West Coast of Scotland. It is a fine example of the work of architect Robert Adam. The castle is currently owned by the National Trust for Scotland, and is one of Scotland's most popular tourist attractions. The stonework has suffered through prolonged exposure in the castle's cliff-top position overlooking the Firth of Clyde. As a result some of the stonework was replaced in the 1970s, and current with this research, more stonework needs to be replaced. The castle was constructed from local sandstones, specifically volcanigenic lithic arenites (quartz-rich sandstones containing feldspars, lithic fragments, clays and micas, cemented together with calcium carbonate). Culzean was built during three periods using local stone. The original Late-Medieval castle was constructed from what has proved to be 'durable sandstone' (OB) which shows little evidence of deterioration in its more sheltered location as the foundations of the current building. During the eighteenth century, Robert Adam designed additions to the castle using another local sandstone (AB). This stone has undergone considerable deterioration (e.g. spalling, contour scaling and surface pitting), and in some instances has failed, with surface material falling from the building. The majority of the AB stones, particularly on the Drum Tower balcony need to be cut back or replaced right away. Finally during the late 1800s a west wing was added to the castle, of redder sandstone from Maybole (VB), which currently exhibits some surface deterioration (mainly contour scaling), but not on the same scale as the AB stone. Research was undertaken to examine the differences between these stones, particularly to determine the characteristics of the AB stone which allow it to weather more rapidly than the others. Cores samples of 75 mm diameter, 150 mm depth were taken from the building using a dry drilling method to prevent chemical alteration. A number of analyt

39. The impact of occupant behaviour on passive environmental design strategies in heritage buildings : a case study of San Anton Palace, Malta

Author

Wismayer, Amber, McCullen, Nicholas, Hayles, Carolyn, and Natarajan, Sukumar

Subjects
720
Abstract

There is growing interest in the field of energy performance of heritage buildings. Mediterranean vernacular architecture incorporates passive environmental design strategies that have been shown to improve comfort and subsequently reduce energy demand. However, research has generally targeted technical solutions for energy efficiency. The subject of occupant perceptions and behaviour in heritage buildings has been largely neglected, despite acknowledgement of its potential in reducing energy demand. This research examined the framework for designing and assessing interventions on vernacular architecture in Malta. It sought to identify core determinants that may support the sustainable regeneration of built heritage. It aimed to determine whether the inherent potential of passive environmental design strategies in the case study of San Anton Palace in Malta are being compromised. Adopting a mixed-method approach, primarily comprising qualitative techniques, the study encompassed workshops, a questionnaire, a focus group, and a case analysis. It evaluated the perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders and building occupants and users. The results demonstrate that, in addressing local architectural heritage, focus has been placed on aesthetic preservation of the built fabric, rather than the building dynamics. Robust value is not attributed to passive strategies, inherent to this typology, as a functional environmental control mechanism improving comfort. Although these features can effectively contribute to improving occupant comfort, and hence reduced energy demand, their potential is not being effectively utilised. The findings highlight areas of priority in: - the national systems and educational framework targeting public awareness and stakeholders’ knowledge base surrounding passive environmental design strategies in heritage buildings; and - the regulatory framework designed to assess interventions on heritage buildings. The main contributions to knowledge are summarised as follows: 1. The study provided an understanding of the inherent potential offered by passive environmental design strategies at San Anton Palace, Attard, highlighting the ways in which the potential is being compromised; and putting forward recommendations on how the potential may be maximised. In doing so, a pre-design intervention assessment methodology for large-scale, mixed-use heritage buildings has been developed and validated. The methodology: - outlines pertinent parameters to be investigated; - focuses on proactively and continuously engaging building occupants and users; and - includes best practice guidelines on a user-centred approach to on-site environmental monitoring of in-use heritage buildings. 2. The study identified shortfalls in the existing infrastructure supporting the sustainable regeneration of built heritage in Malta, and developed recommendations to maximising the potential of passive environmental design strategies in providing comfort, thereby reducing energy demand. Having recognised the impact of occupant behaviour on this potential, the proposals were designed to be user-centric, focusing on: - positive environmental behaviour; - informed decision-making; and - a supportive framework for the design and assessment of heritage building interventions.

Published
2020

40. Ανθεκτικότητα των εκπαιδευτικών Κτηρίων της Κύπρου ως προς την Κλιματική Αλλαγή: Εξέταση των προσεγγίσεων αναβάθμισης και οι επιπτώσεις τους στις συνθήκες άνεσης και στην ενεργειακή απόδοση

Author

Heracleous, Chryso G., Michael, Aimilios, Savvides, Andreas, Hayles, Carolyn, Phocas, Marios, Natarajan, Sukumar, Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, Πολυτεχνική Σχολή, Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτονικής, University of Cyprus, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, Heracleous, Chryso G. [0000-0002-2177-9370], and Michael, Aimilios [0000-0001-8604-1054]

Subjects
ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΑΛΛΑΓΗ, ΠΟΙΟΤΗΤΑ ΑΕΡΑ, RETROFIT APPROACHES, THERMAL COMFORT, ΘΕΡΜΙΚΗ ΑΝΕΣΗ, ENERGY PERFORMANCE, ΟΠΤΙΚΗ ΑΝΕΣΗ, Κύπρος -- Κλίμα, CLIMATE CHANGE, AIR QUALITY, ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΕΙΣ ΑΝΑΒΑΘΜΙΣΗΣ, ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΚΗ ΑΠΟΔΟΣΗ, School buildings -- Cyprus, School buildings -- Environmental aspects -- Cyprus, EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS IN CYPRUS, ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΑ ΚΤΙΡΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΥΠΡΟ, ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΚΟΣΤΟΥΣ ΚΥΚΛΟΥ ΖΩΗΣ, School buildings -- Energy conservation -- Cyprus, VISUAL COMFORT, LIFE CYCLE COSTING ANALYSIS, Κύπρος -- Κτήρια, κατασκευές, κλπ
Abstract

Includes bibliographical references. Number of sources in the bibliography: 499 Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Cyprus, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, 2021. The University of Cyprus Library holds the printed form of the thesis. H ευαισθητοποίηση σχετικά με την κλιματική αλλαγή και η επιτακτική ανάγκη μείωσης των εκπομπών διοξειδίου του άνθρακα στα κτίρια, σε συνδυασμό με τις ανησυχίες σχετικά με την άνεση των χρηστών εντός των κτιρίων λόγω της αύξησης της θερμοκρασίας όλο και αυξάνονται. Οι επιβλαβείς επιπτώσεις στην υγεία που οφείλονται στην αλλαγή του κλίματος σχετίζονται με την αύξηση της υπερθέρμανσης, τα ακραία καιρικά φαινόμενα και την κακή ποιότητα του αέρα. Έχει καταστεί προφανές ότι η Νότια Ευρώπη θα αντιμετωπίσει πιο δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις στην κλιματική αλλαγή σε σύγκριση με άλλες ευρωπαϊκές περιοχές. Η μελέτη στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση της ευπάθειας των εκπαιδευτικών κτιρίων της Κύπρου ενόψει των τρεχουσών και μελλοντικών κλιματολογικών συνθηκών μέσω έρευνας πεδίου, χρήσης ερωτηματολογίων και λογισμικού δυναμικής προσομοίωσης και, στην παρουσίαση μιας μεθοδολογίας για την αξιολόγηση της θερμικής άνεσης, του κινδύνου υπερθέρμανσης, της ποιότητας του αέρα, της οπτικής άνεσης και των επιπτώσεων που μπορεί να έχουν στην ενεργειακή απόδοση. Ο απώτερος στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να αναπτύξει μια μεθοδολογία για τη στήριξη της λήψης αποφάσεων για τη βιώσιμη προσαρμογή των υπαρχόντων εκπαιδευτικών κτιρίων μέσω μιας ολιστικής προσέγγισης παρεμβάσεων που συνοδεύεται από τεχνοοικονομική ανάλυση. The awareness about climate change and the urgent need to decrease carbon emissions in buildings, in combination with concerns about occupants’ comfort due to the rise of temperature, are continuously increasing. Harmful health impacts resulting from climate change are related to increasing heat stress, extreme weather conditions, and poor air quality. It has become evident that Southern Europe will experience more adverse effects of climate change compared to other European regions. The study aims to investigate the vulnerability of educational buildings in Cyprus, in view of current and future climatic conditions by means of field measurements, questionnaires and dynamic simulation software and, to present a methodology for the assessment of thermal comfort, overheating risks, air quality, visual comfort and their implication in energy performance. Ultimately, this study develops and proposes a methodology to support decision-making processes for the sustainable adaptation of existing educational buildings, through holistic-approach interventions, accompanied by techno-economic analysis.

Published
2021

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