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This work focused on removing iron with oxalic acid from red clay samples collected from Kapasia Upazila, Gazipur District, Bangladesh. To characterize the red clay, the study employed several techniques: particle size analysis, WDXRF (wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence), AAS (atomic absorption spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy). Additionally, leaching experiments were conducted with varying concentrations of oxalic acid, temperatures and times. After leaching, the red clay composition changed significantly: SiO₂ increased from 53.6 % to 63.13 %, Fe₂O₃ decreased from 17.1 % to 3.64 %, Al₂O₃ remained relatively stable at 18 %–18.22 %, and other oxides showed minor variations. 78.71 % of the iron was removed at optimal leaching conditions (1.0 M oxalic acid, 100 °C, 150 min, and 250 rpm). Mineralogically, the red clay samples are composed of illite, kaolinite, quartz, feldspar, hematite and chlorite. Thermal analysis showed significant weight loss at temperatures between 300 and 600 °C. Ceramic trials were conducted at firing temperatures of 900 °C and 1100 °C to evaluate the mechanical properties of tiles. The results obtained showed significant improvements in red clay quality for ceramics. Being a low-cost and eco-friendly process, this becomes a very prominent alternative to conventional iron removal techniques and helps produce high-quality ceramic tiles, contributing towards economic growth in Bangladesh.

The book Qawa’id al-Tafsir by Al-Sabt is known for presenting the principles of Al-Qur'an interpretation in a systematic, economical, concise, and easily understandable manner. However, the book lacks explanations regarding the indications behind the unconventional use of Damair (pronouns), which causes anxiety among students. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach and falls under the category of library research. The results show that although Al-Sabt's book is well-structured, the lack of an in-depth explanation about the unconventional use of Damair leads to dissatisfaction and confusion among readers. It makes readers feel that the Al-Qur'an employs irregular principles without clear reasons. This deficiency underscores the importance of thorough explanations in using interpretative principles to enhance understanding and tranquillity for readers. This study highlights the urgency of explaining Damair's principles and offers a new perspective in the critical analysis of Al-Sabt's work. It contributes to the development of Al-Qur'an interpretation studies by providing insights into the importance of conveying the reasons behind using Damair principles in Al-Qur'an exegesis. These findings are expected to enrich the scholarly discourse on Al-Qur'an interpretation and serve as a reference for researchers and students.

This article explores the manuscript of Qur’anic translation written by Bhuju’ Bukkol, a Madurese scholar who lived in the 18th/19th century and whose existence was sacred to the local community. Specifically, this paper seeks to examine the accuracy of his translation from linguistical aspect, as well as the implications of the translation in socio-religious perspective. The focus of the analysis of the translation is directed at the word ‘tukadhdhibān’, whose translation is different from the majority of the Qur’anic translations. By using analytical descriptive method and several translation theories, this paper argues that the translation of the word ‘angeliyoaken’ is categorized into the meaning translation. The translation has linguistically fulfilled the brief and concise elements, but from the aspect of lexical accuracy, the meaning is not correct. On the other hand, the translation of the word is considered communicative, as the accuracy of understanding is quite precise. From the social aspect, the selection of the diction ‘angeliyoaken’ is considered as an effort to find a safe point based on two considerations, namely: not to damage the original understanding of ‘tukadhdhibān’ and not to cause offense to ordinary people who are socially considered quite sensitive

This study delves into the patterns of urban expansion in Kabul, using Landsat and Sentinel satellite imagery as primary tools for analysis. We classified land use and land cover (LULC) into five distinct categories: water bodies, vegetation, barren land, barren rocky terrain, and buildings. The necessary data processing and analysis was conducted using ERDAS Imagine v.2015 and ArcGIS 10.8 software. Our main objective was to scrutinize changes in LULC across five discrete decades. Additionally, we traced the long-term evolution of built-up areas in Kabul from 1973 to 2020. The classified satellite images revealed significant changes across all categories. For instance, the area of built-up land reduced from 29.91% in 2013 to 23.84% in 2020, while barren land saw a decrease from 33.3% to 28.4% over the same period. Conversely, the proportion of barren rocky terrain exhibited an increase from 22.89% in 2013 to 29.97% in 2020. Minor yet notable shifts were observed in the categories of water bodies and vegetated land use. The percentage of water bodies shrank from 2.51% in 2003 to 1.30% in 2013, and the extent of vegetated land use showed a decline from 13.61% in 2003 to 12.6% in 2013. Our study unveiled evolving land use patterns over time, with specific periods recording an increase in barren land and a slight rise in vegetated areas. These findings underscored the dynamic transformation of Kabul’s urban landscape over the years, with significant implications for urban planning and sustainability.

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of different DKA precipitating factors and the initial clinical feature at the time of admission. This descriptive prospective cross sectional study based on purposive sampling, was conducted in the medical ward of Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital from 28/12/2019 to 10/2/2021 including both female and male patients of any type of DM with DKA at the time of admission. After thorough history taking, physical examination and investigations such as lab, radiological and ECG, precipitating factors were found out. All 72 patients had DKA. 52 (72.2%) patients were female and 20 (27.8%) were male. 11 patients (15.3%) were type 1 and 61 (84.7%) were type 2 DM. The median age of the patients was 50; median weight was 61; median systolic blood pressure 120 mmHg and the median FBS was 272 mg/dl at the time of admission. Nausea/vomiting (49, 68.1%), tachycardia (46, 63.9%), dry tongue (42, 58.3%), and epigastric tenderness (40, 55.6%), were the most frequent clinical presentation. Infection specifically UTI (68.1%) was the most frequent precipitating factor followed by IHD (11.1%) and insulin withdrawal (5.6%) respectively. UTI distribution across gender (52.8% vs 15.2% two sided P value 0.14 CI 0.95), DM type (58.33% T2DM vs 9.72% in T1DM out of 68% two sided P value 0.7 CI 0.95) and age category was different, however not significant due to the small sample size where the same story occurred with FBS difference across gender (two sided P value 0.035, CI 95%). Infection especially UTI, ischemic heart disease and insulin withdrawal are the leading precipitating factors; and clinical presentation of gastrointestinal tract (nausea/vomiting), dehydration (dry tongue), cardiovascular system and urinary tract are the most prevalent in DKA patients at the time of admission in Nangarhar Afghanistan

Assessing the economic impact of sand and dust storms provides critical insights to policy development and reforms; a subject that is gaining more attention as risk management becomes the dominant approach for hazard mitigation policies. To assess the causal impact of sand and dust storms on agriculture, specifically on crop and livestock revenue and physical production, random year-to-year variations in dust exposure were analyzed using a fixed effect regression. To complete this analysis, weather and climate data from the on-ground meteorological stations was combined with the household level socioeconomic surveys conducted by Mongolia's National Statistics Office (NSO) over a decade. The descriptive statistics of the meteorological data collected over the eight years period show that, on average, 29 dust events have occurred every year across the country, with greater variation among provinces (Aimags) and regions, reaching up to 108 events in a year in some provinces. The overall trend reveals a slight decrease in the dust events from 2009 to 2019. The econometric results show that value of crop and livestock production (gross income) and physical yields significantly decline in response to higher frequencies of sand and dust storms events. During this period, Mongolia experienced a 2.7% decline in crop revenue as a result of additional sand and dust storms. Assuming 2.7% constant decline in revenues across all agricultural sub-sectors and regions or Aimags, this could lead to about $37.8 million in losses to the economy, which is equivalent to about 0.27% of the national GDP of Mongolia. Increases in the frequency of sand and dust storms could reduce agricultural productivity by between 1.5% to 24%, depending on the crop. Estimates from the modelling exercise are robust to potential endogeneity bias in the measure of sand and dust storms; different specification and identification approaches accounting for the endogeneity bias consistently reveal negative and qualitatively similar impacts of sand and dust storms on crop and livestock productivity.

Purpose: Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) causes a severe, usually fatal disease in goats known as Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP). CCPP is listed by OIE as a notifiable animal diseases, causing economic losses in terms of high morbidity and mortality. Thus far, very limited information is available on the molecular characterization of the unique Mccp strains prevalent in Pakistan. The study was aimed to isolate Mccp local strain for the development of diagnostics and vaccines. Methods: Samples were collected during November 2017–December 2018 at Northern areas of Pakistan from 10 goat flocks each in Gilgit-Baltistan, Chitral, Swat, Buner, and Hazara. 900 samples were collected; nasal swabs (n = 400), tracheal swabs (n = 150) from naturally infected goats showing clinical signs of CCPP, and lungs tissue (n = 200), pleural fluid (n = 150) from goats at necropsy. Results: The clinical signs recorded were mucopurulent nasal discharges, cough, abdominal respiration and hyperthermia. The post-mortem revealed, pulmonary consolidation, fibrinous pleuropneumonia, and accumulation pleural fluid. The fried egg like growth was observed on agar in 16 (4%), 11 (7.3%), 38 (19%), and 24 (16%) nasal swab, tracheal swabs, lungs and pleural fluid samples, respectively. PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene revealed isolates, belongs to Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, in 72 (8%) samples. Forty one (4.5%) isolates were Mccp by specie specific PCR generating an amplicon of 316 bp. Conclusions: We successfully isolated local strain of Mccp for the first time in Pakistan. This Mccp strain could be further utilized for the development of diagnostics and control measures against Mccp infection in goats.

Background:People who are dealing with psychological disorders are not able to take care of themselves; therefore, their family has to take care of them. While dealing with psychological issues is itself difficult for their family members. Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder are psychological severe disorder that has a considerable influence not only in the patient but also for the entire family. This study aims to determine a relationship between life satisfaction and caregiver burden among caregivers of patients suffering from psychiatric illness.Methodology:We started the research after approval from the board of study and prior consent from the psychiatric hospitals' higher authorities and rehabilitation centers in Karachi. The authorities demonstrated the research objectives, the consent letter, and the questionnaire to be filled by the researcher. Zarit Burden Interview Scale (ZBIS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Pavot & Diener) were used. The sample size of this study was 170 psychiatric patients. Psychiatric patients were dividedinto schizophrenia disorder (n=85) and bipolar disorder (n=85). Results:The result indicates that the caregiver burden is the predictor of satisfaction with life in patients with bipolar disorders. It also shows in results that there was a significantdifference among the different levels of the duration of illness on the variable of caregiver burden scale and satisfaction life scale among the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Further, findings indicate significant differences between males' and females' caregivers of psychiatric patients on the variable of caregiver burden and satisfaction with life scale.Conclusion:We concluded that caregiver burden significantly affects the mental health of the caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders. Also, caregivers of people who are mentally ill patients suffer a lot of burdens. Therefore, interventions that can assist them, such as providing them with a support system and counselling services, must be created.

Orphan crops are indigenous and invariably grown by small and marginal farmers under subsistence farming systems. These crops, which are common and widely accepted by local farmers, are highly rich in nutritional profile, good for medicinal purposes, and well adapted to suboptimal growing conditions. However, these crops have suffered neglect and abandonment from the scientific community because of very low or no investments in research and genetic improvement. A plausible reason for this is that these crops are not traded internationally at a rate comparable to that of the major food crops such as wheat, rice, and maize. Furthermore, marginal environments have poor soils and are characterized by extreme weather conditions such as heat, erratic rainfall, water deficit, and soil and water salinity, among others. With more frequent extreme climatic events and continued land degradation, orphan crops are beginning to receive renewed attention as alternative crops for dietary diversification in marginal environments and, by extension, across the globe. Increased awareness of good health is also a major contributor to the revived attention accorded to orphan crops. Thus, the introduction, evaluation, and adaptation of outstanding varieties of orphan crops for dietary diversification will contribute not only to sustained food production but also to improved nutrition in marginal environments. In this review article, the concept of orphan crops vis-à-vis marginality and food and nutritional security is defined for a few orphan crops. We also examined recent advances in research involving orphan crops and the potential of these crops for dietary diversification within the context of harsh marginal environments. Recent advances in genomics coupled with molecular breeding will play a pivotal role in improving the genetic potential of orphan crops and help in developing sustainable food systems. We concluded by presenting a potential roadmap to future research engagement and a policy framework with recommendations aimed at facilitating and enhancing the adoption and sustainable production of orphan crops under agriculturally marginal conditions.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Low back pain is a common problem in society. Acute low back pain can persist for up to six weeks and requires immediate attention for treatment. The muscle energy technique was mostly used in rehabilitation for strengthening and relaxation purposes. The objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of the muscle energy technique in patients with acute low back pain. METHODOLOGY: It was a quasi-experimental trial; with a sample size of 60 were collected from 05 June 2020 to 05 November 2020. A convenient sampling technique was used and patients were divided into two groups after inclusion and exclusion criteria. The tools were the Standardized visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). The setting was Ibn e Siena Hospital and Research Institute, Multan and Multi-care physiotherapy clinic Multan. An Independent t-test was applied to measure the significance of data. The experimental group was treated by muscle energy technique and the control group was treated through neuromuscular control exercises. RESULTS: Total number of patients in the study was 60, equally divided into two groups. Pre and post control and experiment group ODI mean±SD 28.13±5.25, 12.66±3.78 and 26.13±4.12, 7.80±3.14, pre and post-VAS 8.70±0.79, 8.30± 1.17 and 2.00± 1.20, 0.76± 1.00 respectively. There was a significant difference (p

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly fatal infectious disease of goats, caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). This disease is causing huge economic losses to the goat industry in Pakistan. However, little is known about the epidemiology of CCPP, especially in the hard areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, despite having a huge population of goats. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate sero-molecular epidemiology and pathology associated with Mccp infection in goats in southern areas of KP including Dera Ismail Khan (DI Khan), Bannu, Karak, and Kohat. A total of 200 (50 from each area) serum samples were collected from clinically infected goats, whereas 600 various samples (nasal swab n = 50, pleural fluid n = 50, lungs n = 50 at each selected area of study) were collected from live goats showing respiratory clinical signs and dead/slaughter goats having lesions in the lungs/pleura. A commercial competitive ELISA kit confirmed anti-Mccp antibodies in altogether 17% of serum samples, while area-wise seroprevalence was recorded as follows: Kohat, 28%, Bannu, 18%, DI Khan, 14%, and Karak, 8%. Moreover, a total of 5.5% of samples collected from clinically positive live and dead goats for Mccp were found by species-specific PCR, whereas area-wise molecular prevalence of Mccp was found in 3% samples from Kohat, 7.33%, Bannu, 6%, Khan, 5.33%, and Karak, 3.33%. Of 400 clinically examined goats, 242 (60%) had nasal discharge, 207 (51%) had pyrexia, 50.75% (203) had coughing, 48.25% (193) had pneumonia, 23% (92) had lacrimation, 7.75% (31) had pneumonia with lacrimation, and 10 (2.5%) showed all signs. Of the total 200 dead/slaughtered goats, pleural fluid was found in 36 goats and consolidation and red hepatization were observed in 40 and 42 goats, respectively. The present study found the presence of prevailing Mccp strain in the goat population of the study area. The highest prevalence of Mccp was found in collected samples from Kohat by PCR. The highest seroprevalence of Mccp was found in serum samples collected from Kohat by ELISA.

The current study was designed to evaluate genotoxic and toxicopathological effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in fresh water fish also known as Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). For the in vitro production of AFB1, Aspergillus flavus spores were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and then rice was used as a substrate. The quantity of AFB1 was found 50ppb/g of rice using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A total of n=150 Grass carp (42±5 g) were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A (kept as a control), while groups B, C, D and E were exposed to 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 75 ppb and 100 ppb AFB1 per kg of diet, respectively, for 49 days. The average weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish was significantly higher in group A (WG-15.35 g and SGR-0.63%) compared to group E (WG-6.55 g and SGR-0.28%). The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was significantly (P

Abstrak. Kompetensi adalah suatu hal yang dikaitkan dengan kemampuan, pengetahuan atau wawasan, dan sikap yang dijadikan suatu pedoman dalam melakukan tanggung jawab pekerjaan yang dikerjakan. Persaingan di bidang pendidikan tinggi menyebabkan bertambah dan berkurangnya yang mendaftar di perguruan tinggi. Keadaan ini memaksa kampus untuk mencari berbagai strategi baru yang menjadikan pendidikan tinggi Islam mampu bertahan dan berkembang dalam persaingan tingkat nasional bahkan tingkat dunia. Berdasarkan persoalan di atas, penulis ingin meneliti lebih lanjut tentang Kompetensi Alumni KPI dalam Mencari Peluang Kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi pendekatan kuaitatif, yang mengkaji tentang bagaimana kompetensi dan kendala alumni KPI dalam mencari peluang kerja.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dimana dalam penelitian ini lebih menekankan pada makna dan proses daripada hasil suatu aktifitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di beberapa kantor pemerintahan di Kota Lhokseumawe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memberikan perhatian penting terhadap lulusan atau alumni Fakultas Dakwah, khususnya alumni Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam (KPI) Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Ar-Raniry. Mereka mampu dan bisa tampil di forum-forum, menjadi penceramah, khatib, wartawan. Sebagian alumni KPI mendapatkan peluang kerja yang baik dari pemerintah, seperti ada yang menjadi Kepala Kantor Kemenag Lhokseumawe, Ketua MPU Lhokseumawe, Sekwan DPRK Lhokseumawe. Mereka juga bekerja di IAIN Lhokseumawe. Kendala alumni KPI dalam mencari kerja salah satunya adalah tidak adanya wadah perkumpulan alumni, sehingga sulit berbagi informasi, baik yang berhubungan dengan peluang kerja atau lainnya. Kendala lainnya adalah alumni KPI tidak mampu mengaplikasikan ilmu yang didapat saat menjadi mahasiswa, sehingga berefek dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata kunci: Kompetensi, Alumni komunikasi Islam, Peluang Kerja Abstract. Competence is a matter that is associated with ability, knowledge or insight, and attitude that is used as a guideline in carrying out the responsibilities of work done. Competition in the field of higher education leads to increased and reduced enrollment in higher education. This situation forced the campus to look for various new strategies that made Islamic higher education able to survive and develop in national and world-level competition. Based on the above problems, the author would like to examine more about KPI Alumni Competence in Finding Job Opportunities. This study uses a qualitative approach methodology, which examines how the competencies and constraints of KPI alumni in seeking employment opportunities. This study uses a qualitative approach wherein this research emphasizes the meaning and process rather than the results of an activity. This research was carried out in several government offices in Lhokseumawe City. The results showed that the community gave important attention to the graduates or alumni of the Da'wah Faculty, specifically the alumni of Islamic Communication and Broadcasting (KPI) of the State Islamic University (UIN) Ar-Raniry. They can and can appear in forums, become lecturers, preachers, reporters. Some KPI alumni get good employment opportunities from the government, such as those who are the Head of the Lhokseumawe Ministry of Religion Office, Chair of the MPU Lhokseumawe, Sekwan DPRK Lhokseumawe. They also worked at IAIN Lhokseumawe. One of the obstacles for KPI alumni in finding work is the absence of alumni association containers, so that it is difficult to share information, whether related to employment opportunities or others. Another obstacle is that KPI alumni are unable to apply the knowledge gained when they are students, so that it has an effect on daily life. Keywords: Competence, Islamic Communication Alumni, Job Opportunities

Global demand for quinoa has substantially grown seemingly due to the rich nutritional ingredients in quinoa grain and its resilience to unfavorable and harsh biotical stresses and environmental factors prevalent in marginal environments. Research evidence suggest that global quinoa production as well as the number of quinoa-producing countries have been substantially increased throughout the last few years. With intensive research trails and tests underway in new countries across the world, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, researchers and policymakers are determined to upscale its commercial production. However, little is known about its economic viability to substantiate the adoption and ultimately the sustainability of quinoa production. The economic analysis carried out in this study suggests that quinoa can be highly profitable, but its economic viability largely depends on the availability of high-yielding verities, best management practices through demand-driven extension services, and reliable market information on local demand and prices. Under the most-likely production scenario, estimated net profit can reach up to AED 6,059 ($1,651) per hectare. Given the lack of quality data, the estimated net gains are simulated to assess the level of sensitivity due to potential uncertainties and volatility in key variables and assumptions. After 10,000 iterations, the results from Monte Carlo simulation reveals that the average value of simulated net gains is about AED 8,265 per hectare with no significant chances of negative profits.

Participatory video involves co-researchers using digital or video cameras to create their own videos and present issues according to their sense of what is important. In 2018, the authors—including three co-researchers from refugee backgrounds—collaborated through participatory video research to document views on better access and participation in higher education. Here, we reflect on key ethical issues encountered and share lessons learnt from our project. Our aim is not to discredit this methodology but to contribute new discussions on how participatory video can be used effectively as a form of self-representation to target wide audiences and effect social and policy change. This way, debates on the social and political potentialities of arts-based methods such as participatory video can be expanded. Since deploying participatory video in forced migration research is a relatively novel approach, there is much scope to expand the contours of knowledge on its potential to reach diverse audiences and open up new opportunities for social and political impact.

Agricultural production in the Rehamna region, Morocco is limited with various challenges including drought and salinity. Introduction of climate resilient and rustic crops such as quinoa was an optimal solution to increase farmer’s income and improve food security. This study summarizes results obtained from a research project aiming to develop quinoa value chain in Morocco. The study tackled several aspects including agronomic traits (yield and growth), transformation, quality (nutritional and antinutritional traits) and economic analysis and, finally, a strength–weaknesses–opportunities–threats analysis, lessons learned and development perspectives were presented. From an agronomic point of view, introduced new quinoa cultivars showed higher performance than locally cultivated seeds and, furthermore, the use of irrigation and organic amendment has tremendously improved seed yield by double and three times, respectively, compared to rainfed conditions. Nutritional analysis revealed that protein and phosphorus content remained stable after seed pearling while most of the micronutrients content decreased after seed pearling. However, saponins content was reduced by 68% using mechanical pearling compared to 57% using both traditional abrasion and washing. The economic analysis showed that production cost of quinoa seeds could be further decreased using mechanized intensive tools along with irrigation and organic amendment supply. This study revealed several lessons learned from the field experience and proposed several development actions for each value chain component that can be implemented within a national quinoa program.

This article examines critically the three major sociological theories namely, Structural Functionalism, Symbolic Interactionism and Conflict theory. These theories are formulated on the pattern of science where scientific method is strictly adhered to. Considering the nature and the essence of the social phenomenon and its component parts the author argues that the application of pure scientific method in the study or analysis of the social phenomenon fail to present an accurate understanding of the social phenomenon. Thus, an alternative method which is capable of taking into consideration both physical and metaphysical aspects of the social phenomenon is required. Toward this end this article attempts to delineate the three major theories of sociology, their shortcoming and loophole, then attempt to highlight the constituent elements of the social phenomenon and their significance in formulation of comprehensive sociological theories. An Islamic perspective on sociological theories is also provided in the last part of this article where the discrepancy of the sociological theories are disclosed and a proposal for a more dynamic method for the formulation of sociological theories of comprehensive nature is made.

Omental and mesenteric lipomas are very rare benign lesions of mature adipose tissue. They are well-defined, noninvasive, and encapsulated masses that can be discovered in asymptomatic patients or may cause variable nonspecific symptoms depending on their size and location. The omental and mesenteric lipoma has confusing features in ultrasound; however, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can well characterize and demarcate these lesions. Though few cases of mesenteric and omental lipomas have been reported in the literature, but because of its large size and childhood presentation, the case we present, can be one of the largest childhood omental and mesenteric lipomas ever reported. A 6-year-old girl presented with slowly progressing abdominal distension and repeated dull abdominal pain for last 4 years. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography examination revealed a huge mesenteric and omental lipoma that was resected surgically without any complications.

Hubungan Kekaisaran Ottoman telah berlangsung cukup lama dengan kesultanan Aceh. Kedua negara ini saling mengirim duta besar dan Utsmaniyah sendiri telah memenuhi tuntutan Sultan Aceh Darussalam seperti mengirim pasukan, peralatan dan bahkan ahli persenjataan. Harmonisasi kedua kerajaan Islam ini masih memiliki bukti sejarah sampai sekarang sebagai makam Tgk Dibitai (Salahaddin). Selain keinginan untuk membantu Aceh sebagai saudara, Utsmani juga memiliki kepentingan lain, yaitu kepentingan politik dan ekonomi. Saat ini Portugis merupakan ancaman utama di perairan laut merah. Jika bertransaksi di laut merah terganggu oleh tindakan Portugis pasti akan menjadi masalah bagi perekonomian Mekkah, karena jalur pelayarannya ke Mekah melalui laut merah. Aceh sendiri pada waktu itu juga menyerahkan dirinya dinyatakan patuh kepada Ottoman sebagai khilafah Islam. Meski dilihat dari segi letak geografis kedua kerajaan ini sangat jauh. Posisi Ottoman Turki berada di Eropa tengah, sedangkan Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam di Asia Tenggara (pinggiran kota).

Islam presents a comprehensive system of life based on divine guidance. Its dynamism is due its general principles through which solutions for any conceivable situation could be sought. This is in line with the signification of the Quranic verse: “We have not neglected in the record a thing . . .” This necessitates the adoption of an adequate methodology for the derivation of rulings from revealed source. A strict literal approach in understanding of the revealed text would not facilitate solutions for new issues due to the limitation of the text. Thus, maslahah, as a method of interpretation of revealed guidance can play a crucial role in providing solutions for new issues of legal and civilizational nature. Therefore, this article attempts to examine the instrumental role of maslahah in revitalization of Islamic thought. It also highlights the necessity for reviving ijtihad through which stagnation from intellectual spheres of Muslim world could be removed. Maslahah in this context provides an effective instrument for the purpose, hence, can play significant role in restoring originality and dynamism to Islamic thought.

Islam presents a unique and comprehensive view of the concept of society. For, it perceives it as an association formed in accordance with the Divine revelation contained in Quran and the Sunnah of the prophet, synthesising material, and the spiritual aspects of human life. It views society as an organic whole, where all aspects of life are considered as a component part of the body hence, negating sectarianism and racism. Therefore, this paper attempts to illuminate the concept of society from Islamic perspective and analyse the nature and characteristics of social order in Islam. It also throw some light on the social principles devised by Islam for the formation of an integrated social system, and the measures for nourishment and nurturing of the internal and external aspects of human nature. Using an analytical approach the paper concludes that Islam presents a dynamic conception of the society embodying universal characteristics hence, capable of transforming all humanity to a single brotherhood.

AbstractWe use three waves (2011–2012 to 2016–2017) of nationally representative repeated cross section surveys to study the impact of crop diversification (number of crops grown) on household welfare, measured by real adult equivalent consumption and food expenditure and dietary diversity, in Afghanistan. Diversification is very low (almost half grow only one crop and fewer than a fifth grow three or more crops) but increased during the period. A multinomial endogenous switching regression (MESR) addressing selection bias and endogeneity is used to estimate average treatment effects of moving from one crop to two crops and then to three or more crops. The analysis shows that crop diversification increases household consumption and food spending, and, to a modest extent, dietary diversity compared to undiversified households. This holds irrespective of conflict although the effect varies; households experiencing violence tend to divert spending to food from other consumption spending and only the most diversified are able to increase spending compared to undiversified households. The evidence implies that supporting crop diversification can improve food security (through combined effects on spending and food diversity) and mitigate the negative impacts of conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]