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The histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma affects the prognosis. In the present study, we performed a radiomics analysis to extract features from 18F-FDG PET image data, created machine learning models from the features, and verified the accuracy of the prediction of the histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The subjects were 191 patients in whom an 18F-FDG-PET examination was performed preoperatively and a histopathological grade was confirmed after surgery, and their tumor sizes were sufficient for a radiomics analysis. These patients were split in a 70%/30% ratio for use as training data and testing data, respectively. We extracted 2993 radiomics features from the PET images of each patient. Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) machine learning models were created. The areas under the curve obtained from receiver operating characteristic curves for the prediction of the histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma were 0.72, 0.71, 0.84, 0.74, and 0.73 for LR, SVM, RF, NB, and KNN, respectively. We confirmed that a PET radiomics analysis is useful for the preoperative prediction of the histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complication of diabetes is neuropathic pain, which is difficult to control with medication. We have confirmed that neuropathic pain due to mechanical allodynia in diabetic mice is mediated by a characteristic neuropeptide in the spinal cord. We evaluated the strength of mechanical allodynia in mice using von Frey filaments. When mice were intravenously injected with streptozotocin, mechanical allodynia appeared 3 days later. Antibodies of representative neuropeptides were intrathecally (i.t.) administered to allodynia-induced mice 7 days after the intravenous administration of streptozotocin, and allodynia was reduced by anti-cholecystokinin octapeptide antibodies, anti-nociceptin/orphanin FQ antibodies, and anti-hemokinin-1 antibodies. In contrast, i.t.-administered anti-substance P antibodies, anti-somatostatin antibodies, and anti-angiotensin II antibodies did not affect streptozotocin-induced diabetic allodynia mice. Mechanical allodynia was attenuated by the i.t. administration of CCK-B receptor antagonists and ORL-1 receptor antagonists. The mRNA level of CCK-B receptors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic allodynia mice increased in the spinal cord, but not in the dorsal root ganglion. These results indicate that diabetic allodynia is caused by cholecystokinin octapeptide, nociceptin/orphanin FQ, and hemokinin-1 released from primary afferent neurons in the spinal cord that transmit pain to the brain via the spinal dorsal horn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cancer treatment, perioperative oral functional management is used as a part of supportive care. Its main objectives are as follows: (1) preventing and reducing adverse events, (2) maintaining or improving nutritional status, (3) improving cancer treatment outcomes, (4) maintaining or improving quality of life, (5) providing high quality medical care through comprehensive oral care, (6) controlling odontogenic foci of infection, and (7) maintaining or improving oral function. A literature search was conducted using the electronic databases of Medical Journal and PubMed. Electronic database searches were performed using various combinations of the following key words: cancer, surgery, treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and dental disease, oral care, oral management, dental intervention, oral health, dental care, and dental management. The selection of literature for inclusion in the review was restricted to dental management of patients receiving cancer treatment. In the course of the literature review, hand searches were also added as needed. The guideline was developed by summarizing the results of the review. Based on a review of the literature on the management of dental foci of infection in the oral functional management of patients undergoing cancer treatment, a guideline was developed by summarizing the results of the review. This report is a secondary publication of our previous review report "J. Stomatol. Soc. 70(4): 279–289. Dec 2021." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare benign mixed tumor composed of odontogenic mesenchyme and epithelial tissue. AF typically develops in mandibular molars of young patients during childhood and adolescence, and rarely in adult. The primary treatment for AF is conservative enucleation of the tumor considering the patient's age and tumor size. However, mandibulectomy was performed for large and multilocular lesions. Computer-aided surgery has recently become popular in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Here, we report a rare case of extensive AF in an elderly woman, as well as a summary of their clinical features based on a review of 24 cases, which we successfully treated using a radical surgical approach of a computer-assisted surgery system. A 60-year-old woman presented with right posterior buccal gingival swelling in the mandible. Based on incisional biopsy results, the lesion was suspected to be caused by AF. With the assistance of virtual surgical planning, hemi-mandibulectomy was performed followed by immediate mandibular reconstruction with fibula osteocutaneous free flap and patient-specific titanium plate. The final diagnosis of AF was made based on the postoperative resection specimen. The patient's recovery period was uneventful. The patient returned to functional and aesthetic success, and a postoperative 3D-reconstructed computed tomography image revealed little clinical difference between the preoperative planning and postoperative results. This case demonstrates that a computer-aided surgery system can be an effective treatment option for the extensive AF radical approach. Long-term monitoring is required because AF has the potential for recurrence and malignant transformation, especially in adult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central osteoma of the jaw is a rare benign neoplasm presenting as bone expansion and a well‐defined radiopaque mass with impacted or displaced teeth. Case Presentation: An irregular mandibular molar resorption was discovered in a 57‐year‐old Japanese woman. Because radiographic features showed a resorbed root occupied by a cancellous bone mass, internal or external resorption and fibro‐osseous lesions were suspected. Histologically, the resected mass was composed of a compact and cancellous bone with fatty marrow and was diagnosed as central osteoma. Conclusion: Central osteomas can have diverse presentations and need to be differentiated from odontogenic and fibro‐osseous lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 80% of patients affected by cancer develops cancer-related pain, one of the most feared consequences because of its intractable nature, particularly in the terminal stage of the disease. Recent evidence-based recommendations on integrative medicine for the management of cancer pain underline the role of natural products. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims at appraising for the first time the efficacy of aromatherapy in cancer pain in clinical studies with different design according to the most updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 recommendations. The search retrieves 1002 total records. Twelve studies are included and six are eligible for meta-analysis. The present study demonstrates significant efficacy of the use of essential oils in the reduction of the intensity of pain associated with cancer (p < 0.00001), highlighting the need for earlier, more homogeneous, and appropriately designed clinical trials. Good certainty body of evidence is needed for effective and safe management of cancer-related pain using essential oils by establishment of a step-by-step preclinical-to-clinical pathway to provide a rational basis for clinical use in integrative oncology. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023393182. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]