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9. Determinants of subtype-selectivity of the anthelmintic paraherquamide A onCaenorhabditis elegansnicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Author

Koizumi, Wataru, primary, Otsubo, Shuya, additional, Furutani, Shogo, additional, Niki, Kunihiro, additional, Takayama, Koichi, additional, Fujimura, Shota, additional, Maekawa, Takanobu, additional, Koyari, Ryosuke, additional, Ihara, Makoto, additional, Kai, Kenji, additional, Hayashi, Hideo, additional, Ali, Mohammad Shaokat, additional, Kage-Nakadai, Eriko, additional, Sattelle, David B., additional, and Matsuda, Kazuhiko, additional

Published
2023
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15. International comparison of impurities mixing and accumulation in steel scrap

Author

Panasiuk, Daryna (author), Daigo, Ichiro (author), Hoshino, Takeo (author), Hayashi, Hideo (author), Yamasue, Eiji (author), Tran, Duc Huy (author), Sprecher, B. (author), Shi, Feng (author), Shatokha, Volodymyr (author), Panasiuk, Daryna (author), Daigo, Ichiro (author), Hoshino, Takeo (author), Hayashi, Hideo (author), Yamasue, Eiji (author), Tran, Duc Huy (author), Sprecher, B. (author), Shi, Feng (author), and Shatokha, Volodymyr (author)

Abstract

The accumulation of impurities in the recycling of steel impacts the quality of secondary steel. Understanding impurity levels is crucial in the context of the proliferation of circular economy policies, expected high recycling rates, and growth of scrap consumption. By assuming the accumulation of impurities to be equal worldwide, the understanding of the extent and variation of the mixing and accumulation was limited in previous studies, and the factors influencing those variations were not considered. This is a first cross-national comparison of impurity accumulation in recycled steel. In this study, the copper, tin, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum content was analyzed in over 500 samples of electric arc furnace rebars from China, Japan, Vietnam, Ukraine, and the Netherlands (representing northwestern Europe) with an optical emission spectrometer. The impurity content in rebars represents the content of impurities accumulated in steel scrap in the countries studied. The measured content of impurities was then used to determine the factors influencing the accumulation of those impurities. It was revealed that the recycling technology, the presence of a market for recovered metals, the quality of the material input, steelmaking practices, and the management of byproducts derived from a legislative or economic context played a role in the impurities content. By communicating on scrap chemical content, the collaboration between the recycling and steel industries could be enhanced in terms of matching the demand and supply and facilitating an increase in the scrap share in steelmaking., Design for Sustainability

Published
2022
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29. Determinants of Subtype-Selectivity of the Anthelmintic Paraherquamide A on Caenorhabditis elegansNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Author

Koizumi, Wataru, Otsubo, Shuya, Furutani, Shogo, Niki, Kunihiro, Takayama, Koichi, Fujimura, Shota, Maekawa, Takanobu, Koyari, Ryosuke, Ihara, Makoto, Kai, Kenji, Hayashi, Hideo, Ali, Mohammad Shaokat, Kage-Nakadai, Eriko, Sattelle, David B., and Matsuda, Kazuhiko

Abstract

The anthelmintic paraherquamide A acts selectively on the nematode L-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), but the mechanism of its selectivity is unknown. This study targeted the basis of paraherquamide A selectivity by determining an X-ray crystal structure of the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), a surrogate nAChR ligand-binding domain, complexed with the compound and by measuring its actions on wild-type and mutant Caenorhabditis elegansnematodes and functionally expressed C. elegansnAChRs. Paraherquamide A showed a higher efficacy for the levamisole-sensitive [L-type (UNC-38/UNC-29/UNC-63/LEV-1/LEV-8)] nAChR than the nicotine-sensitive [N-type (ACR-16)] nAChR, a result consistent with in vivo studies on wild-type worms and worms with mutations in subunits of these two classes of receptors. The X-ray crystal structure of the Ls-AChBP-paraherquamide A complex and site-directed amino acid mutation studies showed for the first time that loop C, loop E, and loop F of the orthosteric receptor binding site play critical roles in the observed L-type nAChR selective actions of paraherquamide A.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParaherquamide A, an oxindole alkaloid, has been shown to act selectively on the L-type over N-type nAChRs in nematodes, but the mechanism of selectivity is unknown. We have co-crystallized paraherquamide A with the acetylcholine binding protein, a surrogate of nAChRs, and found that structural features of loop C, loop E, and loop F contribute to the L-type nAChR selectivity of the alkaloid. The results create a new platform for the design of anthelmintic drugs targeting cholinergic neurotransmission in parasitic nematodes.

Published
2023
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31. Characterization of genes regulated directly by the VirR/VirS system in Clostridium perfringens

Author

Okumura, Kayo, Ohtani, Kaori, Hayashi, Hideo, and Shimizu, Tohru

Subjects
Clostridium -- Genetic aspects, Genetic regulation -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Analysis of the complete sequence of the genome of Clostridium perfringens strain 13 resulted in identification of five genes, including pfoA (encoding theta toxin) and vrr (encoding VirR/VirS-regulated RNA), with consensus VirR-binding sequences upstream of the open reading frame (ORF), suggesting that expression of these genes may be regulated directly by the two-component VirR/VirS system. To test this possibility, we examined VirR/VirS system-mediated transcriptional regulation of three genes, virT, ccp (encoding alpha-clostripain), and virU, with the novel VirR-binding sequences. Northern analysis revealed that the steady-state levels (increases or decreases in the amounts of RNA expressed) of virT, ccp, and virU mRNAs were lower in a virR mutant strain than in the wild-type strain, as were the levels of the pfoA and vrr transcripts. The consensus VirR-binding sites were located similarly relative to the transcription start sites in the virT, ccp, and virU promoters. Mutation and overexpression analyses with virT and virU revealed that the virT gene product has a negative effect on expression of pfoA and ccp, whereas the virU gene product positively affects expression of pfoA, virT, ccp, and vrr. Nonsense and frameshift mutations in the virT or virU putative ORF did not affect the regulatory functions, suggesting that virT and virU may encode RNA regulators rather than proteins. These results suggest that a complex regulatory network, perhaps involving several regulatory RNA molecules, governs the expression of the VirR/VirS regulon in C. perfringens.

Published
2008

35. Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Author

Akiyama, Kohki, Matsuzaki, Ken-ichi, and Hayashi, Hideo

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Kohki Akiyama (corresponding author) [1, 2]; Ken-ichi Matsuzaki [1]; Hideo Hayashi [1] Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic, symbiotic associations with the roots of more than 80% of land [...]

Published
2005
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39. Vaginal Escherichia coli share common virulence factor profiles, serotypes and phylogeny with other extraintestinal E. coli

Author

Obata-Yasuoka, Mana, Ba-Thien, William, Tsukamoto, Teizo, Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki, and Hayashi, Hideo

Subjects
Microbiological research -- Analysis, Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Antigens -- Physiological aspects, Phylogeny -- Genetic aspects, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on vaginal Escherichia coli. The characterization of E. coli isolates has been carried out via the extraintestinal virulence factor profiling, such as phylogenetic analysis and O:H serotyping and the results are reported.

Published
2002

40. Proteome and transcriptome analysis of the virulence genes regulated by the VirR/VirS system in Clostridium perfringens

Author

Shimizu, Takeshi, Shima, Kensuke, Yoshino, Ken-ichi, Shimizu, Tohru, Hayashi, Hideo, and Yonezawa, Kazuyoshi

Subjects
Bacteriology -- Research, Pathogenic microorganisms -- Genetic aspects, Clostridium -- Genetic aspects, Genetic regulation -- Physiological aspects, Bacterial proteins -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research has been conducted on the secreted proteins regulated with the VirR/VirS system in Clostridium perfringens. The analysis of these proteins has been carried out via the use of two-dimensional electrophoresis and the identification of the proteins as members of the VirR/VirS-dependent proteins has been performed.

Published
2002

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