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3. Evaluating Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with Phase-Invariant Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)

Author

Abraham P., Liu K., Haworth D., Reuss D., and Sick V.

Subjects
Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5
Abstract

This study is part of a program to understand the stochastic variations in IC engine flows; in particular, it is a comparison of measured (PIV) and computed (LES) velocity from multiple cycles of the same motored engine. Comparison procedures included traditional RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) decomposition (ensemble-averaged and RMS (Root Mean Square) velocity), phase-dependent, and phase- invariant POD. Phase-dependent POD was performed on the PIV and LES samples separately and on the combined samples, thus creating separate or a single POD mode sets, respectively. The phase- invariant POD was performed both on normalized snapshots and on snapshots where the original energy was conserved. Initial comparisons of the mass-specific kinetic energies of the ensemble average and RMS velocities revealed that the PIV and LES data sets differed significantly during most of the intake stroke. This discrepancy was quantifiedfirst by comparing the relevance indices calculated between ensemble average velocity fields and, second, using phase-dependent POD, which quantified cycle-to-cycle flow variations of the RANS average and turbulence. Phase-dependent POD was applied separately to the PIV and LES data sets during the intake stroke (76° ATDCE, After Top Dead Center Exhaust), where the intake-valve jet is strong and the PIV and LES data were earlier found to be significantly different. The cyclic variability of the LES ensemble average was estimated to be significantly higher than that of the PIV data set. POD was also applied to the combined sample of LES and PIV snapshots for quantitative comparison creating a single set of modes, so that comparison could be made with POD coefficients alone. Example comparisons were made at again for data at 76° and also 330° ATDCE, which is a viable spark timing in a fired engine. The results at 76° ATDCE were similar to those obtained with the POD analysis of the separate samples. At 330° ATDCE, the PIV ensemble average and RMS velocities showed somewhat more cyclic variability. Phase-invariant POD was applied to the combined PIV and LES velocity data from all crank angles to study the flow evolution over the crank angle range. Conclusions derived from the two different energy transformations are contrasted. When the energy of each velocity field is normalized, the phase-invariant POD results focus on differences in flow structures and their evolution. On the other hand, when the energy of each velocity field is conserved, the phase-invariant POD results also take into account differences in energy between the PIV and LES data.

Published
2013
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6. Large-Eddy Simulation of in-Cylinder Flows Simulation à grande échelle des écoulements internes dans les moteurs

Author

Haworth D. C.

Subjects
Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5
Abstract

Advances in physical models, numerical methods, and computational power together have brought large-eddy simulation (LES) to the point where it warrants serious consideration for computing in-cylinder turbulent flows. This article includes: a discussion of LES and how it differs from Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) modeling; motivation for transitioning to LES for in-cylinder flow in IC engines; and quantitative results for two motored engine configurations. Dynamicsubgrid-scale stress models are emphasized, and results from two different numerical approaches are discussed. Compared to RANS, LES requires a low level of empirical input, provides more complete information on in-cylinder flow structure, and makes previously inaccessible phenomena (e. g. , cycle-to-cycle variability) amenable to analysis. Les progrès des modèles physiques, des méthodes numériques et de la puissance de calcul permettent qu'on puisse prendre en considération les simulations à grande échelle (LES) pour le calcul des écoulements turbulents dans les moteurs. La synthèse présentée comprend : une discussion sur la LES montrant ses différences avec la modélisation aux moyennes de Reynolds (RANS) ; les motivations pour passer à la LES pour les écoulements internes aux moteurs ; des résultats quantitatifs pour deux configurations de moteur entraîné. Des modèles de sous-maille dynamiquedes tenseurs sont développés, par ailleurs, nous discutons des résultats donnés par deux approches numériques différentes. En comparaison avec la méthodologie RANS, la LES requiert peu d'apports empiriques, donne plus de détails sur la structure de l'écoulement dans le cylindre et permet l'analyse de phénomènes jusqu'alors inaccessibles, comme les variations cycliques.

Published
2006
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10. Mps1 expression is critical for chromosome orientation and segregation in yeast with high ploidy

Author

Gish M, Sartin A, LaVictoire R, Régis E. Meyer, Haworth D, and Harsha J

Subjects
Chromosome segregation, Mutant, Cancer cell, Chromosome, Ploidy, Prometaphase, Biology, Protein kinase A, Loss function, Cell biology
Abstract

In aneuploid cancer cells, the chromosome segregation apparatus is sensitive to increased chromosome number. The conserved protein kinase, Mps1, is a critical actor of this machinery, orienting the chromosomes properly on the spindle. Abnormally high levels of this kinase have been found in tumors with elevated chromosome number. However, it remains unclear, mechanistically, if and how cells with higher ploidy become dependent upon increased Mps1 levels. To answer these questions, we explored Mps1 dependence in yeast cells with increased sets of chromosomes. We discovered that having more chromosomes affects the ability of cells to orient chromosomes properly. The cells with increased numbers of chromosomes are particularly sensitive to the reduction of Mps1 activity. Inmps1loss of function mutants, cells display an extended prometaphase with a longer spindle and a delay in orienting properly the chromosomes. Altogether, our results suggest that increased numbers of chromosomes render cells more dependent on Mps1 for orienting chromosomes on the spindle. The phenomenon described here may be relevant in understanding why hyperdiploid cancer cells become excessively reliant on high Mps1 expression for successful chromosome segregation.Author summaryMost cells in solid tumors usually carry far more chromosomes than normal cells. Losing or gaining chromosomes during cell division can lead to aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes), cancer, and other diseases. Mps1 is a master regulator of cell division that is critical to keep the correct number chromosomes in each daughter cell. This master regulator has been shown to target and affect the function of various actors involved in cell division. Abnormally high levels of this master regulator are found in tumors with elevated chromosome numbers. The high levels of this regulator appear to be protecting these tumor cells. To answer if and how cells with higher ploidy become so dependent of Mps1, we generated yeast cells with increased set of chromosomes. Here, we report that cells with elevated chromosome number are particularly sensitive to the reduction of Mps1 level. In cells with higher ploidy and reduced level of Mps1, the progression during cell division is delayed. In the mutant cells, their ability to properly orient and segregate their chromosomes on the spindle is greatly reduced.

Published
2020
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12. Blood pressure-lowering effects of nifedipine/candesartan combinations in high-risk individuals: Subgroup analysis of the DISTINCT randomised trial

Author

Mancia, G, Cha, G, Gil-Extremera, B, Harvey, P, Lewin, AJ, Villa, G, Kjeldsen, SE, Agaiby, J, Aggarwal, N, Ainsworth, P, Akhras, R, Amaluan, V, Ballarin, A, Bardauskiene, L, Berra, FC, Blagden, M, Bodalia, B, Borghi, C, Bundy, C, Burgess, L, Buynak, R, Cafferata, A, Cahill, T, Capiau, L, Capuano, V, Casanova, R, Cecil, J, Chapman, J, Chilvers, M, Christensen, S, Cho, Y-H, Chung, W-B, Cipollone, F, Coca, A, Colombo, H, Contreras, EM, Crowley, D, Cusco-Prieto, B, Decarlini, F, Doh, J-H, Dzongowski, P, Dzyak, G, Ellery, A, Extremera, BG, Farias, E, Farrington, C, Fidelholtz, J, Fouche, L, Gabito, A, Gainza, M, Gani, M, Gaunt, R, Gelersztein, E, Giuliano, M, Glazunov, A, Glorioso, N, Goloschekin, B, Gumbley, M, Gupta, A, Guzman, L, Ha, J-W, Hart, R, Haworth, D, Henein, S, Henry, D, Her, S-H, Heyvaert, F, Hollanders, G, Hominal, M, Hong, B-K, Hong, T-J, Hwang, K-K, Jacovides, A, Jacqmein, J, Jeon, HK, Jones, N, Kanani, S, Kang, H, Karpenko, O, Kenton, D, Kimzey, N, Kovalenko, V, Kushnir, M, Lasko, B, Lee, KJ, Lee, N, Lewin, A, Litvak, M, Luksiene, D, Majul, C, Mannarino, E, Manuale, O, Marcadis, A, Miller, D, Mills, R, Misik, K, Mortelmans, J, O'Mahony, M, O'Mahony, W, Park, C, Pedrinelli, R, Petrulioniene, Z, Pettyjohn, F, Piskorz, D, Poss, G, Pudi, K, Pyun, WB, Raad, G, Raila, G, Ramirez Espinosa, MF, Ramlachan, P, Rhee, M, Rudenko, L, Ruiz, TS, Ryan, J, Schacter, G, Shin, J-H, Short, D, Sica, D, Sirenko, Y, Slapikas, R, Somani, R, Stanislavchuk, M, Stewart, R, Svishchenko, Y, Sychov, O, Teitelbaum, I, Tseluyko, V, Van Rensburg, DJ, Vaquer Perez, JV, Via, LM, Vico, M, Vizir, V, Vogel, D, Wellmann, H, Yoo, BS, DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE E CHIRURGICHE, Facolta' di MEDICINA e CHIRURGIA, AREA MIN. 06 - Scienze mediche, Mancia, G, Cha, G, Gil-Extremera, B, Harvey, P, Lewin, A, Villa, G, Kjeldsen, S, Agaiby, J, Aggarwal, N, Ainsworth, P, Akhras, R, Amaluan, V, Ballarin, A, Bardauskiene, L, Berra, F, Blagden, M, Bodalia, B, Borghi, C, Bundy, C, Burgess, L, Buynak, R, Cafferata, A, Cahill, T, Capiau, L, Capuano, V, Casanova, R, Cecil, J, Chapman, J, Chilvers, M, Christensen, S, Cho, Y, Chung, W, Cipollone, F, Coca, A, Colombo, H, Contreras, E, Crowley, D, Cusco-Prieto, B, Decarlini, F, Doh, J, Dzongowski, P, Dzyak, G, Ellery, A, Extremera, B, Farias, E, Farrington, C, Fidelholtz, J, Fouche, L, Gabito, A, Gainza, M, Gani, M, Gaunt, R, Gelersztein, E, Giuliano, M, Glazunov, A, Glorioso, N, Goloschekin, B, Gumbley, M, Gupta, A, Guzman, L, Ha, J, Hart, R, Haworth, D, Henein, S, Henry, D, Her, S, Heyvaert, F, Hollanders, G, Hominal, M, Hong, B, Hong, T, Hwang, K, Jacovides, A, Jacqmein, J, Jeon, H, Jones, N, Kanani, S, Kang, H, Karpenko, O, Kenton, D, Kimzey, N, Kovalenko, V, Kushnir, M, Lasko, B, Lee, K, Lee, N, Litvak, M, Luksiene, D, Majul, C, Mannarino, E, Manuale, O, Marcadis, A, Miller, D, Mills, R, Misik, K, Mortelmans, J, O'Mahony, M, O'Mahony, W, Park, C, Pedrinelli, R, Petrulioniene, Z, Pettyjohn, F, Piskorz, D, Poss, G, Pudi, K, Pyun, W, Raad, G, Raila, G, Ramirez Espinosa, M, Ramlachan, P, Rhee, M, Rudenko, L, Ruiz, T, Ryan, J, Schacter, G, Shin, J, Short, D, Sica, D, Sirenko, Y, Slapikas, R, Somani, R, Stanislavchuk, M, Stewart, R, Svishchenko, Y, Sychov, O, Teitelbaum, I, Tseluyko, V, Van Rensburg, D, Vaquer Perez, J, Via, L, Vico, M, Vizir, V, Vogel, D, Wellmann, H, Yoo, B, Mancia, G., Cha, G., Gil-Extremera, B., Harvey, P., Lewin, A.J., Villa, G., Kjeldsen, S.E., Agaiby, J., Aggarwal, N., Ainsworth, P., Akhras, R., Amaluan, V., Ballarin, A., Bardauskiene, L., Berra, F.C., Blagden, M., Bodalia, B., Borghi, C., Bundy, C., Burgess, L., Buynak, R., Cafferata, A., Cahill, T., Capiau, L., Capuano, V., Casanova, R., Cecil, J., Chapman, J., Chilvers, M., Christensen, S., Cho, Y.-H., Chung, W.-B., Cipollone, F., Coca, A., Colombo, H., Contreras, E.M., Crowley, D., Cusco-Prieto, B., Decarlini, F., Doh, J.-H., Dzongowski, P., Dzyak, G., Ellery, A., Extremera, B.G., Farias, E., Farrington, C., Fidelholtz, J., Fouche, L., Gabito, A., Gainza, M., Gani, M., Gaunt, R., Gelersztein, E., Giuliano, M., Glazunov, A., Glorioso, N., Goloschekin, B., Gumbley, M., Gupta, A., Guzman, L., Ha, J.-W., Hart, R., Haworth, D., Henein, S., Henry, D., Her, S.-H., Heyvaert, F., Hollanders, G., Hominal, M., Hong, B.-K., Hong, T.-J., Hwang, K.-K., Jacovides, A., Jacqmein, J., Jeon, H.K., Jones, N., Kanani, S., Kang, H., Karpenko, O., Kenton, D., Kimzey, N., Kovalenko, V., Kushnir, M., Lasko, B., Lee, K.J., Lee, N., Lewin, A., Litvak, M., Luksiene, D., Majul, C., Mannarino, E., Manuale, O., Marcadis, A., Miller, D., Mills, R., Misik, K., Mortelmans, J., O'Mahony, M., O'Mahony, W., Park, C., Pedrinelli, R., Petrulioniene, Z., Pettyjohn, F., Piskorz, D., Poss, G., Pudi, K., Pyun, W.B., Raad, G., Raila, G., Ramirez Espinosa, M.F., Ramlachan, P., Rhee, M., Rudenko, L., Ruiz, T.S., Ryan, J., Schacter, G., Shin, J.-H., Short, D., Sica, D., Sirenko, Y., Slapikas, R., Somani, R., Stanislavchuk, M., Stewart, R., Svishchenko, Y., Sychov, O., Teitelbaum, I., Tseluyko, V., Van Rensburg, D.J., Vaquer Perez, J.V., Via, L.M., Vico, M., Vizir, V., Vogel, D., Wellmann, H., Yoo, B.S., DISTINCT Investigators, and [Mancia,G] Unit and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy. [Cha,G] KRK Medical Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA. [Gil-Extremera,B] Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. [Harvey,P] Formerly in The Crouch Oak Family Practice, Addlestone, UK. [Lewin,AJ] National Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA. [Villa,G] Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri—IRCCS, Pavia, Italy. [Kjeldsen,SE] Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Subjects
Male, Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring::Pyridines::Dihydropyridines::Nifedipine [Medical Subject Headings], Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass Index [Medical Subject Headings], Tetrazoles, Blood Pressure, DISTINCT study, Índice de masa corporal, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Benzimidazole, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors [Medical Subject Headings], law.invention, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Bencimidazoles, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena::Glomerular Filtration Rate [Medical Subject Headings], Medicine, Tasa de filtración glomerular, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hipercolesterolemia, Tetrazole, Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring::Benzimidazoles [Medical Subject Headings], Middle Aged, Calcium Channel Blockers, Presión sanguínea, Humanos, Antihypertensive Agent, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons, Cyclic::Hydrocarbons, Aromatic::Benzene Derivatives::Biphenyl Compounds [Medical Subject Headings], Hypertension, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 [Medical Subject Headings], Compuestos de bifenilo, Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2, Nifedipino, Original Article, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Calcium Channel Blocker, Factores de riesgo, medicine.drug, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, Nifedipine, Subgroup analysis, Placebo, Nifedipine GITS, Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Vascular Diseases::Hypertension [Medical Subject Headings], 03 medical and health sciences, candesartan, high blood pressure, Internal medicine, Hipertensión, Phenomena and Processes::Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena::Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena::Hemodynamics::Blood Pressure [Medical Subject Headings], Internal Medicine, Humans, Antihypertensive Agents, business.industry, Biphenyl Compounds, Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Lipid Metabolism Disorders::Dyslipidemias::Hyperlipidemias::Hypercholesterolemia [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring::Azoles::Tetrazoles [Medical Subject Headings], Candesartan, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Benzimidazoles, business, Body mass index
Abstract

none 140 si The DISTINCT study (reDefining Intervention with Studies Testing Innovative Nifedipine GITS - Candesartan Therapy) investigated the efficacy and safety of nifedipine GITS/candesartan cilexetil combinations vs respective monotherapies and placebo in patients with hypertension. This descriptive sub-analysis examined blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects in high-risk participants, including those with renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate

Published
2017

20. LES on unstructured deforming meshes: Towards reciprocating IC engines

Author

Haworth, D. C and Jansen, K

Subjects
Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer
Abstract

A variable explicit/implicit characteristics-based advection scheme that is second-order accurate in space and time has been developed recently for unstructured deforming meshes (O'Rourke & Sahota 1996a). To explore the suitability of this methodology for Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), three subgrid-scale turbulence models have been implemented in the CHAD CFD code (O'Rourke & Sahota 1996b): a constant-coefficient Smagorinsky model, a dynamic Smagorinsky model for flows having one or more directions of statistical homogeneity, and a Lagrangian dynamic Smagorinsky model for flows having no spatial or temporal homogeneity (Meneveau et al. 1996). Computations have been made for three canonical flows, progressing towards the intended application of in-cylinder flow in a reciprocating engine. Grid sizes were selected to be comparable to the coarsest meshes used in earlier spectral LES studies. Quantitative results are reported for decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence, and for a planar channel flow. Computations are compared to experimental measurements, to Direct-Numerical Simulation (DNS) data, and to Rapid-Distortion Theory (RDT) where appropriate. Generally satisfactory evolution of first and second moments is found on these coarse meshes; deviations are attributed to insufficient mesh resolution. Issues include mesh resolution and computational requirements for a specified level of accuracy, analytic characterization of the filtering implied by the numerical method, wall treatment, and inflow boundary conditions. To resolve these issues, finer-mesh simulations and computations of a simplified axisymmetric reciprocating piston-cylinder assembly are in progress.

Published
1996

21. Numerical simulations of turbulent premixed H2/O2/N2 flames with complex chemistry

Author

Baum, M, Poinsot, T. J, and Haworth, D. C

Subjects
Inorganic And Physical Chemistry
Abstract

Premixed stoichiometric H2/O2/N2 flames propagating in two-dimensional turbulence were studied using direct numerical simulation (simulations in which all fluid and thermochemical scales are fully resolved) including realistic chemical kinetics and molecular transport. Results are compared with earlier zero-chemistry (flame sheet) and one-step chemistry simulations. Consistent with the simpler models, the turbulent flame with realistic chemistry aligns preferentially with extensive strain rates in the tangent plane and flame curvature probability density functions are close to symmetric with near-zero means. By contrast to simple-chemistry results with non-unity Lewis numbers (ratio of thermal to species diffusivity), local flame structure does not correlate with curvature but rather with tangential strain rate. Turbulent straining results in substantial thinning of the flame relative to the steady unstrained laminar case. Heat release and H2O2 contours remain thin and connected ('flamelet-like') while species including H-atom and OH are more diffuse. Peak OH concentration occurs well behind the peak heat-release zone. The feasibility of incorporating realistic chemistry into full turbulence simulations to address issues such as pollutant formation in hydrocarbon-air flames is suggested.

Published
1992

22. DNS and modeling of the interaction between turbulent premixed flames and walls

Author

Poinsot, T. J and Haworth, D. C

Subjects
Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer
Abstract

The interaction between turbulent premixed flames and walls is studied using a two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes solver with simple chemistry. The effects of wall distance on the local and global flame structure are investigated. Quenching distances and maximum wall heat fluxes during quenching are computed in laminar cases and are found to be comparable to experimental and analytical results. For turbulent cases, it is shown that quenching distances and maximum heat fluxes remain of the same order as for laminar flames. Based on simulation results, a 'law-of-the-wall' model is derived to describe the interaction between a turbulent premixed flame and a wall. This model is constructed to provide reasonable behavior of flame surface density near a wall under the assumption that flame-wall interaction takes place at scales smaller than the computational mesh. It can be implemented in conjunction with any of several recent flamelet models based on a modeled surface density equation, with no additional constraints on mesh size or time step.

Published
1992

23. The influence of Lewis number and nonhomogeneous mixture on premixed turbulent flame structure

Author

Haworth, D. C and Poinsot, T. J

Subjects
Inorganic And Physical Chemistry
Abstract

The structure of a premixed flame front in two-dimensional turbulence is investigated using full numerical simulation including heat release, variable fluid properties, and one-step Arrhenius chemistry. Non-unity Lewis number (Le) effects are described by comparing the local instantaneous turbulent flame structure to the steady one dimensional laminar flame structure for the same thermochemical parameters. Flame surface area, mean reactant consumption rate per unit area of flame, turbulent flame speed, and statistical descriptions of the flame geometry are also reported. Principal findings are that the local flame structure correlates strongly with the local flame curvature, while global properties depend both on strain and on curvature. Preliminary results for cases with nonhomogeneous reactant mixture strength are reported. Here, the emphasis is on the ability of a propagating flame to recover after encountering a fuel-lean pocket in an otherwise homogeneous mixture. Both one dimensional and two dimensional cases are described.

Published
1990

30. Nifedipine plus candesartan combination increases blood pressure control regardless of race and improves the side effect profile: DISTINCT randomized trial results

Author

Kjeldsen, Sverre E, Sica, Domenic, Haller, Hermann, Cha, Gloria, Gil Extremera, Blas, Harvey, Peter, Heyvaert, Frank, Lewin, Andrew J., Villa, Giuseppe, Mancia, Giuseppe, the DISTINCT investigators: Agaiby, J, Aggarwal, N, Ainsworth, P, Akhras, R, Amaluan, V, Ballarin, A, Bardauskiene, L, Berra, Fc, Blagden, M, Bodalia, B, Borghi, C, Bundy, C, Burgess, L, Buynak, R, Cafferata, A, Cahill, T, Capiau, L, Capuano, V, Casanova, R, Cecil, J, Cha, G, Chapman, J, Chilvers, M, Christensen, S, Cho, Yh, Chung, Wb, Cipollone, F, Coca, A, Colombo, H, Contreras, Em, Crowley, D, Cusco Prieto, B, Decarlini, F, Doh, Jh, Dzongowski, P, Dzyak, G, Ellery, A, Extremera, Bg, Farias, E, Farrington, C, Fidelholtz, J, Fouche, L, Gabito, A, Gainza, M, Gani, M, Gaunt, R, Gelersztein, E, Giuliano, M, Glazunov, A, Glorioso, N, Goloschekin, B, Gumbley, M, Gupta, A, Guzman, L, Ha, Jw, Hart, R, Harvey, P, Haworth, D, Henein, S, Henry, D, Her, Sh, Heyvaert, F, Hollanders, G, Hominal, M, Hong, Bk, Hong, Tj, Hwang, Kk, Jacovides, A, Jacqmein, J, Jeon, Hk, Jones, N, Kanani, S, Kang, H, Karpenko, O, Kenton, D, Kimzey, N, Kjeldsen, Se, Kovalenko, V, Kushnir, M, Lasko, B, Lee, Kj, Lee, N, Lewin, A, Litvak, M, Luksiene, D, Majul, C, Mannarino, E, Manuale, O, Marcadis, A, Miller, D, Mills, R, Misik, K, Mortelmans, J, O'Mahony, M, O'Mahony, W, Park, C, Pedrinelli, Roberto, Petrulioniene, Z, Pettyjohn, F, Piskorz, D, Poss, G, Pudi, K, Pyun, Wb, Raad, G, Raila, G, Ramirez Espinosa MF, Ramlachan, P, Rhee, M, Rudenko, L, Ruiz, Ts, Ryan, J, Schacter, G, Shin, Jh, Short, D, Sica, D, Sirenko, Y, Slapikas, R, Somani, R, Stanislavchuk, M, Stewart, R, Svishchenko, Y, Sychov, O, Teitelbaum, I, Tseluyko, V, Van Rensburg DJ, Vaquer Perez JV, Via, Lm, Vico, M, Villa, G, Vizir, V, Vogel, D, Wellmann, H, Yoo, B. S., Kjeldsen, Sverre E, Sica, Domenic, Haller, Hermann, Cha, Gloria, Gil-Extremera, Bla, Harvey, Peter, Heyvaert, Frank, Lewin, Andrew J, Villa, Giuseppe, Mancia, Giuseppe, Borghi, Claudio, Kjeldsen, S, Sica, D, Haller, H, Cha, G, Gil-Extremera, B, Harvey, P, Heyvaert, F, Lewin, A, Villa, G, and Mancia, G

Subjects
Male, Physiology, Ethnic Group, Administration, Oral, Tetrazoles, Blood Pressure, DISTINCT study, Pharmacology, Benzimidazole, law.invention, combination therapy, Randomized controlled trial, candesartan cilexetil, combination therapy, DISTINCT study, essential hypertension, nifedipine GITS, vasodilatory side effects, law, Ethnicity, Tetrazole, Middle Aged, candesartan cilexetil, Biphenyl compound, Antihypertensive Agent, Treatment Outcome, Tolerability, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Benzimidazoles, Biphenyl Compounds, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Nifedipine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal Medicine, Administration, Combination, Cardiology, Vasodilatory side effect, ORIGINAL PAPERS: Therapeutic aspects, medicine.drug, Human, Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, Side effect, Combination therapy, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, vasodilatory side effects, business.industry, essential hypertension, nifedipine GITS, Candesartan, Blood pressure, Biphenyl Compound, business, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reaction
Abstract

Objectives: DISTINCT (reDefining Intervention with Studies Testing Innovative Nifedipine GITS – Candesartan Therapy) aimed to determine the dose–response and tolerability of nifedipine GITS and/or candesartan cilexetil therapy in participants with hypertension. Methods: In this 8-week, multinational, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, adults with mean seated DBP of at least 95 to less than 110 mmHg received combination or monotherapy with nifedipine GITS (N) 20, 30 or 60 mg and candesartan cilexetil (C) 4, 8, 16 or 32 mg, or placebo. The primary endpoint, change in DBP from baseline to Week 8, was analysed using the response surface model (RSM); this analysis was repeated for mean seated SBP. Results: Overall, 1381 participants (mean baseline SBP/DBP: 156.5/99.6 mmHg) were randomized. Both N and C contributed independently to SBP/DBP reductions [P

Published
2014

32. 55 * EXERCISE FOR REDUCING FEAR OF FALLING IN OLDER PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY: A COCHRANE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Author

Kumar, A., primary, Carpenter, H., additional, Cook, J., additional, Skelton, D. A., additional, Stevens, Z., additional, Haworth, D., additional, Belcher, C. M., additional, Gawler, S. J., additional, Gage, H., additional, Masud, T., additional, Bowling, A., additional, Pearl, M., additional, Morris, R. W., additional, Iliffe, S., additional, Zijlstra, G. A. R., additional, Delbaere, K., additional, and Kendrick, D., additional

Published
2014
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38. Evaluating Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with Phase-Invariant Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)

Author

Abraham, P., Liu, K., Haworth, D., Reuss, D., Sick, V., Abraham, P., Liu, K., Haworth, D., Reuss, D., and Sick, V.

Abstract

This study is part of a program to understand the stochastic variations in IC engine flows; in particular, it is a comparison of measured (PIV) and computed (LES) velocity from multiple cycles of the same motored engine. Comparison procedures included traditional RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) decomposition (ensemble-averaged and RMS (Root Mean Square) velocity), phase-dependent, and phase- invariant POD. Phase-dependent POD was performed on the PIV and LES samples separately and on the combined samples, thus creating separate or a single POD mode sets, respectively. The phase- invariant POD was performed both on normalized snapshots and on snapshots where the original energy was conserved.

Published
2014
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