Search

Introduction In May 2010, the 192 Member States of the World Health Organization endorsed Resolution WHA63.14. The aim of this resolution is to restrict the marketing of unhealthy food and [...], In May 2010, 192 Member States endorsed Resolution WHA63.14 to restrict the marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverage products high in saturated fats, trans fatty acids, free sugars and/or salt to children and adolescents globally. We examined the actions taken between 2010 and early 2016--by civil society groups, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its regional offices, other United Nations (UN) organizations, philanthropic institutions and transnational industries--to help decrease the prevalence of obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases among young people. By providing relevant technical and policy guidance and tools to Member States, WHO and other UN organizations have helped protect young people from the marketing of branded food and beverage products that are high in fat, sugar and/or salt. The progress achieved by the other actors we investigated appears variable and generally less robust. We suggest that the progress being made towards the full implementation of Resolution WHA63.14 would be accelerated by further restrictions on the marketing of unhealthy food and beverage products and by investing in the promotion of nutrient-dense products. This should help young people meet government-recommended dietary targets. Any effective strategies and actions should align with the goal of WHO to reduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by 25% by 2025 and the aim of the UN to ensure healthy lives for all by 2030. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] En mai 2010, 192 Etats membres ont ratifie la Resolution WHA63.14 pour restreindre, a l'echelle internationale, la commercialisation des produits alimentaires et boissons non alcoolisees riches en graisses saturees, en acides gras trans, en sucres libres et/ou en sel, destines aux enfants et aux adolescents. Nous avons etudie des Initiatives d'organisations de la societe civile, de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) et de ses bureaux regionaux, d'autres agences de l'Organisation des Nations unies (ONU), d'institutions philanthropiques et de groupes Industriels internationaux, menees entre 2010 et debut 2016 en vue d'aider a reduire la prevalence de l'obesite et des maladies non transmissibles liees a l'alimentation chez les jeunes. En fournissant aux Etats membres des outils et des conseils utiles en matiere technique et pour l'adoption de mesures politiques, f'OMS et d'autres agences de l'ONU ont contribue a proteger les jeunes face a la commercialisation d'aliments et de boissons de marques, riches en graisses, en sucre et/ou en sel. Les resultats obtenus grace aux initiatives des autres acteurs etudies semblent variables et generalement moins solides. Nous suggerons d'accelerer les progres accomplis vers la mise en oeuvre complete de la Resolution WHA63.14, en restreignant davantage la commercialisation des aliments et boissons mauvais pour la sante et en investissant dans la promotion de produits denses sur le plan nutritionnel. Cela permettrait d'aider les jeunes a atteindre les objectifs nutritionnels recommandes par les gouvernements. Pour etre efficaces, les strategies et mesures adoptees doivent etre coherentes avec l'objectif de l'OMS visant a reduire la mortalite prematuree due aux maladies non transmissibles de 25% d'ici 2025 et avec l'objectif de l'ONU visant a permettre a tous de vivre en bonne sante d'ici 2030. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] En mayo de 2010, 192 Estados Miembros aprobaron la Resolucion WHA63.14 para limitar la promocion de alimentos y bebidas no alcoholicas con elevadas cantidades de grasas saturadas, acidos grasos trans, azucares libres y/o sal dirigida a los ninos y adolescentes de todo el mundo. Se examinaron las medidas tomadas entre 201 Oy principios de 2016 por parte de grupos de la sociedad civil, la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y sus sedes regionales, otras organizaciones de las Naciones Unidas, Instituciones filantropicas e Industrias transnacionales para contribuir a la reduccion de la prevalence de la obesidad y enfermedades no contagiosas relacionadas con la alimentacion entre los jovenes. Mediante las directrices y herramientas politicas y tecnicas correspondientes ofrecidas a los Estados Miembros, la OMS y otras organizaciones de las Naciones Unidas han ayudado a proteger a los jovenes de la promocion de productos alimentarlos y bebidas de marca con elevadas cantidades de grasa, azucar y/o sal. Los progresos realizados por los otros participantes investigados parecen ser desiguales y, en general, menos solidos. Nuestra sugerencia es que el progreso hacia la implementacion completa de la Resolucion WHA63.14 se acelere limitando aun mas la promocion de productos alimentarlos y bebidas Insanos y se Invierta en la promocion de productos altamente nutritivos. Esto deberia ayudar a los jovenes a alcanzar los objetivos nutrlcionales recomendados por los gobiernos.Todas las estrategias y medidas eficaces deberian ajustarse a la meta de la OMS de reducir la mortalidad prematura provocada por enfermedades no contagiosas en un 25% en 2015 y el objetivo de las Naciones Unidas de garantizar una vida sana para todos en 2030.

Transitioning towards sustainable diets is imperative to avoid the worst effects of climate change, environmental degradation, and malnutrition. In South Africa, households most vulnerable to food insecurity employ various strategies to access food. These include purchasing hampers; a combination of staple foods sold in bulk at a discounted price, which are cake wheat flour, super maize meal, white sugar, cooking oil, and white parboiled rice. We explore the barriers and opportunities for hampers to advance sustainable diets in the context of Cape Town. Our findings show hampers contain energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. Furthermore, we find that brand loyalty plays an important role in households' purchase of hampers. We conclude there is potential to leverage hampers to become a sustainable strategy through which people can access healthier food by working with retailers to offer nutritious and sustainably produced alternatives. Such change would require challenging retailers' and consumers' understanding of what 'necessities' are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sales promotions are widely used to market food to adults, children, and youth. Yet, in contrast to advertising, practically no attention has been paid to their impacts on dietary behaviors, or to how they may be used more effectively to promote healthy eating. This review explores the available literature on the subject. The objective is to identify if and what literature exists, examine the nature of this literature, and analyze what can be learned from it about the effects of sales promotions on food consumption. The review finds that while sales promotions lead to significant sales increases over the short-term, this does not necessarily lead to changes in food-consumption patterns. Nevertheless, there is evidence from econometric modeling studies indicating that sales promotions can influence consumption patterns by influencing the purchasing choices of consumers and encouraging them to eat more. These effects depend on the characteristics of the food product, sales promotion, and consumer. The complexity of the effects means that sales promotions aiming to encourage consumption of nutritious foods need to be carefully designed. These conclusions are based on studies that use mainly sales data as a proxy for dietary intake. The nutrition (and economics) research communities should add to this existing body of research to provide evidence on the impact of sales promotions on dietary intake and related behaviors. This would help support the development of a sales promotion environment conducive to healthy eating.

Agriculture and health are linked in many ways. First, agriculture is essential for good health: it produces the world's food, fibre and materials for shelter; in many countries it is also an important source of livelihood among the poor. At the same time, agriculture can be linked with poor health, including malnutrition, malaria, foodborne illnesses, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodefidency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), livestock-related diseases, chronic diseases and occupational ill-health. Health also affects agriculture: people's health status influences the demand for agricultural outputs, and in agricultural communities, poor health reduces work performance, reducing income and productivity and perpetuating a downward spiral into ill-health. This paper presents an overview of the bidirectional links between agriculture and health with a focus on the developing world. It develops a conceptual framework that brings together the various links between agriculture and health into a single broad framework. The framework comprises the core components of the agricultural supply chain (producers, systems and outputs), key health concerns and the mechanisms of common interaction between the agricultural and health components: income, labour, environment and access--all key social determinants of health. These links between agriculture and health present an opportunity for the two sectors to work together to find solutions to each other's problems. Yet the health and agricultural sectors remain poorly coordinated. Leadership from global health and agricultural institutions is needed to build policies and good governance to facilitate integration, while capacity building is needed at all levels to help translate the conceptual links into comprehensive action on the ground. Health and agricultural researchers likewise need to work more closely together to achieve common goals. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2006;84:985-991 Resume Exploiter les liens intersectoriels entre agriculture et sante pour ameliorer la sante et les moyens de subsistance des plus demunis Il existe de nombreux liens entre agriculture et sante. Tout d'abord, I'agriculture est indispensable a la sante : elle produit les aliments dont se nourrissent les humains, ainsi que des fibres et des materiaux pouvant servir a les abriter. Dans nombre de pays, c'est aussi un moyen de subsistance important pour les plus demunis. Dans le meme temps, des relations peuvent etre etablies entre agriculture et mauvaise sante: malnutrition, paludisme, affections d'origine alimentaire, VIH/SIDA, maladies transmises par le betail, maladies chroniques et troubles d'origine professionnelle. La sante exerce aussi une influence sur l'agriculture : l'etat de sante des individus a des effets sur leur demande en produits agricoles et dans les communautes agricoles, un mauvais etat de sante des membres diminue les performances professionnelles, les revenus et la productivite, entretenant ainsi une spirale descendante vers la deterioration de la sante. Le present article donne un apercu des relations bidirectionnelles entre agriculture et sante, l'accent etant mis sur le cas des pays en developpement. Il presente un cadre conceptuel unique et general, capable de regrouper l'ensemble de ces divers liens. Ce cadre integre les principales composantes de la chaine d'approvisionnement agricole (producteurs, systemes et produits), les preoccupations sanitaires majeures et les mecanismes d'interaction courants entre l'agriculture et les determinants sanitaires et sociaux suivants : revenus, environnement de travail et acces aux soins et a l'alimentation. L'existence de ces liens entre agriculture et sante devrait inciter ces deux secteurs a collaborer pour trouver des solutions a leurs problemes respectifs. Cependant, la coordination entre le secteur de la sante et celui de l'agriculture est encore tres limitee. Il faudrait que les organismes representant ces secteurs l',chelle mondiale elaborent des politiques et des regles de bonne gestion facilitant une prise en compte globale de leurs problemes et que les moyens pouvant contribuer a la transposition de ces liens conceptuels en interventions sur le terrain de grande portee soient renforces a tous les niveaux. Les chercheurs en sante et en agriculture ont besoin les uns comme les autres de collaborer etroitement pour atteindre des objectifs communs. Resumen Interaccion entre la agricultura y la salud: una oportunidad intersectorial para mejorar la salud y los medios de vida de los pobres La agricultura y la salud estan relacionadas de muchas maneras. Ante todo, la agricultura es esencial para una buena salud: produce alimentos, fibra y material de abrigo; en muchos paises es tambien una fuente importante de medios de subsistencia para los pobres. Pero al mismo tiempo la agricultura puede asociarse a problemas de salud, como malnutricion, malaria, enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos, la infeccion por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (infeccion por VIH/SIDA), enfermedades relacionadas con el ganado, enfermedades cronicas y enfermedades ocupacionales. La salud tambien influye a su vez en la agricultura: la situacion sanitaria de la poblacion influye en la demanda de productos agricolas, y en las comunidades agricolas la mala salud reduce el rendimiento del trabajo, reduce los ingresos y la productividad y perpetua una espiral de deterioro de la salud. En este articulo se presenta un panorama de las relaciones bidireccionales entre la agricultura y la salud, centrado sobre todo en el mundo en desarrollo. Se elabora un marco conceptual que integra las diversas relaciones entre la agricultura y la salud en un solo esquema general. Se inscriben en ese marco los componentes basicos de la cadena de suministro agricola (productores, sistemas y productos), las principales preocupaciones en materia de salud y los mecanismos de interaccion habituales entre los componentes agricola y sanitario: ingresos, trabajo, medio ambiente y acceso: todos ellos determinantes sociales clave de la salud. Esos vinculos entre la agricultura y la salud brindan a los dos sectores la oportunidad de colaborar y buscar cada uno soluciones para los problemas del otro. Sin embargo, son dos sectores que siguen estando mal coordinados. Se necesita el liderazgo de las instituciones mundiales relacionadas con la salud y la agricultura para elaborar politicas, y una buena gobernanza que facilite la integracion, y paralelamente se debe crear capacidad a todos los niveles para ayudar a traducir los vinculos teoricos en accion integral sobre el terreno. Asimismo, los investigadores sanitarios y agricolas necesitan colaborar mas estrechamente para alcanzar metas comunes., Introduction: identifying critical links between agriculture and health It is well established that population health is strongly influenced by society and the environment. Social and environmental determinants of health include [...]

The influence of global economic factors on chronic diseases, which is the largest cause of death led by cardiovascular disease, is discussed. A more concreted, strategic and multisectrol policy approach is considered essential to reverse the negative trends in the global incidence of chronic disease.