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1. Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial

Author: Staplin, N, Haynes, R, Judge, PK, Wanner, C, Green, JB, Emberson, J, Preiss, D, Mayne, KJ, Ng, SYA, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Hill, M, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Brenner, S, Cheung, AK, Liu, ZH, Li, J, Hooi, LS, Liu, WJ, Kadowaki, T, Nangaku, M, Levin, A, Cherney, D, Maggioni, AP, Pontremoli, R, Deo, R, Goto, S, Rossello, X, Tuttle, KR, Steubl, D, Petrini, M, Seidi, S, Landray, MJ, Baigent, C, Herrington, WG, Abat, S, Abd Rahman, R, Abdul Cader, R, Abdul Hafidz, MI, Abdul Wahab, MZ, Abdullah, NK, Abdul-Samad, T, Abe, M, Abraham, N, Acheampong, S, Achiri, P, Acosta, JA, Adeleke, A, Adell, V, Adewuyi-Dalton, R, Adnan, N, Africano, A, Agharazii, M, Aguilar, F, Aguilera, A, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, MK, Ahmad, NA, Ahmad, NH, Ahmad, NI, Ahmad Miswan, N, Ahmad Rosdi, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, S, Aiello, J, Aitken, A, AitSadi, R, Aker, S, Akimoto, S, Akinfolarin, A, Akram, S, Alberici, F, Albert, C, Aldrich, L, Alegata, M, Alexander, L, Alfaress, S, Alhadj Ali, M, Ali, A, Alicic, R, Aliu, A, Almaraz, R, Almasarwah, R, Almeida, J, Aloisi, A, Al-Rabadi, L, Alscher, D, Alvarez, P, Al-Zeer, B, Amat, M, Ambrose, C, Ammar, H, An, Y, Andriaccio, L, Ansu, K, Apostolidi, A, Arai, N, Araki, H, Araki, S, Arbi, A, Arechiga, O, Armstrong, S, Arnold, T, Aronoff, S, Arriaga, W, Arroyo, J, Arteaga, D, Asahara, S, Asai, A, Asai, N, Asano, S, Asawa, M, Asmee, MF, Aucella, F, Augustin, M, Avery, A, Awad, A, Awang, IY, Awazawa, M, Axler, A, Ayub, W, Azhari, Z, Baccaro, R, Badin, C, Bagwell, B, Bahlmann-Kroll, E, Bahtar, AZ, Bains, D, Bajaj, H, Baker, R, Baldini, E, Banas, B, Banerjee, D, Banno, S, Bansal, S, Barberi, S, Barnes, S, Barnini, C, Barot, C, Barrett, K, Barrios, R, Bartolomei Mecatti, B, Barton, I, Barton, J, Basily, W, Bavanandan, S, Baxter, A, Becker, L, Beddhu, S, Beige, J, Beigh, S, Bell, S, Benck, U, Beneat, A, Bennett, A, Bennett, D, Benyon, S, Berdeprado, J, Bergler, T, Bergner, A, Berry, M, Bevilacqua, M, Bhairoo, J, Bhandari, S, Bhandary, N, Bhatt, A, Bhattarai, M, Bhavsar, M, Bian, W, Bianchini, F, Bianco, S, Bilous, R, Bilton, J, Bilucaglia, D, Bird, C, Birudaraju, D, Biscoveanu, M, Blake, C, Bleakley, N, Bocchicchia, K, Bodine, S, Bodington, R, Boedecker, S, Bolduc, M, Bolton, S, Bond, C, Boreky, F, Boren, K, Bouchi, R, Bough, L, Bovan, D, Bowler, C, Bowman, L, Brar, N, Braun, C, Breach, A, Breitenfeldt, M, Brettschneider, B, Brewer, A, Brewer, G, Brindle, V, Brioni, E, Brown, C, Brown, H, Brown, L, Brown, R, Brown, S, Browne, D, Bruce, K, Brueckmann, M, Brunskill, N, Bryant, M, Brzoska, M, Bu, Y, Buckman, C, Budoff, M, Bullen, M, Burke, A, Burnette, S, Burston, C, Busch, M, Bushnell, J, Butler, S, Büttner, C, Byrne, C, Caamano, A, Cadorna, J, Cafiero, C, Cagle, M, Cai, J, Calabrese, K, Calvi, C, Camilleri, B, Camp, S, Campbell, D, Campbell, R, Cao, H, Capelli, I, Caple, M, Caplin, B, Cardone, A, Carle, J, Carnall, V, Caroppo, M, Carr, S, Carraro, G, Carson, M, Casares, P, Castillo, C, Castro, C, Caudill, B, Cejka, V, Ceseri, M, Cham, L, Chamberlain, A, Chambers, J, Chan, CBT, Chan, JYM, Chan, YC, Chang, E, Chant, T, Chavagnon, T, Chellamuthu, P, Chen, F, Chen, J, Chen, P, Chen, TM, Chen, Y, Cheng, C, Cheng, H, Cheng, MC, Ching, CH, Chitalia, N, Choksi, R, Chukwu, C, Chung, K, Cianciolo, G, Cipressa, L, Clark, S, Clarke, H, Clarke, R, Clarke, S, Cleveland, B, Cole, E, Coles, H, Condurache, L, Connor, A, Convery, K, Cooper, A, Cooper, N, Cooper, Z, Cooperman, L, Cosgrove, L, Coutts, P, Cowley, A, Craik, R, Cui, G, Cummins, T, Dahl, N, Dai, H, Dajani, L, D'Amelio, A, Damian, E, Damianik, K, Danel, L, Daniels, C, Daniels, T, Darbeau, S, Darius, H, Dasgupta, T, Davies, J, Davies, L, Davis, A, Davis, J, Davis, L, Dayanandan, R, Dayi, S, Dayrell, R, De Nicola, L, Debnath, S, Deeb, W, Degenhardt, S, DeGoursey, K, Delaney, M, DeRaad, R, Derebail, V, Dev, D, Devaux, M, Dhall, P, Dhillon, G, Dienes, J, Dobre, M, Doctolero, E, Dodds, V, Domingo, D, Donaldson, D, Donaldson, P, Donhauser, C, Donley, V, Dorestin, S, Dorey, S, Doulton, T, Draganova, D, Draxlbauer, K, Driver, F, Du, H, Dube, F, Duck, T, Dugal, T, Dugas, J, Dukka, H, Dumann, H, Durham, W, Dursch, M, Dykas, R, Easow, R, Eckrich, E, Eden, G, Edmerson, E, Edwards, H, Ee, LW, Eguchi, J, Ehrl, Y, Eichstadt, K, Eid, W, Eilerman, B, Ejima, Y, Eldon, H, Ellam, T, Elliott, L, Ellison, R, Epp, R, Er, A, Espino-Obrero, M, Estcourt, S, Estienne, L, Evans, G, Evans, J, Evans, S, Fabbri, G, Fajardo-Moser, M, Falcone, C, Fani, F, Faria-Shayler, P, Farnia, F, Farrugia, D, Fechter, M, Fellowes, D, Feng, F, Fernandez, J, Ferraro, P, Field, A, Fikry, S, Finch, J, Finn, H, Fioretto, P, Fish, R, Fleischer, A, Fleming-Brown, D, Fletcher, L, Flora, R, Foellinger, C, Foligno, N, Forest, S, Forghani, Z, Forsyth, K, Fottrell-Gould, D, Fox, P, Frankel, A, Fraser, D, Frazier, R, Frederick, K, Freking, N, French, H, Froment, A, Fuchs, B, Fuessl, L, Fujii, H, Fujimoto, A, Fujita, A, Fujita, K, Fujita, Y, Fukagawa, M, Fukao, Y, Fukasawa, A, Fuller, T, Funayama, T, Fung, E, Furukawa, M, Furukawa, Y, Furusho, M, Gabel, S, Gaidu, J, Gaiser, S, Gallo, K, Galloway, C, Gambaro, G, Gan, CC, Gangemi, C, Gao, M, Garcia, K, Garcia, M, Garofalo, C, Garrity, M, Garza, A, Gasko, S, Gavrila, M, Gebeyehu, B, Geddes, A, Gentile, G, George, A, George, J, Gesualdo, L, Ghalli, F, Ghanem, A, Ghate, T, Ghavampour, S, Ghazi, A, Gherman, A, Giebeln-Hudnell, U, Gill, B, Gillham, S, Girakossyan, I, Girndt, M, Giuffrida, A, Glenwright, M, Glider, T, Gloria, R, Glowski, D, Goh, BL, Goh, CB, Gohda, T, Goldenberg, R, Goldfaden, R, Goldsmith, C, Golson, B, Gonce, V, Gong, Q, Goodenough, B, Goodwin, N, Goonasekera, M, Gordon, A, Gordon, J, Gore, A, Goto, H, Gowen, D, Grace, A, Graham, J, Grandaliano, G, Gray, M, Greene, T, Greenwood, G, Grewal, B, Grifa, R, Griffin, D, Griffin, S, Grimmer, P, Grobovaite, E, Grotjahn, S, Guerini, A, Guest, C, Gunda, S, Guo, B, Guo, Q, Haack, S, Haase, M, Haaser, K, Habuki, K, Hadley, A, Hagan, S, Hagge, S, Haller, H, Ham, S, Hamal, S, Hamamoto, Y, Hamano, N, Hamm, M, Hanburry, A, Haneda, M, Hanf, C, Hanif, W, Hansen, J, Hanson, L, Hantel, S, Haraguchi, T, Harding, E, Harding, T, Hardy, C, Hartner, C, Harun, Z, Harvill, L, Hasan, A, Hase, H, Hasegawa, F, Hasegawa, T, Hashimoto, A, Hashimoto, C, Hashimoto, M, Hashimoto, S, Haskett, S, Hauske, SJ, Hawfield, A, Hayami, T, Hayashi, M, Hayashi, S, Hazara, A, Healy, C, Hecktman, J, Heine, G, Henderson, H, Henschel, R, Hepditch, A, Herfurth, K, Hernandez, G, Hernandez Pena, A, Hernandez-Cassis, C, Herzog, C, Hewins, S, Hewitt, D, Hichkad, L, Higashi, S, Higuchi, C, Hill, C, Hill, L, Himeno, T, Hing, A, Hirakawa, Y, Hirata, K, Hirota, Y, Hisatake, T, Hitchcock, S, Hodakowski, A, Hodge, W, Hogan, R, Hohenstatt, U, Hohenstein, B, Hooi, L, Hope, S, Hopley, M, Horikawa, S, Hosein, D, Hosooka, T, Hou, L, Hou, W, Howie, L, Howson, A, Hozak, M, Htet, Z, Hu, X, Hu, Y, Huang, J, Huda, N, Hudig, L, Hudson, A, Hugo, C, Hull, R, Hume, L, Hundei, W, Hunt, N, Hunter, A, Hurley, S, Hurst, A, Hutchinson, C, Hyo, T, Ibrahim, FH, Ibrahim, S, Ihana, N, Ikeda, T, Imai, A, Imamine, R, Inamori, A, Inazawa, H, Ingell, J, Inomata, K, Inukai, Y, Ioka, M, Irtiza-Ali, A, Isakova, T, Isari, W, Iselt, M, Ishiguro, A, Ishihara, K, Ishikawa, T, Ishimoto, T, Ishizuka, K, Ismail, R, Itano, S, Ito, H, Ito, K, Ito, M, Ito, Y, Iwagaitsu, S, Iwaita, Y, Iwakura, T, Iwamoto, M, Iwasa, M, Iwasaki, H, Iwasaki, S, Izumi, K, Izumi, T, Jaafar, SM, Jackson, C, Jackson, Y, Jafari, G, Jahangiriesmaili, M, Jain, N, Jansson, K, Jasim, H, Jeffers, L, Jenkins, A, Jesky, M, Jesus-Silva, J, Jeyarajah, D, Jiang, Y, Jiao, X, Jimenez, G, Jin, B, Jin, Q, Jochims, J, Johns, B, Johnson, C, Johnson, T, Jolly, S, Jones, L, Jones, S, Jones, T, Jones, V, Joseph, M, Joshi, S, Judge, P, Junejo, N, Junus, S, Kachele, M, Kadoya, H, Kaga, H, Kai, H, Kajio, H, Kaluza-Schilling, W, Kamaruzaman, L, Kamarzarian, A, Kamimura, Y, Kamiya, H, Kamundi, C, Kan, T, Kanaguchi, Y, Kanazawa, A, Kanda, E, Kanegae, S, Kaneko, K, Kang, HY, Kano, T, Karim, M, Karounos, D, Karsan, W, Kasagi, R, Kashihara, N, Katagiri, H, Katanosaka, A, Katayama, A, Katayama, M, Katiman, E, Kato, K, Kato, M, Kato, N, Kato, S, Kato, T, Kato, Y, Katsuda, Y, Katsuno, T, Kaufeld, J, Kavak, Y, Kawai, I, Kawai, M, Kawase, A, Kawashima, S, Kazory, A, Kearney, J, Keith, B, Kellett, J, Kelley, S, Kershaw, M, Ketteler, M, Khai, Q, Khairullah, Q, Khandwala, H, Khoo, KKL, Khwaja, A, Kidokoro, K, Kielstein, J, Kihara, M, Kimber, C, Kimura, S, Kinashi, H, Kingston, H, Kinomura, M, Kinsella-Perks, E, Kitagawa, M, Kitajima, M, Kitamura, S, Kiyosue, A, Kiyota, M, Klauser, F, Klausmann, G, Kmietschak, W, Knapp, K, Knight, C, Knoppe, A, Knott, C, Kobayashi, M, Kobayashi, R, Kobayashi, T, Koch, M, Kodama, S, Kodani, N, Kogure, E, Koizumi, M, Kojima, H, Kojo, T, Kolhe, N, Komaba, H, Komiya, T, Komori, H, Kon, SP, Kondo, M, Kong, W, Konishi, M, Kono, K, Koshino, M, Kosugi, T, Kothapalli, B, Kozlowski, T, Kraemer, B, Kraemer-Guth, A, Krappe, J, Kraus, D, Kriatselis, C, Krieger, C, Krish, P, Kruger, B, Ku Md Razi, KR, Kuan, Y, Kubota, S, Kuhn, S, Kumar, P, Kume, S, Kummer, I, Kumuji, R, Küpper, A, Kuramae, T, Kurian, L, Kuribayashi, C, Kurien, R, Kuroda, E, Kurose, T, Kutschat, A, Kuwabara, N, Kuwata, H, La Manna, G, Lacey, M, Lafferty, K, LaFleur, P, Lai, V, Laity, E, Lambert, A, Langlois, M, Latif, F, Latore, E, Laundy, E, Laurienti, D, Lawson, A, Lay, M, Leal, I, Lee, AK, Lee, J, Lee, KQ, Lee, R, Lee, SA, Lee, YY, Lee-Barkey, Y, Leonard, N, Leoncini, G, Leong, CM, Lerario, S, Leslie, A, Lewington, A, Li, N, Li, X, Li, Y, Liberti, L, Liberti, ME, Liew, A, Liew, YF, Lilavivat, U, Lim, SK, Lim, YS, Limon, E, Lin, H, Lioudaki, E, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liu, L, Liu, Q, Liu, X, Liu, Z, Loader, D, Lochhead, H, Loh, CL, Lorimer, A, Loudermilk, L, Loutan, J, Low, CK, Low, CL, Low, YM, Lozon, Z, Lu, Y, Lucci, D, Ludwig, U, Luker, N, Lund, D, Lustig, R, Lyle, S, Macdonald, C, MacDougall, I, Machicado, R, MacLean, D, Macleod, P, Madera, A, Madore, F, Maeda, K, Maegawa, H, Maeno, S, Mafham, M, Magee, J, Mah, DY, Mahabadi, V, Maiguma, M, Makita, Y, Makos, G, Manco, L, Mangiacapra, R, Manley, J, Mann, P, Mano, S, Marcotte, G, Maris, J, Mark, P, Markau, S, Markovic, M, Marshall, C, Martin, M, Martinez, C, Martinez, S, Martins, G, Maruyama, K, Maruyama, S, Marx, K, Maselli, A, Masengu, A, Maskill, A, Masumoto, S, Masutani, K, Matsumoto, M, Matsunaga, T, Matsuoka, N, Matsushita, M, Matthews, M, Matthias, S, Matvienko, E, Maurer, M, Maxwell, P, Mazlan, N, Mazlan, SA, Mbuyisa, A, McCafferty, K, McCarroll, F, McCarthy, T, McClary-Wright, C, McCray, K, McDermott, P, McDonald, C, McDougall, R, McHaffie, E, McIntosh, K, McKinley, T, McLaughlin, S, McLean, N, McNeil, L, Measor, A, Meek, J, Mehta, A, Mehta, R, Melandri, M, Mené, P, Meng, T, Menne, J, Merritt, K, Merscher, S, Meshykhi, C, Messa, P, Messinger, L, Miftari, N, Miller, R, Miller, Y, Miller-Hodges, E, Minatoguchi, M, Miners, M, Minutolo, R, Mita, T, Miura, Y, Miyaji, M, Miyamoto, S, Miyatsuka, T, Miyazaki, M, Miyazawa, I, Mizumachi, R, Mizuno, M, Moffat, S, Mohamad Nor, FS, Mohamad Zaini, SN, Mohamed Affandi, FA, Mohandas, C, Mohd, R, Mohd Fauzi, NA, Mohd Sharif, NH, Mohd Yusoff, Y, Moist, L, Moncada, A, Montasser, M, Moon, A, Moran, C, Morgan, N, Moriarty, J, Morig, G, Morinaga, H, Morino, K, Morisaki, T, Morishita, Y, Morlok, S, Morris, A, Morris, F, Mostafa, S, Mostefai, Y, Motegi, M, Motherwell, N, Motta, D, Mottl, A, Moys, R, Mozaffari, S, Muir, J, Mulhern, J, Mulligan, S, Munakata, Y, Murakami, C, Murakoshi, M, Murawska, A, Murphy, K, Murphy, L, Murray, S, Murtagh, H, Musa, MA, Mushahar, L, Mustafa, R, Mustafar, R, Muto, M, Nadar, E, Nagano, R, Nagasawa, T, Nagashima, E, Nagasu, H, Nagelberg, S, Nair, H, Nakagawa, Y, Nakahara, M, Nakamura, J, Nakamura, R, Nakamura, T, Nakaoka, M, Nakashima, E, Nakata, J, Nakata, M, Nakatani, S, Nakatsuka, A, Nakayama, Y, Nakhoul, G, Naverrete, G, Navivala, A, Nazeer, I, Negrea, L, Nethaji, C, Newman, E, Ng, TJ, Ngu, LLS, Nimbkar, T, Nishi, H, Nishi, M, Nishi, S, Nishida, Y, Nishiyama, A, Niu, J, Niu, P, Nobili, G, Nohara, N, Nojima, I, Nolan, J, Nosseir, H, Nozawa, M, Nunn, M, Nunokawa, S, Oda, M, Oe, M, Oe, Y, Ogane, K, Ogawa, W, Ogihara, T, Oguchi, G, Ohsugi, M, Oishi, K, Okada, Y, Okajyo, J, Okamoto, S, Okamura, K, Olufuwa, O, Oluyombo, R, Omata, A, Omori, Y, Ong, LM, Ong, YC, Onyema, J, Oomatia, A, Oommen, A, Oremus, R, Orimo, Y, Ortalda, V, Osaki, Y, Osawa, Y, Osmond Foster, J, O'Sullivan, A, Otani, T, Othman, N, Otomo, S, O'Toole, J, Owen, L, Ozawa, T, Padiyar, A, Page, N, Pajak, S, Paliege, A, Pandey, A, Pandey, R, Pariani, H, Park, J, Parrigon, M, Passauer, J, Patecki, M, Patel, M, Patel, R, Patel, T, Patel, Z, Paul, R, Paulsen, L, Pavone, L, Peixoto, A, Peji, J, Peng, BC, Peng, K, Pennino, L, Pereira, E, Perez, E, Pergola, P, Pesce, F, Pessolano, G, Petchey, W, Petr, EJ, Pfab, T, Phelan, P, Phillips, R, Phillips, T, Phipps, M, Piccinni, G, Pickett, T, Pickworth, S, Piemontese, M, Pinto, D, Piper, J, Plummer-Morgan, J, Poehler, D, Polese, L, Poma, V, Postal, A, Pötz, C, Power, A, Pradhan, N, Pradhan, R, Preiss, E, Preston, K, Prib, N, Price, L, Provenzano, C, Pugay, C, Pulido, R, Putz, F, Qiao, Y, Quartagno, R, Quashie-Akponeware, M, Rabara, R, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Radhakrishnan, D, Radley, M, Raff, R, Raguwaran, S, Rahbari-Oskoui, F, Rahman, M, Rahmat, K, Ramadoss, S, Ramanaidu, S, Ramasamy, S, Ramli, R, Ramli, S, Ramsey, T, Rankin, A, Rashidi, A, Raymond, L, Razali, WAFA, Read, K, Reiner, H, Reisler, A, Reith, C, Renner, J, Rettenmaier, B, Richmond, L, Rijos, D, Rivera, R, Rivers, V, Robinson, H, Rocco, M, Rodriguez-Bachiller, I, Rodriquez, R, Roesch, C, Roesch, J, Rogers, J, Rohnstock, M, Rolfsmeier, S, Roman, M, Romo, A, Rosati, A, Rosenberg, S, Ross, T, Roura, M, Roussel, M, Rovner, S, Roy, S, Rucker, S, Rump, L, Ruocco, M, Ruse, S, Russo, F, Russo, M, Ryder, M, Sabarai, A, Saccà, C, Sachson, R, Sadler, E, Safiee, NS, Sahani, M, Saillant, A, Saini, J, Saito, C, Saito, S, Sakaguchi, K, Sakai, M, Salim, H, Salviani, C, Sampson, A, Samson, F, Sandercock, P, Sanguila, S, Santorelli, G, Santoro, D, Sarabu, N, Saram, T, Sardell, R, Sasajima, H, Sasaki, T, Satko, S, Sato, A, Sato, D, Sato, H, Sato, J, Sato, T, Sato, Y, Satoh, M, Sawada, K, Schanz, M, Scheidemantel, F, Schemmelmann, M, Schettler, E, Schettler, V, Schlieper, GR, Schmidt, C, Schmidt, G, Schmidt, U, Schmidt-Gurtler, H, Schmude, M, Schneider, A, Schneider, I, Schneider-Danwitz, C, Schomig, M, Schramm, T, Schreiber, A, Schricker, S, Schroppel, B, Schulte-Kemna, L, Schulz, E, Schumacher, B, Schuster, A, Schwab, A, Scolari, F, Scott, A, Seeger, W, Segal, M, Seifert, L, Seifert, M, Sekiya, M, Sellars, R, Seman, MR, Shah, S, Shainberg, L, Shanmuganathan, M, Shao, F, Sharma, K, Sharpe, C, Sheikh-Ali, M, Sheldon, J, Shenton, C, Shepherd, A, Shepperd, M, Sheridan, R, Sheriff, Z, Shibata, Y, Shigehara, T, Shikata, K, Shimamura, K, Shimano, H, Shimizu, Y, Shimoda, H, Shin, K, Shivashankar, G, Shojima, N, Silva, R, Sim, CSB, Simmons, K, Sinha, S, Sitter, T, Sivanandam, S, Skipper, M, Sloan, K, Sloan, L, Smith, R, Smyth, J, Sobande, T, Sobata, M, Somalanka, S, Song, X, Sonntag, F, Sood, B, Sor, SY, Soufer, J, Sparks, H, Spatoliatore, G, Spinola, T, Squyres, S, Srivastava, A, Stanfield, J, Staylor, K, Steele, A, Steen, O, Steffl, D, Stegbauer, J, Stellbrink, C, Stellbrink, E, Stevenson, A, Stewart-Ray, V, Stickley, J, Stoffler, D, Stratmann, B, Streitenberger, S, Strutz, F, Stubbs, J, Stumpf, J, Suazo, N, Suchinda, P, Suckling, R, Sudin, A, Sugamori, K, Sugawara, H, Sugawara, K, Sugimoto, D, Sugiyama, H, Sugiyama, T, Sullivan, M, Sumi, M, Suresh, N, Sutton, D, Suzuki, H, Suzuki, R, Suzuki, Y, Swanson, E, Swift, P, Syed, S, Szerlip, H, Taal, M, Taddeo, M, Tailor, C, Tajima, K, Takagi, M, Takahashi, K, Takahashi, M, Takahashi, T, Takahira, E, Takai, T, Takaoka, M, Takeoka, J, Takesada, A, Takezawa, M, Talbot, M, Taliercio, J, Talsania, T, Tamori, Y, Tamura, R, Tamura, Y, Tan, CHH, Tan, EZZ, Tanabe, A, Tanabe, K, Tanaka, A, Tanaka, N, Tang, S, Tang, Z, Tanigaki, K, Tarlac, M, Tatsuzawa, A, Tay, JF, Tay, LL, Taylor, J, Taylor, K, Te, A, Tenbusch, L, Teng, KS, Terakawa, A, Terry, J, Tham, ZD, Tholl, S, Thomas, G, Thong, KM, Tietjen, D, Timadjer, A, Tindall, H, Tipper, S, Tobin, K, Toda, N, Tokuyama, A, Tolibas, M, Tomita, A, Tomita, T, Tomlinson, J, Tonks, L, Topf, J, Topping, S, Torp, A, Torres, A, Totaro, F, Toth, P, Toyonaga, Y, Tripodi, F, Trivedi, K, Tropman, E, Tschope, D, Tse, J, Tsuji, K, Tsunekawa, S, Tsunoda, R, Tucky, B, Tufail, S, Tuffaha, A, Turan, E, Turner, H, Turner, J, Turner, M, Tye, YL, Tyler, A, Tyler, J, Uchi, H, Uchida, H, Uchida, T, Udagawa, T, Ueda, S, Ueda, Y, Ueki, K, Ugni, S, Ugwu, E, Umeno, R, Unekawa, C, Uozumi, K, Urquia, K, Valleteau, A, Valletta, C, van Erp, R, Vanhoy, C, Varad, V, Varma, R, Varughese, A, Vasquez, P, Vasseur, A, Veelken, R, Velagapudi, C, Verdel, K, Vettoretti, S, Vezzoli, G, Vielhauer, V, Viera, R, Vilar, E, Villaruel, S, Vinall, L, Vinathan, 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Published: 2024
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2. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Author: Judge, PK, Staplin, N, Mayne, KJ, Wanner, C, Green, JB, Hauske, SJ, Emberson, JR, Preiss, D, Ng, SYA, Roddick, AJ, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Hill, M, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Brenner, S, Cheung, AK, Liu, ZH, Li, J, Hooi, LS, Liu, WJ, Kadowaki, T, Nangaku, M, Levin, A, Cherney, D, Maggioni, AP, Pontremoli, R, Deo, R, Goto, S, Rossello, X, Tuttle, KR, Steubl, D, Massey, D, Landray, MJ, Baigent, C, Haynes, R, Herrington, WG, Abat, S, Abd Rahman, R, Abdul Cader, R, Abdul Hafidz, MI, Abdul Wahab, MZ, Abdullah, NK, Abdul-Samad, T, Abe, M, Abraham, N, Acheampong, S, Achiri, P, Acosta, JA, Adeleke, A, Adell, V, Adewuyi-Dalton, R, Adnan, N, Africano, A, Agharazii, M, Aguilar, F, Aguilera, A, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, MK, Ahmad, NA, Ahmad, NH, Ahmad, NI, Ahmad Miswan, N, Ahmad Rosdi, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, S, Aiello, J, Aitken, A, AitSadi, R, Aker, S, Akimoto, S, Akinfolarin, A, Akram, S, Alberici, F, Albert, C, Aldrich, L, Alegata, M, Alexander, L, Alfaress, S, Alhadj Ali, M, Ali, A, Alicic, R, Aliu, 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Yahaya, H, Yalamanchili, H, Yamada, A, Yamada, N, Yamagata, K, Yamaguchi, M, Yamaji, Y, Yamamoto, A, Yamamoto, S, Yamamoto, T, Yamanaka, A, Yamano, T, Yamanouchi, Y, Yamasaki, N, Yamasaki, Y, Yamashita, C, Yamauchi, T, Yan, Q, Yanagisawa, E, Yang, F, Yang, L, Yano, S, Yao, S, Yao, Y, Yarlagadda, S, Yasuda, Y, Yiu, V, Yokoyama, T, Yoshida, S, Yoshidome, E, Yoshikawa, H, Young, A, Young, T, Yousif, V, Yu, H, Yu, Y, Yuasa, K, Yusof, N, Zalunardo, N, Zander, B, Zani, R, Zappulo, F, Zayed, M, Zemann, B, Zettergren, P, Zhang, H, Zhang, L, Zhang, N, Zhang, X, Zhao, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, S, Zhao, Z, Zhong, H, Zhou, N, Zhou, S, Zhu, L, Zhu, S, Zietz, M, Zippo, M, Zirino, F, and Zulkipli, FH
Published: 2024
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3. The Difference Between Cystatin C– and Creatinine-Based Estimated GFR and Associations With Frailty and Adverse Outcomes: A Cohort Analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)

Author: Potok, O Alison, Ix, Joachim H, Shlipak, Michael G, Katz, Ronit, Hawfield, Amret T, Rocco, Michael V, Ambrosius, Walter T, Cho, Monique E, Pajewski, Nicholas M, Rastogi, Anjay, and Rifkin, Dena E
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Prevention, Kidney Disease, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Biomarkers, Blood Pressure, Creatinine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cystatin C, Female, Frailty, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Male, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk Factors, Systole, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, aging, cardiovascular disease, cystatin C, death, falls, filtration marker, frailty, kidney function, muscle mass, older adults, renal disease, risk stratification, sarcopenia, serum creatinine, Public Health and Health Services, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Rationale & objectiveIn prior research and in practice, the difference between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from cystatin C level and eGFR calculated from creatinine level has not been assessed for clinical significance and relevance. We evaluated whether these differences contain important information about frailty.Study designA cohort analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).Setting & participants9,092 hypertensive SPRINT participants who had baseline measurements of serum creatinine, cystatin C, and frailty.ExposureeGFRs calculated using CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equations (eGFRcys and eGFRcr), and eGFRDiff, calculated as eGFRcys-eGFRcr.OutcomesA validated 35-item frailty index that included questionnaire data for general and physical health, limitations of activities, pain, depression, sleep, energy level, self-care, and smoking status, as well as medical history, cognitive assessment, and laboratory data. We defined frailty as frailty index score>0.21 (range, 0-1). The incidence of injurious falls, hospitalizations, cardiovascular events, and mortality was also recorded.Analytical approachWe used logistic regression to model the cross-sectional association of baseline eGFRDiff with frailty among all SPRINT participants. Adjusted proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association of eGFRDiff with adverse outcomes and mortality.ResultsMean age was 68±9 (SD) years, mean eGFRcys and eGFRcr were 73±23 and 72±20mL/min/1.73m2, and mean eGFRDiff was 0.5±15mL/min/1.73m2. In adjusted models, each 1-SD higher eGFRDiff was associated with 24% lower odds of prevalent frailty (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71-0.81), as well as with lower incidence rate of injurious falls (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92), hospitalization (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95), cardiovascular events (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97), and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.82); P
Published: 2020

4. Markers of kidney tubule function and risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality in the SPRINT trial

Author: Garimella, Pranav S, Lee, Alexandra K, Ambrosius, Walter T, Bhatt, Udayan, Cheung, Alfred K, Chonchol, Michel, Craven, Timothy, Hawfield, Amret T, Jotwani, Vasantha, Killeen, Anthony, Punzi, Henry, Sarnak, Mark J, Wall, Barry M, Ix, Joachim H, and Shlipak, Michael G
Subjects: Prevention, Heart Disease, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Aging, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Inflammation, Kidney Tubules, Male, Middle Aged, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk Factors, Uromodulin, Tubular function, Cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease, Alpha-1 microglobulin, Beta-2 microglobulin, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract: AimsBiomarkers of kidney tubule injury, inflammation and fibrosis have been studied extensively and established as risk markers of adverse kidney and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. However, associations of markers of kidney tubular function with adverse clinical events have not been well studied, especially in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods and resultsUsing a sample of 2377 persons with CKD at the baseline Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) visit, we evaluated the association of three urine tubular function markers, alpha-1 microglobulin (α1m), beta-2 microglobulin (β2m), and uromodulin, with a composite CVD endpoint (myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes) and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, and CVD risk factors. In unadjusted analysis, over a median follow-up of 3.8 years, α1m and β2m had positive associations with composite CVD events and mortality, whereas uromodulin had an inverse association with risk for both outcomes. In multivariable analysis including eGFR and albuminuria, a two-fold higher baseline concentration of α1m was associated with higher risk of CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.45] and mortality (HR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10-1.46), whereas β2m had no association with either outcome. A two-fold higher uromodulin concentration was associated with lower CVD risk (HR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68-0.90) but not mortality (HR 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73-1.01) after adjusting for similar confounders.ConclusionAmong non-diabetic persons with CKD, biomarkers of tubular function are associated with CVD events and mortality independent of glomerular function and albuminuria.
Published: 2019

5. Kidney Disease, Hypertension Treatment, and Cerebral Perfusion and Structure

Author: Whelton, Paul, Johnson, Karen C., Snyder, Joni, Bild, Diane, Bonds, Denise, Cook, Nakela, Cutler, Jeffrey, Fine, Lawrence, Kaufmann, Peter, Kimmel, Paul, Launer, Lenore, Moy, Claudia, Riley, William, Ryan, Laurie, Tolunay, Eser, Yang, Song, Reboussin, David, Williamson, Jeff, Ambrosius, Walter T., Applegate, William, Evans, Greg, Foy, Capri, Freedman, Barry I., Kitzman, Dalane, Lyles, Mary, Pajewski, Nick, Rapp, Steve, Rushing, Scott, Shah, Neel, Sink, Kaycee M., Vitolins, Mara, Wagenknecht, Lynne, Wilson, Valerie, Perdue, Letitia, Woolard, Nancy, Craven, Tim, Garcia, Katelyn, Gaussoin, Sarah, Lovato, Laura, Newman, Jill, Lovato, James, Lu, Lingyi, McLouth, Chris, Russell, Greg, Amoroso, Bobby, Davis, Patty, Griffin, Jason, Harris, Darrin, King, Mark, Lane, Kathy, Roberson, Wes, Steinberg, Debbie, Ashford, Donna, Babcock, Phyllis, Chamberlain, Dana, Christensen, Vickie, Cloud, Loretta, Collins, Christy, Cook, Delilah, Currie, Katherine, Felton, Debbie, Harpe, Stacy, Howard, Marjorie, Lewis, Michelle, Nance, Pamela, Puccinelli-Ortega, Nicole, Russell, Laurie, Walker, Jennifer, Craven, Brenda, Goode, Candace, Troxler, Margie, Davis, Janet, Hutchens, Sarah, Killeen, Anthony A., Lukkari, Anna M., Ringer, Robert, Dillard, Brandi, Archibeque, Norbert, Warren, Stuart, Sather, Mike, Pontzer, James, Taylor, Zach, Soliman, Elsayed Z., Zhang, Zhu-Ming, Li, Yabing, Campbell, Chuck, Hensley, Susan, Hu, Julie, Keasler, Lisa, Barr, Mary, Taylor, Tonya, Bryan, R. Nick, Davatzikos, Christos, Nasarallah, Ilya, Desiderio, Lisa, Elliott, Mark, Borthakur, Ari, Battapady, Harsha, Erus, Guray, Smith, Alex, Wang, Ze, Doshi, Jimit, Wright, Jackson T., Jr., Rahman, Mahboob, Lerner, Alan J., Still, Carolyn, Wiggers, Alan, Zamanian, Sara, Bee, Alberta, Dancie, Renee, Thomas, George, Schreiber, Martin, Jr., Navaneethan, Sankar Dass, Hickner, John, Lioudis, Michael, Lard, Michelle, Marczewski, Susan, Maraschky, Jennifer, Colman, Martha, Aaby, Andrea, Payne, Stacey, Ramos, Melanie, Horner, Carol, Drawz, Paul, Raghavendra, Pratibha P., Ober, Scott, Mourad, Ronda, Pallaki, Muralidhar, Russo, Peter, Raghavendra, Pratibha, Fantauzzo, Pual, Tucker, Lisa, Schwing, Bill, Sedor, John R., Horwitz, Edward J., Schellling, Jeffrey R., O’Toole, John F., Humbert, Lisa, Tutolo, Wendy, White, Suzanne, Gay, Alishea, Clark, Walter, Jr., Hughes, Robin, Dobre, Mirela, Still, Carolyn H., Williams, Monique, Bhatt, Udayan, Hebert, Lee, Agarwal, Anil, Murphy, Melissa Brown, Ford, Nicole, Stratton, Cynthia, Baxter, Jody, Lykins, Alicia A., McKinley Neal Leena Hirmath, Alison, Kwame, Osei, Soe, Kyaw, Miser, William F., Sagrilla, Colleen, Johnston, Jan, Anaya, Amber, Mintos, Ashley, Howell, Angel A., Rogers, Kelly, Taylor, Sara, Ebersbacher, Donald, Long, Lucy, Bednarchik, Beth, Schnall, Adrian, Smith, Jonathan, Peysha, Lori, Leach, Lisa, Tribout, Megan, Harwell, Carla, Ellington, Pinkie, Banerji, Mary Ann, Ghody, Pranav, Rambaud, Melissa Vahídeh, Townsend, Raymond, Cohen, Debbie, Huan, Yonghong, Duckworth, Mark, Ford, Virginia, Leshner, Juliet, Davison, Ann, Veen, Sarah Vander, Gadegbeku, Crystal A., Gillespie, Avi, Paranjape, Anuradha, Amoroso, Sandra, Pfeffer, Zoe, Quinn, Sally B., He, Jiang, Chen, Jing, Lustigova, Eva, Malone, Erin, Krousel-Wood, Marie, Deichmann, Richard, Ronney, Patricia, Muery, Susan, Trapani, Donnalee, Rocco, Michael, Goff, David, Rodriguez, Carlos, Coker, Laura, Hawfield, Amret, Yeboah, Joseph, Crago, Lenore, Summerson, John, Hege, Anita, Diamond, Matt, Mulloy, Laura, Hodges, Marcela, Collins, Michelle, Weathers, Charlene, Anderson, Heather, Stone, Emily, Walker, Walida, McWilliams, Andrew, Dulin, Michael, Kuhn, Lindsay, Standridge, Susan, Lowe, Lindsay, Everett, Kelly, Preston, Kelry, Norton, Susan, Gaines, Silena, Rizvi, Ali A., Sides, Andrew W., Herbert, Diamond, Hix, Matthew M., Whitmire, Melanie, Arnold, Brittany, Hutchinson, Philip, Espiritu, Joseph, Feinglos, Mark, Kovalik, Eugene, Gedon-Lipscomb, Georgianne, Evans, Kathryn, Thacker, Connie, Zimmer, Ronna, Furst, Mary, Mason, MaryAnn, Powell, James, Bolin, Paul, Zhang, Junhong, Pinion, Mary, Davis, Gail, Bryant, Winifred, Phelps, Presley, Garris-Sutton, Connie, Atkinson, Beatrice, Contreras, Gabriele, Suarez, Maritza, Schulman, Ivonne, Koggan, Don, Vassallo, Jackie, Peruyera, Gloria, Whittington, Sheri, Bethea, Cassandra, Gilliam, Laura, Pedley, Carolyn, Zurek, Geraldine, Baird, Miriam, Herring, Charles, Smoak, Mary Martha, Williams, Julie, Rogers, Samantha, Gordon, Lindsay, Kennedy, Erin, Belle, Beverly, McCorkle-Doomy, Jessica, Adams, Jonathan, Lopez, Ramon, Janavs, Juris, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, Chapman, Arlene, Dollar, Allen, Williams, Olubunmi, Han, Yoosun, Haley, William, Fitzpatrick, Peter, Blackshear, Joseph, Shapiro, Brian, Harrell, Anna, Palaj, Arta, Henderson, Katelyn, Johnson, Ashley, Gonzalez, Heath, Robinson, Jermaine, Tamariz, Leonardo, Denizard, Jennifer, Barakat, Rody, Krishnamoorthy, Dhurga, Greenway, Frank, Monce, Ron, Church, Timothy, Hendrick, Chelsea, Yoches, Aimee, Sones, Leighanne, Baltazar, Markee, Pemu, Priscilla, Jones, Connie, Akpalu, Derrick, Cheung, Alfred K., Beddhu, Srinivasan, Chelune, Gordon, Childs, Jeffrey, Gren, Lisa, Randall, Anne, Dember, Laura, Soares, Denise, Yee, Jerry, Umanath, Kausik, Ogletree, Naima, Thaxton, Schawana, Campana, Karen, Sheldon, Dayna, MacArthur, Krista, Muhlestein, J. Brent, Allred, Nathan, Clements, Brian, Dhar, Ritesh, Meredith, Kent, Le, Viet, Miner, Edward, Orford, James, Riessen, Erik R., Ballantyne, Becca, Chisum, Ben, Johnson, Kevin, Peeler, Dixie, Chertow, Glenn, Tamura, Manju, Chang, Tara, Erickson, Kevin, Shen, Jenny, Stafford, Randall S., Zaharchuk, Gregory, Del Cid, Margareth, Dentinger, Michelle, Sabino, Jennifer, Sahay, Rukmani, Telminova, Ekaterina, Weiner, Daniel E., Sarnak, Mark, Chan, Lily, Civiletto, Amanda, Heath, Alyson, Kantor, Amy, Jain, Priyanka, Kirkpatrick, Bethany, Well, Andrew, Yuen, Barry, Chonchol, Michel, Farmer, Beverly, Farmer, Heather, Greenwald, Carol, Malaczewski, Mikaela, Lash, James, Porter, Anna, Ricardo, Ana, Rosman, Robert T., Cohan, Janet, Barrera, Nieves Lopez, Meslar, Daniel, Meslar, Patricia, Conroy, Margaret, Unruh, Mark, Hess, Rachel, Jhamb, Manisha, Thomas, Holly, Fazio, Pam, Klixbull, Elle, Komlos-Weimer, Melissa, Mandich, LeeAnne, Vita, Tina, Toto, Robert, Van Buren, Peter, Inrig, Julia, Cruz, Martha, Lightfoot, Tammy, Wang, Nancy, Webster, Lori, Raphael, Kalani, Stults, Barry, Zaman, Tahir, Simmons, Debra, Lavasani, Tooran, Filipowicz, Rebecca, Wei, Guo, Miller, Gracie Mary, Harerra, Jenice, Christensen, Jeff, Giri, Ajay, Chen, Xiaorui, Anderton, Natalie, Jensen, Arianna, Lewis, Julia, Burgner, Anna, Dwyer, Jamie P., Schulman, Gerald, Herrud, Terri, Leavell, Ewanda, McCray, Tiffany, McNeil-Simaan, Edwina, Poudel, Munmun, Reed, Malia, Sika, Mohammed, Woods, Delia, Zirkenbach, Janice L., Raj, Dominic S., Cohen, Scott, Patel, Samir, Velasquez, Manuel, Bastian, Roshni S., Wing, Maria, Roy-Chaudhury, Akshay, Depner, Thomas, Dalyrymple, Lorien, Kaysen, George, Anderson, Susan, Nord, John, Ix, Joachim H., Goldenstein, Leonard, Miracle, Cynthia M., Forbang, Nketi, Mircic, Maja, Thomas, Brenda, Tran, Tiffany, Rastogi, Anjay, Kim, Mihae, Rashid, Mohamad, Lizarraga, Bianca, Hocza, Amy, Sarmosyan, Kristine, Norris, Jason, Sharma, Tushar, Chioy, Amanda, Bernard, Eric, Cabrera, Eleanore, Lopez, Christina, Nunez, Susana, Riad, Joseph, Schweitzer, Suzanne, Sirop, Siran, Thomas, Sarah, Wada, Lauren, Kramer, Holly, Bansal, Vinod, Taylor, Corliss E., Segal, Mark S., Hall, Karen L., Kazory, Amir, Gilbert, Lesa, Owens, Linda, Poulton, Danielle, Whidden, Elaine, Wiggins, Jocelyn, Blaum, Caroline, Nyquist, Linda, Min, Lillian, Gure, Tanya, Lewis, Ruth, Mawby, Jennifer, Robinson, Eileen, Oparil, Suzanne, Lewis, Cora E., Bradley, Virginia, Calhoun, David, Glasser, Stephen, Jenkins, Kim, Ramsey, Tom, Qureshi, Nauman, Ferguson, Karen, Haider, Sumrah, James, Mandy, Jones, Christy, Renfroe, Kim, Seay, April, Weigart, Carrie, Thornley-Brown, Denyse, Rizik, Dana, Cotton, Bari, Fitz-Gerald, Meredith, Grimes, Tiffany, Johnson, Carolyn, Kennedy, Sara, Mason, Chanel, Rosato-Burson, Lesa, Willingham, Robin, Judd, Eric, Breaux-Shropshire, Tonya, Cook, Felice, Medina, Julia, Ghazi, Lama, Bhatt, Hemal, Lewis, James, Brantley, Roman, Brouilette, John, Glaze, Jeffrey, Hall, Stephanie, Hiott, Nancy, Tharpe, David, Boddy, Spencer, Mack, Catherine, Womack, Catherine, Asao, Keiko, Griffin, Beate, Hendrix, Carol, Johnson, Karen, Jones, Lisa, Towers, Chelsea, Punzi, Henry, Cassidy, Kathy, Schumacher, Kristin, Irizarry, Carmen, Colon, Ilma, Colon-Ortiz, Pedro, Colón-Hernández, Pedro J., Carrasquillo-Navarro, Orlando J., Carrasquillo, Merari, Vazquez, Nivea, Sosa-Padilla, Miguel, Cintron-Pinero, Alex, Ayala, Mayra, Pacheco, Olga, Rivera, Catalina, Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Irma, Claudio, Jamie, Lazaro, Jose, Arce, Migdalia, Heres, Lourdes, Perez, Alba, Tavarez-Valle, Jose, Arocho, Ferlinda, Torres, Mercedes, Vazquez, Melvaliz, Aurigemma, Gerard P., Takis-Smith, Rebecca, Andrieni, Julia, Bodkin, Noelle, Chaudhary, Kiran, Hu, Paula, Kostis, John, Cosgrove, Nora, Bankowski, Denise, Boleyn, Monica, Casazza, Laurie, Giresi, Victoria, Patel, Tosha, Squindo, Erin, Wu, Yan, Henson, Zeb, Wofford, Marion, Lowery, Jessica, Minor, Deborah, Harkins, Kimberley, Auchus, Alexander, Flessner, Michael, Adair, Cathy, Asher, Jordan, Loope, Debbie, Cobb, Rita, Venegas, Reiner, Bigger, Thomas, Bello, Natalie, Homma, Shunichi, Donovan, Daniel, Lopez-Jimenez, Carlos, Tirado, Amilcar, Getaneh, Asqual, Tang, Rocky, Durant, Sabrina, Maurer, Mathew, Teruya, Sergio, Helmke, Stephen, Alvarez, Julissa, Campbell, Ruth, Pisoni, Roberto, Sturdivant, Rachel, Brooks, Deborah, Counts, Caroline, Hunt, Vickie, Spillers, Lori, Brautigam, Donald, Kitchen, Timothy, Gorman, Timothy, Sayers, Jessica, Button, Sarah, Chiarot, June, Fischer, Rosemary, Lyon, Melissa, Resnick, Maria, Hodges, Nicole, Ferreira, Jennifer, Cushman, William, Wall, Barry, Nichols, Linda, Burns, Robert, Martindale-Adams, Jennifer, Berlowitz, Dan, Clark, Elizabeth, Walsh, Sandy, Geraci, Terry, Huff, Carol, Shaw, Linda, Servilla, Karen, Vigil, Darlene, Barrett, Terry, Sweeney, Mary Ellen, Johnson, Rebecca, McConnell, Susan, Salles, Khadijeh Shahid, Watson, Francoise, Schenk, Cheryl, Whittington, Laura, Maher, Maxine, Williams, Jonathan, Swartz, Stephen, Conlin, Paul, Alexis, George, Lamkin, Rebecca, Underwood, Patti, Gomes, Helen, Rosendorff, Clive, Atlas, Stephen, Khan, Saadat, Gonzalez, Waddy, Barcham, Samih, Kwon, Lawrence, Matar, Matar, Adhami, Anwar, Basile, Jan, John, Joseph, Ham, Deborah, Baig, Hadi, Saklayen, Mohammed, Yap, Jason, Neff, Helen, Miller, Carol, Zheng-Phelan, Ling, Gappy, Saib, Rau, Shiva, Raman, Arathi, Berchou, Vicki, Jones, Elizabeth, Olgren, Erin, Marbury, Cynthia, Yudd, Michael, Sastrasinh, Sithiporn, Michaud, Jennine, Fiore, Jessica, Kutza, Marianne, Shorr, Ronald, Mount, Rattana, Dunn, Helen, Stinson, Susan, Hunter, Jessica, Taylor, Addison, Bates, Jeffery, Anderson, Catherine, Kirchner, Kent, Stubbs, Jodi, Hinton, Ardell, Spencer, Anita, Sharma, Santosh, Wiegmann, Thomas, Mehta, Smita, Krause, Michelle, Dishongh, Kate, Childress, Richard, Gyamlani, Geeta, Niakan, Atossa, Thompson, Cathy, Moody, Janelle, Gresham, Carolyn, Whittle, Jeffrey, Barnas, Gary, Wolfgram, Dawn, Cortese, Heidi, Johnson, Jonette, Roumie, Christianne, Hung, Adriana, Wharton, Jennifer, Niesner, Kurt, Katz, Lois, Richardson, Elizabeth, Brock, George, Holland, Joanne, Dixon, Troy, Zias, Athena, Spiller, Christine, Baker, Penelope, Felicetta, James, Rehman, Shakaib, Bingham, Kelli, Watnick, Suzanne, Cohen, David, Weiss, Jessica, Johnston, Tera, Giddings, Stephen, Yamout, Hala, Klein, Andrew, Rowe, Caroline, Vargo, Kristin, Waidmann, Kristi, Papademetriou, Vasilios, Elkhoury, Jean Pierre, Gregory, Barbara, Amodeo, Susan, Bloom, Mary, Goldfarb-Waysman, Dalia, Treger, Richard, Kashefi, Mehran, Huang, Christina, Knibloe, Karen, Ishani, Areef, Slinin, Yelena, Olney, Christine, Rust, Jacqueline, Fanti, Paolo, Dyer, Christopher, Bansal, Shweta, Dunnam, Monica, Hu, Lih-Lan, Zarate-Abbott, Perla, Kurella Tamura, Manjula, Pajewski, Nicholas M., Zaharchuk, Greg, Rapp, Stephen R., Auchus, Alexander P., Haley, William E., Kendrick, Jessica, Roumie, Christianne L., Williamson, Jeff D., Detre, John A., Dolui, Sudipto, and Nasrallah, Ilya M.
Published: 2022
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6. Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants associate with prevalent kidney but not prevalent cardiovascular disease in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial

Author: Langefeld, Carl D, Divers, Jasmin, Pajewski, Nicholas M, Hawfield, Amret T, Reboussin, David M, Bild, Diane E, Kaysen, George A, Kimmel, Paul L, Raj, Dominic S, Ricardo, Ana C, Wright, Jackson T, Sedor, John R, Rocco, Michael V, Freedman, Barry I, and Trial, on behalf of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention
Subjects: Hypertension, Cardiovascular, Kidney Disease, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease, Prevention, Clinical Research, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, African Americans, Apolipoprotein L1, Apolipoproteins, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial, Black or African American, Clinical Sciences, Urology & Nephrology
Abstract: Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) G1 and G2 coding variants are strongly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African Americans (AAs). Here APOL1 association was tested with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 2571 AAs from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), a trial assessing effects of systolic blood pressure reduction on renal and CVD outcomes. Logistic regression models that adjusted for potentially important confounders tested for association between APOL1 risk variants and baseline clinical CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary, or carotid artery revascularization) and CKD (eGFR under 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and/or UACR over 30 mg/g). AA SPRINT participants were 45.3% female with a mean (median) age of 64.3 (63) years, mean arterial pressure 100.7 (100) mm Hg, eGFR 76.3 (77.1) ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and UACR 49.9 (9.2) mg/g, and 8.2% had clinical CVD. APOL1 (recessive inheritance) was positively associated with CKD (odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.73) and log UACR estimated slope (β) 0.33) and negatively associated with eGFR (β -3.58), all significant. APOL1 risk variants were not significantly associated with prevalent CVD (1.02, 0.82-1.27). Thus, SPRINT data show that APOL1 risk variants are associated with mild CKD but not with prevalent CVD in AAs with a UACR under 1000 mg/g.
Published: 2015

7. Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Control on All-Cause Hospitalizations

Author: Rocco, Michael V., Comeau, Mary E., Marion, Miranda C., Freedman, Barry I., Hawfield, Amret T., and Langefeld, Carl D.
Published: 2020
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8. Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment on Acute Kidney Injury Events in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)

Author: Rocco, Michael V., Sink, Kaycee M., Lovato, Laura C., Wolfgram, Dawn F., Wiegmann, Thomas B., Wall, Barry M., Umanath, Kausik, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, Porter, Anna C., Pisoni, Roberto, Lewis, Cora E., Lewis, Julia B., Lash, James P., Katz, Lois A., Hawfield, Amret T., Haley, William E., Freedman, Barry I., Dwyer, Jamie P., Drawz, Paul E., Dobre, Mirela, Cheung, Alfred K., Campbell, Ruth C., Bhatt, Udayan, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Kimmel, Paul L., Reboussin, David M., and Chertow, Glenn M.
Published: 2018
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9. Effects of supervised exercise and dietary nitrate in older adults with controlled hypertension and/or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Author: Shaltout, Hossam A., Eggebeen, Joel, Marsh, Anthony P., Brubaker, Peter H., Laurienti, Paul J., Burdette, Jonathan H., Basu, Swati, Morgan, Ashley, Dos Santos, Patricia C., Norris, James L., Morgan, Timothy M., Miller, Gary D., Rejeski, W. Jack, Hawfield, Amret T., Diz, Debra I., Becton, J. Thomas, Kim-Shapiro, Daniel B., and Kitzman, Dalane W.
Published: 2017
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10. APOL1 Renal-Risk Variants Do Not Associate With Incident Cardiovascular Disease or Mortality in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial

Author: Freedman, Barry I., Rocco, Michael V., Bates, Jeffrey T., Chonchol, Michel, Hawfield, Amret T., Lash, James P., Papademetriou, Vasilios, Sedor, John R., Servilla, Karen, Kimmel, Paul L., Wall, Barry M., and Pajewski, Nicholas M.
Published: 2017
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11. APOL1 renal-risk variants associate with reduced cerebral white matter lesion volume and increased gray matter volume

Author: Freedman, Barry I., Gadegbeku, Crystal A., Bryan, R. Nick, Palmer, Nicholette D., Hicks, Pamela J., Ma, Lijun, Rocco, Michael V., Smith, S. Carrie, Xu, Jianzhao, Whitlow, Christopher T., Wagner, Benjamin C., Langefeld, Carl D., Hawfield, Amret T., Bates, Jeffrey T., Lerner, Alan J., Raj, Dominic S., Sadaghiani, Mohammad S., Toto, Robert D., Wright, Jackson T., Jr., Bowden, Donald W., Williamson, Jeff D., Sink, Kaycee M., Maldjian, Joseph A., Pajewski, Nicholas M., and Divers, Jasmin
Published: 2016
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12. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Author: Herrington, William G, Staplin, Natalie, Wanner, Christoph, Green, Jennifer B, Hauske, Sibylle J, Emberson, Jonathan R, Preiss, David, Judge, Parminder, Mayne, Kaitlin J, Ng, Sarah Y A, Sammons, Emily, Zhu, Doreen, Hill, Michael, Stevens, Will, Wallendszus, Karl, Brenner, Susanne, Cheung, Alfred K, Liu, Zhi-Hong, Li, Jing, Hooi, Lai Seong, Liu, Wen, Kadowaki, Takashi, Nangaku, Masaomi, Levin, Adeera, Cherney, David, Maggioni, Aldo P, Pontremoli, Roberto, Deo, Rajat, Goto, Shinya, Rossello, Xavier, Tuttle, Katherine R, Steubl, Dominik, Petrini, Michaela, Massey, Dan, Eilbracht, Jens, Brueckmann, Martina, Landray, Martin J, Baigent, Colin, Haynes, Richard, The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent, Martin J Landray, Christoph Wanner, William G Herrington, Richard Haynes, Jennifer B Green, Sibylle J Hauske, Martina Brueckmann, Mark Hopley, Maximillian von-Eynatten, Jyothis George, Susanne Brenner, Alfred K Cheung, David Preiss, Zhi-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Laiseong Hooi, Wen Liu, Takashi Kadowaki, Masaomi Nangaku, Adeera Levin, David Cherney, Roberto Pontremoli, Aldo P Maggioni, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan Emberson, Stefan Hantel, Shinya Goto, Rajat Deo, Katherine R Tuttle, Michael Hill, Parminder Judge, Kaitlin J Mayne, Sarah Y A Ng, Xavier Rossello, Emily Sammons, Doreen Zhu, Peter Sandercock, Rudolf Bilous, Charles Herzog, Paul Whelton, Janet Wittes, Derrick Bennett, Patricia Achiri, Chrissie Ambrose, Cristina Badin, Jill Barton, Richard Brown, Andy Burke, Sebastian Butler, Rejive Dayanandan, Pia Donaldson, Robert Dykas, Lucy Fletcher, Kate Frederick, Hannah Kingston, Mo Gray, Emily Harding, Akiko Hashimoto, Lyn Howie, Susan Hurley, Ryonfa Lee, Nik Luker, Kevin Murphy, Mariko Nakahara, John Nolan, Michelle Nunn, Sorcha Mulligan, Akiko Omata, Sandra Pickworth, YanRu Qiao, Shraddha Shah, Karen Taylor, Alison Timadjer, Monique Willett, Liz Wincott, Qin Yan, Hui Yu, Louise Bowman, Fang Chen, Robert Clarke, Michelle Goonasekera, Waseem Karsan, Marion Mafham, Christina Reith, Mohammed Zayed, Ritva Ellison, Rowan Moys, Will Stevens, Kevin Verdel, Karl Wallendszus, Chris Bowler, Anna Brewer, Andy Measor, Guanguo Cui, Charles Daniels, Angela Field, Bob Goodenough, Ashley Lawson, Youcef Mostefai, Dheeptha Radhakrishnan, Samee Syed, Shuang Xia, Ruth Adewuyi-Dalton, Thomas Arnold, Anne-Marie Beneat, Anoushka Bhatt, Chloe Bird, Andrew Breach, Laura Brown, Mark Caple, Tatyana Chavagnon, Karen Chung, Sarah Clark, Luminita Condurache, Katarzyna Eichstadt, Marta Espino Obrero, Scarlett Forest, Helen French, Nick Goodwin, Andrew Gordon, Joanne Gordon, Cat Guest, Tina Harding, Michal Hozak, Matthew Lacey, David MacLean, Louise Messinger, Stewart Moffat, Martin Radley, Claire Shenton, Sarah Tipper, Jon Tyler, Lesley Weaving, James Wheeler, Elissa Williams, Tim Williams, Hamish Woodhouse, Angela Chamberlain, Jo Chambers, Joanne Davies, Denise Donaldson, Pati Faria-Shayler, Denise Fleming-Brown, Jennifer Ingell, Carol Knott, Anna Liew, Helen Lochhead, Juliette Meek, Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller, Andrea Wilson, Patrick Zettergren, Rach AitSadi, Ian Barton, Alex Baxter, Yonghong Bu, Lukasz Danel, Sonja Grotjahn, Rijo Kurien, Michael Lay, Archie Maskill, Aleksandra Murawska, Rachel Raff, Allen Young, Rebecca Sardell, Vladimir Cejka, Marcela Fajardo-Moser, Christian Hartner, Doris Poehler, Janina Renner, Franziska Scheidemantel, Miya Bryant, Anita Hepditch, Cassandra Johnson, Erin Latore, Yolanda Miller, Lauren Price, Merilee Whalen, Ashleigh Wheeler, Jenny Ingell, Yu An, Yinghua Chen, Peiling Chen, Hao Dai, Hong Du, Fang Feng, Qing Guo, Libo Hou, Wuhanbilige Hundei, Binbin Jin, Yan Li, Jiamin Liu, Xia Song, Yanping Wang, Yanwu Yu, Ning Zhang, Lingshan Zhao, Hui Zhong, Cheng Beng Goh, Ye Mun Low, Soon Yi Sor, Farah Hanis Zulkipli, Sarojini Sivanandam, Natsuki Arai, Ai Fukasawa, Mizue Furukawa, Keisuke Habuki, Shoko Hayashi, Wakako Isari, Saki Kanegae, Maria Kawai, Reiki Kobayashi, Takako Kuramae, Chika Kuribayashi, Sawako Maeno, Satoshi Masumoto, Tomoko Morisaki, Minoru Oda, Kazue Sawada, Kenta Sugamori, Ayana Tatsuzawa, Aiko Tomita, Kazuyuki Yuasa, Hiroko Inazawa, Amanda Axler, Kerri Gallo, Ester Baldini, Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti, Francesca Bianchini, Martina Ceseri, Laura Cipressa, Gianna Fabbri, Andrea Lorimer, Donata Lucci, Sharang Ghavampour, Anja Knoppe, Hans Schmidt-Gurtler, Hubert Dumann, Sybille Merscher, Margret Patecki, Georg Rainer Schlieper, Anke Torp, Bianca Weber, Maja Zietz, Bernd Hohenstein, Urs Benck, Diliana Draganova, Thomas Weinreich, Lothar Wolf, Jasmine Gaidu, Hanna Reiner, Mandy Visnjic, Daniel Steffl, Marie Breitenfeldt, Annette Kraemer-Guth, Christine Braun, Simone Hagge, Michael Schomig, Stephan Matthias, Dominik Stoffler, Beate Schumacher, Thomas Sitter, Louise Fuessl, Julia Krappe, Jerome Loutan, Volker Vielhauer, Luciano Andriaccio, Magdalena Maurer, Bernhard Winkelmann, Martin Dursch, Linda Seifert, Linda Tenbusch, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Simone Boedecker, Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling, Daniel Kraus, Carina Krieger, Margit Schmude, Anne Schreiber, Ewelina Eckrich, Diethelm Tschope, Abdulwahab Arbi, Young Lee-Barkey, Bernd Stratmann, Natalie Prib, Sina Rolfsmeier, Irina Schneider, Lars Rump, Johannes Stegbauer, Christine Pötz, Mara Schemmelmann, Claudia Schmidt, Michael Koch, Sendogan Aker, Annika Küpper, Manuela Martin, Thiemo Pfab, Christian Albert, Michael Haase, Barbara Zander, Claudia Schneider-Danwitz, Wolfgang Seeger, Wolf-Adam Seeger, Britta Zemann, Christoph Stellbrink, Kristin Marx, Ekaterina Stellbrink, Britta Brettschneider, Stephanie Watson, Marion Iselt, Gerhard Klausmann, Inga-Nadine Kummer, Auguste Kutschat, Simone Streitenberger, Matthias Girndt, Silke Markau, Ina Girakossyan, Claudia Hanf, Joachim Beige, Ralph Wendt, Ulrike Schmidt, Andreas Schneider, Roland Veelken, Claudia Donhauser, Luis Becker, Nexhat Miftari, Ricarda Wolfling, Sarah Morlok, Christian Hugo, Alexander Paliege, Jens Passauer, Julian Stumpf, Annegret Fleischer, Kerstin Haaser, Bernhard Kraemer, Jan Jochims, Bernd Kruger, Claudia Foellinger, Anastassiya Reisler, Frank Strutz, Stefan Haack, Ursula Hohenstatt, Martin Busch, Konstantin Herfurth, Gunter Wolf, Rainer Paul, Hermann Haller, Jessica Kaufeld, Jan Menne, Elisabeth Bahlmann-Kroll, Angela Bergner, Horst Weihprecht, Aydin Er, Florian Sonntag, Elif Turan, Michael Wittmann, Franziska Klauser, Eva Voigt, Volker Schettler, Egbert Schulz, Madlen Rohnstock, Elke Schettler, Bernd Schroppel, Rene van Erp, Martin Kachele, Ulla Ludwig, Lena Schulte-Kemna, Waltraud Kmietschak, Elke Preiss, Martina Ruocco, Gunnar Heine, Martin Brzoska, Sebastian Gabel, Christina Büttner, Asma Sabarai, Bernhard Banas, Tobias Bergler, Yvonne Ehrl, Franz Putz, Antonia Schuster, Stefanie Kuhn, Torsten Schramm, Stefan Degenhardt, Gerhard Schmidt, Lea Weiland, Ulrike Giebeln-Hudnell, Jan Kielstein, Gabriele Eden, Brigitte Fuchs, Gina Morig, Manuela Winkler, Harald Darius, Charalampos Kriatselis, Carl-Philipp Roesch, Astrid Maselli, Dominik Alscher, Markus Ketteler, Moritz Schanz, Severin Schricker, Bianka Rettenmaier, Andrea Schwab, Pablo Pergola, Irene Leal, Melissa Cagle, Anna Romo, Anthony Torres, Sucharit Joshi, Kulli Barrett, Alexis Africano, Vicki Dodds, Dorleena Gowen, Ashlee Morris, Juan Fernandez, Guillermo Jimenez, Ricardo Viera, Kendaling Bruce, Ryan Barrios, Maylin Garcia, Kerelyn Garcia, Iradis Leal, David Tietjen, David Bains, Carlo Castillo, Genielle Brewer, Justin Davis, Natalie Freking, Brittany Golson, Sally Ham, Jesslyn Roesch, Pusadee Suchinda, Shameem Beigh, Usah Lilavivat, Joyce Bilton, Kim Bocchicchia, Jeffrey Turner, Neera Dahl, Aldo Peixoto, Yasemin Kavak, Lauren Liberti, Hari Nair, Nicolas Page, Stephanie Rosenberg, Kathryn Simmons, Tamara Isakova, Rebecca Frazier, Rupal Mehta, Anand Srivastava, Patrick Fox, Jonathan Hecktman, Alexander Hodakowski, Carlos Martinez, Rachel Phillips, Alexis Stevenson, Reem Mustafa, Kyle Jansson, Cassandra Kimber, Jason Stubbs, Ahmad Tuffaha, Sri Yarlagadda, Debbie Griffin, Elisabeth Laundy, Zhuo Tang, Radica Alicic, Ann Cooper, Lisa Davis, Ashwini Gore, Rebecca Goldfaden, Leslie Harvill, Lisa Hichkad, Barry Johns, Thomas Jones, Kayla Merritt, Jennifer Sheldon, Jennifer Stanfield, Lindsay Alexander, Kaitlyn Preston, Lindsey Wood, Rajesh Pradhan, Roger DeRaad, Kelli McIntosh, Louis Raymond, Michael Shepperd, Susan McLaughlin, Mary Seifert, Andrew Shepherd, Joseph Aiello, William Durham, Laurie Loudermilk, John Manley, Sabrina Burnette, Stephanie Evans, Tara Johnson, Lance Sloan, Judy Ann Acosta, Stacy Gillham, Katia Sloan, SueAnn Squyres, Michael Rocco, Amret Hawfield, Ben Bagwell, Lauren Richmond, Joseph Soufer, Subha Clarke, Amanda Aliu, Kristine Calabrese, Amanda Davis, Veronica Poma, Tracy Spinola, James Magee, Ricardo Silva, Rushab Choksi, Lorraine Dajani, John Evans, Anil George, Prasanth Krish, Gerard Martins, Mae Sheikh-Ali, David Sutton, Freda Driver, Abraham Hanburry, Laura Hume, Amber Hurst, Matthew Taddeo, Marla Turner, Veronica Yousif, Srinivasan Beddhu, Laith Al-Rabadi, Nikita Abraham, Amalia Caamano, Judy Carle, Victoria Gonce, Kaitlyn Staylor, Na Zhou, Shweta Bansal, Manoj Bhattarai, Kumar Sharma, Subrata Debnath, Aliseiya Garza, Chakradhar Velagapudi, Sergio Rovner, Javier Almeida, Pablo Casares, Verlaine Stewart-Ray, Rene Almaraz, Renata Dayrell, Ana Moncada, Ricardo Pulido, Roxana Rodriquez, Wasim Deeb, Kathryn DeGoursey, Rodel Gloria, Trevor Greene, Robert Miller, Edward Pereira, Miguel Roura, Debbie Domingo, Sasha Dorestin, William Hodge, Cathy Jackson, Deborah Lund, Katrina Taylor, Kenneth Boren, Brittany Cleveland, Sandra Gaiser, Mandeep Sahani, Logan Aldrich, Exodus Edmerson, Edmond Limon, Cole Valletta, Patricia Vasquez, Christopher Provenzano, Navkiranjot Brar, Heather Henderson, Bellovich Keith, Qur Khai, Quresh Khairullah, Gail Makos, Joel Topf, Sherry Gasko, Rosemarie Henschel, Kaitlin Knapp, Teresa Kozlowski, Paula LaFleur, Ashwathy Varughese, Hui Xue, Patricia Wu, Olga Arechiga, Shan Darbeau, Michael Fechter, Stephanie Martinez, Lenita Hanson, Nyla Cooper, Arelis Madera, Jay Cadorna, Rita Sheridan, Helen Sparks, Bradley Eilerman, Susanne Bodine, Wael Eid, Rebecca Flora, Amber Avery, Cashmere Hardy, Mihaela Biscoveanu, Steven Nagelberg, Tracey Cummins, Frederic Rahbari-Oskoui, Anju Oommen, Zohreh Forghani, Stacie Hitchcock, Darya Hosein, Diane Watkins, Minesh Patel, Anthony Lambert, Elizabeth Newman, Autumn Wood, Tammy Ross, Stephany Topping, Jeffrey Mulhern, Lorna Murphy, Ann Vasseur, Gregory Greenwood, Alexander Hadley, Denise Laurienti, Christopher Marshall, Nicholas McLean, Scott Satko, Brandy Caudill, Jacob Maris, Janice Rogers, Cindy Vanhoy, George Thomas, Georges Nakhoul, John O'Toole, Jonathan Taliercio, Leslie Cooperman, Marina Markovic, Barbara Tucky, Devasmita Dev, Alia Hasan, Hima Yalamanchili, Namita Jain, Lesley McNeil, Eric Wines, Jean Park, Adline Ghazi, Mia Hamm, Tejas Patel, Amy Mottl, Emily Chang, Vimal Derebail, Emmie Cole, Anne Froment, Sara Kelley, Jordan Osmond Foster, Vahid Mahabadi, Golriz Jafari, Anita Kamarzarian, Wendy Arriaga, Daisy Arteaga, Rosario Machicado, Genesis Naverrete, Prashant Kumar, Imran Nazeer, Karina Urquia, Tammi Glider, Vickie Jones, Savannah Rucker, Jennifer Wiley, Rahul Pandey, Jesus Arroyo, Harish Pariani, Mohammad Ahmad, Shahin Mozaffari, Erika Perez, Matthew Budoff, Sion Roy, Divya Birudaraju, Ahmed Ghanem, Sajad Hamal, Stephen Aronoff, Elisa Joye Petr, Richard Sachson, Jaime Wiebel, Sana Akram, Laurie Jones, Curtis Knight, Maurie Tarlac, Shahbaz Ahmed, Harold Szerlip, Akinwande Akinfolarin, Ankit Mehta, Shana Camp, Cindy Castro, Zanaida Cooper, Jessica Terry, Ahmed Awad, Bhavya Kothapalli, Ryan Lustig, Serine Alfaress, Hyder Jasim, Mary Parrigon, Dennis Karounos, Sadiq Ahmed, Maggie Berry, Ruth Oremus, Carlos Hernandez-Cassis, Elias Ugwu, Nazia Junejo, Nancy Suazo, Mark Segal, Amir Kazory, Sherry Brown, Tristan Daniels, Sofia Dayi, Renee Hogan, Kathy McCray, Jennifer Stickley, Mahboob Rahman, Mirela Dobre, Lavinia Negrea, Aparna Padiyar, Nishigandha Pradhan, Arash Rashidi, Nagaraju Sarabu, Vicki Donley, Tricia Young, Godson Oguchi, Judepatricks Onyema, Kahla Damianik, Jack Dienes, Judith Plummer-Morgan, Marilyn Roman, Mauver Skipper, Stacey-Ann Villaruel, Krystle Williams, Danny Sugimoto, Jeffrey Dugas, Ismeal Ahmed, Jamie Bhairoo, Dolores Rijos, Huzaifa Salim, Madita Gavrila, Kathryn Lafferty, Ria Rabara, Sally Ruse, Maria Weetman, James Bushnell, Albert Power, Alison Jenkins, Stefanie Jones, Amanda Scott, Cath Byrne, Mark Jesky, Alison Cowley, Emma McHaffie, Holly Waterfall, Jo Taylor, Laura Bough, Thomas Phillips, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Sui Phin Kon, Iain MacDougall, Eirini Lioudaki, Sapna Shah, Claire Sharpe, Francisco Aguilar, Abegail Hernandez Pena, Conception Pugay, Amelia Te, Hugh Finn, Wasim Hanif, Samiul Mostafa, Alice Aitken, Katharine Draxlbauer, Evelina Grobovaite, Jennifer Kearney, Theresa McCarthy, Giorgio Gentile, Duncan Browne, Palanichamy Chellamuthu, Tabinda Dugal, Terri Chant, Laura Jones, Emily Laity, Megan Miners, James Muir, Elizabeth Swanson, Andrew Frankel, James Tomlinson, Marlon Alegata, Rashid Almasarwah, Anthoula Apostolidi, Maria Vourvou, Thomas Walters, Maarten Taal, Hari Dukka, Nitin Kolhe, Carly McDonald, Kelly White, Shiva Ugni, Smita Gunda, Rotimi Oluyombo, Vicki Brindle, Ping Coutts, Tracy Fuller, Evelyn Nadar, Suresh Ramadoss, Nichola Motherwell, Susannah Pajak, Louise Tonks, Sunil Bhandari, Richard Bodington, Adil Hazara, Dominic Fellowes, Christopher Wong, Christopher Goldsmith, Sherald Barnes, Ann Bennett, Claire Burston, Samantha Hope, Nicola Hunt, Lini Kurian, Richard Fish, Daniela Farrugia, Judy Lee, Emma Sadler, Hannah Turner, Christopher Hill, Henry Brown, Agnes Masengu, Peter Maxwell, Nina Bleakley, Hugh Murtagh, William Petchey, Vivian Yiu, Joanne Kellett, Angharad Williams, Helen Clarke, Victoria Carnall, Sarah Benyon, Caroline Blake, Stephanie Estcourt, Jane Piper, Neal Morgan, Carolyn Hutchinson, Teresa 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Irina, Rump, Lar, Stegbauer, Johanne, Pötz, Christine, Schemmelmann, Mara, Schmidt, Claudia, Koch, Michael, Aker, Sendogan, Küpper, Annika, Martin, Manuela, Pfab, Thiemo, Albert, Christian, Haase, Michael, Zander, Barbara, Schneider-Danwitz, Claudia, Seeger, Wolfgang, Seeger, Wolf-Adam, Zemann, Britta, Stellbrink, Christoph, Marx, Kristin, Stellbrink, Ekaterina, Brettschneider, Britta, Watson, Stephanie, Iselt, Marion, Klausmann, Gerhard, Kummer, Inga-Nadine, Kutschat, Auguste, Streitenberger, Simone, Girndt, Matthia, Markau, Silke, Girakossyan, Ina, Hanf, Claudia, Beige, Joachim, Wendt, Ralph, Schmidt, Ulrike, Schneider, Andrea, Veelken, Roland, Donhauser, Claudia, Becker, Lui, Miftari, Nexhat, Wolfling, Ricarda, Morlok, Sarah, Hugo, Christian, Paliege, Alexander, Passauer, Jen, Stumpf, Julian, Fleischer, Annegret, Haaser, Kerstin, Kraemer, Bernhard, Jochims, Jan, Kruger, Bernd, Foellinger, Claudia, Reisler, Anastassiya, Strutz, Frank, Haack, Stefan, Hohenstatt, Ursula, Busch, Martin, Herfurth, Konstantin, Wolf, Gunter, Paul, Rainer, Haller, Hermann, Kaufeld, Jessica, Menne, Jan, Bahlmann-Kroll, Elisabeth, Bergner, Angela, Weihprecht, Horst, Er, Aydin, Sonntag, Florian, Turan, Elif, Wittmann, Michael, Klauser, Franziska, Voigt, Eva, Schettler, Volker, Schulz, Egbert, Rohnstock, Madlen, Schettler, Elke, Schroppel, Bernd, van Erp, Rene, Kachele, Martin, Ludwig, Ulla, Schulte-Kemna, Lena, Kmietschak, Waltraud, Preiss, Elke, Ruocco, Martina, Heine, Gunnar, Brzoska, Martin, Gabel, Sebastian, Büttner, Christina, Sabarai, Asma, Banas, Bernhard, Bergler, Tobia, Ehrl, Yvonne, Putz, Franz, Schuster, Antonia, Kuhn, Stefanie, Schramm, Torsten, Degenhardt, Stefan, Schmidt, Gerhard, Weiland, Lea, Giebeln-Hudnell, Ulrike, Kielstein, Jan, Eden, Gabriele, Fuchs, Brigitte, Morig, Gina, Winkler, Manuela, Darius, Harald, Kriatselis, Charalampo, Roesch, Carl-Philipp, Maselli, Astrid, Alscher, Dominik, Ketteler, Marku, Schanz, Moritz, Schricker, Severin, Rettenmaier, Bianka, Schwab, Andrea, Pergola, Pablo, Leal, Irene, Cagle, Melissa, Romo, Anna, Torres, Anthony, Joshi, Sucharit, Barrett, Kulli, Africano, Alexi, Dodds, Vicki, Gowen, Dorleena, Morris, Ashlee, Fernandez, Juan, Jimenez, Guillermo, Viera, Ricardo, Bruce, Kendaling, Barrios, Ryan, Garcia, Maylin, Garcia, Kerelyn, Leal, Iradi, Tietjen, David, Bains, David, Castillo, Carlo, Brewer, Genielle, Davis, Justin, Freking, Natalie, Golson, Brittany, Ham, Sally, Roesch, Jesslyn, Suchinda, Pusadee, Beigh, Shameem, Lilavivat, Usah, Bilton, Joyce, Bocchicchia, Kim, Turner, Jeffrey, Dahl, Neera, Peixoto, Aldo, Kavak, Yasemin, Liberti, Lauren, Nair, Hari, Page, Nicola, Rosenberg, Stephanie, Simmons, Kathryn, Isakova, Tamara, Frazier, Rebecca, Mehta, Rupal, Srivastava, Anand, Fox, Patrick, Hecktman, Jonathan, Hodakowski, Alexander, Martinez, Carlo, Phillips, Rachel, Stevenson, Alexi, Mustafa, Reem, Jansson, Kyle, Kimber, Cassandra, Stubbs, Jason, Tuffaha, Ahmad, Yarlagadda, Sri, Griffin, Debbie, Laundy, Elisabeth, Tang, Zhuo, Alicic, Radica, Cooper, Ann, Davis, Lisa, Gore, Ashwini, Goldfaden, Rebecca, Harvill, Leslie, Hichkad, Lisa, Johns, Barry, Jones, Thoma, Merritt, Kayla, Sheldon, Jennifer, Stanfield, Jennifer, Alexander, Lindsay, Preston, Kaitlyn, Wood, Lindsey, Pradhan, Rajesh, Deraad, Roger, Mcintosh, Kelli, Raymond, Loui, Shepperd, Michael, Mclaughlin, Susan, Seifert, Mary, Shepherd, Andrew, Aiello, Joseph, Durham, William, Loudermilk, Laurie, Manley, John, Burnette, Sabrina, Evans, Stephanie, Johnson, Tara, Sloan, Lance, Ann Acosta, Judy, Gillham, Stacy, Sloan, Katia, Squyres, Sueann, Rocco, Michael, Hawfield, Amret, Bagwell, Ben, Richmond, Lauren, Soufer, Joseph, Clarke, Subha, Aliu, Amanda, Calabrese, Kristine, Davis, Amanda, Poma, Veronica, Spinola, Tracy, Magee, Jame, Silva, Ricardo, Choksi, Rushab, Dajani, Lorraine, Evans, John, George, Anil, Krish, Prasanth, Martins, Gerard, Sheikh-Ali, Mae, Sutton, David, Driver, Freda, Hanburry, Abraham, Hume, Laura, Hurst, Amber, Taddeo, Matthew, Turner, Marla, Yousif, Veronica, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Al-Rabadi, Laith, Abraham, Nikita, Caamano, Amalia, Carle, Judy, Gonce, Victoria, Staylor, Kaitlyn, Zhou, Na, Bansal, Shweta, Bhattarai, Manoj, Sharma, Kumar, Debnath, Subrata, Garza, Aliseiya, Velagapudi, Chakradhar, Rovner, Sergio, Almeida, Javier, Casares, Pablo, Stewart-Ray, Verlaine, Almaraz, Rene, Dayrell, Renata, Moncada, Ana, Pulido, Ricardo, Rodriquez, Roxana, Deeb, Wasim, Degoursey, Kathryn, Gloria, Rodel, Greene, Trevor, Miller, Robert, Pereira, Edward, Roura, Miguel, Domingo, Debbie, Dorestin, Sasha, Hodge, William, Jackson, Cathy, Lund, Deborah, Taylor, Katrina, Boren, Kenneth, Cleveland, Brittany, Gaiser, Sandra, Sahani, Mandeep, Aldrich, Logan, Edmerson, Exodu, Limon, Edmond, Valletta, Cole, Vasquez, Patricia, Provenzano, Christopher, Brar, Navkiranjot, Henderson, Heather, Keith, Bellovich, Khai, Qur, Khairullah, Quresh, Makos, Gail, Topf, Joel, Gasko, Sherry, Henschel, Rosemarie, Knapp, Kaitlin, Kozlowski, Teresa, Lafleur, Paula, Varughese, Ashwathy, Xue, Hui, Wu, Patricia, Arechiga, Olga, Darbeau, Shan, Fechter, Michael, Martinez, Stephanie, Hanson, Lenita, Cooper, Nyla, Madera, Areli, Cadorna, Jay, Sheridan, Rita, Sparks, Helen, Eilerman, Bradley, Bodine, Susanne, Eid, Wael, Flora, Rebecca, Avery, Amber, Hardy, Cashmere, Biscoveanu, Mihaela, Nagelberg, Steven, Cummins, Tracey, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, Oommen, Anju, Forghani, Zohreh, Hitchcock, Stacie, Hosein, Darya, Watkins, Diane, Patel, Minesh, Lambert, Anthony, Newman, Elizabeth, Wood, Autumn, Ross, Tammy, Topping, Stephany, Mulhern, Jeffrey, Murphy, Lorna, Vasseur, Ann, Greenwood, Gregory, Hadley, Alexander, Laurienti, Denise, Marshall, Christopher, Mclean, Nichola, Satko, Scott, Caudill, Brandy, Maris, Jacob, Rogers, Janice, Vanhoy, Cindy, Thomas, George, Nakhoul, George, O'Toole, John, Taliercio, Jonathan, Cooperman, Leslie, Markovic, Marina, Tucky, Barbara, Dev, Devasmita, Hasan, Alia, Yalamanchili, Hima, Jain, Namita, Mcneil, Lesley, Wines, Eric, Park, Jean, Ghazi, Adline, Hamm, Mia, Patel, Teja, Mottl, Amy, Chang, Emily, Derebail, Vimal, Cole, Emmie, Froment, Anne, Kelley, Sara, Osmond Foster, Jordan, Mahabadi, Vahid, Jafari, Golriz, Kamarzarian, Anita, Arriaga, Wendy, Arteaga, Daisy, Machicado, Rosario, Naverrete, Genesi, Kumar, Prashant, Nazeer, Imran, Urquia, Karina, Glider, Tammi, Jones, Vickie, Rucker, Savannah, Wiley, Jennifer, Pandey, Rahul, Arroyo, Jesu, Pariani, Harish, Ahmad, Mohammad, Mozaffari, Shahin, Perez, Erika, Budoff, Matthew, Roy, Sion, Birudaraju, Divya, Ghanem, Ahmed, Hamal, Sajad, Aronoff, Stephen, Joye Petr, Elisa, Sachson, Richard, Wiebel, Jaime, Akram, Sana, Jones, Laurie, Knight, Curti, Tarlac, Maurie, Ahmed, Shahbaz, Szerlip, Harold, Akinfolarin, Akinwande, Mehta, Ankit, Camp, Shana, Castro, Cindy, Cooper, Zanaida, Terry, Jessica, Awad, Ahmed, Kothapalli, Bhavya, Lustig, Ryan, Alfaress, Serine, Jasim, Hyder, Parrigon, Mary, Karounos, Denni, Ahmed, Sadiq, Berry, Maggie, Oremus, Ruth, Hernandez-Cassis, Carlo, Ugwu, Elia, Junejo, Nazia, Suazo, Nancy, Segal, Mark, Kazory, Amir, Brown, Sherry, Daniels, Tristan, Dayi, Sofia, Hogan, Renee, Mccray, Kathy, Stickley, Jennifer, Rahman, Mahboob, Dobre, Mirela, Negrea, Lavinia, Padiyar, Aparna, Pradhan, Nishigandha, Rashidi, Arash, Sarabu, Nagaraju, Donley, Vicki, Young, Tricia, Oguchi, Godson, Onyema, Judepatrick, Damianik, Kahla, Dienes, Jack, Plummer-Morgan, Judith, Roman, Marilyn, Skipper, Mauver, Villaruel, Stacey-Ann, Williams, Krystle, Sugimoto, Danny, Dugas, Jeffrey, Ahmed, Ismeal, Bhairoo, Jamie, Rijos, Dolore, Salim, Huzaifa, Gavrila, Madita, Lafferty, Kathryn, Rabara, Ria, Ruse, Sally, Weetman, Maria, Bushnell, Jame, Power, Albert, Jenkins, Alison, Jones, Stefanie, Scott, Amanda, Byrne, Cath, Jesky, Mark, Cowley, Alison, Mchaffie, Emma, Waterfall, Holly, Taylor, Jo, Bough, Laura, Phillips, Thoma, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Phin Kon, Sui, Macdougall, Iain, Lioudaki, Eirini, Shah, Sapna, Sharpe, Claire, Aguilar, Francisco, Hernandez Pena, Abegail, Pugay, Conception, Te, Amelia, Finn, Hugh, Hanif, Wasim, Mostafa, Samiul, Aitken, Alice, Draxlbauer, Katharine, Grobovaite, Evelina, Kearney, Jennifer, Mccarthy, Theresa, Gentile, Giorgio, Browne, Duncan, Chellamuthu, Palanichamy, Dugal, Tabinda, Chant, Terri, Jones, Laura, Laity, Emily, Miners, Megan, Muir, Jame, Swanson, Elizabeth, Frankel, Andrew, Tomlinson, Jame, Alegata, Marlon, Almasarwah, Rashid, Apostolidi, Anthoula, Vourvou, Maria, Walters, Thoma, Taal, Maarten, Dukka, Hari, Kolhe, Nitin, Mcdonald, Carly, White, Kelly, Ugni, Shiva, Gunda, Smita, Oluyombo, Rotimi, Brindle, Vicki, Coutts, Ping, Fuller, Tracy, Nadar, Evelyn, Ramadoss, Suresh, Motherwell, Nichola, Pajak, Susannah, Tonks, Louise, Bhandari, Sunil, Bodington, Richard, Hazara, Adil, Fellowes, Dominic, Wong, Christopher, Goldsmith, Christopher, Barnes, Sherald, Bennett, Ann, Burston, Claire, Hope, Samantha, Hunt, Nicola, Kurian, Lini, Fish, Richard, Farrugia, Daniela, Lee, Judy, Sadler, Emma, Turner, Hannah, Hill, Christopher, Brown, Henry, Masengu, Agne, Maxwell, Peter, Bleakley, Nina, Murtagh, Hugh, Petchey, William, Yiu, Vivian, Kellett, Joanne, Williams, Angharad, Clarke, Helen, Carnall, Victoria, Benyon, Sarah, Blake, Caroline, Estcourt, Stephanie, Piper, Jane, Morgan, Neal, Hutchinson, Carolyn, Mckinley, Teresa, Woodman, Alastair, Graham, Judi, Leonard, Niall, Smyth, John, Adell, Vicki, Hagan, Samantha, Caplin, Ben, Oomatia, Amin, Damian, Eleanor, Sobande, Toluleyi, Doulton, Tim, Delaney, Michael, Montasser, Mahmoud, Hansen, Jenny, Loader, David, Moon, Angela, Morris, France, Sinha, Smeeta, Chukwu, Chukwuma, Hudson, Amy, Campbell, Diane, Kershaw, Melanie, Whittaker, Stephanie, Irtiza-Ali, Ayesha, Ghalli, Farid, Nosseir, Heba, Leslie, Allison, Trivedi, Kate, Fraser, Donald, Alhadj Ali, Mohammad, Griffin, Sian, Latif, Farah, Witczak, Justyna, Wonnacott, Alexa, Jeffers, Lynda, Webley, Yvette, Phelan, Paul, Miller-Hodges, Eve, Geddes, Ailsa, Glenwright, Margaret, Hunter, Amy, Pickett, Thoma, Moriarty, Jim, Hill, Linda, Tyler, Amanda, Ayub, Waqar, Evans, Gail, Hewins, Sue, Hewitt, Davina, Read, Kerry, Bell, Samira, Cosgrove, Leanne, Craik, Rachel, Murray, Shona, Bhandary, Nitin, Coles, Holly, Easow, Rashmi, Joseph, Maya, Khwaja, Arif, Jackson, Yvonne, Mbuyisa, Angeline, Sellars, Rachel, Chitalia, Nihil, Mohandas, Cynthia, Gherman, Anca, Kamundi, Charlotte, Olufuwa, Olumide, Mccafferty, Kieran, Adeleke, Adedolapo, Healy, Cara, Jeyarajah, Damini, Kinsella-Perks, Edward, Smith, Richard, Camilleri, Brian, Buckman, Carol, Finch, Jenny, Rivers, Vanessa, Connor, Andrew, Carr, Sheila, Shainberg, Lisa, Lewington, Andrew, Baker, Richard, Dorey, Suzannah, Tobin, Kay, Wheatley, Rosalyn, Banerjee, Debasish, Hull, Richard, Abat, Sharirose, Paul, Riny, Karim, Mahzuz, Htet, Zay, Tufail, Saad, Varma, Ravi, Convery, Karen, Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre, Hudig, Lisa, Tropman, Emily, Abdul-Samad, Thahir, Grace, Anne, Phipps, Marie, Suckling, Rebecca, Somalanka, Subash, Sood, Bhrigu, Swift, Pauline, Acheampong, Sarah, Ansu, Kwame, Augustin, Martia, Sampson, Anna, Vinall, Lynn, Wren, Kim, Wanninayake, Shamila, Wooding, Nichola, Edwards, Heather, Owen, Lydia, Bolton, Stephanie, Carson, Marion, Matthews, Michael, Brunskill, Nigel, Jesus-Silva, Jorge, Howson, Alex, Quashie-Akponeware, Mary, Tindall, Hilary, Nethaji, Chidambaram, Eldon, Helen, Patel, Rajan, Mark, Patrick, Rankin, Alastair, Sullivan, Michael, Forsyth, Kirsty, Mcdougall, Rowan, Dasgupta, Tanaji, Davies, Louisa, Ryder, Maggie, Grimmer, Philip, Macdonald, Clare, Webster, Mary, Newcastle, Newcastle, Ellam, Timothy, Wong, Edwin, Meshykhi, Christine, Webster, Andrea, Wilson, Peter, Vilar, Enric, Berdeprado, Jocelyn, Doctolero, Eunice, Wilkinson, Lily, Mccarroll, Frank, Ammar, Hesham, Kuan, Ying, Moran, Conor, Shivashankar, Girish, Campbell, Ryan, Glowski, Deborah, Mcdermott, Paula, Ali, Amar, Patel, Zuber, Bond, Christine, Whalley, Gillian, Zhang, Haitao, Yang, Liu, Zhang, Lihua, Kan, Tingting, Zhu, Ling, Zhao, Jinghong, Hou, Weiping, Wu, Jing, Cheng, Hong, Bian, Weijing, Zhao, Zhirui, Shao, Fengmin, Cao, Huixia, Jiao, Xiaojing, Niu, Peiyuan, Niu, Jianying, Chen, Yu, Zhang, Lihong, Zhu, Shenglang, Lin, Haiyan, Yao, Shaopeng, Chen, Jiehui, Jiang, Ying, Hu, Ying, Xiao, Huaying, Yang, Fuye, Zhang, Xinzhou, Guo, Baochun, Jin, Qiu, Liu, Lixia, Xiao, Xiangcheng, Xie, Yanyun, Meng, Ting, Xu, Chuanwen, Huang, Jie, Xu, Yanmei, Kong, Weixin, Wang, Xiaoliang, Liu, Qianpan, Wang, Xueying, Gao, Ming, Hu, Xiumei, Lu, Ying, Wang, Li, Peng, Kun, Wang, Wei, Gong, Qiuhong, Cai, Jianfang, Li, Xiaojue, Liu, Xuejiao, Zhou, Shuhan, Liu, Hong, Weng, Yao, Tang, Shuai, Yao, Yao, Zhao, Shi, Cheng, Chen, Wei, Wei, Li, Na, Aqashiah Mazlan, Sadanah, Zubaidah Bahtar, Alia, Katiman, Elliyyin, Othman, Noraini, Mushahar, Lily, Mazlan, Nurdiana, Sharafina Safiee, Nur, Ramasamy, Sarasa, Seng Wong, Hin, Ahmad Rosdi, Hajar, Zhao Zhi Tan, Esther, Fan Tay, Ju, Seng Teng, Kok, Yahaya, Hasnah, Jiun Liu, Wen, Wee Ee, Lik, Kay Leong Khoo, Kenneth, Mohd Yusoff, Yuana, Safhan Mohamad Nor, Fariz, Kamil Ahmad, Mohd, Ramli Seman, Mohd, Hui Hong Tan, Clare, Lui Sian Ngu, Laura, Yoke May Chan, Jaime, Peji, Javelin, Loong Loh, Chek, Yan Lee, Yee, Ramanaidu, Sridhar, Mean Thong, Kah, Hong Wong, Yik, Junus, Suria, Hua Ching, Chen, Faisal Asmee, Mohammad, Ruziana Ku Md Razi, Ku, Leong Low, Chun, Sze Bing Sim, Christopher, Duan Tham, Zhang, Kamila Abdullah, Noor, Meng Chen, Tai, Chieh Chan, Yong, Chang, Eason, Yean Kang, Huan, Quan Lee, Kai, Ann Lee, Sue, Kheng Lee, Aik, Vinathan, Jeevika, Abdul Cader, Rizna, Mustafar, Ruslinda, Kamaruzaman, Lydia, Mohd, Rozita, Ismail, Rahimah, Men Leong, Chong, Koon Low, Chee, Wei Wong, Liang, Adnan, Norlezah, Ibrahim, Sabariah, Zaimi Abdul Wahab, Mohamad, Bavanandan, Sunita, Shen Lim, Yik, Hazlina Wan Mohamad, Wan, Munirah Jaafar, Siti, Ashykeen Mohd Fauzi, Nur, Sudin, Aziee, Kun Lim, Soo, Chung Gan, Chye, Hing, Albert, Ahmad Faizal Alaidin Razali, Wan, Fong Liew, Yew, Bao Tyng Chan, Chelsia, Chih Cheng, Mei, Chen Ong, Yu, Meng Ong, Loke, Amalina Mohamed Affandi, Farah, Rahmat, Korina, Chai Peng, Ban, Amat, Masayu, Hadafi Ahmad, Nuzaimin, Yee Mah, Doo, Loon Tye, Yi, Azhari, Zaid, Nabilah Mohamad Zaini, Siti, Aidil Musa, Mohd, Ahmad Miswan, Norazinizah, Ramli, Rafizanur, Aziah Ahmad, Nor, Leong Goh, Bak, Izah Ahmad, Nurul, Huda Ibrahim, Fairol, Jian Ng, Tze, Shanmuganathan, Malini, Lian Tay, Li, Harun, Zaiha, Ramli, Salmi, 'Ain Yusof, Nurul, Abd Rahman, Rossenizal, Iqbal Abdul Hafidz, Muhammad, Hidayati Mohd Sharif, Nur, Yasmoon Awang, Irda, Nakashima, Eitaro, Imamine, Rui, Minatoguchi, Makiko, Miura, Yukari, Nakaoka, Miduki, Suzuki, Yoshiki, Yoshikawa, Hitomi, Shin, Koki, Fujita, Kanae, Iwasa, Misuzu, Sasajima, Haruka, Sato, Airi, Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki, Fujita, Yuki, Haraguchi, Takuya, Hyo, Takanori, Izumi, Kiyohiro, Komiya, Toshiyuki, Kubota, Sodai, Kurose, Takeshi, Kuwata, Hitoshi, Nakatani, Susumu, Oishi, Kaori, Okamoto, Saki, Okamura, Kaori, Takeoka, Jun, Tanaka, Nagaaki, Tanigaki, Katsuya, Toda, Naohiro, Watanabe, Koin, Komori, Hiromi, Kumuji, Rika, Takesada, Asako, Tanaka, Aya, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hasegawa, Tomonori, Ishiguro, Akiko, Ishimoto, Takuji, Ito, Kazuhiro, Kamimura, Yutaka, Kato, Noritoshi, Kato, Sawako, Kojima, Hiroshi, Kosugi, Tomoki, Maeda, Kayaho, Mizuno, Masasi, Saito, Shoji, Sato, Hitomi, Sato, Yuka, Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Tanaka, Akihito, Yasuda, Yoshinari, Hasegawa, Fujiko, Hayashi, Maiko, Higashi, Shizuka, Shimamura, Kaho, Sumi, Momoko, Tajima, Kazuki, Unekawa, Chimaki, Wakayama, Kana, Wakita, Yukiko, Otani, Takatoshi, Imai, Ayako, Kawashima, Sayaka, Kogure, Eri, Sato, Tomoe, Takezawa, Misato, Yoshida, Shinya, Araki, Hideo, Katsuda, Yuko, Konishi, Masahiro, Matsunaga, Takahiro, Oe, Masashi, Ogane, Kunihiro, Sakai, Masato, Takahashi, Tomoko, Yamano, Takahiro, Yokoyama, Takuya, Ito, Hitomi, Katayama, Masayo, Kuroda, Emi, Ikeda, Toru, Kojo, Takuma, Yoshidome, Etsuo, Mizumachi, Rieko, Yamamoto, Akane, Yamasaki, Narihisa, Yamasaki, Yoshihiko, Wada, Jun, Eguchi, Jun, Higuchi, Chigusa, Katayama, Akihiro, Kinomura, Masaru, Kitagawa, Masashi, Kitamura, Shinji, Miyamoto, Satoshi, Morinaga, Hiroshi, Nakatsuka, Atsuko, Nojima, Ichiro, Shikata, Kenichi, Sugiyama, Hitoshi, Tanabe, Katsuyuki, Tsuji, Kenji, Uchida, Haruhito, Watanabe, Mayu, Hashimoto, Chie, Kato, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Sayaka, Wada, Takehiko, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Hamano, Naoto, Koizumi, Masahiro, Komaba, Hirotaka, Nakagawa, Yosuke, Iwamoto, Michiyo, Masutani, Kosuke, Katanosaka, Akane, Kiyota, Mayu, Uchi, Hikari, Ueda, Yuka, Yamamoto, Sonoka, Nagasu, Hajime, Itano, Seiji, Iwakura, Tsukasa, Kadoya, Hiroyuki, Kanda, Eiichiro, Kashihara, Naoki, Kidokoro, Kengo, Kondo, Megumi, Sasaki, Tamaki, Satoh, Minoru, Tokuyama, Atsuyuki, Umeno, Reina, Wada, Yoshihisa, Yamamoto, Toshiya, Yamanouchi, Yu, Abe, Masumi, Inukai, Yoko, Ogawa, Wataru, Asahara, Shunichiro, Fujii, Hideki, Goto, Shunsuke, Hirota, Yushi, Hosooka, Tetsuya, Kono, Keiji, Nishi, Shinichi, Okada, Yuko, Sakaguchi, Kazuhiko, Sugawara, Kenji, Takahashi, Michiko, Takai, Tomoko, Tamori, Yoshikazu, Watanabe, Kentaro, Kitajima, Miyu, Nishi, Misaki, Wada, Junko, Ito, Yasuhiko, Kamiya, Hideki, Asai, Akimasa, Asai, Nao, Asano, Saeko, Banno, Shogo, Ejima, Yohei, Hase, Hanako, Hayami, Tomohide, Himeno, Tatsuhito, Ishikawa, Takahiro, Ito, Mayumi, Iwagaitsu, Shiho, Kasagi, Rina, Kato, Yoshiro, Kato, Makoto, Kato, Koichi, Katsuno, Takayuki, Kawai, Miyuka, Kinashi, Hiroshi, Kondo, Masaki, Koshino, Masako, Matsuoka, Naoya, Morishita, Yoshiaki, Motegi, Mikio, Nakamura, Jiro, Shimoda, Hiromi, Sugiyama, Hirokazu, Tsunekawa, Shin, Yamaguchi, Makoto, Takahashi, Kazuyo, Watada, Hirotaka, Funayama, Takashi, Furukawa, Yasuhiko, Gohda, Tomohito, Goto, Hiromasa, Kaga, Hideyoshi, Kanaguchi, Yasuhiko, Kanazawa, Akio, Kaneko, Kayo, Kano, Toshiki, Kihara, Masao, Kimura, Shogo, Kobayashi, Takashi, Maiguma, Masayuki, Makita, Yuko, Mano, Satoshi, Mita, Tomoya, Miyatsuka, Takeshi, Murakoshi, Maki, Muto, Masahiro, Nakata, Masami, Nakata, Junichiro, Nishida, Yuya, Nohara, Nao, Ogihara, Takeshi, Sato, Daisuke, Sato, Junko, Sato, Hiroaki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Suzuki, Ruka, Suzuki, Hitoshi, Takagi, Miyuki, Tamura, Yoshifumi, Uchida, Toyoyoshi, Ueda, Seiji, Asawa, Miki, Miyaji, Minako, Nagashima, Eri, Shibata, Yoshie, Yanagisawa, Eri, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Hirakawa, Yosuke, Nishi, Hiroshi, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Horikawa, Satoko, Nakayama, Yukiko, Yamada, Naoko, Omori, Yuki, Yano, Shintaro, Ioka, Miyabi, Kuwabara, Nahoko, Nagano, Remi, Nozawa, Megumi, Osawa, Yumi, Maegawa, Hiroshi, Kume, Shinji, Araki, Shinichi, Miyazawa, Itsuko, Morino, Katsutaro, Kawai, Ikuko, Sobata, Masumi, Takaoka, Motoko, Iwaita, Yasushi, Udagawa, Takashi, Inamori, Ami, Kawase, Aya, Yamanaka, Aya, Shimano, Hitoshi, Fujita, Akiko, Iwasaki, Hitoshi, Kai, Hirayasu, Osaki, Yoshinori, Saito, Chie, Sekiya, Motohiro, Tsunoda, Ryoya, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Nakamura, Rikako, Yamada, Aiko, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Awazawa, Motoharu, Bouchi, Ryotaro, Hashimoto, Shota, Hashimoto, Makiko, Hisatake, Tomoko, Ihana, Noriko, Ishizuka, Koko, Izumi, Kazuo, Kajio, Hiroshi, Kobayashi, Michi, Kodani, Noriko, Maruyama, Koji, Matsumoto, Michihiro, Matsushita, Maya, Nakamura, Tomoka, Sugiyama, Takehiro, Tanabe, Akiyo, Terakawa, Aiko, Ueki, Kojiro, Orimo, Yuko, Ozawa, Takako, Takahira, Eriko, Yamasaki, Yoshimitsu, Haneda, Masakazu, Tomita, Tadahiro, Akimoto, Saori, Fujimoto, Akihiro, Ishihara, Kenji, Murakami, Chiho, Nishiyama, Akiyo, Toyonaga, Yukiko, Uozumi, Kana, Yamaji, Yukihiro, Shigehara, Tetsuya, Okajyo, Jun, Shimizu, Yukihiro, Iwasaki, Shingo, Fukao, Yuki, Furusho, Megumi, Nunokawa, Shintaro, Katagiri, Hideki, Izumi, Tomohito, Kaneko, Keizo, Kodama, Shinjiro, Miyazaki, Mariko, Munakata, Yuichiro, Nagasawa, Tasuku, Oe, Yuji, Sugawara, Hiroto, Takahashi, Kei, Hirata, Kazushige, Inomata, Keiko, Otomo, Shoko, Uchida, Taeko, Yamashita, Chigusa, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Tamura, Ryota, Dube, Francoi, Bolduc, Marilene, Talbot, Marie-Christine, Cham, Leslie, Lai, Vesta, Tse, Josephine, Jolly, Shivinder, Duck, Tabbatha, Lyle, Scott, Epp, Rachel, Galloway, Camille, Haskett, Susan, Matvienko, Elizabeta, Paulsen, Liam, Moist, Louise, Lozon, Zabrina, Ramsey, Tina, Whitmore, Brittany, Al-Zeer, Bader, Macleod, Paula, O'Sullivan, Aoife, Sheriff, Zainab, Tholl, Sam, Pandey, Amritanshu, Armstrong, Samantha, Gebeyehu, Bethelihem, Toth, Patrick, Goldenberg, Ronald, Jahangiriesmaili, Mahsa, Sanguila, Shariff, Suresh, Neethi, Talsania, Tanvi, Zalunardo, Nadia, Agharazii, Mohsen, Roussel, Marie-Pier, Saillant, Annie, Samson, France, Bajaj, Harpreet, Bhavsar, Miken, Dhall, Parul, Dhillon, Gagandeep, Grewal, Bhupinder, Nimbkar, Taniya, Madore, Francoi, Marcotte, Guylaine, Steen, Oren, Bullen, Mathura, Raguwaran, Shayani, Valleteau, Andre, Langlois, Marie-France, Brown, Christine, Steele, Andrew, Garrity, Melissa, Ghate, Taneera, Robinson, Holly, Tolibas, Michael, Tailor, Chetna, Elliott, Lauren, McClary-Wright, Christine, Boreky, Fadia, Fikry, Sameh, Ali, Ayesha, Barot, Chintankumar, Basily, Wagdy, Saram, Thisun, Varad, Vinay, Khandwala, Hasnain, Aguilera, Alex, Alvarez, Patricia, Gill, Balwinder, Huda, Nazihah, Navivala, Aamir, Pinto, Daniel, Bevilacqua, Micheli, Fung, Elaine, Hernandez, Geraldine, Mann, Puneet, Saini, Jaskiran, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Bovan, Danijela, Devaux, Marie, Barnini, Cecilia, Leoncini, Giovanna, Manco, Luca, Nobili, Giulia, Piemontese, Matteo, Aucella, Filippo, Grifa, Rachele, Totaro, Francesco, La Manna, Gaetano, Capelli, Irene, Cianciolo, Giuseppe, Lerario, Sarah, Zappulo, Fulvia, Rosati, Alberto, Fani, Filippo, Spatoliatore, Giuseppe, Gesualdo, Loreto, Pesce, Francesco, Russo, Maria, Zippo, Maria, Cafiero, Cesira, Motta, Daria, Bianco, Simona, Bilucaglia, Donatella, Messa, Piergiorgio, Pavone, Laura, Tripodi, Federica, Vettoretti, Simone, Fioretto, Paola, Carraro, Gianni, Farnia, Filippo, Postal, Anna, D'Amelio, Alessandro, Cardone, Antonio, Piccinni, Giovanni, Aloisi, Annalisa, Scolari, Francesco, Alberici, Federico, Guerini, Alice, Saccà, Chiara, Salviani, Chiara, Zani, Roberta, DE NICOLA, Luca, Garofalo, Carlo, Elena Liberti, Maria, Minutolo, Roberto, Pennino, Luigi, Polese, Lucio, Mené, Paolo, Barberi, Simona, Falcone, Clorinda, Russo, Francesco, Caroppo, Maurizio, Santorelli, Gennaro, Rivera, Rodolfo, Santoro, Domenico, Giuffrida, Alfio, Zirino, Fortunata, Calvi, Cristina, Estienne, Luca, Gambaro, Giovanni, Gangemi, Concetta, Ortalda, Vittorio, Pessolano, Giuseppina, Grandaliano, Giuseppe, Baccaro, Rocco, Ferraro, Pietro, Mangiacapra, Roberto, Melandri, Marco, Foligno, Nadia, Quartagno, Rita, Vezzoli, Giuseppe, Brioni, Elena, and Group, EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative
Subjects: chronic renal disease, empagliflozin, empa-kidney, General Medicine
Abstract: Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; PConclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and others; EMPA-KIDNEY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03594110. opens in new tab; EudraCT number, 2017-002971-24. opens in new tab.)
Published: 2023

13. Blood Pressure Intervention and Control in SPRINT

Author: William C, Cushman, Robert J, Ringer, Carlos J, Rodriguez, Gregory W, Evans, Jeffrey T, Bates, Jeffrey A, Cutler, Amret, Hawfield, Dalane W, Kitzman, Ilya M, Nasrallah, Suzanne, Oparil, John, Nord, Vasilios, Papademetriou, Karen, Servilla, Peter, Van Buren, Paul K, Whelton, Jeff, Whittle, and Jackson T, Wright
Subjects: Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Hypertension, Internal Medicine, Humans, Blood Pressure, Antihypertensive Agents
Abstract: Background: The SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) demonstrated reductions in major cardiovascular disease events and mortality with an intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal intervention. However, a detailed description of the blood pressure intervention, antihypertensive medication usage, blood pressure levels, and rates and predictors of blood pressure control has not been reported previously. Methods: Hypertensive participants (n=9361) 50 years and older with elevated cardiovascular disease risk were randomized 1:1 to SBP goal Results: Baseline blood pressure (median±interquartile range) was 138±19/78±16 mm Hg. For intensive group participants, percent at goal rose from 8.9% at baseline to 52.4% at 6 months and average antihypertensive medications rose from 2.2 to 2.7; SBP was Conclusions: These results may inform and help replicate the benefits of SPRINT in clinical practice. Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Published: 2022
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14. Effects of Intensive BP Control in CKD

Author: Cheung, Alfred K., Rahman, Mahboob, Reboussin, David M., Craven, Timothy E., Greene, Tom, Kimmel, Paul L., Cushman, William C., Hawfield, Amret T., Johnson, Karen C., Lewis, Cora E., Oparil, Suzanne, Rocco, Michael V., Sink, Kaycee M., Whelton, Paul K., Wright, Jackson T., Jr., Basile, Jan, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Bhatt, Udayan, Chang, Tara I., Chertow, Glenn M., Chonchol, Michel, Freedman, Barry I., Haley, William, Ix, Joachim H., Katz, Lois A., Killeen, Anthony A., Papademetriou, Vasilios, Ricardo, Ana C., Servilla, Karen, Wall, Barry, Wolfgram, Dawn, Yee, Jerry, Cheung, Alfred K., Rahman, Mahboob, Reboussin, David M., Craven, Timothy E., Greene, Tom, Kimmel, Paul L., Cushman, William C., Hawfield, Amret T., Johnson, Karen C., Lewis, Cora E., Oparil, Suzanne, Rocco, Michael V., Sink, Kaycee M., Whelton, Paul K., Wright, Jackson T., Jr., Basile, Jan, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Bhatt, Udayan, Chang, Tara I., Chertow, Glenn M., Chonchol, Michel, Freedman, Barry I., Haley, William, Ix, Joachim H., Katz, Lois A., Killeen, Anthony A., Papademetriou, Vasilios, Ricardo, Ana C., Servilla, Karen, Wall, Barry, Wolfgram, Dawn, and Yee, Jerry
Published: 2017
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15. Alternative Pathway Dysfunction in Kidney Disease: A Case Report and Review of Dense Deposit Disease and C3 Glomerulopathy

Author: Hawfield, Amret, Iskandar, Samy S., and Smith, Richard J.H.
Published: 2013
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16. Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Control on Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Persons Without Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial

Author: Beddhu, Srinivasan, Rocco, Michael V., Toto, Robert, Craven, Timothy E., Greene, Tom, Bhatt, Udayan, Cheung, Alfred K., Cohen, Debbie, Freedman, Barry I., Hawfield, Amret T., Killeen, Anthony A., Kimmel, Paul L., Lash, James, Papademetriou, Vasilios, Rahman, Mahboob, Rastogi, Anjay, Servilla, Karen, Townsend, Raymond R., Wall, Barry, and Whelton, Paul K.
Published: 2017

17. Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Control on All-Cause Hospitalizations

Author: Michael V. Rocco, Amret T. Hawfield, Miranda C. Marion, Carl D. Langefeld, Barry I. Freedman, and Mary E. Comeau
Subjects: Male, Blood pressure control, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Post-hoc analysis, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intervention trial, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, business.industry, Blood Pressure Determination, Middle Aged, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, Blood pressure, Hypertension, Cardiology, Female, business, All cause mortality
Abstract: Intensive blood pressure control decreases the rate of cardiovascular events by >25% compared with standard blood pressure control. We sought to determine whether the decrease in cardiovascular events seen with intensive blood pressure control is associated with an increased rate of other causes of hospitalization. This is a post hoc analysis of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) in 9361 adult participants with hypertension and elevated cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomly assigned to an intensive or standard systolic blood pressure goal (P =0.37). Equivalence testing shows that these hospitalization rates were statistically equivalent at the P =0.05 level. Of those with hospitalizations, >1 hospitalization was seen in 38.8% of intensive arm participants and 41.9% of standard arm participants ( P =0.08). The mean cumulative count of nonprimary event hospitalizations was comparable between the two arms. The most common causes of hospitalization were cardiovascular (23.6%) followed by injuries, including bone and joint therapeutic procedures (15.7%), infections (12.0%), and nervous systems disorders (10.7%). No categories of hospitalization were statistically more common in the intensive arm compared with the standard arm. Thus, the decrease in cardiovascular events seen with intensive blood pressure control is not associated with an increased rate of other causes of hospitalization. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Published: 2020
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18. Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Control in Patients with and without Albuminuria

Author: Holly Kramer, Udayan Bhatt, Daniel E. Weiner, Donald E. Morisky, Alex R. Chang, Edward Horwitz, Barry M. Wall, Barry I. Freedman, Michael V. Rocco, William E. Haley, Vasilios Papademetriou, Amret T. Hawfield, Athena Zias, Debbie L. Cohen, Srinivasan Beddhu, Christopher J. McLouth, Dan R. Berlowitz, Morgan E. Grams, Henry Punzi, Paul E. Drawz, Robert Boucher, and Guo Wei
Subjects: Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Post hoc, Epidemiology, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Confidence interval, Clinical trial, Blood pressure, Sprint, Nephrology, Internal medicine, medicine, Albuminuria, Cardiology, In patient, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background and objectives It is unclear whether the presence of albuminuria modifies the effects of intensive systolic BP control on risk of eGFR decline, cardiovascular events, or mortality. Design, setting, participants, & measurements The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial randomized nondiabetic adults ≥50 years of age at high cardiovascular risk to a systolic BP target of Results Over a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 69 of 1723 (4%) participants with baseline albuminuria developed ≥40% eGFR decline compared with 61 of 7162 (1%) participants without albuminuria. Incidence rates of ≥40% eGFR decline were higher in participants with albuminuria (intensive, 1.74 per 100 person-years; standard, 1.17 per 100 person-years) than in participants without albuminuria (intensive, 0.48 per 100 person-years; standard, 0.11 per 100 person-years). Although effects of intensive BP lowering on ≥40% eGFR decline varied by albuminuria on the relative scale (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 2.39 for albumin-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g; hazard ratio, 4.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.37 to 8.75 for albumin-creatinine ratio Conclusions Albuminuria did not modify the absolute benefits and risks of intensive systolic BP lowering.
Published: 2020
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19. Kidney Disease, Hypertension Treatment, and Cerebral Perfusion and Structure

Author: Kurella Tamura, Manjula, primary, Gaussoin, Sarah, additional, Pajewski, Nicholas M., additional, Zaharchuk, Greg, additional, Freedman, Barry I., additional, Rapp, Stephen R., additional, Auchus, Alexander P., additional, Haley, William E., additional, Oparil, Suzanne, additional, Kendrick, Jessica, additional, Roumie, Christianne L., additional, Beddhu, Srinivasan, additional, Cheung, Alfred K., additional, Williamson, Jeff D., additional, Detre, John A., additional, Dolui, Sudipto, additional, Bryan, R. Nick, additional, Nasrallah, Ilya M., additional, Whelton, Paul, additional, Johnson, Karen C., additional, Snyder, Joni, additional, Bild, Diane, additional, Bonds, Denise, additional, Cook, Nakela, additional, Cutler, Jeffrey, additional, Fine, Lawrence, additional, Kaufmann, Peter, additional, Kimmel, Paul, additional, Launer, Lenore, additional, Moy, Claudia, additional, Riley, William, additional, Ryan, Laurie, additional, Tolunay, Eser, additional, Yang, Song, additional, Reboussin, David, additional, Williamson, Jeff, additional, Ambrosius, Walter T., additional, Applegate, William, additional, Evans, Greg, additional, Foy, Capri, additional, Kitzman, Dalane, additional, Lyles, Mary, additional, Pajewski, Nick, additional, Rapp, Steve, additional, Rushing, Scott, additional, Shah, Neel, additional, Sink, Kaycee M., additional, Vitolins, Mara, additional, Wagenknecht, Lynne, additional, Wilson, Valerie, additional, Perdue, Letitia, additional, Woolard, Nancy, additional, Craven, Tim, additional, Garcia, Katelyn, additional, Lovato, Laura, additional, Newman, Jill, additional, Lovato, James, additional, Lu, Lingyi, additional, McLouth, Chris, additional, Russell, Greg, additional, Amoroso, Bobby, additional, Davis, Patty, additional, Griffin, Jason, additional, Harris, Darrin, additional, King, Mark, additional, Lane, Kathy, additional, Roberson, Wes, additional, Steinberg, Debbie, additional, Ashford, Donna, additional, Babcock, Phyllis, additional, Chamberlain, Dana, additional, Christensen, Vickie, additional, Cloud, Loretta, additional, Collins, Christy, additional, Cook, Delilah, additional, Currie, Katherine, additional, Felton, Debbie, additional, Harpe, Stacy, additional, Howard, Marjorie, additional, Lewis, Michelle, additional, Nance, Pamela, additional, Puccinelli-Ortega, Nicole, additional, Russell, Laurie, additional, Walker, Jennifer, additional, Craven, Brenda, additional, Goode, Candace, additional, Troxler, Margie, additional, Davis, Janet, additional, Hutchens, Sarah, additional, Killeen, Anthony A., additional, Lukkari, Anna M., additional, Ringer, Robert, additional, Dillard, Brandi, additional, Archibeque, Norbert, additional, Warren, Stuart, additional, Sather, Mike, additional, Pontzer, James, additional, Taylor, Zach, additional, Soliman, Elsayed Z., additional, Zhang, Zhu-Ming, additional, Li, Yabing, additional, Campbell, Chuck, additional, Hensley, Susan, additional, Hu, Julie, additional, Keasler, Lisa, additional, Barr, Mary, additional, Taylor, Tonya, additional, Davatzikos, Christos, additional, Nasarallah, Ilya, additional, Desiderio, Lisa, additional, Elliott, Mark, additional, Borthakur, Ari, additional, Battapady, Harsha, additional, Erus, Guray, additional, Smith, Alex, additional, Wang, Ze, additional, Doshi, Jimit, additional, Wright, Jackson T., additional, Rahman, Mahboob, additional, Lerner, Alan J., additional, Still, Carolyn, additional, Wiggers, Alan, additional, Zamanian, Sara, additional, Bee, Alberta, additional, Dancie, Renee, additional, Thomas, George, additional, Schreiber, Martin, additional, Navaneethan, Sankar Dass, additional, Hickner, John, additional, Lioudis, Michael, additional, Lard, Michelle, additional, Marczewski, Susan, additional, Maraschky, Jennifer, additional, Colman, Martha, additional, Aaby, Andrea, additional, Payne, Stacey, additional, Ramos, Melanie, additional, Horner, Carol, additional, Drawz, Paul, additional, Raghavendra, Pratibha P., additional, Ober, Scott, additional, Mourad, Ronda, additional, Pallaki, Muralidhar, additional, Russo, Peter, additional, Raghavendra, Pratibha, additional, Fantauzzo, Pual, additional, Tucker, Lisa, additional, Schwing, Bill, additional, Sedor, John R., additional, Horwitz, Edward J., additional, Schellling, Jeffrey R., additional, O’Toole, John F., additional, Humbert, Lisa, additional, Tutolo, Wendy, additional, White, Suzanne, additional, Gay, Alishea, additional, Clark, Walter, additional, Hughes, Robin, additional, Dobre, Mirela, additional, Still, Carolyn H., additional, Williams, Monique, additional, Bhatt, Udayan, additional, Hebert, Lee, additional, Agarwal, Anil, additional, Murphy, Melissa Brown, additional, Ford, Nicole, additional, Stratton, Cynthia, additional, Baxter, Jody, additional, Lykins, Alicia A., additional, McKinley Neal Leena Hirmath, Alison, additional, Kwame, Osei, additional, Soe, Kyaw, additional, Miser, William F., additional, Sagrilla, Colleen, additional, Johnston, Jan, additional, Anaya, Amber, additional, Mintos, Ashley, additional, Howell, Angel A., additional, Rogers, Kelly, additional, Taylor, Sara, additional, Ebersbacher, Donald, additional, Long, Lucy, additional, Bednarchik, Beth, additional, Schnall, Adrian, additional, Smith, Jonathan, additional, Peysha, Lori, additional, Leach, Lisa, additional, Tribout, Megan, additional, Harwell, Carla, additional, Ellington, Pinkie, additional, Banerji, Mary Ann, additional, Ghody, Pranav, additional, Rambaud, Melissa Vahídeh, additional, Townsend, Raymond, additional, Cohen, Debbie, additional, Huan, Yonghong, additional, Duckworth, Mark, additional, Ford, Virginia, additional, Leshner, Juliet, additional, Davison, Ann, additional, Veen, Sarah Vander, additional, Gadegbeku, Crystal A., additional, Gillespie, Avi, additional, Paranjape, Anuradha, additional, Amoroso, Sandra, additional, Pfeffer, Zoe, additional, Quinn, Sally B., additional, He, Jiang, additional, Chen, Jing, additional, Lustigova, Eva, additional, Malone, Erin, additional, Krousel-Wood, Marie, additional, Deichmann, Richard, additional, Ronney, Patricia, additional, Muery, Susan, additional, Trapani, Donnalee, additional, Rocco, Michael, additional, Goff, David, additional, Rodriguez, Carlos, additional, Coker, Laura, additional, Hawfield, Amret, additional, Yeboah, Joseph, additional, Crago, Lenore, additional, Summerson, John, additional, Hege, Anita, additional, Diamond, Matt, additional, Mulloy, Laura, additional, Hodges, Marcela, additional, Collins, Michelle, additional, Weathers, Charlene, additional, Anderson, Heather, additional, Stone, Emily, additional, Walker, Walida, additional, McWilliams, Andrew, additional, Dulin, Michael, additional, Kuhn, Lindsay, additional, Standridge, Susan, additional, Lowe, Lindsay, additional, Everett, Kelly, additional, Preston, Kelry, additional, Norton, Susan, additional, Gaines, Silena, additional, Rizvi, Ali A., additional, Sides, Andrew W., additional, Herbert, Diamond, additional, Hix, Matthew M., additional, Whitmire, Melanie, additional, Arnold, Brittany, additional, Hutchinson, Philip, additional, Espiritu, Joseph, additional, Feinglos, Mark, additional, Kovalik, Eugene, additional, Gedon-Lipscomb, Georgianne, additional, Evans, Kathryn, additional, Thacker, Connie, additional, Zimmer, Ronna, additional, Furst, Mary, additional, Mason, MaryAnn, additional, Powell, James, additional, Bolin, Paul, additional, Zhang, Junhong, additional, Pinion, Mary, additional, Davis, Gail, additional, Bryant, Winifred, additional, Phelps, Presley, additional, Garris-Sutton, Connie, additional, Atkinson, Beatrice, additional, Contreras, Gabriele, additional, Suarez, Maritza, additional, Schulman, Ivonne, additional, Koggan, Don, additional, Vassallo, Jackie, additional, Peruyera, Gloria, additional, Whittington, Sheri, additional, Bethea, Cassandra, additional, Gilliam, Laura, additional, Pedley, Carolyn, additional, Zurek, Geraldine, additional, Baird, Miriam, additional, Herring, Charles, additional, Smoak, Mary Martha, additional, Williams, Julie, additional, Rogers, Samantha, additional, Gordon, Lindsay, additional, Kennedy, Erin, additional, Belle, Beverly, additional, McCorkle-Doomy, Jessica, additional, Adams, Jonathan, additional, Lopez, Ramon, additional, Janavs, Juris, additional, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, additional, Chapman, Arlene, additional, Dollar, Allen, additional, Williams, Olubunmi, additional, Han, Yoosun, additional, Haley, William, additional, Fitzpatrick, Peter, additional, Blackshear, Joseph, additional, Shapiro, Brian, additional, Harrell, Anna, additional, Palaj, Arta, additional, Henderson, Katelyn, additional, Johnson, Ashley, additional, Gonzalez, Heath, additional, Robinson, Jermaine, additional, Tamariz, Leonardo, additional, Denizard, Jennifer, additional, Barakat, Rody, additional, Krishnamoorthy, Dhurga, additional, Greenway, Frank, additional, Monce, Ron, additional, Church, Timothy, additional, Hendrick, Chelsea, additional, Yoches, Aimee, additional, Sones, Leighanne, additional, Baltazar, Markee, additional, Pemu, Priscilla, additional, Jones, Connie, additional, Akpalu, Derrick, additional, Chelune, Gordon, additional, Childs, Jeffrey, additional, Gren, Lisa, additional, Randall, Anne, additional, Dember, Laura, additional, Soares, Denise, additional, Yee, Jerry, additional, Umanath, Kausik, additional, Ogletree, Naima, additional, Thaxton, Schawana, additional, Campana, Karen, additional, Sheldon, Dayna, additional, MacArthur, Krista, additional, Muhlestein, J. Brent, additional, Allred, Nathan, additional, Clements, Brian, additional, Dhar, Ritesh, additional, Meredith, Kent, additional, Le, Viet, additional, Miner, Edward, additional, Orford, James, additional, Riessen, Erik R., additional, Ballantyne, Becca, additional, Chisum, Ben, additional, Johnson, Kevin, additional, Peeler, Dixie, additional, Chertow, Glenn, additional, Tamura, Manju, additional, Chang, Tara, additional, Erickson, Kevin, additional, Shen, Jenny, additional, Stafford, Randall S., additional, Zaharchuk, Gregory, additional, Del Cid, Margareth, additional, Dentinger, Michelle, additional, Sabino, Jennifer, additional, Sahay, Rukmani, additional, Telminova, Ekaterina, additional, Weiner, Daniel E., additional, Sarnak, Mark, additional, Chan, Lily, additional, Civiletto, Amanda, additional, Heath, Alyson, additional, Kantor, Amy, additional, Jain, Priyanka, additional, Kirkpatrick, Bethany, additional, Well, Andrew, additional, Yuen, Barry, additional, Chonchol, Michel, additional, Farmer, Beverly, additional, Farmer, Heather, additional, Greenwald, Carol, additional, Malaczewski, Mikaela, additional, Lash, James, additional, Porter, Anna, additional, Ricardo, Ana, additional, Rosman, Robert T., additional, Cohan, Janet, additional, Barrera, Nieves Lopez, additional, Meslar, Daniel, additional, Meslar, Patricia, additional, Conroy, Margaret, additional, Unruh, Mark, additional, Hess, Rachel, additional, Jhamb, Manisha, additional, Thomas, Holly, additional, Fazio, Pam, additional, Klixbull, Elle, additional, Komlos-Weimer, Melissa, additional, Mandich, LeeAnne, additional, Vita, Tina, additional, Toto, Robert, additional, Van Buren, Peter, additional, Inrig, Julia, additional, Cruz, Martha, additional, Lightfoot, Tammy, additional, Wang, Nancy, additional, Webster, Lori, additional, Raphael, Kalani, additional, Stults, Barry, additional, Zaman, Tahir, additional, Simmons, Debra, additional, Lavasani, Tooran, additional, Filipowicz, Rebecca, additional, Wei, Guo, additional, Miller, Gracie Mary, additional, Harerra, Jenice, additional, Christensen, Jeff, additional, Giri, Ajay, additional, Chen, Xiaorui, additional, Anderton, Natalie, additional, Jensen, Arianna, additional, Lewis, Julia, additional, Burgner, Anna, additional, Dwyer, Jamie P., additional, Schulman, Gerald, additional, Herrud, Terri, additional, Leavell, Ewanda, additional, McCray, Tiffany, additional, McNeil-Simaan, Edwina, additional, Poudel, Munmun, additional, Reed, Malia, additional, Sika, Mohammed, additional, Woods, Delia, additional, Zirkenbach, Janice L., additional, Raj, Dominic S., additional, Cohen, Scott, additional, Patel, Samir, additional, Velasquez, Manuel, additional, Bastian, Roshni S., additional, Wing, Maria, additional, Roy-Chaudhury, Akshay, additional, Depner, Thomas, additional, Dalyrymple, Lorien, additional, Kaysen, George, additional, Anderson, Susan, additional, Nord, John, additional, Ix, Joachim H., additional, Goldenstein, Leonard, additional, Miracle, Cynthia M., additional, Forbang, Nketi, additional, Mircic, Maja, additional, Thomas, Brenda, additional, Tran, Tiffany, additional, Rastogi, Anjay, additional, Kim, Mihae, additional, Rashid, Mohamad, additional, Lizarraga, Bianca, additional, Hocza, Amy, additional, Sarmosyan, Kristine, additional, Norris, Jason, additional, Sharma, Tushar, additional, Chioy, Amanda, additional, Bernard, Eric, additional, Cabrera, Eleanore, additional, Lopez, Christina, additional, Nunez, Susana, additional, Riad, Joseph, additional, Schweitzer, Suzanne, additional, Sirop, Siran, additional, Thomas, Sarah, additional, Wada, Lauren, additional, Kramer, Holly, additional, Bansal, Vinod, additional, Taylor, Corliss E., additional, Segal, Mark S., additional, Hall, Karen L., additional, Kazory, Amir, additional, Gilbert, Lesa, additional, Owens, Linda, additional, Poulton, Danielle, additional, Whidden, Elaine, additional, Wiggins, Jocelyn, additional, Blaum, Caroline, additional, Nyquist, Linda, additional, Min, Lillian, additional, Gure, Tanya, additional, Lewis, Ruth, additional, Mawby, Jennifer, additional, Robinson, Eileen, additional, Lewis, Cora E., additional, Bradley, Virginia, additional, Calhoun, David, additional, Glasser, Stephen, additional, Jenkins, Kim, additional, Ramsey, Tom, additional, Qureshi, Nauman, additional, Ferguson, Karen, additional, Haider, Sumrah, additional, James, Mandy, additional, Jones, Christy, additional, Renfroe, Kim, additional, Seay, April, additional, Weigart, Carrie, additional, Thornley-Brown, Denyse, additional, Rizik, Dana, additional, Cotton, Bari, additional, Fitz-Gerald, Meredith, additional, Grimes, Tiffany, additional, Johnson, Carolyn, additional, Kennedy, Sara, additional, Mason, Chanel, additional, Rosato-Burson, Lesa, additional, Willingham, Robin, additional, Judd, Eric, additional, Breaux-Shropshire, Tonya, additional, Cook, Felice, additional, Medina, Julia, additional, Ghazi, Lama, additional, Bhatt, Hemal, additional, Lewis, James, additional, Brantley, Roman, additional, Brouilette, John, additional, Glaze, Jeffrey, additional, Hall, Stephanie, additional, Hiott, Nancy, additional, Tharpe, David, additional, Boddy, Spencer, additional, Mack, Catherine, additional, Womack, Catherine, additional, Asao, Keiko, additional, Griffin, Beate, additional, Hendrix, Carol, additional, Johnson, Karen, additional, Jones, Lisa, additional, Towers, Chelsea, additional, Punzi, Henry, additional, Cassidy, Kathy, additional, Schumacher, Kristin, additional, Irizarry, Carmen, additional, Colon, Ilma, additional, Colon-Ortiz, Pedro, additional, Colón-Hernández, Pedro J., additional, Carrasquillo-Navarro, Orlando J., additional, Carrasquillo, Merari, additional, Vazquez, Nivea, additional, Sosa-Padilla, Miguel, additional, Cintron-Pinero, Alex, additional, Ayala, Mayra, additional, Pacheco, Olga, additional, Rivera, Catalina, additional, Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Irma, additional, Claudio, Jamie, additional, Lazaro, Jose, additional, Arce, Migdalia, additional, Heres, Lourdes, additional, Perez, Alba, additional, Tavarez-Valle, Jose, additional, Arocho, Ferlinda, additional, Torres, Mercedes, additional, Vazquez, Melvaliz, additional, Aurigemma, Gerard P., additional, Takis-Smith, Rebecca, additional, Andrieni, Julia, additional, Bodkin, Noelle, additional, Chaudhary, Kiran, additional, Hu, Paula, additional, Kostis, John, additional, Cosgrove, Nora, additional, Bankowski, Denise, additional, Boleyn, Monica, additional, Casazza, Laurie, additional, Giresi, Victoria, additional, Patel, Tosha, additional, Squindo, Erin, additional, Wu, Yan, additional, Henson, Zeb, additional, Wofford, Marion, additional, Lowery, Jessica, additional, Minor, Deborah, additional, Harkins, Kimberley, additional, Auchus, Alexander, additional, Flessner, Michael, additional, Adair, Cathy, additional, Asher, Jordan, additional, Loope, Debbie, additional, Cobb, Rita, additional, Venegas, Reiner, additional, Bigger, Thomas, additional, Bello, Natalie, additional, Homma, Shunichi, additional, Donovan, Daniel, additional, Lopez-Jimenez, Carlos, additional, Tirado, Amilcar, additional, Getaneh, Asqual, additional, Tang, Rocky, additional, Durant, Sabrina, additional, Maurer, Mathew, additional, Teruya, Sergio, additional, Helmke, Stephen, additional, Alvarez, Julissa, additional, Campbell, Ruth, additional, Pisoni, Roberto, additional, Sturdivant, Rachel, additional, Brooks, Deborah, additional, Counts, Caroline, additional, Hunt, Vickie, additional, Spillers, Lori, additional, Brautigam, Donald, additional, Kitchen, Timothy, additional, Gorman, Timothy, additional, Sayers, Jessica, additional, Button, Sarah, additional, Chiarot, June, additional, Fischer, Rosemary, additional, Lyon, Melissa, additional, Resnick, Maria, additional, Hodges, Nicole, additional, Ferreira, Jennifer, additional, Cushman, William, additional, Wall, Barry, additional, Nichols, Linda, additional, Burns, Robert, additional, Martindale-Adams, Jennifer, additional, Berlowitz, Dan, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Walsh, Sandy, additional, Geraci, Terry, additional, Huff, Carol, additional, Shaw, Linda, additional, Servilla, Karen, additional, Vigil, Darlene, additional, Barrett, Terry, additional, Sweeney, Mary Ellen, additional, Johnson, Rebecca, additional, McConnell, Susan, additional, Salles, Khadijeh Shahid, additional, Watson, Francoise, additional, Schenk, Cheryl, additional, Whittington, Laura, additional, Maher, Maxine, additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, Swartz, Stephen, additional, Conlin, Paul, additional, Alexis, George, additional, Lamkin, Rebecca, additional, Underwood, Patti, additional, Gomes, Helen, additional, Rosendorff, Clive, additional, Atlas, Stephen, additional, Khan, Saadat, additional, Gonzalez, Waddy, additional, Barcham, Samih, additional, Kwon, Lawrence, additional, Matar, Matar, additional, Adhami, Anwar, additional, Basile, Jan, additional, John, Joseph, additional, Ham, Deborah, additional, Baig, Hadi, additional, Saklayen, Mohammed, additional, Yap, Jason, additional, Neff, Helen, additional, Miller, Carol, additional, Zheng-Phelan, Ling, additional, Gappy, Saib, additional, Rau, Shiva, additional, Raman, Arathi, additional, Berchou, Vicki, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Olgren, Erin, additional, Marbury, Cynthia, additional, Yudd, Michael, additional, Sastrasinh, Sithiporn, additional, Michaud, Jennine, additional, Fiore, Jessica, additional, Kutza, Marianne, additional, Shorr, Ronald, additional, Mount, Rattana, additional, Dunn, Helen, additional, Stinson, Susan, additional, Hunter, Jessica, additional, Taylor, Addison, additional, Bates, Jeffery, additional, Anderson, Catherine, additional, Kirchner, Kent, additional, Stubbs, Jodi, additional, Hinton, Ardell, additional, Spencer, Anita, additional, Sharma, Santosh, additional, Wiegmann, Thomas, additional, Mehta, Smita, additional, Krause, Michelle, additional, Dishongh, Kate, additional, Childress, Richard, additional, Gyamlani, Geeta, additional, Niakan, Atossa, additional, Thompson, Cathy, additional, Moody, Janelle, additional, Gresham, Carolyn, additional, Whittle, Jeffrey, additional, Barnas, Gary, additional, Wolfgram, Dawn, additional, Cortese, Heidi, additional, Johnson, Jonette, additional, Roumie, Christianne, additional, Hung, Adriana, additional, Wharton, Jennifer, additional, Niesner, Kurt, additional, Katz, Lois, additional, Richardson, Elizabeth, additional, Brock, George, additional, Holland, Joanne, additional, Dixon, Troy, additional, Zias, Athena, additional, Spiller, Christine, additional, Baker, Penelope, additional, Felicetta, James, additional, Rehman, Shakaib, additional, Bingham, Kelli, additional, Watnick, Suzanne, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Weiss, Jessica, additional, Johnston, Tera, additional, Giddings, Stephen, additional, Yamout, Hala, additional, Klein, Andrew, additional, Rowe, Caroline, additional, Vargo, Kristin, additional, Waidmann, Kristi, additional, Papademetriou, Vasilios, additional, Elkhoury, Jean Pierre, additional, Gregory, Barbara, additional, Amodeo, Susan, additional, Bloom, Mary, additional, Goldfarb-Waysman, Dalia, additional, Treger, Richard, additional, Kashefi, Mehran, additional, Huang, Christina, additional, Knibloe, Karen, additional, Ishani, Areef, additional, Slinin, Yelena, additional, Olney, Christine, additional, Rust, Jacqueline, additional, Fanti, Paolo, additional, Dyer, Christopher, additional, Bansal, Shweta, additional, Dunnam, Monica, additional, Hu, Lih-Lan, additional, and Zarate-Abbott, Perla, additional
Published: 2022
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20. Markers of kidney tubule function and risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality in the SPRINT trial

Author: Barry M. Wall, Henry Punzi, Walter T. Ambrosius, Pranav S. Garimella, Vasantha Jotwani, Udayan Bhatt, Alfred K. Cheung, Michel Chonchol, Amret T. Hawfield, Alexandra K. Lee, Michael G. Shlipak, Joachim H. Ix, Timothy E. Craven, Anthony A. Killeen, and Mark J. Sarnak
Subjects: Male, Aging, Kidney Disease, Acute decompensated heart failure, 030232 urology & nephrology, Blood Pressure, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular System, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Chronic kidney disease, 80 and over, Medicine, Renal Insufficiency, Myocardial infarction, Chronic, Aged, 80 and over, screening and diagnosis, Beta-2 microglobulin, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular disease, Detection, Heart Disease, Kidney Tubules, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Glomerular Filtration Rate, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Sciences, Renal and urogenital, Renal function, 03 medical and health sciences, Alpha-1 microglobulin, Clinical Research, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Uromodulin, Tubular function, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Aged, Inflammation, business.industry, Prevention, medicine.disease, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Good Health and Well Being, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Albuminuria, business, Biomarkers, Kidney disease
Abstract: Aims Biomarkers of kidney tubule injury, inflammation and fibrosis have been studied extensively and established as risk markers of adverse kidney and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. However, associations of markers of kidney tubular function with adverse clinical events have not been well studied, especially in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods and results Using a sample of 2377 persons with CKD at the baseline Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) visit, we evaluated the association of three urine tubular function markers, alpha-1 microglobulin (α1m), beta-2 microglobulin (β2m), and uromodulin, with a composite CVD endpoint (myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes) and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, and CVD risk factors. In unadjusted analysis, over a median follow-up of 3.8 years, α1m and β2m had positive associations with composite CVD events and mortality, whereas uromodulin had an inverse association with risk for both outcomes. In multivariable analysis including eGFR and albuminuria, a two-fold higher baseline concentration of α1m was associated with higher risk of CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.45] and mortality (HR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10–1.46), whereas β2m had no association with either outcome. A two-fold higher uromodulin concentration was associated with lower CVD risk (HR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68–0.90) but not mortality (HR 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73–1.01) after adjusting for similar confounders. Conclusion Among non-diabetic persons with CKD, biomarkers of tubular function are associated with CVD events and mortality independent of glomerular function and albuminuria.
Published: 2019
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21. Kidney Disease, Hypertension Treatment, and Cerebral Perfusion and Structure

Author: Manjula Kurella Tamura, Sarah Gaussoin, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Greg Zaharchuk, Barry I. Freedman, Stephen R. Rapp, Alexander P. Auchus, William E. Haley, Suzanne Oparil, Jessica Kendrick, Christianne L. Roumie, Srinivasan Beddhu, Alfred K. Cheung, Jeff D. Williamson, John A. Detre, Sudipto Dolui, R. Nick Bryan, Ilya M. Nasrallah, Paul Whelton, Karen C. Johnson, Joni Snyder, Diane Bild, Denise Bonds, Nakela Cook, Jeffrey Cutler, Lawrence Fine, Peter Kaufmann, Paul Kimmel, Lenore Launer, Claudia Moy, William Riley, Laurie Ryan, Eser Tolunay, Song Yang, David Reboussin, Jeff Williamson, Walter T. Ambrosius, William Applegate, Greg Evans, Capri Foy, Dalane Kitzman, Mary Lyles, Nick Pajewski, Steve Rapp, Scott Rushing, Neel Shah, Kaycee M. Sink, Mara Vitolins, Lynne Wagenknecht, Valerie Wilson, Letitia Perdue, Nancy Woolard, Tim Craven, Katelyn Garcia, Laura Lovato, Jill Newman, James Lovato, Lingyi Lu, Chris McLouth, Greg Russell, Bobby Amoroso, Patty Davis, Jason Griffin, Darrin Harris, Mark King, Kathy Lane, Wes Roberson, Debbie Steinberg, Donna Ashford, Phyllis Babcock, Dana Chamberlain, Vickie Christensen, Loretta Cloud, Christy Collins, Delilah Cook, Katherine Currie, Debbie Felton, Stacy Harpe, Marjorie Howard, Michelle Lewis, Pamela Nance, Nicole Puccinelli-Ortega, Laurie Russell, Jennifer Walker, Brenda Craven, Candace Goode, Margie Troxler, Janet Davis, Sarah Hutchens, Anthony A. Killeen, Anna M. Lukkari, Robert Ringer, Brandi Dillard, Norbert Archibeque, Stuart Warren, Mike Sather, James Pontzer, Zach Taylor, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Zhu-Ming Zhang, Yabing Li, Chuck Campbell, Susan Hensley, Julie Hu, Lisa Keasler, Mary Barr, Tonya Taylor, Christos Davatzikos, Ilya Nasarallah, Lisa Desiderio, Mark Elliott, Ari Borthakur, Harsha Battapady, Guray Erus, Alex Smith, Ze Wang, Jimit Doshi, Jackson T. Wright, Mahboob Rahman, Alan J. Lerner, Carolyn Still, Alan Wiggers, Sara Zamanian, Alberta Bee, Renee Dancie, George Thomas, Martin Schreiber, Sankar Dass Navaneethan, John Hickner, Michael Lioudis, Michelle Lard, Susan Marczewski, Jennifer Maraschky, Martha Colman, Andrea Aaby, Stacey Payne, Melanie Ramos, Carol Horner, Paul Drawz, Pratibha P. Raghavendra, Scott Ober, Ronda Mourad, Muralidhar Pallaki, Peter Russo, Pratibha Raghavendra, Pual Fantauzzo, Lisa Tucker, Bill Schwing, John R. Sedor, Edward J. Horwitz, Jeffrey R. Schellling, John F. O’Toole, Lisa Humbert, Wendy Tutolo, Suzanne White, Alishea Gay, Walter Clark, Robin Hughes, Mirela Dobre, Carolyn H. Still, Monique Williams, Udayan Bhatt, Lee Hebert, Anil Agarwal, Melissa Brown Murphy, Nicole Ford, Cynthia Stratton, Jody Baxter, Alicia A. Lykins, Alison McKinley Neal Leena Hirmath, Osei Kwame, Kyaw Soe, William F. Miser, Colleen Sagrilla, Jan Johnston, Amber Anaya, Ashley Mintos, Angel A. Howell, Kelly Rogers, Sara Taylor, Donald Ebersbacher, Lucy Long, Beth Bednarchik, Adrian Schnall, Jonathan Smith, Lori Peysha, Lisa Leach, Megan Tribout, Carla Harwell, Pinkie Ellington, Mary Ann Banerji, Pranav Ghody, Melissa Vahídeh Rambaud, Raymond Townsend, Debbie Cohen, Yonghong Huan, Mark Duckworth, Virginia Ford, Juliet Leshner, Ann Davison, Sarah Vander Veen, Crystal A. Gadegbeku, Avi Gillespie, Anuradha Paranjape, Sandra Amoroso, Zoe Pfeffer, Sally B. Quinn, Jiang He, Jing Chen, Eva Lustigova, Erin Malone, Marie Krousel-Wood, Richard Deichmann, Patricia Ronney, Susan Muery, Donnalee Trapani, Michael Rocco, David Goff, Carlos Rodriguez, Laura Coker, Amret Hawfield, Joseph Yeboah, Lenore Crago, John Summerson, Anita Hege, Matt Diamond, Laura Mulloy, Marcela Hodges, Michelle Collins, Charlene Weathers, Heather Anderson, Emily Stone, Walida Walker, Andrew McWilliams, Michael Dulin, Lindsay Kuhn, Susan Standridge, Lindsay Lowe, Kelly Everett, Kelry Preston, Susan Norton, Silena Gaines, Ali A. Rizvi, Andrew W. Sides, Diamond Herbert, Matthew M. Hix, Melanie Whitmire, Brittany Arnold, Philip Hutchinson, Joseph Espiritu, Mark Feinglos, Eugene Kovalik, Georgianne Gedon-Lipscomb, Kathryn Evans, Connie Thacker, Ronna Zimmer, Mary Furst, MaryAnn Mason, James Powell, Paul Bolin, Junhong Zhang, Mary Pinion, Gail Davis, Winifred Bryant, Presley Phelps, Connie Garris-Sutton, Beatrice Atkinson, Gabriele Contreras, Maritza Suarez, Ivonne Schulman, Don Koggan, Jackie Vassallo, Gloria Peruyera, Sheri Whittington, Cassandra Bethea, Laura Gilliam, Carolyn Pedley, Geraldine Zurek, Miriam Baird, Charles Herring, Mary Martha Smoak, Julie Williams, Samantha Rogers, Lindsay Gordon, Erin Kennedy, Beverly Belle, Jessica McCorkle-Doomy, Jonathan Adams, Ramon Lopez, Juris Janavs, Frederic Rahbari-Oskoui, Arlene Chapman, Allen Dollar, Olubunmi Williams, Yoosun Han, William Haley, Peter Fitzpatrick, Joseph Blackshear, Brian Shapiro, Anna Harrell, Arta Palaj, Katelyn Henderson, Ashley Johnson, Heath Gonzalez, Jermaine Robinson, Leonardo Tamariz, Jennifer Denizard, Rody Barakat, Dhurga Krishnamoorthy, Frank Greenway, Ron Monce, Timothy Church, Chelsea Hendrick, Aimee Yoches, Leighanne Sones, Markee Baltazar, Priscilla Pemu, Connie Jones, Derrick Akpalu, Gordon Chelune, Jeffrey Childs, Lisa Gren, Anne Randall, Laura Dember, Denise Soares, Jerry Yee, Kausik Umanath, Naima Ogletree, Schawana Thaxton, Karen Campana, Dayna Sheldon, Krista MacArthur, J. Brent Muhlestein, Nathan Allred, Brian Clements, Ritesh Dhar, Kent Meredith, Viet Le, Edward Miner, James Orford, Erik R. Riessen, Becca Ballantyne, Ben Chisum, Kevin Johnson, Dixie Peeler, Glenn Chertow, Manju Tamura, Tara Chang, Kevin Erickson, Jenny Shen, Randall S. Stafford, Gregory Zaharchuk, Margareth Del Cid, Michelle Dentinger, Jennifer Sabino, Rukmani Sahay, Ekaterina Telminova, Daniel E. Weiner, Mark Sarnak, Lily Chan, Amanda Civiletto, Alyson Heath, Amy Kantor, Priyanka Jain, Bethany Kirkpatrick, Andrew Well, Barry Yuen, Michel Chonchol, Beverly Farmer, Heather Farmer, Carol Greenwald, Mikaela Malaczewski, James Lash, Anna Porter, Ana Ricardo, Robert T. Rosman, Janet Cohan, Nieves Lopez Barrera, Daniel Meslar, Patricia Meslar, Margaret Conroy, Mark Unruh, Rachel Hess, Manisha Jhamb, Holly Thomas, Pam Fazio, Elle Klixbull, Melissa Komlos-Weimer, LeeAnne Mandich, Tina Vita, Robert Toto, Peter Van Buren, Julia Inrig, Martha Cruz, Tammy Lightfoot, Nancy Wang, Lori Webster, Kalani Raphael, Barry Stults, Tahir Zaman, Debra Simmons, Tooran Lavasani, Rebecca Filipowicz, Guo Wei, Gracie Mary Miller, Jenice Harerra, Jeff Christensen, Ajay Giri, Xiaorui Chen, Natalie Anderton, Arianna Jensen, Julia Lewis, Anna Burgner, Jamie P. Dwyer, Gerald Schulman, Terri Herrud, Ewanda Leavell, Tiffany McCray, Edwina McNeil-Simaan, Munmun Poudel, Malia Reed, Mohammed Sika, Delia Woods, Janice L. Zirkenbach, Dominic S. Raj, Scott Cohen, Samir Patel, Manuel Velasquez, Roshni S. Bastian, Maria Wing, Akshay Roy-Chaudhury, Thomas Depner, Lorien Dalyrymple, George Kaysen, Susan Anderson, John Nord, Joachim H. Ix, Leonard Goldenstein, Cynthia M. Miracle, Nketi Forbang, Maja Mircic, Brenda Thomas, Tiffany Tran, Anjay Rastogi, Mihae Kim, Mohamad Rashid, Bianca Lizarraga, Amy Hocza, Kristine Sarmosyan, Jason Norris, Tushar Sharma, Amanda Chioy, Eric Bernard, Eleanore Cabrera, Christina Lopez, Susana Nunez, Joseph Riad, Suzanne Schweitzer, Siran Sirop, Sarah Thomas, Lauren Wada, Holly Kramer, Vinod Bansal, Corliss E. Taylor, Mark S. Segal, Karen L. Hall, Amir Kazory, Lesa Gilbert, Linda Owens, Danielle Poulton, Elaine Whidden, Jocelyn Wiggins, Caroline Blaum, Linda Nyquist, Lillian Min, Tanya Gure, Ruth Lewis, Jennifer Mawby, Eileen Robinson, Cora E. Lewis, Virginia Bradley, David Calhoun, Stephen Glasser, Kim Jenkins, Tom Ramsey, Nauman Qureshi, Karen Ferguson, Sumrah Haider, Mandy James, Christy Jones, Kim Renfroe, April Seay, Carrie Weigart, Denyse Thornley-Brown, Dana Rizik, Bari Cotton, Meredith Fitz-Gerald, Tiffany Grimes, Carolyn Johnson, Sara Kennedy, Chanel Mason, Lesa Rosato-Burson, Robin Willingham, Eric Judd, Tonya Breaux-Shropshire, Felice Cook, Julia Medina, Lama Ghazi, Hemal Bhatt, James Lewis, Roman Brantley, John Brouilette, Jeffrey Glaze, Stephanie Hall, Nancy Hiott, David Tharpe, Spencer Boddy, Catherine Mack, Catherine Womack, Keiko Asao, Beate Griffin, Carol Hendrix, Karen Johnson, Lisa Jones, Chelsea Towers, Henry Punzi, Kathy Cassidy, Kristin Schumacher, Carmen Irizarry, Ilma Colon, Pedro Colon-Ortiz, Pedro J. Colón-Hernández, Orlando J. Carrasquillo-Navarro, Merari Carrasquillo, Nivea Vazquez, Miguel Sosa-Padilla, Alex Cintron-Pinero, Mayra Ayala, Olga Pacheco, Catalina Rivera, Irma Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Jamie Claudio, Jose Lazaro, Migdalia Arce, Lourdes Heres, Alba Perez, Jose Tavarez-Valle, Ferlinda Arocho, Mercedes Torres, Melvaliz Vazquez, Gerard P. Aurigemma, Rebecca Takis-Smith, Julia Andrieni, Noelle Bodkin, Kiran Chaudhary, Paula Hu, John Kostis, Nora Cosgrove, Denise Bankowski, Monica Boleyn, Laurie Casazza, Victoria Giresi, Tosha Patel, Erin Squindo, Yan Wu, Zeb Henson, Marion Wofford, Jessica Lowery, Deborah Minor, Kimberley Harkins, Alexander Auchus, Michael Flessner, Cathy Adair, Jordan Asher, Debbie Loope, Rita Cobb, Reiner Venegas, Thomas Bigger, Natalie Bello, Shunichi Homma, Daniel Donovan, Carlos Lopez-Jimenez, Amilcar Tirado, Asqual Getaneh, Rocky Tang, Sabrina Durant, Mathew Maurer, Sergio Teruya, Stephen Helmke, Julissa Alvarez, Ruth Campbell, Roberto Pisoni, Rachel Sturdivant, Deborah Brooks, Caroline Counts, Vickie Hunt, Lori Spillers, Donald Brautigam, Timothy Kitchen, Timothy Gorman, Jessica Sayers, Sarah Button, June Chiarot, Rosemary Fischer, Melissa Lyon, Maria Resnick, Nicole Hodges, Jennifer Ferreira, William Cushman, Barry Wall, Linda Nichols, Robert Burns, Jennifer Martindale-Adams, Dan Berlowitz, Elizabeth Clark, Sandy Walsh, Terry Geraci, Carol Huff, Linda Shaw, Karen Servilla, Darlene Vigil, Terry Barrett, Mary Ellen Sweeney, Rebecca Johnson, Susan McConnell, Khadijeh Shahid Salles, Francoise Watson, Cheryl Schenk, Laura Whittington, Maxine Maher, Jonathan Williams, Stephen Swartz, Paul Conlin, George Alexis, Rebecca Lamkin, Patti Underwood, Helen Gomes, Clive Rosendorff, Stephen Atlas, Saadat Khan, Waddy Gonzalez, Samih Barcham, Lawrence Kwon, Matar Matar, Anwar Adhami, Jan Basile, Joseph John, Deborah Ham, Hadi Baig, Mohammed Saklayen, Jason Yap, Helen Neff, Carol Miller, Ling Zheng-Phelan, Saib Gappy, Shiva Rau, Arathi Raman, Vicki Berchou, Elizabeth Jones, Erin Olgren, Cynthia Marbury, Michael Yudd, Sithiporn Sastrasinh, Jennine Michaud, Jessica Fiore, Marianne Kutza, Ronald Shorr, Rattana Mount, Helen Dunn, Susan Stinson, Jessica Hunter, Addison Taylor, Jeffery Bates, Catherine Anderson, Kent Kirchner, Jodi Stubbs, Ardell Hinton, Anita Spencer, Santosh Sharma, Thomas Wiegmann, Smita Mehta, Michelle Krause, Kate Dishongh, Richard Childress, Geeta Gyamlani, Atossa Niakan, Cathy Thompson, Janelle Moody, Carolyn Gresham, Jeffrey Whittle, Gary Barnas, Dawn Wolfgram, Heidi Cortese, Jonette Johnson, Christianne Roumie, Adriana Hung, Jennifer Wharton, Kurt Niesner, Lois Katz, Elizabeth Richardson, George Brock, Joanne Holland, Troy Dixon, Athena Zias, Christine Spiller, Penelope Baker, James Felicetta, Shakaib Rehman, Kelli Bingham, Suzanne Watnick, David Cohen, Jessica Weiss, Tera Johnston, Stephen Giddings, Hala Yamout, Andrew Klein, Caroline Rowe, Kristin Vargo, Kristi Waidmann, Vasilios Papademetriou, Jean Pierre Elkhoury, Barbara Gregory, Susan Amodeo, Mary Bloom, Dalia Goldfarb-Waysman, Richard Treger, Mehran Kashefi, Christina Huang, Karen Knibloe, Areef Ishani, Yelena Slinin, Christine Olney, Jacqueline Rust, Paolo Fanti, Christopher Dyer, Shweta Bansal, Monica Dunnam, Lih-Lan Hu, and Perla Zarate-Abbott
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Renal function, Perfusion scanning, Blood Pressure, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cerebral perfusion pressure, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Creatinine, business.industry, medicine.disease, Perfusion, Blood pressure, chemistry, Cerebral blood flow, Nephrology, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Hypertension, Albuminuria, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: The safety of intensive blood pressure (BP) targets is controversial for persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied the effects of hypertension treatment on cerebral perfusion and structure in those with and without CKD. STUDY DESIGN: Neuroimaging substudy of a randomized trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: A subset of participants in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial who underwent brain MRI studies. Presence of baseline CKD was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to intensive (systolic BP 30 mg/g (N=151), the effects of intensive versus standard BP treatment on change in global cerebral blood flow, WMLs and total brain volume were 1.91 ml/100g/min (95% CI −3.01, 6.82), 0.003 cm(3) (asinh transformed, 95% CI −0.13, 0.13), and −7.0 cm(3) (95% CI −13.3, −0.3), respectively. The overall treatment effects on cerebral blood flow and total brain volume were not modified by baseline eGFR or UACR; however the effect on WMLs was attenuated in participants with albuminuria (interaction p-value 0.04). LIMITATIONS: Measurement variability due to multi-site design. CONCLUSIONS: Among hypertensive adults with primarily early kidney disease, intensive versus standard blood pressure treatment did not appear to have a detrimental effect on brain perfusion or structure. The findings support the safety of intensive blood pressure treatment targets on brain health in persons with early kidney disease. FUNDING: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial was funded by the National Institutes of Health (including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute on Aging, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), and this substudy was funded by the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: SPRINT was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the study number NCT01206062.
Published: 2021

22. American's on Vacation

Author: Hawfield, Michael C.
Published: 1991

23. The Difference Between Cystatin C– and Creatinine-Based Estimated GFR and Associations With Frailty and Adverse Outcomes: A Cohort Analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)

Author: Joachim H. Ix, O. Alison Potok, Monique E. Cho, Dena E. Rifkin, Amret T. Hawfield, Ronit Katz, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Anjay Rastogi, Walter T. Ambrosius, Michael V. Rocco, and Michael G. Shlipak
Subjects: Male, Kidney Disease, 030232 urology & nephrology, Blood Pressure, risk stratification, Logistic regression, filtration marker, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, Risk Factors, cystatin C, falls, Renal Insufficiency, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chronic, kidney function, older adults, Frailty, biology, Incidence (epidemiology), Urology & Nephrology, muscle mass, Nephrology, Creatinine, Public Health and Health Services, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Systole, Clinical Sciences, Renal and urogenital, Renal function, frailty, serum creatinine, Article, sarcopenia, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, death, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cystatin C, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aged, business.industry, Prevention, aging, medicine.disease, Good Health and Well Being, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Sarcopenia, biology.protein, business, Biomarkers, Kidney disease
Abstract: RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: In prior research and in practice, the difference between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from cystatin C level and eGFR calculated from creatinine level has not been assessed for clinical significance and relevance. We evaluated whether these differences contain important information about frailty. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 9,092 hypertensive SPRINT participants who had baseline measurements of serum creatinine, cystatin C, and frailty. EXPOSURE: eGFRs calculated using CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equations (eGFR(cys) and eGFR(cr)), and eGFR(Diff), calculated as eGFR(cys) – eGFR(cr). OUTCOMES: A validated 35-item frailty index that included questionnaire data for general and physical health, limitations of activities, pain, depression, sleep, energy level, self-care, and smoking status, as well as medical history, cognitive assessment, and laboratory data. We defined frailty as frailty index score > 0.21 (range, 0-1). The incidence of injurious falls, hospitalizations, cardiovascular events, and mortality was also recorded. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used logistic regression to model the cross-sectional association of baseline eGFR(Diff) with frailty among all SPRINT participants. Adjusted proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association of eGFR(Diff) with adverse outcomes and mortality. RESULTS: Mean age was 68 ± 9 (SD) years, mean eGFR(cys) and eGFR(cr) were 73 ± 23 and 72 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and mean eGFR(Diff) was 0.5 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m(2). In adjusted models, each 1-SD higher eGFR(Diff) was associated with 24% lower odds of prevalent frailty (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71-0.81), as well as with lower incidence rate of injurious falls (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92), hospitalization (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95), cardiovascular events (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97), and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.82); P < 0.01. LIMITATIONS: Gold-standard measure of kidney function and assessment of muscle mass were not available. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between eGFR(cys) and eGFR(cr) is associated with frailty and health status. Positive eGFR(Diff) is strongly associated with lower risks for longitudinal adverse outcomes and mortality, even after adjusting for chronic kidney disease stage and baseline frailty.
Published: 2020

24. Chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease in untreated adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) deficiency: A case report

Author: Kendrah Kidd, Benjamin Cochran, Angela G Niehaus, Stanislav Kmoch, Alex Bonnecaze, Anthony J. Bleyer, Tereza Kovačíková, Gowrie Balasubraminiam, Amret T. Hawfield, Martina Živná, Aleš Hnízda, Kateřina Hodaňová, and Irene Ceballos-Picot
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Antimetabolites, Allopurinol, medicine.medical_treatment, Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase, 030232 urology & nephrology, Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, Urology, Renal function, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Nephropathy, Kidney Calculi, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Urolithiasis, medicine, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Dialysis, Kidney, business.industry, Phosphoribosyl transferase, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nephrology, Nephritis, Interstitial, business, Metabolism, Inborn Errors, Glomerular Filtration Rate, medicine.drug, Kidney disease
Abstract: Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency (OMIM #614723) is a rare autosomal recessive defect in the purine salvage pathway that causes excessive production of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, leading to nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This case report describes the natural history of CKD in untreated APRT deficiency. We describe a novel APRT mutation (chr16:88877985 G / C; c.195 C>/G; p.His54Asp) presenting with CKD without nephrolithiasis. The patient initially required dialysis, but kidney function improved with allopurinol. We reviewed APRT deficiency reported in the literature to determine the loss of kidney function in individuals with untreated APRT deficiency and its relationship to nephrolithiasis. We identified 95 individuals in whom kidney function was assessed prior to treatment. There was a bimodal distribution of kidney failure. AKI occurred frequently in childhood due to obstructing nephrolithiasis or crystalline nephropathy and was usually reversible. CKD developed after age 20 in all patients irrespective of nephrolithiasis history, with 36/42 patients > 40 years of age having at least stage 3 CKD, and 24/42 having an eGFR > 10 mL/min/1.73m2 or being on dialysis. There were 13 adults without nephrolithiasis and 50 adults with nephrolithiasis. The mean age of end-stage renal diesease (ESRD) was 50.52 ± 13.9 for those without nephrolithiasis and 43.4 ± 15.8 years for those with nephrolithiasis (p = 0.24). APRT deficiency is associated with slowly progressive CKD that occurs independently of nephrolithiasis. Diagnosis should be considered in all individuals with chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease, with or without the presence of nephrolithiasis. In our patient, allopurinol 300 mg/day resulted in improvement of kidney function. .
Published: 2018
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25. Blood Pressure Intervention and Control in SPRINT.

Author: Cushman, William C., Ringer, Robert J., Rodriguez, Carlos J., Evans, Gregory W., Bates, Jeffrey T., Cutler, Jeffrey A., Hawfield, Amret, Kitzman, Dalane W., Nasrallah, Ilya M., Oparil, Suzanne, Nord, John, Papademetriou, Vasilios, Servilla, Karen, Van Buren, Peter, Whelton, Paul K., Whittle, Jeff, Wright Jr, Jackson T., Wright, Jackson T Jr, and SPRINT Research Group
Abstract: Background: The SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) demonstrated reductions in major cardiovascular disease events and mortality with an intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal intervention. However, a detailed description of the blood pressure intervention, antihypertensive medication usage, blood pressure levels, and rates and predictors of blood pressure control has not been reported previously.Methods: Hypertensive participants (n=9361) 50 years and older with elevated cardiovascular disease risk were randomized 1:1 to SBP goal <120 mm Hg or SBP goal <140 mm Hg. Guideline-recommended antihypertensive medications and dosing were provided at no cost. Intensive group participants were started on at least 2 medications, and medications were adjusted monthly until SBP goal was achieved, if feasible. Standard group participants were treated to achieve SBP 135 to 139 mm Hg.Results: Baseline blood pressure (median±interquartile range) was 138±19/78±16 mm Hg. For intensive group participants, percent at goal rose from 8.9% at baseline to 52.4% at 6 months and average antihypertensive medications rose from 2.2 to 2.7; SBP was <120 mm Hg in 61.6% and <130 mm Hg in 80.0% at their final visit. For the standard group participants, percent at goal rose from 53.0% at baseline to 68.6% at 6 months, while antihypertensive medications fell from 1.9 to 1.8. From 6 to 36 months, median SBP was stable at 119±14 mm Hg for intensive and 136±15 mm Hg for standard participants, with stable numbers of medications. Few predictors of SBP control were found in multiple regression models.Conclusions: These results may inform and help replicate the benefits of SPRINT in clinical practice.Registration: URL: http://www.Clinicaltrials: gov; Unique identifier: NCT01206062. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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26. Retrospective study of the effect of comorbidity on use of adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer in a tertiary care setting

Author: Hawfield, Amret, Lovato, James, Covington, Damian, and Kimmick, Gretchen
Published: 2006
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27. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Modifiable risk factors for sudden death in dialysis patients

Author: Bleyer, Anthony J. and Hawfield, Amret
Published: 2012
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28. Angiogenic Factors in Superimposed Preeclampsia: A Longitudinal Study of Women With Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy

Author: Perni, Uma, Sison, Cristina, Sharma, Vijay, Helseth, Geri, Hawfield, Amret, Suthanthiran, Manikkam, and August, Phyllis
Published: 2012
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29. Effects of Intensive BP Control in CKD

Author: Paul L. Kimmel, Lois A. Katz, Jerry Yee, William E. Haley, Anthony A. Killeen, Barry I. Freedman, Ana C. Ricardo, Tom Greene, Barry M. Wall, Tara I. Chang, Timothy E. Craven, Alfred K. Cheung, Karen S. Servilla, Dawn F. Wolfgram, Karen C. Johnson, Jan Basile, Cora E. Lewis, Amret T. Hawfield, William C. Cushman, Glenn M. Chertow, Mahboob Rahman, Srinivasan Beddhu, Kaycee M. Sink, Michel Chonchol, David M. Reboussin, Udayan Bhatt, Paul K. Whelton, Jackson T. Wright, Suzanne Oparil, Vasilios Papademetriou, Joachim H. Ix, and Michael V. Rocco
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, business.industry, Hazard ratio, 030232 urology & nephrology, Renal function, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood pressure, Nephrology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Adverse effect, business, Cause of death
Abstract: The appropriate target for BP in patients with CKD and hypertension remains uncertain. We report prespecified subgroup analyses of outcomes in participants with baseline CKD in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. We randomly assigned participants to a systolic BP target of
Published: 2017
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30. Trauma-Induced Cutaneous Pigmentation from Tetracycline: A Case Report

Author: Hawfield, Wesley, Goodrich, Robert, Warren, Simon, and Morrell, Dean
Published: 2004

31. Vitamin B6 Deficiency Anemia in the Dog

Author: Smith, Susan Gower, Curry, Robert, and Hawfield, Harold
Published: 1943

32. APOL1 Renal-Risk Variants Do Not Associate With Incident Cardiovascular Disease or Mortality in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial

Author: Vasilios Papademetriou, Paul L. Kimmel, Jeffrey T. Bates, Barry M. Wall, James P. Lash, Karen Servilla, Amret T. Hawfield, Barry I. Freedman, Nicholas M. Pajewski, John R. Sedor, Michael V. Rocco, and Michel Chonchol
Subjects: Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute decompensated heart failure, 030232 urology & nephrology, Renal function, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, lcsh:RC870-923, albuminuria, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Research, cardiovascular disease, Internal medicine, Genetic model, Medicine, Myocardial infarction, APOL1, African Americans, business.industry, SPRINT, Hazard ratio, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Blood pressure, Nephrology, Albuminuria, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, business, chronic kidney disease
Abstract: Introduction Relationships between apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) renal-risk variants (RRVs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain controversial. To clarify associations between APOL1 and CVD, a total of 2568 African American Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) participants were assessed for the incidence of CVD events (primary composite including nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and CVD death), renal outcomes, and all-cause mortality. Methods Cox proportional hazards regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, African ancestry proportion, and treatment group (systolic blood pressure target of
Published: 2017

33. Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment on Acute Kidney Injury Events in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)

Author: Frederic F. Rahbari-Oskoui, Dawn F. Wolfgram, Paul L. Kimmel, Laura C. Lovato, Paul E. Drawz, Cora E. Lewis, William E. Haley, Alfred K. Cheung, Jamie P. Dwyer, Roberto Pisoni, Amret T. Hawfield, Srinivasan Beddhu, Anna C. Porter, Barry I. Freedman, Julia B. Lewis, James P. Lash, Mirela Dobre, Kausik Umanath, Michael V. Rocco, Thomas B. Wiegmann, David M. Reboussin, Udayan Bhatt, Kaycee M. Sink, Glenn M. Chertow, Lois A. Katz, Ruth C. Campbell, and Barry M. Wall
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Critical Care, 030232 urology & nephrology, Renal function, Blood Pressure, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, urologic and male genital diseases, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Article, Drug Administration Schedule, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Creatinine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, urogenital system, Acute kidney injury, Blood Pressure Determination, Emergency department, Acute Kidney Injury, Middle Aged, Reference Standards, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, United States, Blood pressure, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Nephrology, Hypertension, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Treating to a lower blood pressure (BP) may increase acute kidney injury (AKI) events. STUDY DESIGN: Data on AKI resulting in or during hospitalization or emergency department visits were collected as part of the serious adverse events reporting process of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 9361 participants aged 50 or older with one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly assigned to a systolic BP target of
Published: 2017

34. Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Control on Kidney and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Persons Without Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial

Author: Tom Greene, Michael V. Rocco, Barry M. Wall, Karen S. Servilla, Vasilios Papademetriou, Anjay Rastogi, Srinivasan Beddhu, James P. Lash, Barry I. Freedman, Paul L. Kimmel, Debbie L. Cohen, Mahboob Rahman, Timothy E. Craven, Alfred K. Cheung, Raymond R. Townsend, Udayan Bhatt, Anthony A. Killeen, Paul K. Whelton, Amret T. Hawfield, and Robert D. Toto
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Renal function, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Cause of Death, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Stroke, Antihypertensive Agents, Cause of death, Aged, Kidney, business.industry, Incidence, General Medicine, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart failure, Hypertension, Cardiology, business, Kidney disease, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: The public health significance of the reported higher incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering is unclear.To examine the effects of intensive SBP lowering on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes and contrast its apparent beneficial and adverse effects.Subgroup analyses of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01206062).Adults with high blood pressure and elevated cardiovascular risk.6662 participants with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.Random assignment to an intensive or standard SBP goal (120 or 140 mm Hg, respectively).Differences in mean eGFR during follow-up (estimated with a linear mixed-effects model), prespecified incident CKD (defined as a30% decrease in eGFR to a value60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and a composite of all-cause death or cardiovascular event, with surveillance every 3 months.The difference in adjusted mean eGFR between the intensive and standard groups was -3.32 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI, -3.90 to -2.74 mL/min/1.73 m2) at 6 months, was -4.50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CI, -5.16 to -3.85 mL/min/1.73 m2) at 18 months, and remained relatively stable thereafter. An incident CKD event occurred in 3.7% of participants in the intensive group and 1.0% in the standard group at 3-year follow-up, with a hazard ratio of 3.54 (CI, 2.50 to 5.02). The corresponding percentages for the composite of death or cardiovascular event were 4.9% and 7.1% at 3-year follow-up, with a hazard ratio of 0.71 (CI, 0.59 to 0.86).Long-term data were lacking.Intensive SBP lowering increased risk for incident CKD events, but this was outweighed by cardiovascular and all-cause mortality benefits.National Institutes of Health.
Published: 2017

35. Museum Kits: A Joint Venture of Indiana University at South Bend and the Northern Indiana Historical Society Museum. An Illustrated Presentation.

Author: DuVall, Charles R. and Hawfield, Michael C.
Abstract: This publication describes a joint program in which K-12 social studies methods students enrolled at Indiana University utilize the facilities of the Northern Indiana Historical Society Museum (NIHSM). The museum has developed two kits--the Indian Kit and the Pioneer Kit--which contain items most representatve of the pioneer and Indian eras of northern Indiana. As part of their course work, methods students are required to make a minimum of three kit presentations to fourth grade classes in local public schools and to conduct a minimum of one field trip through the museum. The methods students are trained in the use of the kits through a slide presentation. Slides were made of each item in the kits and descriptions of each item were recorded. As part of their training, students are also required to read the "Handbook for Museum Tour Guides" which contains background readings, presents directions for using the kits, and helps the students prepare for conducting a field trip through the museum. To advertise the program, a brochure is designed, printed and mailed through Indiana University to each fourth grade teacher of Indiana history in St. Joseph County. Teachers return the reservation form to the museum's Education Coordinator if they wish to schedule either a kit or a field trip. Appendices, which comprise the bulk of the publication, include a sample of the slide descriptions, the table of contents of the handbook, and letters sent to the teachers. (Author/RM)
Published: 1981

36. A Co-operative Educational Program: The Presentation of Museum Artifact Kits in Community Elementary Schools.

Author: Hawfield, Michael C. and DuVall, Charles R.
Abstract: The Artifact Kits program, which centers on the presentation of two collections of local history artifacts by local university undergraduate students to children in the community elementary schools, is designed to meet three educational needs of the community: the museum's responsibility for broad dissemination of the community heritage, practical training of prospective social studies teachers, and the enrichment of the elementary school social studies curriculum. This multi-level project integrating several existing but separate educational resources concentrated on fourth-grade students, who were given not only an introduction to their regional cultural heritage, but also an opportunity to handle the artifacts, thereby generating greater interest and making a more lasting impression than would be realized by more conventional methods. At the same time, the university students received valuable teaching experience and the museum gained by stimulation of student interest in its collections. (Author/RAA)
Published: 1981

37. Chronic tubulointerstitial kidney disease in untreated adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) deficiency: A case report

Author: Cochran, Benjamin, primary, KovaÄíková, Tereza, additional, HodaÅová, KateÅina, additional, Å½ivná, Martina, additional, Hnízda, Aleš, additional, Niehaus, Angela G., additional, Bonnecaze, Alex, additional, Balasubraminiam, Gowrie, additional, Ceballos-Picot, Irene, additional, Hawfield, Amret, additional, Kidd, Kendrah, additional, Kmoch, Stanislav, additional, and Bleyer, Anthony J., additional
Published: 2018
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38. Effects of supervised exercise and dietary nitrate in older adults with controlled hypertension and/or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Author: Debra I. Diz, Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro, Ashley R. Morgan, Gary D. Miller, James L. Norris, Swati Basu, Amret T. Hawfield, Timothy M. Morgan, Hossam A. Shaltout, W. Jack Rejeski, Patricia C. Dos Santos, Jonathan H. Burdette, Anthony P. Marsh, Joel Eggebeen, Paul J. Laurienti, Dalane W. Kitzman, J. Thomas Becton, and Peter H. Brubaker
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, Biochemistry, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Aerobic exercise, Humans, Treadmill, Exercise, Nitrites, Aged, Heart Failure, Ejection fraction, Nitrates, business.industry, Stroke Volume, Stroke volume, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Oxygen, Blood pressure, Heart failure, Dietary Supplements, Hypertension, Physical therapy, Cardiology, Physical Endurance, Female, Beta vulgaris, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Aerobic exercise training is an effective therapy to improve peak aerobic power (peak VO2) in individuals with hypertension (HTN, AHA/ACC class A) and heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). High nitrate containing beetroot juice (BRJ) also improves sub-maximal endurance and decreases blood pressure in both HTN and HFpEF. We hypothesized that combining an aerobic exercise and dietary nitrate intervention would result in additive or even synergistic positive effects on exercise tolerance and blood pressure in HTN or HFpEF. We report results from two pilot studies examining the effects of supervised aerobic exercise combined with dietary nitrate in patients with controlled HTN (n=26, average age 65 ± 5 years) and in patients with HFpEF (n = 20, average age 69 ± 7 years). All patients underwent an aerobic exercise training regimen; half were randomly assigned to consume a high nitrate-containing beet juice beverage (BRJ containing 6.1 mmol nitrate for the HFpEF study consumed three times a week and 8 mmol nitrate for the HTN study consumed daily) while the other half consumed a beet juice beverage with the nitrate removed (placebo). The main result was that there was no added benefit observed for any outcomes when comparing BRJ to placebo in either HTN or HFpEF patients undergoing exercise training (p ≥ 0.14). There were within-group benefits. In the pilot study in patients with HFpEF, aerobic endurance (primary outcome), defined as the exercise time to volitional exhaustion during submaximal cycling at 75% of maximal power output, improved during exercise training within each group from baseline to end of study, 369 ± 149 sec vs 520 ± 257 sec (p = 0.04) for the placebo group and 384 ± 129 sec vs 483 ± 258 sec for the BRJ group (p = 0.15). Resting systolic blood pressure in patients with HFpEF also improved during exercise training in both groups, 136 ± 16 mm Hg vs 122 ± 3 mm Hg for the placebo group (p < 0.05) and 132 ± 12 mm Hg vs 119 ± 9 mm Hg for the BRJ group (p < 0.05). In the HTN pilot study, during a treadmill graded exercise test, peak oxygen consumption (primary outcome) did not change significantly, but time to exhaustion (also a primary outcome) improved in both groups, 504 ± 32 sec vs 601 ± 38 sec (p < 0.05) for the placebo group and 690 ± 38 sec vs 772 ± 95 sec for the BRJ group (p < 0.05) which was associated with a reduction in supine resting systolic blood pressure in BRJ group. Arterial compliance also improved during aerobic exercise training in both the HFpEF and the HTN patients for both BRJ and placebo groups. Future work is needed to determine if larger nitrate doses would provide an added benefit to supervised aerobic exercise in HTN and HFpEF patients.
Published: 2016

39. How We Bettered Our Teaching

Author: HAWFIELD, S. G.
Published: 1937

40. Chronic Kidney Disease Classification in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial: Comparison Using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration Definitions

Author: Kent Kirchner, Arlene B. Chapman, Jing Chen, Jerry Yee, Cora E. Lewis, Barry I. Freedman, Anthony A. Killeen, Barry M. Wall, Jeffrey A. Cutler, Amret T. Hawfield, Eric Judd, Michael V. Rocco, Matthew Diamond, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Debbie L. Cohen, and Glenn M. Chertow
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030232 urology & nephrology, Renal function, Blood Pressure, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, urologic and male genital diseases, Kidney Function Tests, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Intervention trial, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Intensive care medicine, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, business.industry, Age Factors, Blood Pressure Determination, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Clinical trial, Blood pressure, Nephrology, Female, business, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Background: Interventional trials have used either the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD)-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for determination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to define whether participants have stages 3-5 CKD. The equation used to calculate eGFR may influence the number and characteristics of participants designated as having CKD. Methods: We examined the classification of CKD at baseline using both equations in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). eGFR was calculated at baseline using fasting serum creatinine values from a central laboratory. Results: Among 9,308 participants with baseline CKD classification using the 4-variable MDRD equation specified in the SPRINT protocol, 681 (7.3%) participants were reclassified to a less advanced CKD stage (higher eGFR) and 346 (3.7%) were reclassified to a more advanced CKD stage (lower eGFR) when the CKD-EPI equation was used to calculate eGFR. For eGFRs 2, participants 2) occurred in 3% of participants. Conclusions: Use of the MDRD equation led to a higher percentage of participants being classified as having CKD stages 3-4. Younger and non-black participants were more likely to be reclassified as not having CKD using the CKD-EPI equation.
Published: 2016

41. Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Jeff Whittle, Joachim H. Ix, John B. Kostis, Ruth C. Campbell, Christianne L. Roumie, Virginia G. Wadley, Ronald I. Shorr, William E. Haley, Paul K. Whelton, Glenn M. Chertow, Suzanne Oparil, Marie Krousel-Wood, Dan R. Berlowitz, Kaycee M. Sink, Lenore J. Launer, Nancy Woolard, Nicholas M. Pajewski, William B. Applegate, Mark A. Supiano, Amret T. Hawfield, Larry J. Fine, Jackson T. Wright, Dalane W. Kitzman, Jeff D. Williamson, and Carlos J. Rodriguez
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Acute decompensated heart failure, Myocardial Infarction, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Cause of Death, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Antihypertensive Agents, Cause of death, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Heart Failure, business.industry, Standard treatment, Hazard ratio, Blood Pressure Determination, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Blood pressure, Hypertension, Female, business
Abstract: Importance The appropriate treatment target for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in older patients with hypertension remains uncertain. Objective To evaluate the effects of intensive ( Design, Setting, and Participants A multicenter, randomized clinical trial of patients aged 75 years or older who participated in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Recruitment began on October 20, 2010, and follow-up ended on August 20, 2015. Interventions Participants were randomized to an SBP target of less than 120 mm Hg (intensive treatment group, n = 1317) or an SBP target of less than 140 mm Hg (standard treatment group, n = 1319). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary cardiovascular disease outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in a myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and death from cardiovascular causes. All-cause mortality was a secondary outcome. Results Among 2636 participants (mean age, 79.9 years; 37.9% women), 2510 (95.2%) provided complete follow-up data. At a median follow-up of 3.14 years, there was a significantly lower rate of the primary composite outcome (102 events in the intensive treatment group vs 148 events in the standard treatment group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.51-0.85]) and all-cause mortality (73 deaths vs 107 deaths, respectively; HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.49-0.91]). The overall rate of serious adverse events was not different between treatment groups (48.4% in the intensive treatment group vs 48.3% in the standard treatment group; HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.89-1.11]). Absolute rates of hypotension were 2.4% in the intensive treatment group vs 1.4% in the standard treatment group (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 0.97-3.09]), 3.0% vs 2.4%, respectively, for syncope (HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.76-2.00]), 4.0% vs 2.7% for electrolyte abnormalities (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 0.99-2.33]), 5.5% vs 4.0% for acute kidney injury (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.98-2.04]), and 4.9% vs 5.5% for injurious falls (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.65-1.29]). Conclusions and Relevance Among ambulatory adults aged 75 years or older, treating to an SBP target of less than 120 mm Hg compared with an SBP target of less than 140 mm Hg resulted in significantly lower rates of fatal and nonfatal major cardiovascular events and death from any cause. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01206062
Published: 2016

42. Preeclampsia and Risk for Subsequent ESRD in Populations of European Ancestry

Author: Barry I. Freedman and Amret T. Hawfield
Subjects: Transplantation, Epidemiology, business.industry, Original Articles, Disease, urologic and male genital diseases, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Preeclampsia, Pathogenesis, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Nephrology, embryonic structures, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Medicine, Female, Microalbuminuria, business, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract: Several recent studies reveal the link between preeclampsia and future development of ESRD, CKD, and microalbuminuria ([1][1]–[3][2]). Preeclampsia is also associated with the subsequent development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) ([4][3]–[6][4]). Whether the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Published: 2012
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43. Abstract 462: Effect of Adding Beet Root Juice to Exercise on Physical Performance and Cardiovascular Measures in Old Hypertensive Subjects

Author: Hossam A Shaltout, Anthony P Marsh, Paul Laurienti, Swati Basu, Cassandra C Klebous, Nicole Kus, Ashley Morgan, Patricia C DosSantos, James L Norris, Gary Miller, Jack Rejeski, Amret T Hawfield, Debra I Diz, and Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
Subjects: Internal Medicine
Abstract: Hypertension and diminished blood flow to muscles and brain are common problems for the elderly that may lead to impaired cognition and physical performance and poor cardiovascular outcomes. Exercise improves blood pressure and brain blood flow. Thus, any intervention that can improve exercise effects in hypertensive individuals may have beneficial effects. High nitrate containing beetroot juice (BRJ) has been demonstrated to increase exercise tolerance and improve blood flow to working muscles. In this study we examined the effect of adding BRJ to an exercise regimen on exercise performance and cardiovascular measures in old subjects. Participant (n=26; mean age=65 yrs, range 57-77) with controlled hypertension (on 2 or more medications) were assigned to either exercise with BRJ+nitrate (BRJ+) (n=13, 6F) or BRJ-nitrate placebo drink (Placebo) (n=13, 7F). The exercise intervention was a 6-week treadmill walking program of self-paced. Participants walked 3 times per week for a maximum of 50 minutes per session. Participants also consumed 140 ml BRJ+ nitrate or BRJ-nitrate daily for 6 weeks. There were no differences between groups in mean VO 2 max at the beginning of study (placebo = 19.4 ± 0.5 ml O 2 /kg/min; BRJ = 19.4 ± 0.5 ml O 2 /kg/min) and change VO 2 max by the end of the intervention (increase of 1.15 ml O 2 /kg/min in placebo vs 0.9 ml O 2 /kg/min in BRJ+). There were no differences between groups in 24 hour ambulatory mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate at the beginning of study. Heart rate and MAP showed similar reductions in both groups (4 beats/min for heart rate and 5 mm Hg for MAP). Similarly total arterial compliance was improved in both groups (placebo from 15.1 ± 3.7 ml/mm Hg to 18.3 ± 4.8, p = 0.02; BRJ+ from 18.3 ± 5.0 to 20.5 ± 3.9 ml/mm Hg; p = 0.04). There was no additional benefit of BRJ+ in the cardiovascular measures above that seen with exercise alone. In summary, in this cohort of controlled hypertensive elderly, addition of BRJ with nitrate to exercise has no additional benefits on physical performance or cardiovascular function. Further studies are warranted in different cohorts such as drug naïve or uncontrolled hypertensive to further characterize any possible benefits of BRJ. Support from WFU Translational Science Center
Published: 2014
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44. The origins of the magnet wire industry in America

Author: M.C. Hawfield
Subjects: Magnet wire, Engineering, business.industry, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, engineering.material, business, Manufacturing engineering, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: It is difficult to overemphasize the importance of magnet wire for modern technology and our everyday life. This paper examines the development of insulating wire and the history of its manufacture in the USA.
Published: 1999
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45. Angiogenic factors in superimposed preeclampsia: a longitudinal study of women with chronic hypertension during pregnancy

Author: Uma Perni, Cristina Sison, Geri Helseth, Vijay K. Sharma, Manikkam Suthanthiran, Amret T. Hawfield, and Phyllis August
Subjects: Placental growth factor, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, Blood Pressure, Gestational Age, Article, Preeclampsia, Calcium Carbonate, Pathogenesis, Double-Blind Method, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, reproductive and urinary physiology, Superimposed preeclampsia, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Pregnancy Outcome, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Endocrinology, Treatment Outcome, embryonic structures, Chronic Disease, Hypertension, Gestation, Angiogenesis Inducing Agents, Female, Antacids, business, Tyrosine kinase, Biomarkers, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Imbalances in circulating angiogenic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. To characterize levels of angiogenic factors in pregnant women with chronic hypertension, we prospectively followed 109 women and measured soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), soluble endoglin, and placental growth factor at 12, 20, 28, and 36 weeks' gestation and postpartum. Superimposed preeclampsia developed in 37 (34%) and was early onset (P =0.001) or who developed late-onset preeclampsia ( P =0.001). Circulating levels of sFlt1, soluble endoglin, and the ratio of sFlt1:placental growth factor were also significantly higher, and placental growth factor levels were significantly lower at the time of clinical diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia in women with either early or late-onset superimposed preeclampsia compared with levels at similar gestational ages in those with uncomplicated chronic hypertension. We conclude that alterations in angiogenic factors are detectable before and at the time of clinical diagnosis of early onset superimposed preeclampsia, whereas alterations were observed only at the time of diagnosis in women with late-onset superimposed preeclampsia. Longitudinal measurements of angiogenic factors may help anticipate early onset superimposed preeclampsia and facilitate diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia in women with chronic hypertension.
Published: 2012

46. Pre-eclampsia: the pivotal role of the placenta in its pathophysiology and markers for early detection

Author: Barry I. Freedman and Amret T. Hawfield
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Galectins, Placenta, Early detection, Receptors, Cell Surface, Disease, Pregnancy Proteins, Article, Pre-Eclampsia, Antigens, CD, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Angiogenic Proteins, Intensive care medicine, reproductive and urinary physiology, Autoantibodies, Eclampsia, business.industry, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Endoglin, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Placentation, Serum Amyloid P-Component, medicine.anatomical_structure, C-Reactive Protein, Early Diagnosis, Immunology, embryonic structures, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Pre-eclampsia is the second leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Infants born to affected mothers face a five-fold increase in death rate [Lain and Roberts 2002; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute 2001]. Although pre-eclampsia has been recognized by physicians for millennia, relatively little is known about its pathogenesis or prevention. Predicting its development is often extremely difficult, perhaps leading the Greeks to use the name 'eklampsis' meaning lightening. Recent studies provide novel insights into the role of the placenta in the development of pre-eclampsia and demonstrate novel markers to assist in predicting the onset of disease and potential therapeutic targets. Following an introduction which highlights the classification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and defines incidence and adverse outcomes of pre-eclampsia, this manuscript will discuss the role of the placenta in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia and recent markers that may predict its onset.
Published: 2008

47. Abstract 462: Effect of Adding Beet Root Juice to Exercise on Physical Performance and Cardiovascular Measures in Old Hypertensive Subjects

Author: Shaltout, Hossam A, primary, Marsh, Anthony P, additional, Laurienti, Paul, additional, Basu, Swati, additional, Klebous, Cassandra C, additional, Kus, Nicole, additional, Morgan, Ashley, additional, DosSantos, Patricia C, additional, Norris, James L, additional, Miller, Gary, additional, Rejeski, Jack, additional, Hawfield, Amret T, additional, Diz, Debra I, additional, and Kim-Shapiro, Daniel B, additional
Published: 2014
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48. Modifiable risk factors for sudden death in dialysis patients

Author: Amret T. Hawfield and Anthony J. Bleyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, Disease, Dialysis patients, Sudden death, Clinical Practice, Nephrology, medicine, In patient, Intensive care medicine, business, Dialysis
Abstract: Sudden death is very common in patients on dialysis, and identifying factors that may lower the risk of sudden death could improve survival of these patients. A recent international comparison of sudden death rates by Jadoul and colleagues gives us insight into how our clinical practice might affect rates of sudden death in dialysis patients.
Published: 2012
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49. Chronic Kidney Disease Classification in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial: Comparison Using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration Definitions.

Author: Rocco, Michael V., Chapman, arlene, Chertow, Glenn M., Cohen, Debbie, Chen, Jing, Cutler, Jeffrey a., Diamond, Matthew J., Freedman, Barry I., Hawfield, amret, Judd, Eric, Killeen, anthony a., Kirchner, Kent, Lewis, Cora E., Pajewski, Nicholas M., Wall, Barry M., Yee, Jerry, and SPRINT Research Group
Subjects: ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents, AGE distribution, BLOOD pressure, BLOOD pressure measurement, CHRONIC kidney failure, COMPARATIVE studies, GLOMERULAR filtration rate, KIDNEY function tests, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, RESEARCH, RESEARCH funding, EVALUATION research, RANDOMIZED controlled trials
Abstract: Background: Interventional trials have used either the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD)-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for determination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to define whether participants have stages 3-5 CKD. The equation used to calculate eGFR may influence the number and characteristics of participants designated as having CKD.Methods: We examined the classification of CKD at baseline using both equations in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). eGFR was calculated at baseline using fasting serum creatinine values from a central laboratory.Results: Among 9,308 participants with baseline CKD classification using the 4-variable MDRD equation specified in the SPRINT protocol, 681 (7.3%) participants were reclassified to a less advanced CKD stage (higher eGFR) and 346 (3.7%) were reclassified to a more advanced CKD stage (lower eGFR) when the CKD-EPI equation was used to calculate eGFR. For eGFRs <90 ml/min/1.73 m2, participants <75 years were more likely to be reclassified to a less advanced CKD stage; this reclassification was more likely to occur in non-blacks rather than blacks. Participants aged ≥75 years were more likely to be reclassified to a more advanced than a less advanced CKD stage, regardless of baseline CKD stage. Reclassification of baseline CKD status (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) occurred in 3% of participants.Conclusions: Use of the MDRD equation led to a higher percentage of participants being classified as having CKD stages 3-4. Younger and non-black participants were more likely to be reclassified as not having CKD using the CKD-EPI equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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50. Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: Williamson, Jeff D., Supiano, Mark A., Applegate, William B., Berlowitz, Dan R., Campbell, Ruth C., Chertow, Glenn M., Fine, Larry J., Haley, William E., Hawfield, Amret T., Ix, Joachim H., Kitzman, Dalane W., Kostis, John B., Krousel-Wood, Marie A., Launer, Lenore J., Oparil, Suzanne, Rodriguez, Carlos J., Roumie, Christianne L., Shorr, Ronald I., Sink, Kaycee M., and Wadley, Virginia G.
Subjects: ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents, MYOCARDIAL infarction-related mortality, BLOOD pressure, BLOOD pressure measurement, COMPARATIVE studies, CAUSES of death, HEART failure, HYPERTENSION, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, RESEARCH, RESEARCH funding, EVALUATION research, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, ACUTE coronary syndrome, DISEASE complications
Abstract: Importance: The appropriate treatment target for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in older patients with hypertension remains uncertain.Objective: To evaluate the effects of intensive (<120 mm Hg) compared with standard (<140 mm Hg) SBP targets in persons aged 75 years or older with hypertension but without diabetes.Design, Setting, and Participants: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial of patients aged 75 years or older who participated in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Recruitment began on October 20, 2010, and follow-up ended on August 20, 2015.Interventions: Participants were randomized to an SBP target of less than 120 mm Hg (intensive treatment group, n = 1317) or an SBP target of less than 140 mm Hg (standard treatment group, n = 1319).Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary cardiovascular disease outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in a myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and death from cardiovascular causes. All-cause mortality was a secondary outcome.Results: Among 2636 participants (mean age, 79.9 years; 37.9% women), 2510 (95.2%) provided complete follow-up data. At a median follow-up of 3.14 years, there was a significantly lower rate of the primary composite outcome (102 events in the intensive treatment group vs 148 events in the standard treatment group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.51-0.85]) and all-cause mortality (73 deaths vs 107 deaths, respectively; HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.49-0.91]). The overall rate of serious adverse events was not different between treatment groups (48.4% in the intensive treatment group vs 48.3% in the standard treatment group; HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.89-1.11]). Absolute rates of hypotension were 2.4% in the intensive treatment group vs 1.4% in the standard treatment group (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 0.97-3.09]), 3.0% vs 2.4%, respectively, for syncope (HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.76-2.00]), 4.0% vs 2.7% for electrolyte abnormalities (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 0.99-2.33]), 5.5% vs 4.0% for acute kidney injury (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.98-2.04]), and 4.9% vs 5.5% for injurious falls (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.65-1.29]).Conclusions and Relevance: Among ambulatory adults aged 75 years or older, treating to an SBP target of less than 120 mm Hg compared with an SBP target of less than 140 mm Hg resulted in significantly lower rates of fatal and nonfatal major cardiovascular events and death from any cause.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01206062. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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