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INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of local administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) through lateral osteotomy line on postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis. MATERIALMETHOD Thirty patients underwent open technical septorhinoplasty were included. Before lateral osteotomies, the surgeon opened narrow subperiosteal tunnels on the both sides. After lateral osteotomies, the surgeon irrigated TXA into the right tunnel with the broken tip of the injection and the same amount of saline into the left tunnel. The patient's photographs were taken on the first, third, and seventh postoperative days. Periorbital edema and ecchymoses were evaluated by the blinded author. The statistical differences between the 2 sides were analyzed. RESULTS Lower Eyelid Edema values were significantly lower in the TXA(+) group than the TXA(-) group on the third day (P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the sides in terms of lower eyelid edema values on the first and seventh days (P = 0.065, P = 0.317). Upper and lower eyelid ecchymosis values were significantly lower in TXA(+) group than TXA(-) group on the first, third, and seventh days (P

WOS: 000331847900009, PubMed ID: 24124897, Objective: To investigate perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic voice parameters in obese individuals. Methods: Twenty obese and 20 normal-weight volunteers underwent voice evaluation by laryngoscopy, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic measurement and perceptual analysis (using the grade-roughness-breathiness-asthenia-strain ('GRBAS') scale and the Voice Handicap Index 10 scale). Data from both subject groups were compared. Results: No difference was found in acoustic analysis parameters between the two groups (p > 0.05). Maximum phonation time in the obese group (mean +/- standard deviation, 19.6 +/- 4.9 seconds) was significantly shorter than in controls (26.4 +/- 4.1 seconds) (p < 0.001), although the s/z ratio was very similar between the two groups. In the obese and control groups, the mean +/- standard deviation grade-roughness-breathiness-asthenia-strain scores were 1 +/- 1.3 and 0.2 +/- 0.6 (p = 0.002) and the mean +/- standard deviation Voice Handicap Index 10 scores were 0.5 +/- 1.2 and 1.2 +/- 1.7 (p = 0.27), respectively. Conclusion: Obese individuals had poorer vocal quality as judged by the grade-roughness-breathiness-asthenia-strain scale, and reduced maximum phonation time. However, there was no change in voice quality as assessed by acoustic analysis and Vocal Handicap Index 10 score, compared with controls.

Objective To investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM, and salivary IgA concentrations. Methods Blood and saliva samples were collected one week before and during the last week of Ramadan from healthy male volunteers. Albumin, total lymphocyte count, electrolytes, and IgG and IgM concentrations were determined in serum; salivary IgA concentrations were measured. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded. Results Samples were collected from 35 subjects (mean age 35.86 years, range 20–59 years). Weight, body mass index, albumin levels and the nutritional risk index decreased significantly during Ramadan fasting compared with before fasting. In addition, Na+ and Cl− electrolyte levels were significantly decreased during Ramadan. Serum IgG concentrations decreased significantly during Ramadan compared with before fasting, but were still within the normal range. Salivary IgA concentrations also decreased significantly, whereas serum IgM levels did not change. Lymphocyte numbers increased significantly, but there was no correlation between Ig levels and lymphocyte count. Conclusion Ramadan fasting did not result in severe immunological disturbances.

Introduction: Topical nasal corticosteroids have been reported to be an effective nonsurgical alternative treatment to control nasal symptoms related to adenoid hypertrophy, but not in all patients. The current study investigates the bacteriology of adenoids in children with non-reduced adenoid size despite mometasone furoate (MMF) administration. Methods: The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the MMF-administered group and the non-MMF administered group (N-MMFA) afterwards, the MMFadministered group was classified into subgroups according to endoscopic grading as reduced and non-reduced adenoid size. N-MMFA and MMF-administered with non-reduced adenoid size groups (MMF-A/N-RAS) underwent adenoidectomy and the deep bacterial flora of adenoid core specimens taken from these patients were cultured. Results: No significant differences were detected in terms of the mean number of organisms isolated per patient in MMF-administered but non-reduced adenoid size group and non-MMF administered group. On the other hand, the variety of bacterial species was decreased in MMFadministered but non-reduced adenoid size group when compared to non-MMF administered group. The study groups did not differ in the occurrence of semi quantitative growth. This study demonstrates that MMF has no significant effect on reducing the bacterial load of adenoids in children with MMF-A/N-RAS.

Although numerous studies based on the bacteriology of the tonsil have been carried out, none of them analyzed the variation of tonsillar flora with respect to both age and tonsillar size. The purpose of this study was to isolate the facultative and obligate anaerobes both from the surface and the core of tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis as well as to analyze the variation of isolated bacterial strains according to age and tonsillar size. A prospective study was performed on 111 patients who underwent tonsillectomy. We analyzed the differences between the bacterial pathogens in recurrent tonsillitis and semi-growth estimates with regard to age and tonsillar grade. Among 111 cases, 604 bacterial strains of 21 different from the tonsil superficial and core were isolated. The most common facultative anaerobic species isolated from the surface and core were Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Alpha-hemolytic streptococci and Diphtheroid bacilli in all subgroups except patients below 8 years old. The most commonly obligate anaerobic species isolated from the core were Propionibacterium acnes, Prevotella melaninogenica and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. We found no significant difference in the cultured bacteria with respect to age and tonsillar size. The study subgroups did not differ in the occurrence of semiquantitative growth estimates of 3–4+. Our study demonstrates that there is polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic flora in tonsils with regardless of patient’s age and tonsillar size. This polymicrobial spectrum of bacteria may contribute to recurrence and to the failure of conservative treatment of these cases and therefore leads to surgical therapy.