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403 results on '"Hauglustaine, D."'

1. The impact of traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH: results from QUANTIFY

Author

Hoor, P., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Caro, D., Dessens, O., Endresen, O., Gauss, M., Grewe, V., Hauglustaine, D., Isaksen, I. S. A, Jockel, P., Lelieveld, J., Myhre, G., Meijer, E., Olivie, D., Prather, M., Schnadt Poberaj, C., Shine, K. P, Staehelin, J., Tang, Q., van Aardenne, J., van Velthoven, P., and Sausen, R.

Subjects
aircraft nox emissions, general-circulation model, chemical-transport model, tropospheric ozone, nitrogen-oxides, heterogeneous chemistry, nonmethane hydrocarbons, technical note, climate model, mozaic data
Abstract

To estimate the impact of emissions by road, aircraft and ship traffic on ozone and OH in the present-day atmosphere six different atmospheric chemistry models have been used. Based on newly developed global emission inventories for road, ship and aircraft emission data sets each model performed sensitivity simulations reducing the emissions of each transport sector by 5%. The model results indicate that on global annual average lower tropospheric ozone responds most sensitive to ship emissions (50.6%±10.9% of the total traffic induced perturbation), followed by road (36.7%±9.3%) and aircraft exhausts (12.7%±2.9%), respectively. In the northern upper troposphere between 200–300 hPa at 30–60° N the maximum impact from road and ship are 93% and 73% of the maximum effect of aircraft, respectively. The latter is 0.185 ppbv for ozone (for the 5% case) or 3.69 ppbv when scaling to 100%. On the global average the impact of road even dominates in the UTLS-region. The sensitivity of ozone formation per NOx molecule emitted is highest for aircraft exhausts. The local maximum effect of the summed traffic emissions on the ozone column predicted by the models is 0.2 DU and occurs over the northern subtropical Atlantic extending to central Europe. Below 800 hPa both ozone and OH respond most sensitively to ship emissions in the marine lower troposphere over the Atlantic. Based on the 5% perturbation the effect on ozone can exceed 0.6% close to the marine surface (global zonal mean) which is 80% of the total traffic induced ozone perturbation. In the southern hemisphere ship emissions contribute relatively strongly to the total ozone perturbation by 60%–80% throughout the year. Methane lifetime changes against OH are affected strongest by ship emissions up to 0.21 (± 0.05)%, followed by road (0.08 (±0.01)%) and air traffic (0.05 (± 0.02)%).Based on the full scale ozone and methane perturbations positive radiative forcings were calculated for road emissions (7.3±6.2 mWm−2) and for aviation (2.9±2.3 mWm−2). Ship induced methane lifetime changes dominate over the ozone forcing and therefore lead to a net negative forcing (−25.5±13.2 mWm−2).

Published
2009

2. Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes

Author

Shindell, D. T, Faluvegi, G., Stevenson, D. S, Krol, M. C, Emmons, L. K, Lamarque, J.-F., Pétron, G., Dentener, F. J, Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G, Wild, O., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S, Bergmann, D. J, Bey, I., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Collins, W. J, Derwent, R. G, Doherty, R. M, Drevet, J., Eskes, H. J, Fiore, A. M, Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A, Horowitz, L. W, Isaksen, I. S. A, Lawrence, M. G, Montanaro, V., Müller, J.-F., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J, Pyle, J. A, Rast, S., Rodriguez, J. M, Sanderson, M. G, Savage, N. H, Strahan, S. E, Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Unger, N., van Noije, T. P. C, and Zeng, G.

Subjects
air quality, atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric pollution, biomass burning, carbon monoxide, climate change, hydrocarbon, hydroxyl radical, Northern Hemisphere, observational method, satellite imagery, simulation, volatile organic compound
Abstract

We analyze present-day and future carbon monoxide (CO) simulations in 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models run to study future air quality and climate change. In comparison with near-global satellite observations from the MOPITT instrument and local surface measurements, the models show large underestimates of Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical CO, while typically performing reasonably well elsewhere. The results suggest that year-round emissions, probably from fossil fuel burning in east Asia and seasonal biomass burning emissions in south-central Africa, are greatly underestimated in current inventories such as IIASA and EDGAR3.2. Variability among models is large, likely resulting primarily from intermodel differences in representations and emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and in hydrologic cycles, which affect OH and soluble hydrocarbon intermediates. Global mean projections of the 2030 CO response to emissions changes are quite robust. Global mean midtropospheric (500 hPa) CO increases by 12.6 ± 3.5 ppbv (16%) for the high-emissions (A2) scenario, by 1.7 ± 1.8 ppbv (2%) for the midrange (CLE) scenario, and decreases by 8.1 ± 2.3 ppbv (11%) for the low-emissions (MFR) scenario. Projected 2030 climate changes decrease global 500 hPa CO by 1.4 ± 1.4 ppbv. Local changes can be much larger. In response to climate change, substantial effects are seen in the tropics, but intermodel variability is quite large. The regional CO responses to emissions changes are robust across models, however. These range from decreases of 10–20 ppbv over much of the industrialized NH for the CLE scenario to CO increases worldwide and year-round under A2, with the largest changes over central Africa (20–30 ppbv), southern Brazil (20–35 ppbv) and south and east Asia (30–70 ppbv). The trajectory of future emissions thus has the potential to profoundly affect air quality over most of the world's populated areas.

Published
2006

3. Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000

Author

van Noije, T. P. C, Eskes, H. J, Dentener, F. J, Stevenson, D. S, Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G, Wild, O., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S, Bergmann, D. J, Bey, I., Boersma, K. F, Butler, T., Cofala, J., Drevet, J., Fiore, A. M, Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A, Horowitz, L. W, Isaksen, I. S. A, Krol, M. C, Lamarque, J.-F., Lawrence, M. G, Martin, R. V, Montanaro, V., Muller, J.-F., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J, Pyle, J. A, Richter, A., Rodriguez, J. M, Savage, N. H, Strahan, S. E, Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and van Roozendael, M.

Subjects
anthropogenic source, biomass burning, comparative study, ERS-2, GOME, nitrous oxide, sampling bias, timescale, troposphere
Abstract

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the year 2000. The models used constant anthropogenic emissions from IIASA/EDGAR3.2 and monthly emissions from biomass burning based on the 1997–2002 average carbon emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Model output is analyzed at 10:30 local time, close to the overpass time of the ERS-2 satellite, and collocated with the measurements to account for sampling biases due to incomplete spatiotemporal coverage of the instrument. We assessed the importance of different contributions to the sampling bias: correlations on seasonal time scale give rise to a positive bias of 30–50% in the retrieved annual means over regions dominated by emissions from biomass burning. Over the industrial regions of the eastern United States, Europe and eastern China the retrieved annual means have a negative bias with significant contributions (between –25% and +10% of the NO2 column) resulting from correlations on time scales from a day to a month. We present global maps of modeled and retrieved annual mean NO2 column densities, together with the corresponding ensemble means and standard deviations for models and retrievals. The spatial correlation between the individual models and retrievals are high, typically in the range 0.81–0.93 after smoothing the data to a common resolution. On average the models underestimate the retrievals in industrial regions, especially over eastern China and over the Highveld region of South Africa, and overestimate the retrievals in regions dominated by biomass burning during the dry season. The discrepancy over South America south of the Amazon disappears when we use the GFED emissions specific to the year 2000. The seasonal cycle is analyzed in detail for eight different continental regions. Over regions dominated by biomass burning, the timing of the seasonal cycle is generally well reproduced by the models. However, over Central Africa south of the Equator the models peak one to two months earlier than the retrievals. We further evaluate a recent proposal to reduce the NOx emission factors for savanna fires by 40% and find that this leads to an improvement of the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over the biomass burning regions of Northern and Central Africa. In these regions the models tend to underestimate the retrievals during the wet season, suggesting that the soil emissions are higher than assumed in the models. In general, the discrepancies between models and retrievals cannot be explained by a priori profile assumptions made in the retrievals, neither by diurnal variations in anthropogenic emissions, which lead to a marginal reduction of the NO2 abundance at 10:30 local time (by 2.5–4.1% over Europe). Overall, there are significant differences among the various models and, in particular, among the three retrievals. The discrepancies among the retrievals (10–50% in the annual mean over polluted regions) indicate that the previously estimated retrieval uncertainties have a large systematic component. Our findings imply that top-down estimations of NOx emissions from satellite retrievals of tropospheric NO2 are strongly dependent on the choice of model and retrieval.

Published
2006

4. Radiative forcing since preindustrial times due to ozone change in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere

Author

Gauss, M., Myhre, G., Isaksen, I. S. A, Grewe, V., Pitari, G., Wild, O., Collins, W. J, Dentener, F. J, Ellingsen, K., Gohar, L. K, Hauglustaine, D. A, Iachetti, D., Lamarque, F., Mancini, E., Mickley, L. J, Prather, M. J, Pyle, J. A, Sanderson, M. G, Shine, K. P, Stevenson, D. S, Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and Zeng, G.

Subjects
anthropogenic source, climate change, ozone, radiative forcing, stratosphere, troposphere
Abstract

Changes in atmospheric ozone have occurred since the preindustrial era as a result of increasing anthropogenic emissions. Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, ozone changes between 1850 and 2000 are assessed for the troposphere and the lower stratosphere (up to 30 km) by a variety of seven chemistry-climate models and three chemical transport models. The modeled ozone changes are taken as input for detailed calculations of radiative forcing.When only changes in chemistry are considered (constant climate) the modeled global-mean tropospheric ozone column increase since preindustrial times ranges from 7.9 DU to 13.8 DU among the ten participating models, while the stratospheric column reduction lies between 14.1 DU and 28.6 DU in the models considering stratospheric chemistry. The resulting radiative forcing is strongly dependent on the location and altitude of the modeled ozone change and varies between 0.25 Wm−2 and 0.45 Wm−2 due to ozone change in the troposphere and −0.123 Wm−2 and +0.066 Wm−2 due to the stratospheric ozone change.Changes in ozone and other greenhouse gases since preindustrial times have altered climate. Six out of the ten participating models have performed an additional calculation taking into account both chemical and climate change. In most models the isolated effect of climate change is an enhancement of the tropospheric ozone column increase, while the stratospheric reduction becomes slightly less severe. In the three climate-chemistry models with detailed tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry the inclusion of climate change increases the resulting radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone change by up to 0.10 Wm−2, while the radiative forcing due to stratospheric ozone change is reduced by up to 0.034 Wm−2.Considering tropospheric and stratospheric change combined, the total ozone column change is negative while the resulting net radiative forcing is positive.

Published
2006

5. Assessing future nitrogen deposition and carbon cycle feedback using a multimodel approach: Analysis of nitrogen deposition

Author

Lamarque, J.-F., Kiehl, J. T., Brasseur, G. P., Butler, T., Cameron-Smith, P., Collins, W. D., Collins, W. J., Granier, C., Hauglustaine, D., Hess, P. G., Holland, E. A., Horowitz, L., Lawrence, M. G., McKenna, D., Rasch, P. J., Rotman, D., Merilees, P., Prather, M. J., Shindell, D., and Thornton, P.

Subjects
atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric deposition, nitrogen
Abstract

n this study, we present the results of nitrogen deposition on land from a set of 29 simulations from six different tropospheric chemistry models pertaining to present-day and 2100 conditions. Nitrogen deposition refers here to the deposition (wet and dry) of all nitrogen-containing gas phase chemical species resulting from NOx (NO + NO2) emissions. We show that under the assumed IPCC SRES A2 scenario the global annual average nitrogen deposition over land is expected to increase by a factor of ∼2.5, mostly because of the increase in nitrogen emissions. This will significantly expand the areas with annual average deposition exceeding 1 gN/m2/year. Using the results from all models, we have documented the strong linear relationship between models on the fraction of the nitrogen emissions that is deposited, regardless of the emissions (present day or 2100). On average, approximately 70% of the emitted nitrogen is deposited over the landmasses. For present-day conditions the results from this study suggest that the deposition over land ranges between 25 and 40 Tg(N)/year. By 2100, under the A2 scenario, the deposition over the continents is expected to range between 60 and 100 Tg(N)/year. Over forests the deposition is expected to increase from 10 Tg(N)/year to 20 Tg(N)/year. In 2100 the nitrogen deposition changes from changes in the climate account for much less than the changes from increased nitrogen emissions.

Published
2005

6. Fresh air in the 21st century?

Author

Prather, Michael, Gauss, M, Berntsen, T, Isaksen, I, Sundet, J, Bey, I, Brasseur, G, Dentener, F, Derwent, R, Stevenson, D, Grenfell, L, Hauglustaine, D, Horowitz, L, Jacob, D, Mickley, L, Lawrence, M, von Kuhlmann, R, Muller, J.-F., Pitari, G, Rogers, H, Johnson, M, van Weele, M, and Wild, O

Subjects
air quality, atmospheric pollution, ozone
Abstract

Two sets of sea surface temperature/sea ice changes are used to test the sensitivity of tracer transport to the pattern of warming in the doubled CO2 climate. One set (2CO2WT) has greater tropical and high latitude sea surface temperature changes than the other (2CO2), although both fall within the range of plausible response. Simulations were done both with and without interactive ozone. Results show that the SST pattern affects the circulation change throughout the troposphere and middle atmosphere; the ozone interaction affects primarily the upper stratosphere, but through wave-mean flow interaction has effects that extend down into the upper troposphere. Both experiments feature increased tropospheric/stratospheric exchange at low latitudes and greater vertical mixing within the troposphere; only the WT experiments result in increased interhemispheric transport and a more direct circulation in the high latitude stratosphere. Ozone increases in the upper stratosphere and decreases in the lower stratosphere in all the simulations, with greater transport of high latitude ozone into the troposphere in the WT runs. At sea level there is a more positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO)-type oscillation, and this is also true at 100 mbar, but there is no significance in the middle troposphere and the sign is different in the middle stratosphere. Many of these results differ from those generated in older versions of the GISS GCMAM despite the same SST forcing due to differences in control run characteristics, which has implications for model intercomparison experiments.

Published
2003

7. Radiative forcing in the 21st century due to ozone changes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere

Author

Gauss, M., Myhre, G., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J., Isaksen, I. S. A., Berntsen, T. K., Brasseur, G. P., Dentener, F. J., Derwent, R. G., Hauglustaine, D. A., Horowitz, L. W., Jacob, D. J., Johnson, M., Law, K. S., Mickley, L. J., Mueller, J.-F., Plantevin, P.-H., Pyle, J. A., Rogers, H. L., Stevenson, D. S., Sundet, J. K., van Weele, M., and Wilde, O.

Subjects
ozone, radiative forcing, stratosphere, troposphere
Abstract

Radiative forcing due to changes in ozone is expected for the 21st century. An assessment on changes in the tropospheric oxidative state through a model intercomparison (“OxComp”) was conducted for the IPCC Third Assessment Report (IPCC-TAR). OxComp estimated tropospheric changes in ozone and other oxidants during the 21st century based on the “SRES” A2p emission scenario. In this study we analyze the results of 11 chemical transport models (CTMs) that participated in OxComp and use them as input for detailed radiative forcing calculations. We also address future ozone recovery in the lower stratosphere and its impact on radiative forcing by applying two models that calculate both tropospheric and stratospheric changes. The results of OxComp suggest an increase in global-mean tropospheric ozone between 11.4 and 20.5 DU for the 21st century, representing the model uncertainty range for the A2p scenario. As the A2p scenario constitutes the worst case proposed in IPCC-TAR we consider these results as an upper estimate. The radiative transfer model yields a positive radiative forcing ranging from 0.40 to 0.78 W m−2 on a global and annual average. The lower stratosphere contributes an additional 7.5–9.3 DU to the calculated increase in the ozone column, increasing radiative forcing by 0.15–0.17 W m−2. The modeled radiative forcing depends on the height distribution and geographical pattern of predicted ozone changes and shows a distinct seasonal variation. Despite the large variations between the 11 participating models, the calculated range for normalized radiative forcing is within 25%, indicating the ability to scale radiative forcing to global-mean ozone column change.

Published
2003

14. Chemical Modeling

Author

Hov, Ø., Lelieveld, J., Brasseur, G., Fuglestvedt, J., Hauglustaine, D., Jonson, J. E., Karol, I., Ravishankara, A., Stordal, F., Wang, Wei-Chyung, editor, and Isaksen, Ivar S. A., editor

Published
1995
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17. Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: from CMIP3 to CMIP5

Author

Dufresne, J.-L., Foujols, M.-A., Denvil, S., Caubel, A., Marti, O., Aumont, O., Balkanski, Y., Bekki, S., Bellenger, H., Benshila, R., Bony, S., Bopp, L., Braconnot, P., Brockmann, P., Cadule, P., Cheruy, F., Codron, F., Cozic, A., Cugnet, D., de Noblet, N., Duvel, J.-P., Ethé, C., Fairhead, L., Fichefet, T., Flavoni, S., Friedlingstein, P., Grandpeix, J.-Y., Guez, L., Guilyardi, E., Hauglustaine, D., Hourdin, F., Idelkadi, A., Ghattas, J., Joussaume, S., Kageyama, M., Krinner, G., Labetoulle, S., Lahellec, A., Lefebvre, M.-P., Lefevre, F., Levy, C., Li, Z. X., Lloyd, J., Lott, F., Madec, G., Mancip, M., Marchand, M., Masson, S., Meurdesoif, Y., Mignot, J., Musat, I., Parouty, S., Polcher, J., Rio, C., Schulz, M., Swingedouw, D., Szopa, S., Talandier, C., Terray, P., Viovy, N., and Vuichard, N.

Published
2013
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18. H2020 STRATOFLY PROJECT: FROM EUROPE TO AUSTRALIA IN LESS THAN 3 HOURS

Author

Viola, N., Fusaro, Roberta, Ferretto, D., Gori, O., Saracoglu, Bayindir, Ispir, A.C., Schram, Christophe F., Grewe, Volker, Pletzer, Johannes, Martinez Schramm, Jan, Marini, Marco, Cutrone, L., Saccone, Guido, Hernandez, S, Lammers, K., Vincent, A., Hauglustaine, D., Liebhardt, Bernd, Linke, Florian, Bodmer, Daniel, Nilsson, Thommie, Fureby, C., and Ibron, Christian

Subjects
Technological challenges, Aircraft configurations, Economically viable, Aircraft, High-speed transportation, High Speed, High speed aircrafts, High-speed transportation, Technological Challenges, Environmental Sustainability, Australia, Propulsion, Flight route, Environmental impact, Greenhouse gases, Sustainable development, Climate change, Environmental sustainability, Aircraft fleets
Published
2021

19. STRATOFLY MR3 – how to reduce the environmental impact of high-speed transportation

Author

Viola, Nicole, Fusaro, Roberta, Gori, Oscar, Marini, Marco, Roncioni, Pietro, Saccone, Guido, Saracoglu, Bayindir, Ispir, Ali C., Fureby, Christer, Nilsson, Thommie, Ibron, Christian, Zettervall, N., Bates, K.N., Vincent, A., Martinez-Schramm, Jan, Grewe, Volker, Pletzer, Johannes, Hauglustaine, D., Linke, Florian, Bodmer, Daniel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali (CIRA ), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI), Lund University [Lund], Swedish Defence Research Agency [Stockholm] (FOI), DMPE, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Air Transportation Systems, and European Project: 769246,STRATOFLY

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Hypersonic transport, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Civil transport, Environmental impact, 0203 mechanical engineering, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Stratospheric flight, Environmental science, Environmental impact assessment, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Environmental planning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; This paper addresses the main progresses and achievements of the H2020 STRATOFLY Project, funded by the European Commission, under the Horizon 2020 framework, specifically looking at the latest results in terms of environmental sustainabil-ity. In particular, starting from reporting the main environmental challenges posed by high-speed civil transportation, at local, regional and global levels, this paper describes the way in which the STRATOFLY MR3 vehicle, a Mach 8 waverider fueled with liquid hy-drogen, promises to limit the overall environmental impact. In details, firstly, the paper de-scribes some of the main technological improvements adopted to reduce the aircraft emis-sion and then it reports about the status of the numerical and experimental test campaigns on the high-speed engine, showing the results achieved so far. This preliminary emission inventory allows for the evaluation of emission indexes throughout the mission profile, the verification of the compliance with the ICAO prescriptions, the estimation of the impact on air quality and climate and eventually, when necessary, the paper proposes adequate miti-gation actions.

Published
2021
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20. On the contribution of global aviation to the CO2 radiative forcing of climate

Author

Boucher, O., Borella, A., Gasser, T., Hauglustaine, D., Boucher, O., Borella, A., Gasser, T., and Hauglustaine, D.

Abstract

The aviation sector contributes to anthropogenic climate change through both CO2 and non-CO2 radiative effects. The CO2 effect is considered to be much more certain than the non-CO2 effects, yet there are relatively few studies that quantify it. Building on the scientific literature on burden sharing in the wake of the “Brazilian proposal”, we discuss how to best attribute a fraction of the CO2 radiative forcing to the aviation sector. For this we use the OSCAR compact Earth System model to estimate a contribution of aviation to the CO2 concentration of 2.18 ppm in 2018. We further estimate the aviation contribution to the 2018 CO2 radiative forcing to be 34.6, 32.6, 32.2 and 28.8 mW m−2 for the proportional, differential, time-sliced and marginal methods, respectively. The time-sliced method has our preference because it is invariant upon disaggregation or recombination and can differentiate the relative impacts of early and late emissions. It leads to a radiative forcing estimate that is 12% larger than the residual method that is commonly used despite not being additive. This work has implications on the total-to-CO2 RF ratio and the assessment of potential mitigation measures involving a trade-off between the CO2 and non-CO2 radiative effects of aviation.

Published
2021

21. Contribution of anthropogenic and natural sources to atmospheric methane variability

Author

Bousquet, P., Ciais, P., Miller, J. B., Dlugokencky, E. J., Hauglustaine, D. A., Prigent, C., Van der Werf, G. R., Peylin, P., Brunke, E.-G., Carouge, C., Langenfelds, R. L., Lathiere, J., Papa, F., Ramonet, M., Schmidt, M., Steele, L. P., Tyler, S. C., and White, J.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): P. Bousquet (corresponding author) [1, 2]; P. Ciais [1]; J. B. Miller [3, 4]; E. J. Dlugokencky [3]; D. A. Hauglustaine [1]; C. Prigent [5]; G. R. Van der [...]

Published
2006
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22. Radiative Forcing of the Direct Aerosol Effect from AeroCom Phase II Simulations

Author

Myhre, G, Samset, B. H, Schulz, M, Balkanski, Y, Bauer, S, Berntsen, T. K, Bian, H, Bellouin, N, Chin, M, Diehl, T, Easter, R. C, Feichter, J, Ghan, S. J, Hauglustaine, D, Iversen, T, Kinne, S, Kirkevag, A, Lamarque, J.-F, Lin, G, Liu, X, Lund, M. T, Luo, G, Ma, X, vanNoije, T, Penner, J. E, Rasch, P. J, Ruiz, A, Seland, O, Skeie, R. B, Stier, P, Takemura, T, Tsigaridis, K, Wang, P, Wang, Z, Xu, L, Yu, H, Yu, F, Yoon, J. -H, Zhang, K, Zhang, H, and Zhou, C

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 16 models have estimated the radiative forcing (RF) of the anthropogenic DAE, and have taken into account anthropogenic sulphate, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA) from fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass burning emissions. In addition several models have simulated the DAE of anthropogenic nitrate and anthropogenic influenced secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The model simulated all-sky RF of the DAE from total anthropogenic aerosols has a range from −0.58 to −0.02 W m(sup−2), with a mean of −0.27 W m(sup−2 for the 16 models. Several models did not include nitrate or SOA and modifying the estimate by accounting for this with information slightly strengthens the mean. Modifying the model estimates for missing aerosol components and for the time period 1750 to 2010 results in a mean RF for the DAE of −0.35 W m(sup−2). Compared to AeroCom Phase I (Schulz et al., 2006) we find very similar spreads in both total DAE and aerosol component RF. However, the RF of the total DAE is stronger negative and RF from BC from fossil fuel and biofuel emissions are stronger positive in the present study than in the previous AeroCom study.We find a tendency for models having a strong (positive) BC RF to also have strong (negative) sulphate or OA RF. This relationship leads to smaller uncertainty in the total RF of the DAE compared to the RF of the sum of the individual aerosol components. The spread in results for the individual aerosol components is substantial, and can be divided into diversities in burden, mass extinction coefficient (MEC), and normalized RF with respect to AOD. We find that these three factors give similar contributions to the spread in results

Published
2013
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28. Isoprene chemistry in pristine and polluted Amazon environments:Eulerian and Lagrangian model frameworks and the strong bearing they have on our understanding of surface ozone and predictions of rainforest exposure to this priority pollutant

Author

Levine, J. G., MacKenzie, Angus Robert, Squire, O. J., Archibald, A. T., Griffiths, P. T., Abraham, N. Luke, Pyle, John A., Oram, D. E., Forster, G., Brito, J. F., Lee, J. D., Hopkins, J. R., Lewis, A. C., Bauguitte, S. J. B., Demarco, C. F., Artaxo, P., Messina, P., Lathiere, Juliette Veronique, Hauglustaine, D. A., House, Emily Roseanne, Hewitt, C. N., and Nemitz, Eiko

Abstract

This study explores our ability to simulate the atmospheric chemistry stemming from isoprene emissions in pristine and polluted regions of the Amazon basin. We confront two atmospheric chemistry models – a global, Eulerian chemistry-climate model (UM-UKCA) and a trajectory-based Lagrangian model (CiTTyCAT) – with recent airborne measurements of atmospheric composition above the Amazon made during the SAMBBA campaign of 2012. The simulations with the two models prove relatively insensitive to the chemical mechanism employed; we explore one based on the Mainz Isoprene Mechanism, and an updated one that includes changes to the chemistry of first generation isoprene nitrates (ISON) and the regeneration of hydroxyl radicals via the formation of hydroperoxy-aldehydes (HPALDS) from hydroperoxy radicals (ISO2). In the Lagrangian model, the impact of increasing the spatial resolution of trace gas emissions employed from 3.75° × 2.5° to 0.1° × 0.1° varies from one flight to another, and from one chemical species to another. What consistently proves highly influential on our simulations, however, is the model framework itself – how the treatment of transport, and consequently mixing, differs between the two models. The lack of explicit mixing in the Lagrangian model yields variability in atmospheric composition more reminiscent of that exhibited by the measurements. In contrast, the combination of explicit (and implicit) mixing in the Eulerian model removes much of this variability but yields better agreement with the measurements overall. We therefore explore a simple treatment of mixing in the Lagrangian model that, drawing on output from the Eulerian model, offers a compromise between the two models. We use this Lagrangian/Eulerian combination, in addition to the separate Eulerian and Lagrangian models, to simulate ozone at a site in the boundary layer downwind of Manaus, Brazil. The Lagrangian/Eulerian combination predicts a value for an AOT40-like accumulated exposure metric of around 1000 ppbv h, compared to just 20 ppbv h with the Eulerian model. The model framework therefore has considerable bearing on our understanding of the frequency at which, and the duration for which, the rainforest is exposed to damaging ground-level ozone concentrations.

Published
2015

29. Earth observation science strategy for ESA: a new era for scientific advances and societal benefits

Author

O'Neill, A, Barber, D, Bauer, P, Dahlin, H, Diament, M, Hauglustaine, D, Le Traon, P-Y, Mattia, F, Mauser, W, Merchant, C, Pulliainen, J, Schaepman, Michael E, Visser, P, Antoine, D, Bojinski, Stephan, Carli, B, Chapron, B, Crevoisier, C, Ebbing, J, Johannessen, J, Lewis, P, Moreno, J, Pail, R, Remedios, J, Rott, H, Shepherd, A, University of Zurich, Rast, M, and Kern, M

Subjects
10122 Institute of Geography, 910 Geography & travel
Published
2015

30. ESA's Living Planet Programme: Scientific Acheivements and Future Challenges – Scientific Context of Earth Observation Science Strategy for ESA

Author

O'Neill, A, Barber, D, Bauer, P, Dahlin, H, Diament, M, Hauglustaine, D, Le Traon, P-Y, Mattia, F, Mauser, W, Merchant, C, Pulliainen, J, Schaepman, Michael E, Visser, P, Antoine, D, Bojinski, Stephan, Carli, B, Chapron, B, Crevoisier, C, Ebbing, J, Johannessen, J, Lewis, P, Moreno, J, Pail, R, Remedios, J, Rott, H, Shepherd, A, University of Zurich, Rast, M, and Kern, M

Subjects
10122 Institute of Geography, 910 Geography & travel
Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Development and evaluation of inca-indoor - role of nitrogen dioxide surface reaction in the balance of nitrous acid

Author

Mendez, M., Blond, N., Hauglustaine, D., Blondeau, P., Coralie Schoemaecker, Lebegue, P., Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

32. Experimental and modeling characterizations of indoor air quality in low energy public buildings in France - the MERMAID program

Author

Schoemaecker, C., Verriele, M., Hanoune, B., Petitprez, D., Leclerc, N., Dusanter, S., Le Calvé, S., Millet, M., Bernhardt, P., Mendez, M., Blond, N., Hauglustaine, D., Clappier, A., Blondeau, P., Abadie, Marc, Locoge, Nadine, Département S.A.G.E (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. Chemistry, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement (LaSIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

35. Isoprene chemistry in pristine and polluted Amazon environments : Eulerian and Lagrangian model frameworks and the strong bearing they have on our understanding of surface ozone and predictions of rainforest exposure to this priority pollutant

Author

Levine, J. G., MacKenzie, Angus Robert, Squire, O. J., Archibald, A. T., Griffiths, P. T., Abraham, N. Luke, Pyle, John A., Oram, D. E., Forster, G., Brito, J. F., Lee, J. D., Hopkins, J. R., Lewis, A. C., Bauguitte, S. J. B., Demarco, C. F., Artaxo, P., Messina, P., Lathiere, Juliette Veronique, Hauglustaine, D. A., House, Emily Roseanne, Hewitt, C. N., Nemitz, Eiko, Levine, J. G., MacKenzie, Angus Robert, Squire, O. J., Archibald, A. T., Griffiths, P. T., Abraham, N. Luke, Pyle, John A., Oram, D. E., Forster, G., Brito, J. F., Lee, J. D., Hopkins, J. R., Lewis, A. C., Bauguitte, S. J. B., Demarco, C. F., Artaxo, P., Messina, P., Lathiere, Juliette Veronique, Hauglustaine, D. A., House, Emily Roseanne, Hewitt, C. N., and Nemitz, Eiko

Abstract

This study explores our ability to simulate the atmospheric chemistry stemming from isoprene emissions in pristine and polluted regions of the Amazon basin. We confront two atmospheric chemistry models – a global, Eulerian chemistry-climate model (UM-UKCA) and a trajectory-based Lagrangian model (CiTTyCAT) – with recent airborne measurements of atmospheric composition above the Amazon made during the SAMBBA campaign of 2012. The simulations with the two models prove relatively insensitive to the chemical mechanism employed; we explore one based on the Mainz Isoprene Mechanism, and an updated one that includes changes to the chemistry of first generation isoprene nitrates (ISON) and the regeneration of hydroxyl radicals via the formation of hydroperoxy-aldehydes (HPALDS) from hydroperoxy radicals (ISO2). In the Lagrangian model, the impact of increasing the spatial resolution of trace gas emissions employed from 3.75° × 2.5° to 0.1° × 0.1° varies from one flight to another, and from one chemical species to another. What consistently proves highly influential on our simulations, however, is the model framework itself – how the treatment of transport, and consequently mixing, differs between the two models. The lack of explicit mixing in the Lagrangian model yields variability in atmospheric composition more reminiscent of that exhibited by the measurements. In contrast, the combination of explicit (and implicit) mixing in the Eulerian model removes much of this variability but yields better agreement with the measurements overall. We therefore explore a simple treatment of mixing in the Lagrangian model that, drawing on output from the Eulerian model, offers a compromise between the two models. We use this Lagrangian/Eulerian combination, in addition to the separate Eulerian and Lagrangian models, to simulate ozone at a site in the boundary layer downwind of Manaus, Brazil. The Lagrangian/Eulerian combination predicts a value for an AOT40-like accumulated exposure met

Published
2015

36. A multi-scale health impact assessment of air pollution over the 21st century

Author

Likhvar, V.N., Pascal, M., Markakis, K., Colette, A., Hauglustaine, D., Valari, M., Klimont, Z., Medina, S., Kinney, P., Likhvar, V.N., Pascal, M., Markakis, K., Colette, A., Hauglustaine, D., Valari, M., Klimont, Z., Medina, S., and Kinney, P.

Abstract

Ozone and PM2.5 are current risk factors for premature death all over the globe. In coming decades, substantial improvements in public health may be achieved by reducing air pollution. To better undertsand the potential of emissions policies, studies are needed that assess possible future health impacts under alternative assumptions about future emissions and climate across multiple spatial scales. We used consistent climate-air-quality-health modeling framework across three geographical scales (World, Europe and Ile-de-France) to assess future (2030-2050) health impacts of ozone and PM2.5 under two emissions scenarios (Current Legislation Emissions, CLE, and Maximum Feasible Reductions, MFR). Consistently across the scales, we found more reductions in deaths under MFR scenario compared to CLE 1.5 [95% CI: 0.4, 2.4] million CV deaths could be delayed each year in 2030 compared to 2010 under MFR scenario, 84% of which would occur in Asia, especially in China. In Europe, the benefits under MFR scnario (219 000 CV deaths) are noticeably larger than those under CLE (109 000 CV deaths). In Ile-de-France,under MFR more than 2830 annual CV deaths associated with PM2.5 changes could be delayed in 2050 compared to 2010. In Paris, ozone-related respiratory mortality should increase under both scenarios. Multi-scale HIAs can illustrate the difference in direct consequences of costly mitigation policies and provide results that may help decision-makers choose between different policy alternatives at different scales.

Published
2015

37. ESA's Living Planet Programme: Scientific Acheivements and Future Challenges – Scientific Context of Earth Observation Science Strategy for ESA

Author

Rast, M, Kern, M, Rast, M ( M ), Kern, M ( M ), O'Neill, A, Barber, D, Bauer, P, Dahlin, H, Diament, M, Hauglustaine, D, Le Traon, P-Y, Mattia, F, Mauser, W, Merchant, C, Pulliainen, J, Schaepman, Michael E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565, Visser, P, Antoine, D, Bojinski, Stephan, Carli, B, Chapron, B, Crevoisier, C, Ebbing, J, Johannessen, J, Lewis, P, Moreno, J, Pail, R, Remedios, J, Rott, H, Shepherd, A, Rast, M, Kern, M, Rast, M ( M ), Kern, M ( M ), O'Neill, A, Barber, D, Bauer, P, Dahlin, H, Diament, M, Hauglustaine, D, Le Traon, P-Y, Mattia, F, Mauser, W, Merchant, C, Pulliainen, J, Schaepman, Michael E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565, Visser, P, Antoine, D, Bojinski, Stephan, Carli, B, Chapron, B, Crevoisier, C, Ebbing, J, Johannessen, J, Lewis, P, Moreno, J, Pail, R, Remedios, J, Rott, H, and Shepherd, A

Abstract

SA’s new Earth Observation Science Strategy aims to cover all areas of science to which Earth observation missions can contribute. It challenges ESA and the scientific community to advance knowledge and technology in order to respond to the increasing needs associated with risks and opportunities in our changing global environment. The strategy (SP-1329/1) provides key elements and scientific direction for the future progress of ESA’s Living Planet Programme. The context and specific scientific challenges to increase knowledge and capabilities in the five Earth science disciplines – atmosphere, cryosphere, land surface, ocean and solid Earth – are identified in the complementary volume (SP-1329/2).

Published
2015

38. Earth observation science strategy for ESA: a new era for scientific advances and societal benefits

Author

Rast, M, Kern, M, Rast, M ( M ), Kern, M ( M ), O'Neill, A, Barber, D, Bauer, P, Dahlin, H, Diament, M, Hauglustaine, D, Le Traon, P-Y, Mattia, F, Mauser, W, Merchant, C, Pulliainen, J, Schaepman, Michael E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565, Visser, P, Antoine, D, Bojinski, Stephan, Carli, B, Chapron, B, Crevoisier, C, Ebbing, J, Johannessen, J, Lewis, P, Moreno, J, Pail, R, Remedios, J, Rott, H, Shepherd, A, Rast, M, Kern, M, Rast, M ( M ), Kern, M ( M ), O'Neill, A, Barber, D, Bauer, P, Dahlin, H, Diament, M, Hauglustaine, D, Le Traon, P-Y, Mattia, F, Mauser, W, Merchant, C, Pulliainen, J, Schaepman, Michael E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-9565, Visser, P, Antoine, D, Bojinski, Stephan, Carli, B, Chapron, B, Crevoisier, C, Ebbing, J, Johannessen, J, Lewis, P, Moreno, J, Pail, R, Remedios, J, Rott, H, and Shepherd, A

Abstract

ESA’s new Earth Observation Science Strategy aims to cover all areas of science to which Earth observation missions can contribute. It challenges ESA and the scientific community to advance knowledge and technology in order to respond to the increasing needs associated with risks and opportunities in our changing global environment. The strategy (SP-1329/1) provides key elements and scientific direction for the future progress of ESA’s Living Planet Programme. The context and specific scientific challenges to increase knowledge and capabilities in the five Earth science disciplines – atmosphere, cryosphere, land surface, ocean and solid Earth – are identified in the complementary volume (SP-1329/2).

Published
2015

40. Changes in tropospheric aerosol and reactive gases burdens and concentrations under IPCC-AR5 emission scenarios for 1850-2100

Author

Szopa, S., Balkanski, Y., Cozic, A., Cugnet, David, Déandreis, C., Dufresne, J., Hauglustaine, D., Foujols, M., Lathière, J., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Schulz, M., Yan, N., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
Troposphere: composition and chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Evolution of the atmosphere, Geochemical cycles
Abstract

International audience; Tropospheric ozone and aerosols are major climate forcing agents but the quantification of their forcings are still highly uncertain. In the framework of the ACC-MIP, a global decadal dataset describing the emissions of aerosols and ozone precursors and consistent with those provided for long-lived GHG, was made available. It allowed chemistry-climate models to simulate the evolution of short-lived GHG over the historical period (1850-2005) and for 4 future projections (Representative Concentration Pathways). This work describes the results obtained with the LMDz-INCA model using these state-of-the-art emissions and considering past and future climate change trajectories in a General Circulation Model. These concentrations are currently used as forcing by the two French Earth system models (IPSL-CM5 and CNRM-CM5) to simulate the climate evolution in the CMIP5 framework. The variability and trends of the concentrations along with their relevance will be discussed. In parallel to these projections considering the anthropogenic emissions changes, a short insight on the potential impact of natural isoprene emission changes on ozone will be shown.

Published
2010

42. Supplementary material to "Isoprene chemistry in pristine and polluted Amazon environments: Eulerian and Lagrangian model frameworks and the strong bearing they have on our understanding of surface ozone and predictions of rainforest exposure to this priority pollutant"

Author

Levine, J. G., primary, MacKenzie, A. R., additional, Squire, O. J., additional, Archibald, A. T., additional, Griffiths, P. T., additional, Abraham, N. L., additional, Pyle, J. A., additional, Oram, D. E., additional, Forster, G., additional, Brito, J. F., additional, Lee, J. D., additional, Hopkins, J. R., additional, Lewis, A. C., additional, Bauguitte, S. J. B., additional, Demarco, C. F., additional, Artaxo, P., additional, Messina, P., additional, Lathière, J., additional, Hauglustaine, D. A., additional, House, E., additional, Hewitt, C. N., additional, and Nemitz, E., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Isoprene chemistry in pristine and polluted Amazon environments: Eulerian and Lagrangian model frameworks and the strong bearing they have on our understanding of surface ozone and predictions of rainforest exposure to this priority pollutant

Author

Levine, J. G., primary, MacKenzie, A. R., additional, Squire, O. J., additional, Archibald, A. T., additional, Griffiths, P. T., additional, Abraham, N. L., additional, Pyle, J. A., additional, Oram, D. E., additional, Forster, G., additional, Brito, J. F., additional, Lee, J. D., additional, Hopkins, J. R., additional, Lewis, A. C., additional, Bauguitte, S. J. B., additional, Demarco, C. F., additional, Artaxo, P., additional, Messina, P., additional, Lathière, J., additional, Hauglustaine, D. A., additional, House, E., additional, Hewitt, C. N., additional, and Nemitz, E., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops

Author

Ellingsen, K., Gauss, M., Dingenen, R., Dentener, F. J., Emberson, L., Fiore, Arlene M., Schultz, M. G., Stevenson, D. S., Ashmore, M. R., Atherton, C. S., Bergmann, D. J., Bey, I., Butler, T., Drevet, J., Eskes, H., Hauglustaine, D. A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Horowitz, L. W., Krol, M., Lamarque, J. F., Lawrence, M. G., Noije, T., Pyle, J., Rast, S., Rodriguez, J., Savage, N., Strahan, S., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Oliver Wild, University of Oslo (UiO), Joint Research Centre, Stockholm Environment Institute, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Edinburgh, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's surface with hourly temporal resolution. Comparison of model results with surface ozone measurements in 14 world regions indicates that levels and seasonality of surface ozone in North America and Europe are characterized well by global models, with annual average biases typically within 5–10 nmol/mol. However, comparison with rather sparse observations over some regions suggest that most models overestimate annual ozone by 15–20 nmol/mol in some locations. Two scenarios from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and one from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) have been implemented in the models. This study focuses on changes in near-surface ozone and their effects on human health and vegetation. Different indices and air quality standards are used to characterise air quality. We show that often the calculated changes in the different indices are closely inter-related. Indices using lower thresholds are more consistent between the models, and are recommended for global model analysis. Our analysis indicates that currently about two-thirds of the regions considered do not meet health air quality standards, whereas only 2–4 regions remain below the threshold. Calculated air quality exceedances show moderate deterioration by 2030 if current emissions legislation is followed and slight improvements if current emissions reduction technology is used optimally. For the "business as usual" scenario severe air quality problems are predicted. We show that model simulations of air quality indices are particularly sensitive to how well ozone is represented, and improved accuracy is needed for future projections. Additional measurements are needed to allow a more quantitative assessment of the risks to human health and vegetation from changing levels of surface ozone.

Published
2008

49. The Impact of Traffic Emissions on Atmospheric Ozone and OH: Results from QUANTIFY

Author

HOOR P., BORKEN-KLEEFELD J., CARO D., ENDRESEN O., GAUSS M., GREWE F., HAUGLUSTAINE D., ISAKSEN I. S. A., JÖCKEL P, LELIEVELD J., MEIJER E., OLIVIE D., PRATHER M. J., SCHNADT POBERAJ C., STAEHELIN J., TANG Q., VAN AARDENNE John, VAN VELTHOVEN Peter, and SAUSEN R.

Abstract

o estimate the impact of emissions by road, aircraft and ship traffic on ozone and OH of the present-day atmosphere seven different atmospheric chemistry models simulated the atmospheric composition of the year 2003. Based on newly developed global emission inventories for road, maritime and aircraft emission data sets each model performed a series of five simulations: A base scenario using the full set of emissions, three sensitivity studies with each individual sector of transport reduced by 5% and one simulation with all traffic related emissions reduced by 5%. The approach minimizes non-linearities in atmospheric chemical effects and are later scaled to 100%. The global annual mean impact of ship emissions on ozone in the boundary layer leads to an increase of ozone of 1.2%, followed by road (0.87%) and aircraft emissions (0.3%). In the upper troposphere between 200¿300 hPa both road and ship traffic affect ozone by 1.1%, whereas aircraft emissions contribute 0.9%. However, the sensitivity of ozone formation per NOx molecule emitted is highest for aircraft exhausts. The local maximum effect of the summed traffic emissions on the ozone column predicted by the models is 4.0 DU and occurs over the northern subtropical Atlantic. The impact of traffic emissions on total ozone in the Southern Hemisphere is approximately half of the northern hemispheric perturbation. Below 800 hPa both ozone and OH respond most sensitively to ship emissions in the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic, where the effect can exceed 10% (zonal mean) which is 80% of the total traffic induced ozone perturbation. In the Southern Hemisphere ship emissions contribute relatively strongly to the total ozone perturbation by 60%¿80% throughout the year (equivalent to 1¿1.5 ppbv). Road emissions have the strongest impact on ozone in the continental boundary layer and the free troposphere in summer. They also affect the upper troposphere particularly during northern summer associated with strong convection in mid latitudes. Ozone perturbations due to road traffic show the strongest seasonal cycle in the northern troposphere, and can even change sign in the continental boundary layer during winter. The OH concentration in the boundary layer is most strongly affected by ship emissions, which has a significant influence on the lifetime of many trace gases including methane. Methane lifetime changes due to ship emissions amount to 4.1%, followed by road (1.6%) and air traffic (1.0%)., JRC.H.2-Air and Climate

Published
2008

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