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Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum gr. gilo) is a part of African indigenous vegetables and acknowledged as a source of variations in the breeding of Brinjal. Since its genetic diversity is still largely unexplored, therefore genetic diversity and population structure of this plant were investigated in this study. Scarlet eggplant germplasm made of fifty-two accessions originated from two districts of Rwanda was assessed by employing the iPBS-retrotransposon markers system. Twelve most polymorphic primers were employed for molecular characterization and they yielded 329 total bands whereupon 85.03% were polymorphic. The recorded mean polymorphism information content was 0.363 and other diversity indices such as; mean the effective number of alleles, mean Shannon’s information index and gene diversity with the following values; 1.298, 0.300 and 0.187 respectively. A superior level of diversity was noticed among accessions from Musanze district. The model-based structure, neighbor-joining, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) gathered scarlet germplasm in a divergence manner to their collection district. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) displayed that the utmost variations (81%) in scarlet eggplant germplasm are resulting in differences within populations. The extensive diversity of scarlet eggplant in Rwanda might be used to form the base and genetic resource of an exhaustive breeding program of this economically important African indigenous vegetable. For instance, accessions MZE53 and GKE11 might be proposed as parent candidates due to their high relative genetic distance (0.6781).

[EN] Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is one of the phytopathogenic bacteria causing bacterial wilt disease and severe yield losses in tomatoes and other solanaceous vegetables. Although there are some reports on Cmm infections in eggplants (Solanum melongena), there is no information available on the resistance sources and genetic control of the resistance to Cmm in this crop. We performed a search for resistance sources to Cmm in eggplants, in a set of 46 genotypes including landraces, inbred lines and cultivars and some cultivated and wild relatives, as well as an analysis of the genetic control of the resistance. A mixture of different Cmm strains from different genomic groups was used for the screening. Plants were inoculated through the injection of 10 mu L of a Cmm suspension at a concentration of 10(7) cfu/mL in a single point of the stem. The symptoms were recorded at nine weeks after the inoculation with a 0-4 symptoms scale. The differences were observed in the symptoms in the collection evaluated, with the disease severity index of the genotypes ranging from 0.00 to 4.00. While 31 genotypes displayed no symptoms, three cultivated eggplant genotypes were highly susceptible. Reciprocal F1 and F2 generations were obtained from the crosses between the most susceptible genotype (CT30) and a resistant one (CT49). The genetic control of the resistance adjusted well to one dominant and one recessive gene model underlying the resistance to Cmm. These results are important for selection and breeding for resistance to Cmm in eggplants., Supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Project No. BBSS-10-12.

[EN] The identification of heterotic groups may provide an important advantage for hybrid eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding. In this study, we evaluated the combining ability and heterotic patterns of eggplant lines in order to develop improved eggplant cultivars resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (FOM). A set of 62 inbred lines was evaluated with 32 morphological descriptors and their relationships were analyzed through a multivariate cluster analysis. A subset of 39 inbred lines was selected and, together with 15 sister lines, they were crossed with two testers to investigate their general combining ability (GCA) and to establish heterotic groups. Twenty selected inbred lines with high GCA were intercrossed using a half-diallel mating design. Eighty-two hybrids were obtained and evaluated for yield and yield components. We found no association between morphological distance and membership to specific heterotic groups. However, heterosis for yield was found in hybrids among parents from different heterotic groups or that were included in all heterotic groups. Among the hybrids evaluated, some were found to be highly productive and resistant to FOM, being candidates for the registration of new cultivars with dramatically improved characteristics., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey financially supported this study with Project No: 107G027. Mariola Plazas gratefully acknowledges financial support from Generalitat Valenciana and Fondo Social Europeo for a post-doctoral grant (APOSTD/2018/014).

Çalışmada; Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü (BATEM) ve Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsüne (KTAE) ait 35 adet kendilenmiş cin mısır hattı moleküler analize tabi tutulmuştur. Moleküler karakterizasyon için 21 adet SSR primeri kullanılmış ve hatlar arasındaki genetik uzaklıklar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; kümeleme analizi ile elde edilen dendograma göre cin mısır hatları 2 ana ve 5 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan hatlar 0.44 ile 0.95 aralığında benzerlik göstermişlerdir. Çalışmada kullanılan hatlardan 9 ve 28 nolu hatlar yakın akraba bulunur iken, 1 ve 23 nolu hatların uzak akraba bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuca göre BATEM ve KTAE ait kendilenmiş cin mısır hatları arasında genetik olarak bir varyasyonun olduğu tespit edilmiştir., In this study, 35 popcorn inbred lines that belong to West Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute (KTAE) were subjected to molecular analysis. 21 SSR primers were used to determine genetic distances among genotypes for molecular characterization. According to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis, popcorn inbred lines were divided in to 2 main and 5 sub-clusters. Similarity coefficient was changed between 0.44 and 0.95 among inbred lines. The nearest genetic similarity was detected between 9 and 28 number. On the other hand, 1 and 9 numbered lines were found to be the most distant relatives. The results of the study revealed a genetic variation in the popcorn inbred lines that belong to West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute.

A total of 38 eggplant genotypes, of which 32 were heirloom accessions collected from different regions of Burdur province five were different local genotypes from other provinces, and one was a cultivar, were used as reference in this study. The phylogenetic relationships among these heirlooms were evaluated using 40 morphologic descriptors and five randomly amplified polymorphic RAPD markers. The horizontal dendrograms were created by using UPGMA with both morphologic and molecular data. Burdur heirloom accessions showed high genetic diversity based on morphological and molecular data. The genetic similarity rates ranged from 0.29 to 0.91 according to the morphological data, and ranged from 0.84 to 0.98 according to the molecular data. Molecular data generated by RAPD method, compared to morphological data, were insufficient to reveal genetic diversity. Therefore, in order to confirm genetic variations, studies based on other molecular methods are necessary. The regional genetic populations include a wide eggplant genetic diversity which can be good source for the breeding studies performed in the future.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation is an important part of vegetable production in Turkey. It is highly affected by abiotic stress factors such as low temperatures during growth and development. The present study was aimed to improve new hybrid varieties with high quality and fruit setting under undesirable environmental conditions in eggplant. The 39 inbred lines were developed from eggplant genepool by using pedigree breeding method at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute. They were characterized morphologically and evaluated for phylogenetic relationship among them. Selected seven lines were crossed each other to obtain F1 hybrids. Thirteen hybrids from these crosses were examined for their rate of heterosis and heterobeltiosis. These hybrids were not suitable for market demands although F1 hybrids including P350 as parental line had high heterosis rate. Oval fruit shaped P350 inbred line as female parent showed good performance and crossed with long fruit shaped P599 inbred line. The resultant F1 hybrid cultivar higher yielding, suitable for production under greenhouse and highly adaptable was registered with the name of BATEM FILIZI. It is recommended that this hybrid can be used in greenhouse production especially in single crop season., Patlıcan Türkiye’de üretilen önemli sebze türlerinden birisidir. Büyümesi ve gelişmesi sırasında düşük sıcaklık gibi abiyotik stres faktörlerinden oldukça etkilenir. Sunulan çalışmada, patlıcanda olumsuz çevre koşulları altında meyve tutumu ve kalitesi yüksek yeni hibrit çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Pedigri ıslah metodu kullanılarak Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü patlıcan gen havuzundan 39 adet hat geliştirilmiştir. Bu hatlar morfolojik olarak karakterize edilmiş ve aralarındaki filogenetik ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. F1 hibrit elde etmek için seçilen 7 hat arasında melezlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu melezlemelerden elde edilen 13 adet hibritin heterozis ve heterobelitiosis oranları incelenmiştir. P350 hattının da ebeveyn olarak yer aldığı F1 hibritler yüksek heterozis oranlarına sahip olmasına rağmen, bu hibritler pazar taleplerine uygun bulunmamıştır. Ana ebeveyn olarak iyi bir performans gösteren oval meyveli P350 ile uzun meyveli P599 melezlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen yüksek verimli, serada yetiştirilmeye uygun adaptasyon kabiliyeti yüksek bu hibrit BATEM FİLİZİ olarak tescile alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen hibrit özellikle tek ürün döneminde örtüaltı yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılabilir.

Cin misir patlayabilme yetenegi ile diger misir tiplerinden farklidir. Besin icerigi, icerdigi vitamin ve mineraller sayesinde insan beslenmesinde onemlidir. Ayrica dusuk kalorisi ve tam tahilli misir enerjisi alimi ile aclik duygusunu azaltmasi, tok tutucu ve mide asidini emici ozelligiyle de iyi bir diyet urunudur. Bu arastirma, 2014 yilinda Antalya Bati Akdeniz Tarimsal Arastirma Enstitusu Mudurlugu (BATEM), Aksu Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu deneme arazisinde tesaduf bloklari deneme desenine gore uc tekerrurlu olarak yurutulmus ve otuz bes adet cin misir hattinin bazi kalite ozellikleri incelenmistir. Arastirmada incelenen; tane nemi %14.97-%17.63, patlama hacimleri 8.3 cm 3 g -1 - 29.3 cm 3 g -1 , patlamayan tane oranlari %1.8-%35.4, tane irilikleri 58.3 adet 10 g -1 - 102.3 adet 10 g -1 , lezzet testleri 1.4-3.6, agizda sakizlasma 1.5-4.0 arasinda degismistir. Calisma sonucunda 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 17, 24 ve 26 nolu hatlar arasindaki korelasyon incelenen kriterler yonunden on plana cikmislardir. Kalite ozellikleri arasindaki korelasyon incelendiginde; sirasiyla agizda sakizlasma ile lezzet, patlama hacmi ile tane iriligi, lezzet ve tane nemi arasinda pozitif, patlamayan tane orani ile patlama hacmi, patlamayan tane orani ve tane iriligi, patlama hacmi ve lezzet arasinda negatif bir iliski tespit edilmistir.

WOS: 000455562400070 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al (Cmm) is an important bacterial agent for tomatoes causing destructive disease. The best way to control of this disease is to use resistant cultivars. Unfortunately there has not been developed a resistant variety against the Cmm because the heritability of resistance is quite complex. In this study, the reactions of 78 genotypes including wild accessions of tomato and cultivar types were investigated. Cmm suspension adjusted to 10(7)cfu/ml concentration was injected in the wound for the inoculation. Seedlings were incubated in a climate controlled greenhouse. Disease symptoms were scored seven times during eight weeks by using the 0-4 scale values from inoculation. Three genotypes were showed resistance against the Cmm. S. peruvianum and S. chmielewskii were found as tolerant and S. habrochaites was determined as moderate tolerant. Both of genotypes have great importance as new resistance sources that they don't need embryo rescue like S. peruvianum. General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [TAGEM/BBAD/10/A01/P01/12] This research was financially supported by grants from the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry under TAGEM/BBAD/10/A01/P01/12 project number.

Eggplants are generally grown by winter in Mediterranean areas. Therefore, growers prefer to use parthenocarpic fruit and plant growth regulators. This study determined the relationship between flower development and gibberellic acid (GA3) levels in parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes. A single crop was grown in an unheated greenhouse at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey, and samples were collected from November to March, GA3 levels were measured with reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography at five different stages between small buds and small fruits. The results showed that there was no relationship between flower development and GA3 levels in parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic eggplant genotypes.Key words: HPLC, relation, cultivation, greenhouse, genotype, flower.